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Patruno R, Passantino G, Laface C, Tinelli A, Zito A, Ruggieri R, Luposella F, Gadaleta P, Laforgia M, Lacitignola L, Ammendola M, Ranieri G, Zizzo N. Microvascular Density, Endothelial Area, and Ki-67 Proliferative Index Correlate Each Other in Cat Post-Injection Fibrosarcoma. Cells 2020; 10:cells10010031. [PMID: 33379269 PMCID: PMC7823643 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Soft tissue sarcomas are a large group of different tumor types both in humans and in animals. Among them, fibrosarcoma is the most frequent malignant mesenchymal tumoral form in cats, representing up to 28% of all cat skin tumors, while human fibrosarcoma, fortunately, only represents 5% of all sarcomas and 0.025% of the world-wide burden of tumors. This low incidence in humans leads to consideration of this group of tumoral diseases as rare, so therapeutic options are few due to the difficulty of starting clinical trials. In this context, the identification of research models for fibrosarcomas could be of great interest to deepen knowledge in this field and recognize new or possible biological pathways involved in tumor progression and metastasis. Angiogenesis is considered a fundamental scattering cause of tumor aggressiveness and progression in all forms of cancer, but only a few research parameters were developed and reported to express them quantitatively and qualitatively. The role in angiogenesis of microenvironmental stromal cells, such as fibroblasts, lymphocytes, mast cells, and macrophages, was largely demonstrated since this topic was first approached, while quantification of new vessels and their blood capacity in tumoral area is a relatively recent approach that could be well developed thanks to expertise in immunohistochemistry and image analysis. In this paper, a crossing study evaluating microvascular density (MVD), endothelial area (EA), and Ki-67 proliferative index was reported for a series of formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue samples from 99 cat patients, affected by cat post-injection fibrosarcoma, by using a till ×400 magnification light microscopy. We aim to demonstrate that cat pets may be considered a useful animal model for better studying the correspondent human diseases and we report, for the first time to our knowledge, experimental data in terms of correlation among MVD, EA, and Ki-67 strictly involved in aggressiveness and tumoral progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Patruno
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Section of Veterinary Pathology and Comparative Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Strada p.le per Casamassima, km 3, 70010 Valenzano, Bari, Italy; (R.P.); (G.P.); (A.T.); (N.Z.)
| | - Giuseppe Passantino
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Section of Veterinary Pathology and Comparative Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Strada p.le per Casamassima, km 3, 70010 Valenzano, Bari, Italy; (R.P.); (G.P.); (A.T.); (N.Z.)
| | - Carmelo Laface
- Interventional and Medical Oncology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori “G. Paolo II”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (C.L.); (P.G.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Clinical Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 10124 Bari, Italy
| | - Antonella Tinelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Section of Veterinary Pathology and Comparative Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Strada p.le per Casamassima, km 3, 70010 Valenzano, Bari, Italy; (R.P.); (G.P.); (A.T.); (N.Z.)
| | - Alfredo Zito
- Pathology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori “G. Paolo II”, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Roberta Ruggieri
- Cardiology Unit, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Francesco Luposella
- Direction Départementale de la Cohésion Sociale et de la Protection des Populations des VOSGES (DDCSPP88), 88080 Vittel, France;
| | - Pietro Gadaleta
- Interventional and Medical Oncology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori “G. Paolo II”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (C.L.); (P.G.)
| | | | - Luca Lacitignola
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, Strada p.le per Casamassima, km 3, 70010 Valenzano, Bari, Italy;
| | - Michele Ammendola
- Department of Health Science, Digestive Surgery Unit, University “Magna Graecia” Medical School, Viale Europa, Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Girolamo Ranieri
- Interventional and Medical Oncology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori “G. Paolo II”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (C.L.); (P.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Nicola Zizzo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Section of Veterinary Pathology and Comparative Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Strada p.le per Casamassima, km 3, 70010 Valenzano, Bari, Italy; (R.P.); (G.P.); (A.T.); (N.Z.)
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Ji B, Feng Y, Sun Y, Ji D, Qian W, Zhang Z, Wang Q, Zhang Y, Zhang C, Sun Y. GPR56 promotes proliferation of colorectal cancer cells and enhances metastasis via epithelial‑mesenchymal transition through PI3K/AKT signaling activation. Oncol Rep 2018; 40:1885-1896. [PMID: 30066935 PMCID: PMC6111632 DOI: 10.3892/or.2018.6582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptor 56 (GPR56), a member of the orphan GPCR family, has been reported to be an oncogene in various malignancies. However, little is known regarding the detailed molecular mechanism of GPR56 in colorectal cancer (CRC). The present study aimed to detect the expression level and biological function of GPR56 in CRC. We examined the expression of GPR56 in CRC tissues and cell lines by quantitative real time (qRT)-PCR, immunohistochemistry, and western blot analysis. The prognostic significance of GPR56 in CRC patients was evaluated by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. The influence of GPR56 on tumor cell proliferation (via Cell Counting Kit-8, and a tumor formation assay in mice), apoptosis (flow cytometry), cell cycle distribution (flow cytometry) and migration (Transwell assay) was explored. We also investigated the underlying mechanism of GPR56 by western blot analysis. We found GPR56 expression was significantly upregulated in CRC tissues and cell lines compared to corresponding normal controls. Higher GPR56 expression in patients predicted poorer prognosis. Depletion of GPR56 markedly suppressed cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. GPR56 overexpression promoted CRC cell metastasis by expediting epithelial-mesenchymal transition by activating PI3K/AKT signaling. In conclusion, GPR56 played an important role in CRC progression and may represent a new therapeutic target to reduce CRC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Ji
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Yifei Feng
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Ye Sun
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou and The Third Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Dongjian Ji
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Wenwei Qian
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Qingyuan Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Chuan Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Yueming Sun
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
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Yamashita M, Kumasawa K, Miyake T, Nakamura H, Kimura T. Soluble Flt-1 Has Cytotoxic Effects on BeWo Choriocarcinoma Cells. Reprod Sci 2017; 25:830-836. [DOI: 10.1177/1933719117698575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michiko Yamashita
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Keiichi Kumasawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Miyake
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hitomi Nakamura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tadashi Kimura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Hospital, Osaka, Japan
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Abstract
Alterations in the homeostasis of several adhesion GPCRs (aGPCRs) have been observed in cancer. The main cellular functions regulated by aGPCRs are cell adhesion, migration, polarity, and guidance, which are all highly relevant to tumor cell biology. Expression of aGPCRs can be induced, increased, decreased, or silenced in the tumor or in stromal cells of the tumor microenvironment, including fibroblasts and endothelial and/or immune cells. For example, ADGRE5 (CD97) and ADGRG1 (GPR56) show increased expression in many cancers, and initial functional studies suggest that both are relevant for tumor cell migration and invasion. aGPCRs can also impact the regulation of angiogenesis by releasing soluble fragments following the cleavage of their extracellular domain (ECD) at the conserved GPCR-proteolytic site (GPS) or other more distal cleavage sites as typical for the ADGRB (BAI) family. Interrogation of in silico cancer databases suggests alterations in other aGPCR members and provides the impetus for further exploration of their potential role in cancer. Integration of knowledge on the expression, regulation, and function of aGPCRs in tumorigenesis is currently spurring the first preclinical studies to examine the potential of aGPCR or the related pathways as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Aust
- Department of Surgery, Research Laboratories, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 19, Leipzig, 04103, Germany.
| | - Dan Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery and Hematology & Medical Oncology, School of Medicine and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Erwin G Van Meir
- Department of Neurosurgery and Hematology & Medical Oncology, School of Medicine and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
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Pre-treatment of mice with tumor-conditioned media accelerates metastasis to lymph nodes and lungs: a new spontaneous breast cancer metastasis model. Clin Exp Metastasis 2013; 31:67-79. [PMID: 23963763 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-013-9610-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 08/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Current spontaneous metastasis models require a long period of observation after establishment of primary tumors to see significant metastatic progression. The degree of metastasis is not consistent among animals: this is problematic since it requires the use of a large number of animals to obtain reliable statistics. Here we report that pre-treatment of animals with tumor-conditioned media (TCM) consistently accelerates spontaneous metastasis in breast cancer. An inguinal breast tumor model facilitated by TCM showed robust anterior metastasis to the axillary and brachial lymph nodes (LN), and the lungs compared to the serum-free media treated group. The LN in TCM-treated animals showed enhanced angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. Primary tumors and lungs in TCM-treated animals showed enhanced lymphangiogenesis with no significant change in angiogenesis. TCM-treated animals also showed metastatic dissemination to abdomen from the primary injection site: this would generally enhance metastasis to other organs. In sum, the addition of TCM pre-treatment to current metastasis models results in accelerated and robust metastasis which would enable more efficient evaluation of anti-metastatic agents.
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Pascale F, Ghegediban SH, Bonneau M, Bedouet L, Namur J, Verret V, Schwartz-Cornil I, Wassef M, Laurent A. Modified Model of VX2 Tumor Overexpressing Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2012; 23:809-817.e2. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2012.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2011] [Revised: 02/02/2012] [Accepted: 02/06/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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Gloaguen V, Brudieux V, Closs B, Barbat A, Krausz P, Sainte-Catherine O, Kraemer M, Maes E, Guerardel Y. Structural characterization and cytotoxic properties of an apiose-rich pectic polysaccharide obtained from the cell wall of the marine phanerogam Zostera marina. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2010; 73:1087-92. [PMID: 20465284 DOI: 10.1021/np100092c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Zosterin, an apiose-rich pectic polysaccharide, was extracted and purified from the sea grass Zostera marina. Structural studies conducted by gas chromatography and NMR spectroscopy on a purified zosterin fraction (AGU) revealed a typical apiogalacturonan structure comprising an alpha-1,4-d-galactopyranosyluronan backbone substituted by 1,2-linked apiofuranose oligosaccharides and single apiose residues. The average molecular mass of AGU was estimated to be about 4100 Da with a low polydispersity. AGU inhibited proliferation of A431 human epidermoid carcinoma cells with an approximate IC(50) value of 3 microg/mL (0.7 microM). In addition, AGU inhibited A431 cell migration and invasion. Preliminary experiments showed that inhibition of metalloproteases expression could play a role in these antimigration and anti-invasive properties. Autohydrolysis of AGU, which eliminated apiose and oligo-apiose substituents, led to a virtual disappearance of cytotoxic properties, thus suggesting a direct structure-function relationship with the apiose-rich hairy region of AGU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Gloaguen
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, EA 1069, Faculte des Sciences et Techniques, Universite de Limoges, F-87060 SILAB, Saint Viance F-19240, France.
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Hadj-Bouazza A, Teste K, Colombeau L, Chaleix V, Zerrouki R, Kraemer M, Sainte Catherine O. Synthesis and biological activity of mustard derivatives of thymine. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2008; 27:439-48. [PMID: 18569783 DOI: 10.1080/15257770802086872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and biological activity of a novel DNA cross-linking antitumor agent is presented. The new alkylating agent significantly inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion as tested in vitro on the A431 vulvar epidermal carcinoma cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amel Hadj-Bouazza
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, Faculte des Sciences et Techniques Limoges, Universite de Limoges, France
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Tanaka Y, Sohda T, Matsuo K, Anan A, Irie M, Takeyama Y, Iwata K, Shakado S, Sakisaka S. Vascular endothelial growth factor reduces Fas-mediated acute liver injury in mice. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2008; 23:e207-11. [PMID: 17784864 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2007.05135.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Fulminant hepatitis is still a fatal liver disease, and no specific treatment for it has been available. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is the focus of attention because of its various actions. We investigated the effect of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) on Fas-induced fulminant hepatic failure (FHF). METHOD Male Balb/c mice were treated with an intraperitoneal injection of an anti-Fas antibody (Jo-2 Ab) with or without premedication with intraperitoneally administered human recombinant VEGF. RESULTS The serum level of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was up to 300 times higher that of normal mice following the Jo-2 Ab injection, and histological analysis revealed hepatic injury and massive hepatocyte apoptosis. The VEGF significantly suppressed an elevation in serum ALT levels and hepatocyte apoptosis. Immunohistochemically, VEGF-treated mice showed that Bcl-xL in hepatocytes was strongly expressed. CONCLUSIONS Since hepatocytes do not express VEGF receptors, we speculated that VEGF acts on sinusoidal endothelial cells (SECs) and promotes production of cytokines such as hepatocyte growth factor in SECs, resulting in reducing apoptosis through an increase expression of Bcl-xL in hepatocytes. We suggest that VEGF has a potent antiapoptotic effect on hepatocytes through cell-cell interaction between SECs and hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichi Tanaka
- Bioscience Department, Toagosei Co Ltd, Ibaraki, Japan
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Colombeau L, Teste K, Hadj-Bouazza A, Chaleix V, Zerrouki R, Kraemer M, Catherine OS. Synthesis and biological activity of chloroethyl pyrimidine nucleosides. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2008; 27:110-20. [PMID: 18205066 DOI: 10.1080/15257770701795813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and biological activity of chloroethyl pyrimidine nucleosides is presented. One of these new nucleosides analogues significantly inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion as tested in vitro on the A431 vulvar epidermal carcinoma cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovic Colombeau
- Université de Limoges, Laboratoire de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Limoges, France
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Wall A, Persigehl T, Hauff P, Licha K, Schirner M, Müller S, von Wallbrunn A, Matuszewski L, Heindel W, Bremer C. Differentiation of angiogenic burden in human cancer xenografts using a perfusion-type optical contrast agent (SIDAG). Breast Cancer Res 2008; 10:R23. [PMID: 18331624 PMCID: PMC2397521 DOI: 10.1186/bcr1875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2007] [Revised: 02/22/2008] [Accepted: 03/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Use of fluorescence imaging in oncology is evolving rapidly, and nontargeted fluorochromes are currently being investigated for clinical application. Here, we investigated whether the degree of tumour angiogenesis can be assessed in vivo by planar and tomographic methods using the perfusion-type cyanine dye SIDAG (1,1'-bis- [4-sulfobutyl]indotricarbocyanine-5,5'-dicarboxylic acid diglucamide monosodium). METHOD Mice were xenografted with moderately (MCF7, DU4475) or highly vascularized (HT1080, MDA-MB435) tumours and scanned up to 24 hours after intravenous SIDAG injection using fluorescence reflectance imaging. Contrast-to-noise ratio was calculated for all tumours, and fluorochrome accumulation was quantified using fluorescence-mediated tomography. The vascular volume fraction of the xenografts, serving as a surrogate marker for angiogenesis, was measured using magnetic resonance imaging, and blood vessel profile (BVP) density and vascular endothelial growth factor expression were determined. RESULTS SIDAG accumulation correlated well with angiogenic burden, with maximum contrast to noise ratio for MDA-MB435 (P < 0.0001), followed by HT1080, MCF7 and DU4475 tumours. Fluorescence-mediated tomography revealed 4.6-fold higher fluorochrome concentrations in MDA-MB435 than in DU4475 tumours (229 +/- 90 nmol/l versus 49 +/- 22 nmol/l; P < 0.05). The vascular volume fraction was 4.5-fold (3.58 +/- 0.9% versus 0.8 +/- 0.53%; P < 0.01), blood vessel profile density 5-fold (399 +/- 36 BVPs/mm2 versus 78 +/- 16 BVPs/mm2) and vascular endothelial growth factor expression 4-fold higher for MDA-MB435 than for DU4475 tumours. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that perfusion-type cyanine dyes allow assessment of angiogenesis in vivo using planar or tomographic imaging technology. They may thus facilitate characterization of solid tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Wall
- Department of Clinical Radiology, University Hospital of Münster, 48129 Münster, Germany.
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Ye Z, Wang X, Hao S, Zhong J, Xiang J, Yang J. Oncolytic adenovirus-mediated E1A gene therapy induces tumor-cell apoptosis and reduces tumor angiogenesis leading to inhibition of hepatocellular carcinoma growth in animal model. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2007; 21:225-34. [PMID: 16918299 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2006.21.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic adenovirus (rAd)-mediated E1A gene therapy of cancer has become a novel therapeutic modality. In this study, we constructed a recombinant oncolytic adenovirus (rAd-E1A) expressing the tumor suppressor E1A gene. We demonstrated that the rAd-E1A replicated in HepG2 and SMMC-7721 human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells but attenuated in the normal liver cell line HL-7702. It induced HCC cell apoptosis through upregulation of apoptosis-associated Bax, caspase-3, and Fas and downregulation of survivin and Bcl-2 in a p53-dependent pathway. It also downregulated the expression of angiogenesis- associated vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and CD34 genes and reduced tumor vessel formation and angiogenesis. In mice bearing SMMC-7721 tumors, intratumoral injections of rAd- E1A significantly inhibited HCC growth. Therefore, the oncolytic adenovirus-mediated E1A gene therapy may be a useful therapeutic approach for HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenmin Ye
- Cell and Molecular Biology Institute, College of Medicine, Soochow University, SuZhou, China
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Su B, Zheng Q, Vaughan MM, Bu Y, Gelman IH. SSeCKS metastasis-suppressing activity in MatLyLu prostate cancer cells correlates with vascular endothelial growth factor inhibition. Cancer Res 2006; 66:5599-607. [PMID: 16740695 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-05-4123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
SSeCKS, a Src-suppressed protein kinase C substrate with metastasis suppressor activity, is the rodent orthologue of human gravin/AKAP12, a scaffolding protein for protein kinase A and protein kinase C. We show here that the tetracycline-regulated reexpression of SSeCKS in MatLyLu (MLL) prostate cancer cells suppressed formation of macroscopic lung metastases in both spontaneous and experimental models of in vivo metastasis while having minimal inhibitory effects on the growth of primary-site s.c. tumors. SSeCKS decreased angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo by suppressing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in MLL tumor cells as well as in stromal cells. The forced reexpression of VEGF(165) and VEGF(121) isoforms was sufficient to reverse aspects of SSeCKS metastasis-suppressor activity in both the experimental and spontaneous models. SSeCKS reexpression in MLL cells resulted in the down-regulation of proangiogenic genes, such as osteopontin, tenascin C, KGF, angiopoietin, HIF-1alpha, and PDGFRbeta, and the up-regulation of antiangiogenic genes, such as vasostatin and collagen 18a1, a precursor of endostatin. These results suggest that SSeCKS suppresses formation of metastatic lesions by inhibiting VEGF expression and by inducing soluble antiangiogenic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Su
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA
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Hoekman K, Pinedo HM. Angiogenesis: a potential target for therapy of soft tissue sarcomas. Cancer Treat Res 2006; 120:169-80. [PMID: 15217224 DOI: 10.1007/1-4020-7856-0_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K Hoekman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Free University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Aoki M, Kanamori M, Ohmori K, Takaishi M, Huh NH, Nogami S, Kimura T. Expression of developmentally regulated endothelial cell locus 1 was induced by tumor-derived factors including VEGF. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2005; 333:990-5. [PMID: 15964546 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2005] [Accepted: 06/01/2005] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Developmentally regulated endothelial cell locus 1 (Del1) is a new angiogenic molecules expressed specifically in early embryonic endothelial cells. We investigated the relationship between Del1 and tumor cell-derived vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Dunn osteosarcoma cells and high- and low-metastatic murine sarcoma cells did not express Del1. However, the expression of Del1 was observed in these primary tumor tissues and the pulmonary metastatic tissues after subcutaneous inoculation in vivo. Every tumor cell-conditioned medium containing VEGF induced the expression of Del1 in murine lung microvascular endothelial (MLE) cells, although control MLE cells did not express Del1. The anti-mouse VEGF monoclonal antibody inhibited the induction of the Del1 expression. In addition, mouse recombinant interleukin-1alpha and tumor necrosis factor-alpha also induced Del1 in MLE cells. Del1 may play an important role in tumor angiogenesis through the effects of tumor-derived factors including VEGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Aoki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Toyama, Japan.
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Fujimoto A, Onodera H, Mori A, Isobe N, Yasuda S, Oe H, Yonenaga Y, Tachibana T, Imamura M. Vascular endothelial growth factor reduces mural cell coverage of endothelial cells and induces sprouting rather than luminal division in an HT1080 tumour angiogenesis model. Int J Exp Pathol 2005; 85:355-64. [PMID: 15566432 PMCID: PMC2517531 DOI: 10.1111/j.0959-9673.2004.00404.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays a central role in tumour angiogenesis. In a mouse intramuscular tumour model using VEGF-transfected HT1080 human fibrosarcoma, we investigated the morphological features and patterns of remodelling in size-matched tumours. Compared with the control tumours (C group), the VEGF-transfected tumours (V group) showed vigorous neovascularization with larger vessels. Fenestrations and disruptions of endothelia were specific to the V group. Three types of vascular remodelling, i.e. sprouting, luminal division and intussusceptive microvascular growth, were present in both groups. Morphometric analyses revealed that mural cell coverage of the endothelial cells was significantly smaller in the V group compared with that in the C group (V group, 28.2 +/- 18.6%; C group, 41.6 +/- 21.1%; P < 0.0001). To determine the prevalence of remodelling patterns, the occurrences of abluminal and luminal processes on endothelial cell surfaces were quantified. Abluminal processes are defined as cytoplasmic protrusions of the abluminal membrane of endothelial cells, which can vary from tiny spurs to solid sprouts of the cell. On the other hand, luminal processes are defined as intraluminal protrusions of the endothelial cell membrane, including various membranous changes from filiform processes to rather thick cytoplasmic bulges. An abluminal process is thought to represent an initial morphological change in sprouting type angiogenesis, and a luminal process to be a sign of implementation of luminal division. The frequency of abluminal processes was significantly higher in the V group than in the C group (V group, 0.243 +/- 0.138/microm; C group, 0.114 +/- 0.101/microm; P < 0.0001). In contrast, the number of luminal processes on the endothelial cells per micrometre was statistically comparable between the groups (V group, 0.285 +/- 0.252/microm; C group, 0.309 +/- 0.236/microm, P = 0.381). These results indicate that sprouting is the main mode of VEGF-induced tumour angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihisa Fujimoto
- Department of Surgery and Surgical Basic Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54-Shogoin Kawara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
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17
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Kim LS, Huang S, Lu W, Lev DC, Price JE. Vascular endothelial growth factor expression promotes the growth of breast cancer brain metastases in nude mice. Clin Exp Metastasis 2004; 21:107-18. [PMID: 15168728 DOI: 10.1023/b:clin.0000024761.00373.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Patients with breast cancer brain metastases cannot be cured and have a poor prognosis, with a median survival time of six months after diagnosis, despite developments in diagnostic and therapeutic modalities. In large part the progress in understanding the biology of breast cancer brain metastasis has been limited by the lack of suitable cell lines and experimental models. The objective of this study was to develop a reliable experimental model to study the pathogenesis of breast cancer brain metastases, using intra-internal carotid artery injection of breast cancer cells into nude mice. Brain metastasis-selected variant cells were recovered after three cycles of injection into the internal carotid artery of nude mice and harvest of brain metastases, resulting in variants termed MDA-231 BR1, -BR2 and -BR3. The metastasis-selected cells had increased potential for experimental brain metastasis and mice injected with these cells had significantly shorter mean survival than mice injected with the original cell line. Brain metastatic lesions of the selected variants contained significantly more CD31-positive blood vessels than metastases of the non-selected cell line. The variants selected from brain metastases released significantly more VEGF-A and IL-8 into culture supernatants than the original cell line, and more VEGF-A RNA when cultured in normoxic conditions. Mice injected with MDA-231 BR3 into the carotid artery were treated with the VEGF-receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor PTK787/Z 222584. Oral administration of the inhibitor resulted in a significant decrease in brain tumor burden, reduced CD31-positive vessels in the brain lesions and incidence of PCNA positive tumor cells, and increased apoptosis in the tumor, as measured by TUNEL labeling. We conclude that elevated VEGF expression contributes to the ability of breast cancer cells to form brain metastases. Targeting endothelial cells with a VEGF-receptor specific tyrosine kinase inhibitor reduced angiogenesis and restricted the growth of the brain metastases.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Brain Neoplasms/blood supply
- Brain Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Brain Neoplasms/secondary
- Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Carcinoma, Ductal/blood supply
- Carcinoma, Ductal/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Ductal/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Ductal/pathology
- Carcinoma, Ductal/secondary
- Carotid Artery, Internal
- Cell Hypoxia
- Cell Line, Tumor/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor/transplantation
- Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Enzyme Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Female
- Humans
- Injections, Intra-Arterial
- Interleukin-8/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Nude
- Neoplasm Transplantation
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/drug therapy
- Phthalazines/pharmacology
- Phthalazines/therapeutic use
- Pyridines/pharmacology
- Pyridines/therapeutic use
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor/antagonists & inhibitors
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/biosynthesis
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/genetics
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/physiology
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Su Kim
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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18
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Liu J, Shibata T, Qu R, Ogura M, Hiraoka M. Influences of the p53 status on hypoxia-induced gene expression. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2004; 45:333-339. [PMID: 15304978 DOI: 10.1269/jrr.45.333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The p53 tumor-suppressor gene is one of the most frequently mutated genes in human cancers, and its genetic alterations may play critical roles in oncogenesis, tumor progression, and angiogenesis. To clarify the influence of the p53 status on hypoxia-inducible gene expression, we first performed transfection assays with a hypoxia-responsive vector carrying 5 hypoxia-responsive elements upstream of the human CMV minimal promoter driving transcription of the luciferase gene in various human tumor cell lines with wild-type (wt) or mutant (mut) p53. As a result, hypoxia responsiveness considerably varied between cell lines, and we could not obtain clear evidence that the hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) mediated gene expression in the wt-p53 cells was lower than that in cells with mut-p53. It is interesting that SaOS2 cells (p53 null) showed the highest luciferase activities under both aerobic and hypoxic conditions among tested cells. Next, to elucidate the effects of endogenous wt- and mut-p53s, a transfection assay and Northern blot analysis for VEGF transcription under hypoxia were performed by using isogenic variants of HT1080 cells differing in their p53 status. The luciferase and the endogenous VEGF mRNA expression were apparently lower in a variant carrying mutations in both p53 alleles than in a parental line harboring wt-p53, implying that some types of mutant p53 constitutively accumulated in cells can decrease both the basal and the hypoxia-induced expressions in addition to wt-p53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junye Liu
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine
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19
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Yasuda S, Arii S, Mori A, Isobe N, Yang W, Oe H, Fujimoto A, Yonenaga Y, Sakashita H, Imamura M. Hexokinase II and VEGF expression in liver tumors: correlation with hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha and its significance. J Hepatol 2004; 40:117-23. [PMID: 14672622 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-8278(03)00503-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS We analyzed the expressions of hexokinase II (HK II), a key enzyme in glycolysis, and VEGF in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and metastatic liver cancer in relation to tumor vascularity, and the participation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) was studied. METHODS A real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was performed to examine the HK II and VEGF mRNA expression. Expression of HIF-1 alpha and HK II protein, and microvessel density (MVD) were examined immunohistochemically. RESULTS MVD was significantly higher in HCCs than in metastatic liver cancers, and VEGF mRNA expression was positively correlated only with MVD of HCCs. HK II mRNA expression was significantly higher in metastatic liver cancers, however, some cases of HCC pretreated with transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) showed marked HK II mRNA expression. Both HIF-1 alpha and HK II protein expressions were co-localized in the cancer cells near necrosis, and the intensity of HIF-1 alpha protein expression was significantly correlated with HK II mRNA expression in both tumors. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that, in metastatic liver cancers, glycolysis induced by HIF-1 is the predominant energy source under the hypoxic environment and, at least in some TAE-pretreated HCC cases, cancer cells obtain energy for growth by switching the metabolic profile to glycolysis through HIF-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiichi Yasuda
- Department of Surgery and Surgical Basic Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54-Shogoin Kawaharacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
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20
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Abstract
Cellular oxygen (O2) concentrations are tightly regulated to maintain ATP levels required for metabolic reactions in the human body. Responses to changes in O2 concentrations are primarily regulated by the transcription factor hypoxia inducible factor (HIF). HIF activates transcription of genes that increase systemic O2 delivery or provide cellular metabolic adaptation under conditions of hypoxia. HIF activity is essential for embryogenesis and various processes in postnatal life, and therefore, HIF levels need to be precisely controlled. Abnormal HIF expression is related to numerous diseases of the vascular system, including heart disease, cancer, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly L Covello
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia 19104, USA
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21
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Koshikawa N, Iyozumi A, Gassmann M, Takenaga K. Constitutive upregulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha mRNA occurring in highly metastatic lung carcinoma cells leads to vascular endothelial growth factor overexpression upon hypoxic exposure. Oncogene 2003; 22:6717-24. [PMID: 14555985 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1206765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Neoangiogenesis is crucial for tumor growth and metastasis and is regulated by various angiogenic factors including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). However, little is known whether highly metastatic cells express higher level of VEGF in response to various stimuli, thereby increasing neoangiogenesis compared to low-metastatic cells. Here we report that hypoxia markedly induced the expression of VEGF mRNA in the cell lines with high-metastatic potential (A11 and D6 cells) compared to the cell lines with low-metastatic potential (P29 and P34 cells) established from Lewis lung carcinoma. A11 cells exhibited higher VEGF gene-promoter activity, produced a larger amount of VEGF and showed higher activity to induce neoangiogenesis than P29 cells. Although the degradation rate of VEGF mRNA under hypoxic conditions was similar in both cell lines, hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) mRNA, but not HIF-1beta mRNA, was found to be constitutively upregulated in A11 cells compared to P29 cells. Accordingly, the level of HIF-1alpha protein in response to hypoxia was higher in A11 cells than in P29 cells. Upregulation of HIF-1alpha mRNA was also observed in D6 cells but not in P34 cells. Thus, the high-metastatic cells produced a larger amount of VEGF under hypoxic conditions through constitutive HIF-1alpha mRNA upregulation compared to the low-metastatic cells, thereby leading to extensive neoangiogenesis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Nuclear Translocator
- Blotting, Northern
- Cell Nucleus/metabolism
- DNA-Binding Proteins
- Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel
- Endothelial Growth Factors/metabolism
- Female
- Genes, Reporter
- Hypoxia/metabolism
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit
- Immunoblotting
- Immunohistochemistry
- Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/metabolism
- Luciferases/metabolism
- Lung Neoplasms/metabolism
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Lymphokines/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Neoplasm Metastasis
- Neovascularization, Pathologic
- Plasmids/metabolism
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- RNA/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon
- Recombinant Proteins/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Time Factors
- Transcription Factors/biosynthesis
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Up-Regulation
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuko Koshikawa
- Division of Pathology, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, 666-2 Nitona, Chuoh-ku, Chiba 260-8717, Japan
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22
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Di Benedetto M, Starzec A, Vassy R, Perret GY, Crépin M, Kraemer M. Inhibition of epidermoid carcinoma A431 cell growth and angiogenesis in nude mice by early and late treatment with a novel dextran derivative. Br J Cancer 2003; 88:1987-94. [PMID: 12799647 PMCID: PMC2741107 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6600985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effect of a new dextran derivative, phenylacetate carboxymethyl benzylamide dextran (NaPaC), on epidermoid carcinoma A431 cells secreting a large quantity of angiogenic factor, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). In vitro, NaPaC inhibited the proliferation of A431 cells (IC(50)=5 micro M). Also, NaPaC decreased the binding of radiolabelled VEGF(165) to endothelial cells (IC(50)=0.2 micro M). In vivo, we explored the effects of NaPaC (15 mg kg(-1)) on A431 xenograft growth starting the drug administration at the time of tumour cell inoculation (early treatment) and 1 week later, when tumours were well established (late treatment). Early treatment was more efficient on tumour inhibition (70% vs control) than late treatment (50% vs control). Early and late NaPaC-treatment increased the aponecrosis in tumour by 70 and 30%, respectively. Whatever treatment, NaPaC inhibited the intratumour endothelial cell density in the same manner. In contrast, vessel area was decreased only when NaPaC was injected early (35%). These results show that NaPaC has a potent inhibitory effect, dependent on treatment outset, on epidermoid carcinoma growth associated with an intratumour microvascular network diminution and an aponecrosis increase. As this drug is nontoxic at efficient dose, it offers interesting perspectives for the therapy of malignant lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Di Benedetto
- Laboratoire d'Oncologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, UPRES 2360, Université Paris 13, 74 rue Marcel Cachin, 93017 Bobigny cedex, France.
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23
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Shimo T, Nakanishi T, Nishida T, Asano M, Sasaki A, Kanyama M, Kuboki T, Matsumura T, Takigawa M. Involvement of CTGF, a hypertrophic chondrocyte-specific gene product, in tumor angiogenesis. Oncology 2002; 61:315-22. [PMID: 11721179 DOI: 10.1159/000055339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) is a potent secreted signaling factor which functions in multiple stages of angiogenesis. In the present study, we examined the role of CTGF in tumor angiogenesis and made the following observations: (1) Histological analysis of human breast cancer (MDA231) cell and human fibrosarcoma (HT1080) cell xenografts in BALB/c nude mice showed a high level of neovascularization. Human squamous cell carcinoma (A431) xenografts induced only a low level of neovascularization. (2) CTGF mRNA was strongly expressed in MDA231 and in HT1080 cells in vivo and in vitro, but not in A431 cells. (3) CTGF protein was markedly produced in MDA231 cells and HT1080 cells and secreted into culture medium, and its production was greater during phases of growth rather than confluency. (4) Production of CTGF in bovine aorta endothelial cells was induced by CTGF, VEGF, bFGF and TGF-beta. (5) Neovascularization induced by HT1080 cells or MDA231 cells on chicken chorioallantoic membrane was suppressed in the presence of neutralizing CTGF-specific polyclonal antibody. These results suggest that CTGF regulates progression in tumor angiogenesis and the release or secretion of CTGF from tumor cells is essential for the angiogenesis.
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MESH Headings
- Allantois
- Animals
- Aorta
- Breast Neoplasms/blood supply
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/blood supply
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Cattle
- Chickens
- Chorion
- Connective Tissue Growth Factor
- Endothelial Growth Factors/pharmacology
- Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- Female
- Fibroblast Growth Factor 2/pharmacology
- Fibrosarcoma/blood supply
- Fibrosarcoma/genetics
- Fibrosarcoma/pathology
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Growth Substances/analysis
- Growth Substances/genetics
- Humans
- Immediate-Early Proteins/analysis
- Immediate-Early Proteins/genetics
- Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
- Lymphokines/pharmacology
- Mice
- Mice, Nude
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/genetics
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/pathology
- Transforming Growth Factor beta/pharmacology
- Transplantation, Heterologous
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- T Shimo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry, Okayama, Japan
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24
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Liang D, Chang JR, Chin AJ, Smith A, Kelly C, Weinberg ES, Ge R. The role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in vasculogenesis, angiogenesis, and hematopoiesis in zebrafish development. Mech Dev 2001; 108:29-43. [PMID: 11578859 DOI: 10.1016/s0925-4773(01)00468-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF, VEGF-A), a selective mitogen for endothelial cells is a critical factor for vascular development. Two isoforms that differ in the presence of exons 6 and 7, Vegf(165) and Vegf(121), are the dominant forms expressed in zebrafish embryo. Simultaneous overexpression of both isoforms in the embryo results in increased production of flk1, tie1, scl, and gata1 transcripts, indicating a stimulation of both endothelial and hematopoietic lineages. We also demonstrate that vegf can stimulate hematopoiesis in zebrafish by promoting the formation of terminally differentiated red blood cells. Simultaneous overexpression of both isoforms also causes ectopic vasculature and blood cells in many of the injected embryos as well as pericardial edema in later stage embryos. Overexpression of vegf also resulted in earlier onset of flk1, tie1, scl, and gata1 expression in the embryo, indicating a possible role of vegf in stimulating the differentiation of both vascular and hematopoietic lineages. Co-injection of RNAs for both isoforms results in increased expression of three of these markers over and above that observed when either RNA is singly injected and analysis of vegf expression in the notochord mutants no tail and floating head suggests that the notochord patterns the formation of the dorsal aorta by stimulating adjacent somite cells to express vegf, which in turn functions as a signal in dorsal aorta patterning. Finally, studies of vegf expression in cloche mutant indicate that vegf expression is generally independent of cloche function. These results show that in the zebrafish embryo, vegf can not only stimulate endothelial cell differentiation but also hematopoiesis. Moreover, these effects are most dramatic when both vegf isoforms are co-expressed, indicating a synergistic effect of the expression of the two forms of the VEGF protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Liang
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119260
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25
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Neufeld G, Kessler O, Vadasz Z, Gluzman-Poltorak Z. The Contribution of Proangiogenic Factors to the Progression of Malignant Disease. Surg Oncol Clin N Am 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s1055-3207(18)30069-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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26
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Yokoyama Y, Baveja R, Sonin N, Clemens MG, Zhang JX. Hepatic neovascularization after partial portal vein ligation: novel mechanism of chronic regulation of blood flow. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2001; 280:G21-31. [PMID: 11123194 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.2001.280.1.g21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to investigate hepatic microcirculatory response following partial portal vein ligation (PPVL) in rats. Portal pressure was markedly increased 2-6 wk after PPVL, but no significant reduction in sinusoidal perfusion and hepatocellular injury were detected. However, marked neovascularization was observed in PPVL rats using intravital microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Extremely high red blood cell velocity (2,000-4,900 microm/s) was seen in these vessels. Injection of fluorescein sodium via the carotid artery revealed that the neovessels originated from the hepatic arterial vasculature. This was further confirmed by clamping the common hepatic artery and phenylephrine injection from the carotid artery. These vessels maintained sufficient flow after massive sinusoidal shutdown elicited by the portal infusion of endothelin receptor B agonist IRL-1620. SEM also showed extensive neovascularization at the hilum. Additionally, clamping the portal vein decreased sinusoidal perfusion only by 9.5% in PPVL, whereas a 71.2% decrease was observed in sham. These results strongly suggest that the liver maintains its microcirculatory flow by vascular remodeling from the hepatic arterial vasculature following PPVL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Yokoyama
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina 28223, USA
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27
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Mori A, Arii S, Furutani M, Mizumoto M, Uchida S, Furuyama H, Kondo Y, Gorrin-Rivas MJ, Furumoto K, Kaneda Y, Imamura M. Soluble Flt-1 gene therapy for peritoneal metastases using HVJ-cationic liposomes. Gene Ther 2000; 7:1027-33. [PMID: 10871751 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gt.3301202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Many studies have reported a close association between VEGF and tumor angiogenesis. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of gene therapy against cancer, including peritoneal metastasis, using a cDNA encoding a soluble type of Flt-1, one of the VEGF receptors. In a peritoneal metastasis model of MKN45 human gastric cancer cells, mice repetitively treated with intraperitoneal injections of HVJ-Fex, a type of HVJ-cationic liposome encapsulating a plasmid expressing soluble mFlt-1, exhibited smaller disseminated foci with fewer microvessels, thus resulting in a significantly longer survival period than the control mice. In another peritoneal metastasis model using HT1080S cells, a clone of HT1080 human fibrosarcoma cells stably transfected with hVEGF, treatments with HVJ-Fex also reduced the growth of disseminated foci without ascites formation. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that the peritoneal metastases of some cancers were largely dependent on VEGF, and that the repeated intraperitoneal transduction of a soluble flt-1 gene using HVJ-cationic liposomes suppressed peritoneal metastases, thereby contributing to a longer survival period.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mori
- Department of Surgery and Surgical Basic Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
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28
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Kondo Y, Arii S, Furutani M, Isigami SI, Mori A, Onodera H, Chiba T, Imamura M. Implication of vascular endothelial growth factor and p53 status for angiogenesis in noninvasive colorectal carcinoma. Cancer 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0142(20000415)88:8<1820::aid-cncr10>3.0.co;2-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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29
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Uchida S, Watanabe G, Shimada Y, Maeda M, Kawabe A, Mori A, Arii S, Uehata M, Kishimoto T, Oikawa T, Imamura M. The suppression of small GTPase rho signal transduction pathway inhibits angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2000; 269:633-40. [PMID: 10708606 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2000.2315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis consists of multistep pathways such as the degradation of the matrix, proliferation of the endothelial cells, motility of the endothelial cells, formation of the cord structure and network formation of microvessels. The small GTPase Rho participates in cell motility through actin fiber polymerization. The role of the small GTPase Rho signal transduction pathway in regulating angiogenesis, however, is still unknown. In this study, we investigated the role of the small GTPase Rho signal transduction pathway in angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo using the exoenzyme, Clostridium botulinum C3 transferase, which specifically suppresses Rho and a compound, Y-27632, which suppresses p160ROCK (Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase). In this paper, we showed that the small GTPase Rho-p160ROCK signal transduction pathway played an important role in angiogenesis both in vitro and in vivo. These results suggest that inhibition of the small GTPase Rho signal transduction pathway by the p160ROCK inhibitor could be a possible new strategy for angiogenic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Uchida
- Department of Surgery and Surgical Basic Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54-Syogoin Kawara-cho, Sakyoku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
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