1
|
Xu W, Wu L, Lu H, Xiang X, Wang F, Li S. LncRNA PCGEM1 promotes colorectal cancer cell proliferation and migration in positive feedback loop through PCGEM1/miR-433-3p/CTCF axis. Pathol Res Pract 2022; 237:154017. [PMID: 35872368 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.154017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Prostate cancer gene expression marker 1 (PCGEM1) has been identified as an oncogenic long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) in diverse cancers, but it has never been linked with colorectal cancer (CRC). Former studies have shown the mutual regulation between lncRNAs and transcription factors (TFs) in cancer. CCCTC binding factor (CTCF) has been reported to transcriptionally activate lncRNAs in cancers. We predicted the binding of CTCF on PCGEM1 promoter through UCSC (https://genome.ucsc.edu/), but their relation has not been studied. We aimed to investigate whether and how PCGEM1 functioned in CRC cells and the interaction between PCGEM1 and CTCF. METHODS AND RESULTS The impacts of PCGEM1 and CTCF inhibition on CRC cells were verified through loss-of-function experiments. Mechanism experiments were used to prove the binding between CTCF and PCGEM1 in CRC progression. PCGEM1 possessed a high expression level in CRC cells as well as tumors. CTCF transcriptionally activated PCGEM1 expression. Knockdown of PCGEM1 or CTCF impeded proliferation and migration and drove apoptosis of CRC cells. Moreover, PCGEM1 bound miR-433-3p to prevent miR-433-3p from targeting CTCF. CONCLUSION We first revealed PCGEM1/miR-433-3p/CTCF positive feedback loop as an oncogenic axis in CRC cells, which potentially provides new clues for the advancement of CRC treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weijun Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jinling Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lin Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jinling Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Heng Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jinling Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaosong Xiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jinling Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fangyu Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jinling Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sheng Li
- Department of Oncology, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
CircLATS2 Regulates miR-520a-3p/E2F7/p-VEGFR2 Signaling Pathway to Promote Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression and Angiogenesis. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:3744560. [PMID: 35444695 PMCID: PMC9015858 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3744560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Objective To investigate the effect of circLATS2 on the progression and angiogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma and its molecular mechanism. Methods The expression of circLATS2 in hepatocellular carcinoma was detected by qRT-PCR. The StarBase database was used to predict the potential miRNA, and the combination of the above was cytological verified by luciferase reporter gene assay and RNA pull down. The potential target genes of miRNA were predicted by TargetScan, verified by the above experiments, and the influence of circLATS2 on its expression was determined. The biological function of circLATS2 was investigated by in vitro and in vivo experiments. The effects of miRNA and target genes on the malignant behavior of HCC cells were determined by the reverse experiment. Results circLATS2 was highly expressed in HCC and was positively correlated with tumor size and tumor stage. miR-520a-3p was sponged by circLATS2 and was low expressed in HCC tissues. As the target gene of miR-520a-3p, the expression level of E2F7 is affected by circLATS2. In vitro experiments showed that circLATS2 knockdown inhibited the proliferation, clone formation, migration, and invasion ability of hepatocellular carcinoma cells. In vivo knockdown of circLATS2 inhibits the proliferation of HCC cells, while overexpression of circLATS2 promotes the proliferation of HCC cells. Overexpression of miR-520a-3p and E2F7 knockdown reversed the role of circLATS2 in promoting malignant behavior of HCC cells and affected phosphorylation of VEGFR2. Conclusion CircLATS2 promotes the progression of HCC by regulating miR-520a-3p/E2F7/P-VEGFR2 signaling pathway.
Collapse
|
3
|
Criss ZK, Bhasin N, Di Rienzi SC, Rajan A, Deans-Fielder K, Swaminathan G, Kamyabi N, Zeng XL, Doddapaneni H, Menon VK, Chakravarti D, Estrella C, Yu X, Patil K, Petrosino JF, Fleet JC, Verzi MP, Christakos S, Helmrath MA, Arimura S, DePinho RA, Britton RA, Maresso AW, Grande-Allen KJ, Blutt SE, Crawford SE, Estes MK, Ramani S, Shroyer NF. Drivers of transcriptional variance in human intestinal epithelial organoids. Physiol Genomics 2021; 53:486-508. [PMID: 34612061 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00061.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Human intestinal epithelial organoids (enteroids and colonoids) are tissue cultures used for understanding the physiology of the human intestinal epithelium. Here, we explored the effect on the transcriptome of common variations in culture methods, including extracellular matrix substrate, format, tissue segment, differentiation status, and patient heterogeneity. RNA-sequencing datasets from 276 experiments performed on 37 human enteroid and colonoid lines from 29 patients were aggregated from several groups in the Texas Medical Center. DESeq2 and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) were used to identify differentially expressed genes and enriched pathways. PERMANOVA, Pearson's correlation, and dendrogram analysis of the data originally indicated three tiers of influence of culture methods on transcriptomic variation: substrate (collagen vs. Matrigel) and format (3-D, transwell, and monolayer) had the largest effect; segment of origin (duodenum, jejunum, ileum, colon) and differentiation status had a moderate effect; and patient heterogeneity and specific experimental manipulations (e.g., pathogen infection) had the smallest effect. GSEA identified hundreds of pathways that varied between culture methods, such as IL1 cytokine signaling enriched in transwell versus monolayer cultures and E2F target genes enriched in collagen versus Matrigel cultures. The transcriptional influence of the format was furthermore validated in a synchronized experiment performed with various format-substrate combinations. Surprisingly, large differences in organoid transcriptome were driven by variations in culture methods such as format, whereas experimental manipulations such as infection had modest effects. These results show that common variations in culture conditions can have large effects on intestinal organoids and should be accounted for when designing experiments and comparing results between laboratories. Our data constitute the largest RNA-seq dataset interrogating human intestinal epithelial organoids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zachary K Criss
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Nobel Bhasin
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Sara C Di Rienzi
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Anubama Rajan
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Kali Deans-Fielder
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | | | | | - Xi-Lei Zeng
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Harsha Doddapaneni
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Vipin K Menon
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Deepavali Chakravarti
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Clarissa Estrella
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Xiaomin Yu
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Ketki Patil
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Joseph F Petrosino
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - James C Fleet
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, The University of Texas, Austin, Texas
| | - Michael P Verzi
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Sylvia Christakos
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Michael A Helmrath
- Department of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Sumimasa Arimura
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Ronald A DePinho
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Robert A Britton
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Anthony W Maresso
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Sarah E Blutt
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Sue E Crawford
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Mary K Estes
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Sasirekha Ramani
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Noah F Shroyer
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wu X, Kong C, Wu Y. Long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1094 (LINC01094) promotes the progression of breast cancer (BC) by regulating the microRNA-340-5p (miR-340-5p)/E2F transcription factor 3 (E2F3) axis. Bioengineered 2021; 12:9046-9057. [PMID: 34657558 PMCID: PMC8806954 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1993715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was targeted at investigating the effects of long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1094 on breast cancer (BC) cell proliferation, apoptosis, and cell cycle and its related mechanism. In this study, Western blot and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) were conducted to detect the expressions of LINC01094, microRNA (miRNA, miR)-340-5p, and E2F transcription factor 3 (E2F3) in BC tissues and cells. With transfection, LINC01094 and miR-340-5p expressions were selectively up-regulated or down-regulated in BC cell lines, and then cell proliferation, cell cycle, and apoptosis were examined by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), 5-bromo-2ʹ-deoxyuridine (BrdU), and flow cytometry assays. Bioinformatics was utilized to predict the targeted relationships between miR-340-5p and LINC01094, as well as miR-340-5p and E2F3 mRNA 3ʹ-untranslated region (3ʹUTR), and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay and dual-luciferase reporter gene assay were employed to validate them. It was revealed that, LINC01094 expression was enhanced in BC cells and tissues, and LINC01094 overexpression promoted BC cell proliferation, accelerated cell cycle progression, and inhibited apoptosis while knocking down LINC01094 worked oppositely. LINC01094 directly targeted miR-340-5p and negatively regulated its expression in BC cells. Besides, E2F3 was substantiated to be the target gene of miR-340-5p, and E2F3 expression could be indirectly and positively modulated by LINC01094. All in all, LINC01094 promotes BC cell proliferation and cell cycle progression and inhibits apoptosis via modulating miR-340-5p/E2F3 molecular axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xia Wu
- Department of Oncology, The Third People's Hospital of Linyi, Linyi, Shandong, China
| | - Cui Kong
- Department of Personnel, The Third People's Hospital of Linyi, Linyi, Shandong, China
| | - Yilei Wu
- Department of Both Glandular and Hemangioma Families, Shandong Provincial Third Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Orhan E, Velazquez C, Tabet I, Sardet C, Theillet C. Regulation of RAD51 at the Transcriptional and Functional Levels: What Prospects for Cancer Therapy? Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:2930. [PMID: 34208195 PMCID: PMC8230762 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13122930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The RAD51 recombinase is a critical effector of Homologous Recombination (HR), which is an essential DNA repair mechanism for double-strand breaks. The RAD51 protein is recruited onto the DNA break by BRCA2 and forms homopolymeric filaments that invade the homologous chromatid and use it as a template for repair. RAD51 filaments are detectable by immunofluorescence as distinct foci in the cell nucleus, and their presence is a read out of HR proficiency. RAD51 is an essential gene, protecting cells from genetic instability. Its expression is low and tightly regulated in normal cells and, contrastingly, elevated in a large fraction of cancers, where its level of expression and activity have been linked with sensitivity to genotoxic treatment. In particular, BRCA-deficient tumors show reduced or obliterated RAD51 foci formation and increased sensitivity to platinum salt or PARP inhibitors. However, resistance to treatment sets in rapidly and is frequently based on a complete or partial restoration of RAD51 foci formation. Consequently, RAD51 could be a highly valuable therapeutic target. Here, we review the multiple levels of regulation that impact the transcription of the RAD51 gene, as well as the post-translational modifications that determine its expression level, recruitment on DNA damage sites and the efficient formation of homofilaments. Some of these regulation levels may be targeted and their impact on cancer cell survival discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esin Orhan
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier U1194 INSERM, Université de Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France; (E.O.); (I.T.); (C.S.)
| | | | - Imene Tabet
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier U1194 INSERM, Université de Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France; (E.O.); (I.T.); (C.S.)
| | - Claude Sardet
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier U1194 INSERM, Université de Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France; (E.O.); (I.T.); (C.S.)
| | - Charles Theillet
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier U1194 INSERM, Université de Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France; (E.O.); (I.T.); (C.S.)
- ICM, Institut du Cancer de Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France;
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Identification of potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for LUAD based on TCGA and GEO databases. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:228708. [PMID: 34017995 PMCID: PMC8182989 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20204370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that gene alterations play a crucial role in LUAD development, progression, and prognosis. The present study aimed to identify the hub genes associated with LUAD. In the present study, we used TCGA database to screen the hub genes. Then, we validated the results by GEO datasets. Finally, we used cBioPortal, UALCAN, qRT-PCR, HPA database, TCGA database, and Kaplan–Meier plotter database to estimate the gene mutation, gene transcription, protein expression, clinical features of hub genes in patients with LUAD. A total of 5930 DEGs were screened out in TCGA database. Enrichment analysis revealed that DEGs were involved in the transcriptional misregulation in cancer, viral carcinogenesis, cAMP signaling pathway, calcium signaling pathway, and ECM–receptor interaction. The combining results of MCODE and CytoHubba showed that ADCY8, ADRB2, CALCA, GCG, GNGT1, and NPSR1 were hub genes. Then, we verified the above results by GSE118370, GSE136043, and GSE140797 datasets. Compared with normal lung tissues, the expression levels of ADCY8 and ADRB2 were lower in LUAD tissues, but the expression levels of CALCA, GCG, GNGT1, and NPSR1 were higher. In the prognosis analyses, the low expression of ADCY8 and ADRB2 and the high expression of CALCA, GCG, GNGT1, and NPSR1 were correlated with poor OS and poor PFS. The significant differences in the relationship of the expression of 6 hub genes and clinical features were observed. In conclusion, 6 hub genes will not only contribute to elucidating the pathogenesis of LUAD and may be potential therapeutic targets for LUAD.
Collapse
|
7
|
Wu T, Wu L. The Role and Clinical Implications of the Retinoblastoma (RB)-E2F Pathway in Gastric Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:655630. [PMID: 34136392 PMCID: PMC8201093 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.655630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is the most common malignant tumor in the digestive tract, with very high morbidity and mortality in developing countries. The pathogenesis of gastric cancer is a complex biological process mediated by abnormal regulation of proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. Although there have been some in-depth studies on gastric cancer at the molecular level, the specific mechanism has not been fully elucidated. RB family proteins (including RB, p130, and p107) are involved in cell cycle regulation, a process that largely depends on members of the E2F gene family that encode transcriptional activators and repressors. In gastric cancer, inactivation of the RB-E2F pathway serves as a core transcriptional mechanism that drives cell cycle progression, and is regulated by cyclins, cyclin-dependent kinases, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, p53, Helicobacter pylori and some other upstream molecules. The E2F proteins are encoded by eight genes (i.e. E2F1 to E2F8), each of which may play a specific role in gastric cancer. Interestingly, a single E2F such as E2F1 can activate or repress transcription, and enhance or inhibit cell proliferation, depending on the cell environment. Thus, the function of the E2F transcription factor family is very complex and needs further exploration. Importantly, the presence of H. pylori in stomach mucosa may affect the RB and p53 tumor suppressor systems, thereby promoting the occurrence of gastric cancer. This review aims to summarize recent research progress on important roles of the complex RB-E2F signaling network in the development and effective treatment of gastric cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lizhao Wu
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Jingushi K, Aoki M, Ueda K, Kogaki T, Tanimoto M, Monoe Y, Ando M, Matsumoto T, Minami K, Ueda Y, Kitae K, Hase H, Nagata T, Harada-Takeda A, Yamamoto M, Kawahara K, Tabata K, Furukawa T, Sato M, Tsujikawa K. ALKBH4 promotes tumourigenesis with a poor prognosis in non-small-cell lung cancer. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8677. [PMID: 33883577 PMCID: PMC8060266 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87763-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The human AlkB homolog family (ALKBH) of proteins play a critical role in some types of cancer. However, the expression and function of the lysine demethylase ALKBH4 in cancer are poorly understood. Here, we examined the expression and function of ALKBH4 in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and found that ALKBH4 was highly expressed in NSCLC, as compared to that in adjacent normal lung tissues. ALKBH4 knockdown significantly induced the downregulation of NSCLC cell proliferation via cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase of in vivo tumour growth. ALKBH4 knockdown downregulated E2F transcription factor 1 (E2F1) and its target gene expression in NSCLC cells. ALKBH4 and E2F1 expression was significantly correlated in NSCLC clinical specimens. Moreover, patients with high ALKBH4 expression showed a poor prognosis, suggesting that ALKBH4 plays a pivotal tumour-promoting role in NSCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Jingushi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Masaya Aoki
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Ueda
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kogaki
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masaya Tanimoto
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuya Monoe
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masayuki Ando
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takuya Matsumoto
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kentaro Minami
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Yuko Ueda
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kaori Kitae
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Hase
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Nagata
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan
| | - Aya Harada-Takeda
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan
| | - Masatatsu Yamamoto
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Kohichi Kawahara
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Tabata
- Human Pathology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima City, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Furukawa
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Masami Sato
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan
| | - Kazutake Tsujikawa
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Tiliroside as a CAXII inhibitor suppresses liver cancer development and modulates E2Fs/Caspase-3 axis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8626. [PMID: 33883691 PMCID: PMC8060393 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88133-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is the fatal cause of cancer deaths worldwide due to its aggressiveness and lack of effective therapies. Tiliroside (C30H26O13) is an active compound extracted from herb plant Tribulus terrestris L., which has been used as alternative therapy in clinic practice. However, its therapeutic use against liver cancer has not been previously reported. Here, we showed that Tiliroside exerted significantly higher anti-proliferation effect on liver cancer cell lines Hep3B and SNU-449 than on liver normal cell THLE-3 cells or NC group, respectively, by using MTS assay. Results from colony formation, immigration and invasion assays support the anticancer efficacy of Tiliroside and its low-toxic property while treating liver normal cell THLE-3. 3D spheroid formation and CD133 expression level also displays its anti-stemness effect. It has been showed that Tiliroside may function as Carbonic anhydrases XII (CAXII) inhibitor and affects apoptotic E2F1/E2F3/Caspase-3 axis by using CAXII esterase activity assay, Human carbonic anhydrase 12 (CA-12) ELISA Kit, quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) as well as CaspACE Assay System, respectively. In summary, we demonstrate for the first time that Tiliroside suppresses liver cancer development possibly by acting as a novel CAXII inhibitor, which warrant further investigation on its therapeutic implications.
Collapse
|
10
|
Wu L, Wan S, Li J, Xu Y, Lou X, Sun M, Wang S. Expression and prognostic value of E2F3 transcription factor in non-small cell lung cancer. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:411. [PMID: 33841572 PMCID: PMC8020386 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
E2F transcription factor 3 (E2F3) plays a vital role in the development of various types of cancer. To verify whether E2F3 is a suitable biomarker for the prognosis of lung cancer, bioinformatics analysis was performed to determine the differential expression level of E2F3 in lung cancer and the surrounding non-tumor tissues, and the results were confirmed in a NSCLC cell line and a tissue microarray (TMA). The relevance of E2F3 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) was investigated in 19 studies from the Oncomine database and confirmed in The Cancer Genome Atlas database. In the lung cancer cell line A549, the inhibition of E2F3 mRNA expression level led to decreased tumor cell viability and cell migration, which was determined by a Cell Counting Kit-8 and wound healing assays, respectively. Immunohistochemistry analyses of E2F3, Bcl-2, Bax and caspase-3 were performed in the NSCLC TMA (n=50). The assessment of TMA detected the increase of E2F3 protein expression level in the tumor tissues, as compared with that in the non-tumor tissues, which was also correlated with the increase in expression of Bcl-2 in tumors. Analysis of the clinical data from patients with NSCLC revealed that the overexpression of E2F3 was associated with early lymphatic spreading, and poor patient survival time. The OncomiR website was used to predict the E2F3 upstream microRNAs and determine their prognostic value in patients with NSCLC. The results from the present study revealed that E2F3 was overexpressed at both the transcriptional and translational levels in NSCLC tissues, as compared with that in non-tumor tissues. The overexpression of E2F3 was associated with the upregulation of the anti-apoptotic factor, Bcl-2, which may contribute to uncontrolled tumor growth. Thus, E2F3 was shown to have important oncogenic properties in the development of NSCLC, and it may become a potential biomarker for patients with NSCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wu
- Department of Pathology, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China
| | - Shan Wan
- Department of Pathology, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China
| | - Jinfan Li
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China.,Department of Collaborative Innovation Center of Clinical Immunology between Soochow University and Sihong People's Hospital, Sihong, Jiangsu 223900, P.R. China
| | - Yiying Xu
- Department of Pathology, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoli Lou
- Department of Pathology, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China
| | - Maomin Sun
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Soochow University School of Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China
| | - Shouli Wang
- Department of Pathology, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China.,Department of Collaborative Innovation Center of Clinical Immunology between Soochow University and Sihong People's Hospital, Sihong, Jiangsu 223900, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chen J, Song Y, Li M, Zhang Y, Lin T, Sun J, Wang D, Liu Y, Guo J, Yu W. Comprehensive analysis of ceRNA networks reveals prognostic lncRNAs related to immune infiltration in colorectal cancer. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:255. [PMID: 33750326 PMCID: PMC7941714 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-07995-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) represents a class of RNAs (e.g., long noncoding RNAs [lncRNAs]) with microRNA (miRNA) binding sites, which can competitively bind miRNA and inhibit its regulation of target genes. Increasing evidence has underscored the involvement of dysregulated ceRNA networks in the occurrence and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). The purpose of this study was to construct a ceRNA network related to the prognosis of CRC and further explore the potential mechanisms that affect this prognosis. METHODS RNA-Seq and miRNA-Seq data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were used to identify differentially expressed lncRNAs (DElncRNAs), microRNAs (DEmiRNAs), and mRNAs (DEmRNAs), and a prognosis-related ceRNA network was constructed based on DElncRNA survival analysis. Subsequently, pathway enrichment, Pearson correlation, and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) were performed to determine the function of the genes in the ceRNA network. Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were also used to validate differential gene expression. Finally, the correlation between lncRNA and immune cell infiltration in the tumor microenvironment was evaluated based on the CIBERSORT algorithm. RESULTS A prognostic ceRNA network was constructed with eleven key survival-related DElncRNAs (MIR4435-2HG, NKILA, AFAP1-AS1, ELFN1-AS1, AC005520.2, AC245884.8, AL354836.1, AL355987.4, AL591845.1, LINC02038, and AC104823.1), 54 DEmiRNAs, and 308 DEmRNAs. The MIR4435-2HG- and ELFN1-AS1-associated ceRNA subnetworks affected and regulated the expression of the COL5A2, LOX, OSBPL3, PLAU, VCAN, SRM, and E2F1 target genes and were found to be related to prognosis and tumor-infiltrating immune cell types. CONCLUSIONS MIR4435-2HG and ELFN1-AS1 are associated with prognosis and tumor-infiltrating immune cell types and could represent potential prognostic biomarkers or therapeutic targets in colorectal carcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Chen
- Department of Central Laboratory & Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, 100044 China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, 100044 China
| | - Yuxuan Song
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052 China
| | - Mei Li
- Department of Central Laboratory & Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, 100044 China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Central Laboratory & Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, 100044 China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, 100044 China
| | - Tingru Lin
- Department of Central Laboratory & Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, 100044 China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, 100044 China
| | - Jie Sun
- Department of Central Laboratory & Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, 100044 China
| | - Di Wang
- Department of Central Laboratory & Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, 100044 China
| | - Yulan Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, 100044 China
| | - Jingzhu Guo
- Department of Paediatrics, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, 100044 China
| | - Weidong Yu
- Department of Central Laboratory & Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, 100044 China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Naorem LD, Pathak E, Muthaiyan M, Venkatesan A. Network-based meta-analysis for the identification of potential target for human anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. Meta Gene 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2020.100690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
|
13
|
Choi EH, Kim KP. E2F1 facilitates DNA break repair by localizing to break sites and enhancing the expression of homologous recombination factors. Exp Mol Med 2019; 51:1-12. [PMID: 31534120 PMCID: PMC6802646 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-019-0307-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The human genome is constantly exposed to both endogenous and exogenous stresses, which can lead to errors in DNA replication and the accumulation of DNA mutations, thereby increasing the risk of cancer development. The transcription factor E2F1 is a key regulator of DNA repair. E2F1 also has defined roles in the replication of many cell cycle-related genes and is highly expressed in cancer cells, and its abundance is strongly associated with poor prognosis in cancers. Studies on colon cancer have demonstrated that the depletion of E2F1 leads to reduced levels of homologous recombination (HR), resulting in interrupted DNA replication and the subsequent accumulation of DNA lesions. Our results demonstrate that the depletion of E2F1 also causes reduced RAD51-mediated DNA repair and diminished cell viability resulting from DNA damage. Furthermore, the extent of RAD51 and RPA colocalization is reduced in response to DNA damage; however, RPA single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) nucleofilament formation is not affected following the depletion of E2F1, implying that ssDNA gaps accumulate when RAD51-mediated DNA gap filling or repair is diminished. Surprisingly, we also demonstrate that E2F1 forms foci with RAD51 or RPA at DNA break sites on damaged DNA. These findings provide evidence of a molecular mechanism underlying the E2F1-mediated regulation of HR activity and predict a fundamental shift in the function of E2F1 from regulating cell division to accelerating tumor development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eui-Hwan Choi
- Department of Life Sciences, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, South Korea
| | - Keun Pil Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Choi RSY, Lai WYX, Lee LTC, Wong WLC, Pei XM, Tsang HF, Leung JJ, Cho WCS, Chu MKM, Wong EYL, Wong SCC. Current and future molecular diagnostics of gastric cancer. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2019; 19:863-874. [PMID: 31448971 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2019.1660645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth most common cancer and confers the second-highest mortality among other cancers. Improving the survival rates of GC patients requires prompt and accurate diagnosis and effective treatment which is often preceded by the poorly understood pathogenic mechanisms. Area covered: This literature review aims to summarize current understanding of genetic and molecular alterations that promote carcinogenesis including (1) activation of oncogenes, (2) overexpression of growth factors, receptors and matrix metalloproteinases, (3) inactivation of tumor suppressor genes, DNA repair genes, and cell adhesion molecules and (4) alterations of cell-cycle regulators that regulate biological characteristics of cancer cells. Moreover, the significance of molecular biomarkers such as micro-RNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and advanced molecular techniques including droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR), quantitative PCR (qPCR) and next-generation sequencing (NGS) are also discussed. Expert opinion: A GC-specific panel of biomarkers based on the NGS or ddPCR has the potential for diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring treatment response in GC patients. Despite the requirements for validation in larger population in clinical studies, race-specific differences in the gene panel have also to be examined by performing the clinical trials in subjects with different races.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Sin-Yu Choi
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Hong Kong , Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Wing Yin Xenia Lai
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Hong Kong , Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Lok Ting Claire Lee
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Hong Kong , Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Wing Lam Christa Wong
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Hong Kong , Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Xiao Meng Pei
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Hong Kong , Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Hin Fung Tsang
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Hong Kong , Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Joel Johnson Leung
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Hong Kong , Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - William Chi Shing Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital , Kowloon , Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Man Kee Maggie Chu
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay , Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Elaine Yue Ling Wong
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Hong Kong , Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Sze Chuen Cesar Wong
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Hong Kong , Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Pei Y, Tang Z, Cai M, Yao Q, Xie B, Zhang X. The E2F3/miR-125a/DKK3 regulatory axis promotes the development and progression of gastric cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2019; 19:212. [PMID: 31423109 PMCID: PMC6693087 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-019-0930-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignant tumours with high mortality and metastasis rates. E2F3, miR-125a and DKK3 have been reported to be involved in various cancer types, but their detailed roles in GC have not been fully understood. Methods A QRT-PCR assay was used to examine the expression of E2F3, miR-125a and DKK3 in metastatic and nonmetastatic GC tissues. DKK3 plasmids, DKK3 shRNA, miR-125a mimic and miR-125a inhibitor were transfected into BGC823 cells to evaluate the biological functions of DKK3 and miR-125a. A scratch wound healing assay and Transwell assay were utilized to determine the migratory and invasive ability of BGC823 cells transfected with the DKK3 plasmids, DKK3 shRNA, miR-125a mimic and miR-125a inhibitor. Moreover, qRT-PCR and WB analysis were used to analyse the mRNA and protein expression levels of metastasis-related genes after proper transfection. The target relationship between miR-125a and the DKK3 mRNA 3′UTR was determined by a dual luciferase reporter assay, while the interaction between E2F3 and miR-125a was analysed by a ChIP assay. Results The clinical data showed that the DKK3 expression level in metastatic GC samples was significantly less than that in nonmetastatic GC samples, whereas the E2F3 and miR-125a expression levels in metastatic GC samples were notably greater than those in nonmetastatic GC samples. Moreover, knockdown of DKK3 and overexpression of miR-125a markedly promoted the migratory and invasive abilities of GC cells. Additionally, the protein and mRNA expression levels of metastasis-related genes, including N-cadherin, Vimentin, MMP2 and MMP9, were markedly decreased in the DKK3 and miR-125a inhibitor groups compared to their control groups and markedly increased in the DKK3 shRNA and miR-125a groups compared with the control group. Finally, a dual luciferase reporter assay and ChIP assay showed that E2F3 binds to the miR-125a promoter and that the DKK3 mRNA 3′UTR is a direct target of miR-125a. Furthermore, analysis of Kaplan–Meier curves also confirmed the regulatory role of E2F3 on miR-125a. Additionally, BGC823 cells transfected with E2F3 plasmids and shRNA downregulated and upregulated the expression of DKK3, respectively. Conclusion Our results suggested that E2F3 might play a tumour-promoting role in the metastasis and progression of GC by regulating the miR-125a/DKK3 axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yihua Pei
- 1Central Laboratory, ZhongShan Hospital XiaMen University, No. 201 Hubin South Road, Xiamen, 361004 Fujian China
| | - Zhiteng Tang
- 2Department of Pathology, ZhongShan Hospital XiaMen University, Xiamen, 361004 Fujian China
| | - Minjing Cai
- 3Department of Center of Clinical Laboratory, ZhongShan Hospital XiaMen University, Xiamen, 361004 Fujian China
| | - Qin Yao
- 1Central Laboratory, ZhongShan Hospital XiaMen University, No. 201 Hubin South Road, Xiamen, 361004 Fujian China
| | - Bozhen Xie
- 4Department of Spine Surgery, ZhongShan Hospital XiaMen University, Xiamen, 361004 Fujian China
| | - Xin Zhang
- 5Department of Rehabilitation, ZhongShan Hospital XiaMen University, Xiamen, 361004 Fujian China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Transcriptional E2F1/2/5/8 as potential targets and transcriptional E2F3/6/7 as new biomarkers for the prognosis of human lung carcinoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 10:973-987. [PMID: 29754146 PMCID: PMC5990399 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
E2F is a group of genes that encode a family of transcription factors (TFs) in higher eukaryotes and participate in cell cycle regulation and DNA synthesis in mammalian cells. Evidence from cell lines, mouse models, and human tissues indicates that TFs are implicated in lung cancer (LC) tumorigenesis. However, the diverse expression patterns and prognostic values of eight E2Fs have yet to be elucidated. In the current study, we examined the transcriptional and survival data of E2Fs in patients with LC from ONCOMINE, GEPIA, Kaplan-Meier Plotter, and cBioPortal databases. We found that the expression levels of E2F1/2/3/5/6/7/8 were higher in lung adenocarcinoma and squamous cell lung carcinoma tissues than in lung tissues, whereas the expression level of E2F4 was lower in the former than in the latter. The expression levels of E2F2/4/5/7/8 were correlated with advanced tumor stage. Survival analysis using the Kaplan-Meier Plotter database revealed that the high transcription levels of E2F1/2/4/5/7/8 were associated with low relapse-free survival (RFS) in all of the patients with LC. Conversely, high E2F3/6 levels predicted high RFS in these patients. This study implied that E2F3/6/7 are potential targets of precision therapy for patients with LC and that E2F1/2/4/5/8 are new biomarkers for the prognosis of LC.
Collapse
|
17
|
Han R, Chen X, Li Y, Zhang S, Li R, Lu L. MicroRNA-34a suppresses aggressiveness of hepatocellular carcinoma by modulating E2F1, E2F3, and Caspase-3. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:2963-2976. [PMID: 31114344 PMCID: PMC6489561 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s202664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Accumulating evidence suggests an antineoplastic role of MicroRNA-34a (miR-34a) in human cancer. However, its precise biological functions stay largely elusive. Purpose: Our study was aimed to investigate the impact of miR-34a on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and its underlying apoptosis related mechanisms in vitro, as well as the association of miR-34a, E2F1 and E2F3 expression with patient survival of HCC using publicly accessed datasets. Methods: The HBV-expressing Hep3B and SNU-449 cell lines with or without enforced expression of miR-34a were in vitro cultured for cell proliferation, colony formation, wound healing, cell invasion, and 3D spheroid formation. Quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) was performed for E2F1, E2F3 expression. Caspase-3 (CASP3) activity was determined using a CaspACETM Assay System. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were used to analyze the associations of miR-34a, E2F1 and E2F3 expression and overall survival in HCC. Meta-analysis was performed to examine the differential expression of E2F1 and E2F3 between primary HCC vs normal tissues. Results: The results in vitro showed that enforced miR-34a expression significantly inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion of both Hep3B and SNU-449. RT-qPCR results demonstrated that miR-34a could significantly suppress E2F1 and E2F3 expression, particularly in SNU-449. CASP3 activity in both Hep3B and SNU-449 increased in miR-34a treatment group. Overexpressed E2F1 and E2F3 were observed in primary HCC vs normal tissues. Survival analyses showed that HCC patients with either high miR-34a, or low E2F1, or low E2F3 expression had better survival than their opposite counterparts, respectively. Conclusion: Our study suggested thatmiR-34a can modulate the expression of E2F1, E2F3, and CASP3 activity, thereby repressing tumor aggressiveness and expediting apoptosis in liver cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Han
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700 People's Republic of China.,Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Xinyi Chen
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700 People's Republic of China
| | - Ya Li
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700 People's Republic of China.,Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Shunjia Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Ruibai Li
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700 People's Republic of China
| | - Lingeng Lu
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520-8034, USA.,Center for Biomedical Data Science, Yale Cancer Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Comprehensive Analysis of the Expression and Prognosis for E2Fs in Human Breast Cancer. Mol Ther 2019; 27:1153-1165. [PMID: 31010740 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2019.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
E2F transcription factors (E2Fs), a group of genes that encode a family of transcription factors, have been identified as being involved in the tumor progression of various cancer types. Increasing experimental evidence indicates that E2Fs are implicated in breast cancer tumorigenesis. However, the diverse expression patterns and prognostic values of eight E2Fs have yet to be analyzed. Herein we investigated the transcriptional and survival data of E2Fs in patients with breast cancer from the Oncomine, Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA), Kaplan-Meier Plotter, and cBioPortal databases. We found that the expression levels of E2F1-3 and 5-8 were higher in breast cancer tissues than in normal breast tissues, whereas the expression level of E2F4 was lower in the former than in the latter. The expression levels of E2F2, 5, 7, and 8 were correlated with advanced tumor stage. Survival analysis using the Kaplan-Meier Plotter database revealed that the high transcription levels of E2F1-3, 5, 7, and 8 were associated with low relapse-free survival in all of the patients with breast cancer. Conversely, high E2F4 and E2F6 levels predicted high relapse-free survival in these patients. This study implied that E2F1-3, 5, 7, and 8 are potential targets of precision therapy for patients with breast cancer and that E2F4 and 6 are new biomarkers for the prognosis of breast cancer.
Collapse
|
19
|
Dosil MA, Navaridas R, Mirantes C, Tarragona J, Eritja N, Felip I, Urdanibia I, Megino C, Domingo M, Santacana M, Gatius S, Piñol C, Barceló C, Maiques O, Macià A, Velasco A, Vaquero M, Matias-Guiu X, Dolcet X. Tumor suppressive function of E2F-1 on PTEN-induced serrated colorectal carcinogenesis. J Pathol 2018; 247:72-85. [DOI: 10.1002/path.5168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Dosil
- Oncologic Pathology Group, Department de Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques, Universitat de Lleida, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova; Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida, IRBLleida; Lleida Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Oncología (CIBERONC); Madrid Spain
| | - Raúl Navaridas
- Oncologic Pathology Group, Department de Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques, Universitat de Lleida, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova; Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida, IRBLleida; Lleida Spain
| | - Cristina Mirantes
- Oncologic Pathology Group, Department de Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques, Universitat de Lleida, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova; Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida, IRBLleida; Lleida Spain
| | - Jordi Tarragona
- Oncologic Pathology Group, Department de Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques, Universitat de Lleida, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova; Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida, IRBLleida; Lleida Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Oncología (CIBERONC); Madrid Spain
| | - Núria Eritja
- Oncologic Pathology Group, Department de Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques, Universitat de Lleida, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova; Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida, IRBLleida; Lleida Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Oncología (CIBERONC); Madrid Spain
| | - Isidre Felip
- Oncologic Pathology Group, Department de Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques, Universitat de Lleida, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova; Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida, IRBLleida; Lleida Spain
| | - Izaskun Urdanibia
- Oncologic Pathology Group, Department de Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques, Universitat de Lleida, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova; Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida, IRBLleida; Lleida Spain
| | - Cristina Megino
- Oncologic Pathology Group, Department de Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques, Universitat de Lleida, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova; Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida, IRBLleida; Lleida Spain
| | - Mónica Domingo
- Oncologic Pathology Group, Department de Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques, Universitat de Lleida, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova; Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida, IRBLleida; Lleida Spain
| | - Maria Santacana
- Oncologic Pathology Group, Department de Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques, Universitat de Lleida, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova; Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida, IRBLleida; Lleida Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Oncología (CIBERONC); Madrid Spain
| | - Sònia Gatius
- Oncologic Pathology Group, Department de Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques, Universitat de Lleida, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova; Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida, IRBLleida; Lleida Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Oncología (CIBERONC); Madrid Spain
| | - Carme Piñol
- Department de Medicina; Universitat de Lleida-Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida); Lleida Spain
| | - Carla Barceló
- Oncologic Pathology Group, Department de Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques, Universitat de Lleida, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova; Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida, IRBLleida; Lleida Spain
| | - Oscar Maiques
- Oncologic Pathology Group, Department de Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques, Universitat de Lleida, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova; Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida, IRBLleida; Lleida Spain
| | - Anna Macià
- Oncologic Pathology Group, Department de Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques, Universitat de Lleida, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova; Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida, IRBLleida; Lleida Spain
| | - Ana Velasco
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Genetics; Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, University of Lleida, IRBLleida; Lleida Spain
| | - Marta Vaquero
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Genetics; Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, University of Lleida, IRBLleida; Lleida Spain
| | - Xavier Matias-Guiu
- Oncologic Pathology Group, Department de Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques, Universitat de Lleida, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova; Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida, IRBLleida; Lleida Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Oncología (CIBERONC); Madrid Spain
| | - Xavier Dolcet
- Oncologic Pathology Group, Department de Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques, Universitat de Lleida, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova; Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida, IRBLleida; Lleida Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Oncología (CIBERONC); Madrid Spain
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Li Y, Huang J, Yang D, Xiang S, Sun J, Li H, Ren G. Expression patterns of E2F transcription factors and their potential prognostic roles in breast cancer. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:9216-9230. [PMID: 29844824 PMCID: PMC5958806 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
E2Fs, as a family of pivotal transcription factors, have been implicated in multiple biological functions in human cancer; however, the expression and prognostic significance of E2Fs in breast cancer remains unknown. In the present study, the mRNA expression patterns of E2Fs in breast cancer were investigated with Oncomine and The Cancer Genome Atlas data. Prognostic values of E2Fs for patients with breast cancer were determined using the Kaplan-Meier plotter database. The results strongly indicated that E2F1, E2F2, E2F3, E2F5, E2F7 and E2F8 were overexpressed in patients with breast cancer, whereas E2F4 and E2F6 exhibited no expression difference between patients with cancer and healthy controls. In survival analyses, elevated E2F1, E2F3, E2F5, E2F7 and E2F8 expression levels were significantly associated with lower overall survival, relapse-free survival (RFS), distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) or post-progression survival for patients with breast cancer. Furthermore, high expression of E2F4 indicated improved RFS but reduced DMFS. Subgroup analyses based on four clinicopathological factors further revealed that E2Fs were associated with the prognosis of patients with breast cancer in an estrogen receptor-, progesterone receptor-, human epidermal growth factor 2- and lymph node status-specific manner. These data indicated that E2Fs may serve as promising biomarkers and therapeutic targets for breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunhai Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China.,Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Pneumology Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Dejuan Yang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China.,Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Shili Xiang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Jiazheng Sun
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Hongzhong Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China.,Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Guosheng Ren
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China.,Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Zhang E, Yin D, Han L, He X, Si X, Chen W, Xia R, Xu T, Gu D, De W, Guo R, Xu Z, Chen J. E2F1-induced upregulation of long noncoding RNA LINC00668 predicts a poor prognosis of gastric cancer and promotes cell proliferation through epigenetically silencing of CKIs. Oncotarget 2018; 7:23212-26. [PMID: 27036039 PMCID: PMC5029621 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been shown to have important regulatory roles in human cancer biology. By utilizing publicly available lncRNAs expression profiling data and integrating analyses, we screened out LINC00668, whose expression is significantly increased and correlated with outcomes in gastric cancer (GC). Further experiments revealed that LINC00668 knockdown significantly repressed proliferation, both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistic investigations showed that LINC00668 was a direct transcriptional target of E2F transcription factor 1 (E2F1). We further demonstrated that LINC00668 was associated with PRC2 and that this association was required for epigenetic repression of cyclin-dependent protein kinase inhibitors (CKIs), including p15, p16, p21, p27 and p57, thus contributing to the regulation of the gastric cancer cell cycle. Our results suggest that E2F1-activated LINC00668, as a cell cycle regulator, enriches the mechanistic link between lncRNA and the E2F1-mediated cell cycle regulation pathway and may serve as a candidate prognostic biomarker and target for new therapies in human gastric cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erbao Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Dandan Yin
- Central Laboratory, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Liang Han
- Department of Oncology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Xuzhou Hospital, College of Medicine, Southeast University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xuezhi He
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xinxin Si
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Wenming Chen
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Rui Xia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Tongpeng Xu
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Dongying Gu
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Wei De
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Renhua Guo
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Zhi Xu
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Jinfei Chen
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Xia G, Wang H, Song Z, Meng Q, Huang X, Huang X. Gambogic acid sensitizes gemcitabine efficacy in pancreatic cancer by reducing the expression of ribonucleotide reductase subunit-M2 (RRM2). JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2017; 36:107. [PMID: 28797284 PMCID: PMC5553806 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-017-0579-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Pancreatic cancer is susceptible to gemcitabine resistance, and patients receive less benefit from gemcitabine chemotherapy. Previous studies report that gambogic acid possesses antineoplastic properties; however, to our knowledge, there have been no specific studies on its effects in pancreatic cancer. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore whether increases the sensitivity of pancreatic cancer to gemcitabine, and determine the synergistic effects of gambogic acid and gemcitabine against pancreatic cancer. Methods The effects of gambogic acid on cell viability, the cell cycle, and apoptosis were assessed using 4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-3,5-diphenylformazan (MTT) and flow cytometry in pancreatic cancer cell lines. Protein expression was detected by western blot analysis and mRNA expression was detected using q-PCR. A xenograft tumor model of pancreatic cancer was used to investigate the synergistic effects of gambogic acid and gemcitabine. Results Gambogic acid effectively inhibited the growth of pancreatic cancer cell lines by inducing S-phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Synergistic activity of gambogic acid combined with gemcitabine was observed in PANC-1 and BxPC-3 cells based on the results of MTT, colony formation, and apoptosis assays. Western blot results demonstrated that gambogic acid sensitized gemcitabine-induced apoptosis by enhancing the expression of cleaved caspase-3, cleaved caspase-9, cleaved-PARP, and Bax, and reducing the expression of Bcl-2. In particular, gambogic acid reduced the expression of the ribonucleotide reductase subunit-M2 (RRM2) protein and mRNA, a trend that correlated with resistance to gemcitabine through inhibition of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)/E2F1 signaling pathway. Treatment with gambogic acid and gemcitabine significantly repressed tumor growth in the xenograft pancreatic cancer model. Immunohistochemistry results demonstrated a downregulation of p-ERK, E2F1, and RRM2 in mice receiving gambogic acid treatment and combination treatment. Conclusions These results demonstrate that gambogic acid sensitizes pancreatic cancer cells to gemcitabine in vitro and in vivo by inhibiting the activation of the ERK/E2F1/RRM2 signaling pathway. The results also indicate that gambogic acid treatment combined with gemcitabine might be a promising chemotherapy strategy for pancreatic cancer. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13046-017-0579-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guanggai Xia
- Department of general surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Rd, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongcheng Wang
- Department of general surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Rd, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziliang Song
- Department of general surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Rd, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingcai Meng
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong-An Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuyan Huang
- Department of general surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Rd, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xinyu Huang
- Department of general surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Rd, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Lopes-Ramos CM, Barros BP, Koyama FC, Carpinetti PA, Pezuk J, Doimo NTS, Habr-Gama A, Perez RO, Parmigiani RB. E2F1 somatic mutation within miRNA target site impairs gene regulation in colorectal cancer. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181153. [PMID: 28704519 PMCID: PMC5509303 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Genetic studies have largely concentrated on the impact of somatic mutations found in coding regions, and have neglected mutations outside of these. However, 3’ untranslated regions (3' UTR) mutations can also disrupt or create miRNA target sites, and trigger oncogene activation or tumor suppressor inactivation. Methods We used next-generation sequencing to widely screen for genetic alterations within predicted miRNA target sites of oncogenes associated with colorectal cancer, and evaluated the functional impact of a new somatic mutation. Target sequencing of 47 genes was performed for 29 primary colorectal tumor samples. For 71 independent samples, Sanger methodology was used to screen for E2F1 mutations in miRNA predicted target sites, and the functional impact of these mutations was evaluated by luciferase reporter assays. Results We identified germline and somatic alterations in E2F1. Of the 100 samples evaluated, 3 had germline alterations at the MIR205-5p target site, while one had a somatic mutation at MIR136-5p target site. E2F1 gene expression was similar between normal and tumor tissues bearing the germline alteration; however, expression was increased 4-fold in tumor tissue that harbored a somatic mutation compared to that in normal tissue. Luciferase reporter assays revealed both germline and somatic alterations increased E2F1 activity relative to wild-type E2F1. Conclusions We demonstrated that somatic mutation within E2F1:MIR136-5p target site impairs miRNA-mediated regulation and leads to increased gene activity. We conclude that somatic mutations that disrupt miRNA target sites have the potential to impact gene regulation, highlighting an important mechanism of oncogene activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Bruna P. Barros
- Centro de Oncologia Molecular, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda C. Koyama
- Centro de Oncologia Molecular, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Julia Pezuk
- Centro de Oncologia Molecular, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nayara T. S. Doimo
- Centro de Oncologia Molecular, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Angelita Habr-Gama
- Angelita & Joaquim Gama Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
- University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo O. Perez
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, São Paulo, Brazil
- Angelita & Joaquim Gama Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
- University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Li M, Song LH, Yue GGL, Lee JKM, Zhao LM, Li L, Zhou X, Tsui SKW, Ng SSM, Fung KP, Tan NH, Lau CBS. Bigelovin triggered apoptosis in colorectal cancer in vitro and in vivo via upregulating death receptor 5 and reactive oxidative species. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42176. [PMID: 28181527 PMCID: PMC5299840 DOI: 10.1038/srep42176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most prevalent cancer and the third highest cancer-related mortality in the United States. Bigelovin, a sesquiterpene lactone isolated from Inula helianthus aquatica, has been proven to induce apoptosis and exhibit anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic activities. However, the effects of bigelovin on CRC and underlying mechanisms have not been explored. The present study demonstrated that bigelovin exhibited potent anti-tumor activities against CRC in vitro and in vivo. Bigelovin suppressed cell proliferation and colony formation and induced apoptosis in human colorectal cancer HT-29 and HCT 116 cells in vitro. Results also revealed that bigelovin activated caspases, caused the G2/M cell cycle arrest and induced DNA damage through up-regulation of death receptor (DR) 5 and increase of ROS. In HCT 116 xenograft model, bigelovin treatment resulted in suppression of tumor growth. Bigelovin at 20 mg/kg showed more significant tumor suppression and less side effects than conventional FOLFOX (containing folinic acid, 5-fluorouracil and oxaliplatin) treatment. In addition, in vivo data confirmed that anti-tumor activity of bigelovin in CRC was through induction of apoptosis by up-regulating DR5 and increasing ROS. In conclusion, these results strongly suggested that bigelovin has potential to be developed as therapeutic agent for CRC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Li
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin New Territories, Hong Kong
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Li-Hua Song
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Grace Gar-Lee Yue
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin New Territories, Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China (CUHK), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Julia Kin-Ming Lee
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin New Territories, Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China (CUHK), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Li-Mei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Xunian Zhou
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin New Territories, Hong Kong
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Stephen Kwok-Wing Tsui
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Simon Siu-Man Ng
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Kwok-Pui Fung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin New Territories, Hong Kong
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin New Territories, Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China (CUHK), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Ning-Hua Tan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Clara Bik-San Lau
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin New Territories, Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China (CUHK), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin New Territories, Hong Kong
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Gao Z, Shi R, Yuan K, Wang Y. Expression and prognostic value of E2F activators in NSCLC and subtypes: a research based on bioinformatics analysis. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:14979-14987. [PMID: 27655285 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5389-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
E2F activators (E2F1-3) codify a family of transcription factors (TFs) in higher eukaryotes. E2F activators are involved in the cell cycle regulation and synthesis of DNA in mammalian cells, and their overexpression has been detected in many human cancers. However, their clinical significance has not been deeply researched in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and bioinformatics analysis has never been reported to explore their clinical role in NSCLC. In the current study, we investigated the expression and prognostic value of E2F activators in NSCLC patients through the "TCGA datasets" and the "Kaplan-Meier plotter" (KM plotter) database. Hazard ratio (HR), 95 % confidence intervals, and log-rank P were calculated. Compared with normal tissue samples, E2F activators were overexpressed in NSCLC tissues, in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) tissues, and in lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) tissues. In NSCLC patients, E2F1 expression was significantly correlated with age, sex, and tumor stage. E2F2 expression was found to be significantly correlated with sex and tumor size. We further demonstrated that E2F1 and E2F2 overexpressions were significantly associated with poor prognosis. In LUAD patients, E2F1 expression was significantly correlated with tumor size and tumor stage. E2F2 expression was significantly correlated with lymph node status and tumor stage. E2F1 and E2F2 overexpression showed a significant association with poor prognosis, while E2F3 overexpression was significantly correlated to better prognosis. In LUSC patients, E2F1 was concluded to be significantly correlated with tumor stage. However, E2F activators were not found to be correlated to prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaojia Gao
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Changzhou NO. 2 People's Hospital affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, 213003, China
| | - Run Shi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Kai Yuan
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Changzhou NO. 2 People's Hospital affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, 213003, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Changzhou NO. 2 People's Hospital affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, 213003, China.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Fang Z, Gong C, Liu H, Zhang X, Mei L, Song M, Qiu L, Luo S, Zhu Z, Zhang R, Gu H, Chen X. E2F1 promote the aggressiveness of human colorectal cancer by activating the ribonucleotide reductase small subunit M2. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 464:407-15. [PMID: 26093293 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.06.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
As the ribonucleotide reductase small subunit, the high expression of ribonucleotide reductase small subunit M2 (RRM2) induces cancer and contributes to tumor growth and invasion. In several colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines, we found that the expression levels of RRM2 were closely related to the transcription factor E2F1. Mechanistic studies were conducted to determine the molecular basis. Ectopic overexpression of E2F1 promoted RRM2 transactivation while knockdown of E2F1 reduced the levels of RRM2 mRNA and protein. To further investigate the roles of RRM2 which was activated by E2F1 in CRC, CCK-8 assay and EdU incorporation assay were performed. Overexpression of E2F1 promoted cell proliferation in CRC cells, which was blocked by RRM2 knockdown attenuation. In the migration and invasion tests, overexpression of E2F1 enhanced the migration and invasion of CRC cells which was abrogated by silencing RRM2. Besides, overexpression of RRM2 reversed the effects of E2F1 knockdown partially in CRC cells. Examination of clinical CRC specimens demonstrated that both RRM2 and E2F1 were elevated in most cancer tissues compared to the paired normal tissues. Further analysis showed that the protein expression levels of E2F1 and RRM2 were parallel with each other and positively correlated with lymph node metastasis (LNM), TNM stage and distant metastasis. Consistently, the patients with low E2F1 and RRM2 levels have a better prognosis than those with high levels. Therefore, we suggest that E2F1 can promote CRC proliferation, migration, invasion and metastasis by regulating RRM2 transactivation. Understanding the role of E2F1 in activating RRM2 transcription will help to explain the relationship between E2F1 and RRM2 in CRC and provide a novel predictive marker for diagnosis and prognosis of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zejun Fang
- Sanmen People's Hospital of Zhejiang, Sanmen, Zhejiang, 317100, China
| | - Chaoju Gong
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Zhejiang Normal University - Jinhua People's Hospital Joint Center for Biomedical Research, Jinhua, Zhejiang, 321004, China
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- Sanmen People's Hospital of Zhejiang, Sanmen, Zhejiang, 317100, China
| | - Lingming Mei
- Sanmen People's Hospital of Zhejiang, Sanmen, Zhejiang, 317100, China
| | - Mintao Song
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Lanlan Qiu
- Sanmen People's Hospital of Zhejiang, Sanmen, Zhejiang, 317100, China
| | - Shuchai Luo
- Sanmen People's Hospital of Zhejiang, Sanmen, Zhejiang, 317100, China
| | - Zhihua Zhu
- Sanmen People's Hospital of Zhejiang, Sanmen, Zhejiang, 317100, China
| | - Ronghui Zhang
- Sanmen People's Hospital of Zhejiang, Sanmen, Zhejiang, 317100, China
| | - Hongqian Gu
- Sanmen People's Hospital of Zhejiang, Sanmen, Zhejiang, 317100, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Sanmen People's Hospital of Zhejiang, Sanmen, Zhejiang, 317100, China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Yu Z, Zhang W, Deng F. MicroRNA-577 inhibits gastric cancer growth by targeting E2F transcription factor 3. Oncol Lett 2015; 10:1447-1452. [PMID: 26622688 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence and mortality rates of gastric cancer are one of the highest of all types of cancers. Emerging evidence has demonstrated that altered expression of micro (mi)RNAs may be implicated in the tumorigenesis of numerous types of cancer. Therefore, miRNAs may have potential as important tools in cancer diagnostics and therapeutics. miRNAs regulate the expression of genes involved in mediating cell proliferation and developmental timing, among numerous other processes. Altered expression levels of miRNAs may result in the ability of cells to proliferate aberrantly and migrate. The present study used reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays to analyze miRNA-577 expression in gastric cancer tissues and cell lines, MTT and cell cycle analysis to examine cell proliferation in vitro, and luciferase assays and western blot to investigate miRNA-577's downstream targets. The results demonstrated that miRNA-577 was significantly downregulated in gastric cancer patient samples and cell lines. In addition, miRNA-577 affected an important regulator of E2F transcription factor 3 expression and that altered miRNA-577 expression resulted in the aberrant proliferation of gastric cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhanjiang Yu
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, P.R. China
| | - Fengchun Deng
- Department of Anatomy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Xie X, Bansal N, Shaik T, Kerrigan JE, Minko T, Garbuzenko O, Abali EE, Johnson-Farley N, Banerjee D, Scotto KW, Bertino JR. A novel peptide that inhibits E2F transcription and regresses prostate tumor xenografts. Oncotarget 2015; 5:901-7. [PMID: 24658650 PMCID: PMC4011592 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
E2F-1, a key transcription factor necessary for cell growth, DNA repair and differentiation, is an attractive target for development of useful anticancer drugs in tumors that are E2F "oncogene addicted". A peptide, isolated from phage clones, based on its binding to an E2F-1 consensus sequence, was cytotoxic against a wide range of cancer cell lines. The peptide was coupled to penetratin (PEP) and tested against prostate cancer cell lines, and a fresh sample from a patient with metastatic cancer. As the PEP was found to be relatively unstable in serum, it was encapsulated in PEGylated liposomes for in vivo studies. The peptide was cytotoxic against prostate cell lines and a fresh sample from a patient with metastatic prostate cancer. Treatment of mice bearing the human Du-145 human prostate tumor with the PEP encapsulated in PEGylated liposomes (PL-PEP) caused tumor regression without significant toxicity. The liposome encapsulated PEP has promise as an antitumor agent, alone or in combination with inhibitors of DNA synthesis.
Collapse
|
29
|
Meng P, Ghosh R. Transcription addiction: can we garner the Yin and Yang functions of E2F1 for cancer therapy? Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1360. [PMID: 25101673 PMCID: PMC4454301 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Revised: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Classically, as a transcription factor family, the E2Fs are known to regulate the expression of various genes whose products are involved in a multitude of biological functions, many of which are deregulated in diseases including cancers. E2F is deregulated and hyperactive in most human cancers with context dependent, dichotomous and contradictory roles in almost all cancers. Cancer cells have an insatiable demand for transcription to ensure that gene products are available to sustain various biological processes that support their rapid growth and survival. In this context, cutting-off hyperactivity of transcription factors that support transcription dependence could be a valuable therapeutic strategy. However, one of the greatest challenges of targeting a transcription factor is the global effects on non-cancerous cells given that they control cellular functions in general. Recently, there is growing realization regarding the possibility to target the oncogenic activation of transcription factors to modulate transcription addiction without affecting the normal activity required for cell functions. In this review, we used E2F1 as a prototype transcription factor to address transcription factor activity in cancer cell functions. We focused on melanoma considering that E2F1 executes critical functions in response to UV, an etiological factor of cutaneous melanoma and lies immediately downstream of the CDKN2A/pRb axis, which is frequently deregulated in melanoma. Further, activation of E2F1 in melanomas can also occur independent of loss of CDKN2A. Given its activated status and the ability to transcriptionally control a plethora of genes involved in regulating melanoma development and progression, we review the current literature on its differential role in controlling signaling pathways involved in melanoma as well as therapeutic resistance, and discuss the practical value of weaning melanoma cells from E2F1-mediated transcription dependence for melanoma management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Meng
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - R Ghosh
- 1] Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA [2] Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA [3] Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA [4] Cancer Therapy and Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Georgiadi EC, Dimtsas GS, Vassilakopoulos TP, Pangalis GA, Kittas C, Doussis-Anagnostopoulou IA. Functional p53 can modulate the relationship between E2F-1 expression and tumor kinetics in Hodgkin lymphoma. Leuk Lymphoma 2014; 56:748-54. [DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2014.930850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
31
|
SUZ12 is involved in progression of non-small cell lung cancer by promoting cell proliferation and metastasis. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:6073-82. [PMID: 24633887 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-1804-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The suppressor of zeste-12 protein (SUZ12), a core component of Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), is implicated in transcriptional silencing by generating di- and tri-methylation of lysine 27 on histone H3 (H3K27Me3). Although SUZ12 is known to be of great importance in several human cancer tumorigenesis, limited data are available on the expression profile and functional role of SUZ12 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Here, we determined the expression level of SUZ12 in 40 paired clinical NSCLC tissues and adjacent normal tissues by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The results showed that SUZ12 was anomalously expressed in NSCLC tissues compared to adjacent noncancerous tissues (P<0.05) and was highly correlated to tumor size, lymph node metastasis, and clinical stages (P<0.05). Additionally, siRNA-mediated knockdown of SUZ12 could inhibit tumor cell growth, migration, and invasion, indicating that SUZ12 might function as an oncogene in NSCLC initiation and progression. Furthermore, we found that SUZ12 silencing significantly reduced the expression levels of transcription factor transcription factor E2F1 (E2F1) as well as potential metastasis promoters Rho-associated, coiled-coil-containing protein kinase 1 (ROCK1) and roundabout homolog 1 (ROBO1) through Western blot analysis. Altogether, we provide evidences suggesting that SUZ12 is an oncogene in NSCLC and can regulate NSCLC cells proliferation and metastasis partly via reducing E2F1, ROCK1, and ROBO1. Thus, SUZ12 may represent a new potential diagnostic marker for NSCLC and may be a novel therapeutic target for NSCLC intervention.
Collapse
|
32
|
Yamaguchi K, Yamaguchi R, Takahashi N, Ikenoue T, Fujii T, Shinozaki M, Tsurita G, Hata K, Niida A, Imoto S, Miyano S, Nakamura Y, Furukawa Y. Overexpression of cohesion establishment factor DSCC1 through E2F in colorectal cancer. PLoS One 2014; 9:e85750. [PMID: 24465681 PMCID: PMC3894995 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 11/30/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ctf18-replication factor C complex including Dscc1 (DNA replication and sister chromatid cohesion 1) is implicated in sister chromatid cohesion, DNA replication, and genome stability in S. cerevisiae and C. elegans. We previously performed gene expression profiling in primary colorectal cancer cells in order to identify novel molecular targets for the treatment of colorectal cancer. A feature of the cancer-associated transcriptional signature revealed from this effort is the elevated expression of the proto-oncogene DSCC1. Here, we have interrogated the molecular basis for deviant expression of human DSCC1 in colorectal cancer and its ability to promote survival of cancer cells. Quantitative PCR and immunohistochemical analyses corroborated that the expression level of DSCC1 is elevated in 60-70% of colorectal tumors compared to their matched noncancerous colonic mucosa. An in silico evaluation of the presumptive DSCC1 promoter region for consensus DNA transcriptional regulatory elements revealed a potential role for the E2F family of DNA-binding proteins in controlling DSCC1 expression. RNAi-mediated reduction of E2F1 reduced expression of DSCC1 in colorectal cancer cells. Gain- and loss-of-function experiments demonstrated that DSCC1 is involved in the viability of cancer cells in response to genotoxic stimuli. We reveal that E2F-dependent expression of DSCC1 confers anti-apoptotic properties in colorectal cancer cells, and that its suppression may be a useful option for the treatment of colorectal cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoshi Yamaguchi
- Division of Clinical Genome Research, Advanced Clinical Research Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Rui Yamaguchi
- Laboratory of Sequence Analysis, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norihiko Takahashi
- Division of Clinical Genome Research, Advanced Clinical Research Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuneo Ikenoue
- Division of Clinical Genome Research, Advanced Clinical Research Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Fujii
- Division of Clinical Genome Research, Advanced Clinical Research Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaru Shinozaki
- Department of Surgery, Research Hospital, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Giichiro Tsurita
- Department of Surgery, Research Hospital, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Hata
- Department of Surgery, Research Hospital, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Niida
- Laboratory of DNA Information Analysis, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiya Imoto
- Laboratory of DNA Information Analysis, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoru Miyano
- Laboratory of Sequence Analysis, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory of DNA Information Analysis, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Nakamura
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoichi Furukawa
- Division of Clinical Genome Research, Advanced Clinical Research Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Selective roles of E2Fs for ErbB2- and Myc-mediated mammary tumorigenesis. Oncogene 2013; 34:119-28. [PMID: 24276244 PMCID: PMC4032808 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Revised: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that cyclin D1, an upstream regulator of the Rb/E2F pathway, is an essential component of the ErbB2/Ras (but not the Wnt/Myc) oncogenic pathway in the mammary epithelium. However, the role of specific E2fs for ErbB2/Ras-mediated mammary tumorigenesis remains unknown. Here, we show that in the majority of mouse and human primary mammary carcinomas with ErbB2/HER2 overexpression, E2f3a is up-regulated, raising the possibility that E2F3a is a critical effector of the ErbB2 oncogenic signaling pathway in the mammary gland. We examined the consequence of ablating individual E2fs in mice on ErbB2-triggered mammary tumorigenesis in comparison to a comparable Myc-driven mammary tumor model. We found that loss of E2f1 or E2f3 led to a significant delay in tumor onset in both oncogenic models, whereas loss of E2f2 accelerated mammary tumorigenesis driven by Myc-overexpression. Furthermore, southern blot analysis of final tumors derived from conditionally deleted E2f3(-/loxP) mammary glands revealed that there is a selection against E2f3(-/-) cells from developing mammary carcinomas, and that such selection pressure is higher in the presence of ErbB2 activation than in the presence of Myc activation. Taken together, our data suggest oncogenic activities of E2F1 and E2F3 in ErbB2- or Myc-triggered mammary tumorigenesis, and a tumor suppressor role of E2F2 in Myc-mediated mammary tumorigenesis.
Collapse
|
34
|
Liu JL, Zeng GZ, Liu XL, Liu YQ, Hu ZG, Liu Y, Tan NH, Zhou GB. Small compound bigelovin exerts inhibitory effects and triggers proteolysis of E2F1 in multiple myeloma cells. Cancer Sci 2013; 104:1697-704. [PMID: 24118350 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Revised: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a currently incurable blood cancer. Here we tested the effects of a small compound bigelovin on MM cells, and reported that it caused cell cycle arrest and subsequently induced apoptosis. Bigelovin triggered proteolysis of E2F1, which could be inhibited by caspase inhibitor. To investigate the clinical relevance, the expression of E2F1 in MM specimens was tested, and the results showed that E2F1 was overexpressed in 25-57% of MM patients and was associated with higher International Staging System (ISS) stage. These results suggest that E2F1 may be important for MM pathogenesis, and bigelovin could serve as a lead compound for the development of E2F1 inhibitor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Lei Liu
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis and Targeted Therapy for Cancer, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health & State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Wu LC, Wen ZS, Qiu YT, Chen XQ, Chen HB, Wei MM, Liu Z, Jiang S, Zhou GB. Largazole Arrests Cell Cycle at G1 Phase and Triggers Proteasomal Degradation of E2F1 in Lung Cancer Cells. ACS Med Chem Lett 2013; 4:921-6. [PMID: 24900585 DOI: 10.1021/ml400093y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberration in cell cycle has been shown to be a common occurrence in lung cancer, and cell cycle inhibitor represents an effective therapeutic strategy. In this study, we test the effects of a natural macrocyclic depsipeptide largazole on lung cancer cells and report that this compound potently inhibits the proliferation and clonogenic activity of lung cancer cells but not normal bronchial epithelial cells. Largazole arrests cell cycle at G1 phase with up-regulation of the expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21. Interestingly, largazole enhances the E2F1-HDAC1 binding affinity and induces a proteasomal degradation of E2F1, leading to suppression of E2F1 function in lung cancer but not normal bronchial epithelial cells. Because E2F1 is overexpressed in lung cancer tumor samples, these data indicate that largazole is an E2F1-targeting cell cycle inhibitor, which bears therapeutic potentials for this malignant neoplasm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Chuan Wu
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis
and Targeted Therapy for Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane
and Membrane Biotechnology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049,
China
| | - Zhe-Sheng Wen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery,
The Cancer Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Ya-Tao Qiu
- Guangzhou Institute
of Biomedicine
and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Xiao-Qin Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery,
The Cancer Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Hao-Bin Chen
- Department of Pathology, The First People’s Hospital of Qu Jing, Qu Jing,
Yuannan Province 655000, China
| | - Ming-Ming Wei
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis
and Targeted Therapy for Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane
and Membrane Biotechnology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049,
China
| | - Zi Liu
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis
and Targeted Therapy for Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane
and Membrane Biotechnology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049,
China
| | - Sheng Jiang
- Guangzhou Institute
of Biomedicine
and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Guang-Biao Zhou
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis
and Targeted Therapy for Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane
and Membrane Biotechnology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Combination of E2F-1 promoter-regulated oncolytic adenovirus and cytokine-induced killer cells enhances the antitumor effects in an orthotopic rectal cancer model. Tumour Biol 2013; 35:1113-22. [PMID: 24037896 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-1149-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the anatomical structure of the rectum, the treatment of rectal cancer remains challenging. Ad-E2F, an oncolytic adenovirus containing the E2F-1 promoter, can selectively replicate within and kill cancer cells derived from solid tumors. Thus, this virus provides a novel approach for the treatment of rectal cancer. Given the poor efficacy and possible adverse reactions that arise from the use of oncolytic virus alone and the results of our analysis of the efficacy of Ad-E2F in the treatment of rectal cancer, we investigated the use of oncolytic adenovirus in combination with adoptive immunotherapy using cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells as a therapeutic treatment for rectal cancer. Our results illustrated that E2F-1 gene expression is higher in rectal cancer tissue than in normal tissue. Furthermore, the designed oncolytic adenovirus Ad-E2F is capable of selectively killing colorectal cell lines but has no significant effect on CIK cells. The results of in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that combined therapy with Ad-E2F and CIK cells produce stronger antitumor effects than the administration of Ad-E2F or CIK cells alone. For low rectal cancers that are suitable for intratumoral injection, local injections of oncolytic viruses in combination with CIK cell-based adoptive immunotherapy may be suitable as a novel comprehensive therapeutic approach.
Collapse
|
37
|
Li F, Liu J, Li S. MicorRNA 106b ∼ 25 cluster and gastric cancer. Surg Oncol 2013; 22:e7-10. [PMID: 23510949 DOI: 10.1016/j.suronc.2013.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2012] [Revised: 01/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Conventional strategies for the early diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer are not yet satisfactory, and it calls for better diagnosis and treatments based on a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms. It has been revealed that the number of verified human microRNA (miRNA) expression contribute to the initiation and progression of cancer. Among them, miR-106b ∼ 25 cluster is of particular interest. The miRNA-106b ∼ 25 cluster is composed of the highly conserved miRNA-106b, miRNA-93 and miRNA-25. The miRNA-106b ∼ 25 polycistron exerted potential proliferative, anti-apoptotic and cell cycle-promoting effects on cancer cells. Over-expression of the miRNA-106b ∼ 25 cluster is known to overcome TGF-beta mediated growth suppression via targeting p21 and Bim. This cluster can additionally target the inhibitory Smad7 protein and increase TGF-beta RI which is sufficient to induce epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). MiRNA-93 can promote angiogenesis. The tumor suppressor genes RB and PTEN are the direct targets of miRNA-106b ∼ 25. Especially, miRNA-106b ∼ 25 clusters play an important role in oncogenesis of gastric cancer. Focus on the essential role in tumorgenisis and extremely low expression of miRNA-106b ∼ 25 in normal tissues, it maybe an appropriate target of gastric cancer treatment and a novel biomarkers for detecting gastric cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fangxuan Li
- Cancer Prevention Center, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Huanhuxi Road, Hexi District, Tianjin 300060, China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Maglietta R, Liuzzi VC, Cattaneo E, Laczko E, Piepoli A, Panza A, Carella M, Palumbo O, Staiano T, Buffoli F, Andriulli A, Marra G, Ancona N. Molecular pathways undergoing dramatic transcriptomic changes during tumor development in the human colon. BMC Cancer 2012; 12:608. [PMID: 23253212 PMCID: PMC3541196 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-12-608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2012] [Accepted: 12/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The malignant transformation of precancerous colorectal lesions involves progressive alterations at both the molecular and morphologic levels, the latter consisting of increases in size and in the degree of cellular atypia. Analyzing preinvasive tumors of different sizes can therefore shed light on the sequence of these alterations. METHODS We used a molecular pathway-based approach to analyze transcriptomic profiles of 59 colorectal tumors representing early and late preinvasive stages and the invasive stage of tumorigenesis. Random set analysis was used to identify biological pathways enriched for genes differentially regulated in tumors (compared with 59 samples of normal mucosa). RESULTS Of the 880 canonical pathways we investigated, 112 displayed significant tumor-related upregulation or downregulation at one or more stages of tumorigenesis. This allowed us to distinguish between pathways whose dysregulation is probably necessary throughout tumorigenesis and those whose involvement specifically drives progression from one stage to the next. We were also able to pinpoint specific changes within each gene set that seem to play key roles at each transition. The early preinvasive stage was characterized by cell-cycle checkpoint activation triggered by DNA replication stress and dramatic downregulation of basic transmembrane signaling processes that maintain epithelial/stromal homeostasis in the normal mucosa. In late preinvasive lesions, there was also downregulation of signal transduction pathways (e.g., those mediated by G proteins and nuclear hormone receptors) involved in cell differentiation and upregulation of pathways governing nuclear envelope dynamics and the G2>M transition in the cell cycle. The main features of the invasive stage were activation of the G1>S transition in the cell cycle, upregulated expression of tumor-promoting microenvironmental factors, and profound dysregulation of metabolic pathways (e.g., increased aerobic glycolysis, downregulation of pathways that metabolize drugs and xenobiotics). CONCLUSIONS Our analysis revealed specific pathways whose dysregulation might play a role in each transition of the transformation process. This is the first study in which such an approach has been used to gain further insights into colorectal tumorigenesis. Therefore, these data provide a launchpad for further exploration of the molecular characterization of colorectal tumorigenesis using systems biology approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosalia Maglietta
- Istituto di Studi sui Sistemi Intelligenti per l'Automazione - CNR, Via Amendola 122/D-I, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Korah J, Falah N, Lacerte A, Lebrun JJ. A transcriptionally active pRb-E2F1-P/CAF signaling pathway is central to TGFβ-mediated apoptosis. Cell Death Dis 2012; 3:e407. [PMID: 23059826 PMCID: PMC3481134 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2012.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) modulates the expression of multiple apoptotic target genes; however, a common and central signaling pathway, acting downstream of TGFβ and leading to cell death, has yet to be uncovered. Here, we show that TGFβ-induced apoptosis in cancer cells requires the transcription factor E2F1 (E2 promoter-binding factor 1). Using the E2F1 knockout mouse model, we also found E2F1 to be required for TGFβ-mediated apoptosis in normal cells. Moreover, we found TGFβ to increase E2F1 protein stability, acting at the post-translational level. We further investigated the molecular mechanisms by which E2F1 contributes to TGFβ-mediated apoptosis and found that TGFβ treatment led to the formation of a transcriptionally active E2F1–pRb–P/CAF complex on multiple TGFβ pro-apoptotic target gene promoters, thereby activating their transcription. Together, our findings define a novel process of gene activation by the TGFβ-E2F1 signaling axis and highlight E2F1 as a central mediator of the TGFβ apoptotic program.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Korah
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Chen YL, Uen YH, Li CF, Horng KC, Chen LR, Wu WR, Tseng HY, Huang HY, Wu LC, Shiue YL. The E2F transcription factor 1 transactives stathmin 1 in hepatocellular carcinoma. Ann Surg Oncol 2012; 20:4041-54. [PMID: 22911364 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-012-2519-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Through data mining the Stanford Microarray Database, the stathmin 1 (STMN1) transcript was found to be frequently upregulated in the hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with low alpha-fetoprotein level. The molecular mechanism of STMN1 upregulation in HCCs remained unclear. METHODS Quantitative RT-PCR, immunoblotting, immunohistochemistry, and transfection of expression or small hairpin RNA interference plasmids, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), and quantitative ChIP assays were performed in HCC specimens or 2 distinct HCC-derived cell lines. Dual luciferase assay and site-directed mutagenesis were applied to analyze the activities of STMN1 proximal promoter region. RESULTS STMN1 mRNA and proteins were significantly associated with several clinicopathological features. High STMN1 or E2F1 immunoexpression was predictive of poor overall survival (OS) rate (P < .01). In HCC-derived cell lines, E2F1 was elevated before STMN1 mRNA during the cell cycle. Exogenous expression of E2F1 or both transcription factor DP-1 (TFDP1) and E2F1 genes induced E2F1 and STMN1 mRNA (P < .01). Knockdown of the E2F1 gene suppressed E2F1 and STMN1 mRNA and E2F1 and STMN1 protein levels (P < .05). The promoter activity of STMN1 gene increased with overexpression of both E2F1 and TFDP1 genes (P < .05); however, it decreased when mutations were introduced in the E2F1-binding sites (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS Upregulation of E2F1 and STMN1 proteins associate with worse outcomes in patients with HCC. E2F1 significantly correlates with STMN1 protein level in HCC lesions and in vitro transactivation assays, suggesting that STMN1 gene is transactivated by the E2F1 protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ling Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Science, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Zhou J, Chen GB, Tang YC, Sinha RA, Wu Y, Yap CS, Wang G, Hu J, Xia X, Tan P, Goh LK, Yen PM. Genetic and bioinformatic analyses of the expression and function of PI3K regulatory subunit PIK3R3 in an Asian patient gastric cancer library. BMC Med Genomics 2012; 5:34. [PMID: 22876838 PMCID: PMC3479415 DOI: 10.1186/1755-8794-5-34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2011] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background While there is strong evidence for phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) involvement in cancer development, there is limited information about the role of PI3K regulatory subunits. PIK3R3, the gene that encodes the PI3K regulatory subunit p55γ, is over-expressed in glioblastoma and ovarian cancers, but its expression in gastric cancer (GC) is not known. We thus used genetic and bioinformatic approaches to examine PIK3R3 expression and function in GC, the second leading cause of cancer mortality world-wide and highly prevalent among Asians. Methods Primary GC and matched non-neoplastic mucosa tissue specimens from a unique Asian patient gastric cancer library were comprehensively profiled with platforms that measured genome-wide mRNA expression, DNA copy number variation, and DNA methylation status. Function of PIK3R3 was predicted by IPA pathway analysis of co-regulated genes with PIK3R3, and further investigated by siRNA knockdown studies. Cell proliferation was estimated by crystal violet dye elution and BrdU incorporation assay. Cell cycle distribution was analysed by FACS. Results PIK3R3 was significantly up-regulated in GC specimens (n = 126, p < 0.05), and 9.5 to 15% tumors showed more than 2 fold increase compare to the paired mucosa tissues. IPA pathway analysis showed that PIK3R3 promoted cellular growth and proliferation. Knockdown of PIK3R3 decreased the growth of GC cells, induced G0/G1 cell cycle arrest, decreased retinoblastoma protein (Rb) phosphorylation, cyclin D1, and PCNA expression. Conclusion Using a combination of genetic, bioinformatic, and molecular biological approaches, we showed that PIK3R3 was up-regulated in GC and promoted cell cycle progression and proliferation; and thus may be a potential new therapeutic target for GC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhou
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulation, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Abstract
Overwhelming experimental evidence accumulated over the past decade indicates that microRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators of gene expression in animals and plants and play important roles in development, homeostasis, and disease. The miR-17-92 family of miRNA clusters is composed of 3 related, highly conserved, polycistronic miRNA genes that collectively encode for a total of 15 miRNAs. We discuss recent studies demonstrating that these miRNAs are essential for vertebrate development and homeostasis. We also show how their mutation or deregulation contributes to the pathogenesis of a variety of human diseases, including cancer and congenital developmental defects. Finally, we discuss the current evidence suggesting how the different miRNAs encoded by these 3 clusters can functionally cooperate to fine-tune signaling and developmental pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carla P. Concepcion
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Cancer Biology and Genetics Program 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065
| | - Ciro Bonetti
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Cancer Biology and Genetics Program 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065
| | - Andrea Ventura
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Cancer Biology and Genetics Program 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Yasui W, Sentani K, Sakamoto N, Anami K, Naito Y, Oue N. Molecular pathology of gastric cancer: research and practice. Pathol Res Pract 2011; 207:608-12. [PMID: 22005013 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2011.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in the understanding of molecular stomach carcinogenesis are reviewed. As to molecular events in individual mucin phenotypes of gastric cancer, the CDX2-Reg IV-SOX9 pathway is associated with the intestinal mucin phenotype, while OLFM4 and CLDN18 are novel markers for the gastric phenotype. microRNAs play an important role in epigenetic deregulation in gastric cancer. Many microRNAs are up-regulated and down-regulated, and some of these are associated with histological differentiation and cancer progression. Reduced miR-200 may participate in the genesis of diffuse type gastric cancer by reducing E-cadherin expression. Genetic polymorphism is a crucial endogenous cause and a fundamental factor of cancer risk. PSCA polymorphism alters the susceptibility to diffuse type gastric cancer through modulation of cell proliferation activity. Cancer stem cells possess the capacity for self-renewal and cause the heterogeneous lineages of cancer cells. Cancer stem cells also show resistance to anti-tumor chemotherapy. Only a minor population of gastric cancer cells reveals the properties of cancer stem cells, and CD44 is one of the markers for gastric cancer stem cells. The origin of gastric cancer stem cells remains to be elucidated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Yasui
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Tan IB, Ivanova T, Lim KH, Ong CW, Deng N, Lee J, Tan SH, Wu J, Lee MH, Ooi CH, Rha SY, Wong WK, Boussioutas A, Yeoh KG, So J, Yong WP, Tsuburaya A, Grabsch H, Toh HC, Rozen S, Cheong JH, Noh SH, Wan WK, Ajani JA, Lee JS, Tellez MS, Tan P. Intrinsic subtypes of gastric cancer, based on gene expression pattern, predict survival and respond differently to chemotherapy. Gastroenterology 2011; 141:476-85, 485.e1-11. [PMID: 21684283 PMCID: PMC3152688 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2011.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 259] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2010] [Revised: 03/20/2011] [Accepted: 04/15/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Gastric cancer (GC) is a heterogeneous disease comprising multiple subtypes that have distinct biological properties and effects in patients. We sought to identify new, intrinsic subtypes of GC by gene expression analysis of a large panel of GC cell lines. We tested if these subtypes might be associated with differences in patient survival times and responses to various standard-of-care cytotoxic drugs. METHODS We analyzed gene expression profiles for 37 GC cell lines to identify intrinsic GC subtypes. These subtypes were validated in primary tumors from 521 patients in 4 independent cohorts, where the subtypes were determined by either expression profiling or subtype-specific immunohistochemical markers (LGALS4, CDH17). In vitro sensitivity to 3 chemotherapy drugs (5-fluorouracil, cisplatin, oxaliplatin) was also assessed. RESULTS Unsupervised cell line analysis identified 2 major intrinsic genomic subtypes (G-INT and G-DIF) that had distinct patterns of gene expression. The intrinsic subtypes, but not subtypes based on Lauren's histopathologic classification, were prognostic of survival, based on univariate and multivariate analysis in multiple patient cohorts. The G-INT cell lines were significantly more sensitive to 5-fluorouracil and oxaliplatin, but more resistant to cisplatin, than the G-DIF cell lines. In patients, intrinsic subtypes were associated with survival time following adjuvant, 5-fluorouracil-based therapy. CONCLUSIONS Intrinsic subtypes of GC, based on distinct patterns of expression, are associated with patient survival and response to chemotherapy. Classification of GC based on intrinsic subtypes might be used to determine prognosis and customize therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iain Beehuat Tan
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Pützer BM, Steder M, Alla V. Predicting and preventing melanoma invasiveness: advances in clarifying E2F1 function. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2011; 10:1707-20. [PMID: 21080799 DOI: 10.1586/era.10.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Malignant melanoma of the skin is one of the most aggressive human cancers with increasing incidence, despite efforts to improve primary prevention. In particular, the prognosis of patients at late stages of the disease has not significantly improved in the last three decades, because systemic therapies have proven disappointing. Thus, metastatic melanoma continues to be a daunting clinical problem. The increasingly high rates of lethal outcome associated with advanced melanoma rely on the acquisition of invasiveness, early metastatic dissemination of tumor cells from their primary sites, and generation of chemoresistance as a consequence of alteration of key molecules involved in the regulation of cell survival. Thus far, extensive studies have been conducted to understand the molecular mechanisms that drive tumor progression, but the specific requirements underlying the aggressive behavior are still widely unknown. Understanding the determinants of this process is key to unveiling its dynamics, especially those that promote invasiveness, and may open new routes for the development of therapeutic strategies that control metastatic spread, and eventually the prevention of life-threatening metastases. Here, we review recent advances on molecular aspects, particularly of E2F1 transcription factor function, in the context of patient data, and discuss the implications for targeting melanoma cells when they begin to invade and metastasize.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte M Pützer
- Department of Vectorology and Experimental Gene Therapy, Biomedical Research Center, University of Rostock Medical School, Schillingallee 69, 18057 Rostock, Germany.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Ramana KV, Tammali R, Srivastava SK. Inhibition of aldose reductase prevents growth factor-induced G1-S phase transition through the AKT/phosphoinositide 3-kinase/E2F-1 pathway in human colon cancer cells. Mol Cancer Ther 2010; 9:813-24. [PMID: 20354121 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-09-0795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Colon cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in both men and women worldwide. The deregulated cell cycle control or decreased apoptosis of normal epithelial cells leading to uncontrolled proliferation is one of the major features of tumor progression. We have previously shown that aldose reductase (AR), a NADPH-dependent aldo-keto reductase, has been shown to be involved in growth factor-induced proliferation of colon cancer cells. Herein, we report that inhibition of AR prevents epidermal growth factor (EGF)- and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF)-induced HT29 cell proliferation by accumulating cells at G(1) phase of cell cycle. Similar results were observed in SW480 and HCT-116 colon cancer cells. Treatment of HT29 cells with AR inhibitor, sorbinil or zopolrestat, prevented the EGF- and bFGF-induced DNA binding activity of E2F-1 and phosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein. Inhibition of AR also prevented EGF- and bFGF-induced phosphorylation of cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk)-2 and expression of G(1)-S transition regulatory proteins such as cyclin D1, cdk4, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, cyclin E, and c-myc. More importantly, inhibition of AR prevented the EGF- and bFGF-induced activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase/AKT and reactive oxygen species generation in colon cancer cells. Further, inhibition of AR also prevented the tumor growth of human colon cancer cells in nude mouse xenografts. Collectively, these results show that AR mediates EGF- and bFGF-induced colon cancer cell proliferation by activating or expressing G(1)-S phase proteins such as E2F-1, cdks, and cyclins through the reactive oxygen species/phosphoinositide 3-kinase/AKT pathway, indicating the use of AR inhibitors in the prevention of colon carcinogenesis. Mol Cancer Ther; 9(4); 813-24. (c)2010 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kota V Ramana
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX 77555-0647, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Alla V, Engelmann D, Niemetz A, Pahnke J, Schmidt A, Kunz M, Emmrich S, Steder M, Koczan D, Pützer BM. E2F1 in melanoma progression and metastasis. J Natl Cancer Inst 2009; 102:127-33. [PMID: 20026813 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djp458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastases are responsible for cancer deaths, but the molecular alterations leading to tumor progression are unclear. Overexpression of the E2F1 transcription factor is common in high-grade tumors that are associated with poor patient survival. To investigate the association of enhanced E2F1 activity with aggressive phenotype, we performed a gene-specific silencing approach in a metastatic melanoma model. Knockdown of endogenous E2F1 via E2F1 small hairpin RNA (shRNA) expression increased E-cadherin expression of metastatic SK-Mel-147 melanoma cells and reduced their invasive potential but not their proliferative activity. Although growth rates of SK-Mel-147 and SK-Mel-103 xenograft tumors expressing E2F1 shRNA or control shRNA were similar, mice implanted with cells expressing E2F1 shRNA had a smaller area of metastases per lung than control mice (n = 3 mice per group; 5% vs 46%, difference = 41%, 95% confidence interval = 15% to 67%; P = .01; one-way analysis of variance). We identified epidermal growth factor receptor as a direct target of E2F1 and demonstrated that inhibition of receptor signaling abrogates E2F1-induced invasiveness, emphasizing the importance of the E2F1-epidermal growth factor receptor interaction as a driving force in melanoma progression that may serve as a paradigm for E2F1-induced metastasis in other human cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Alla
- Department of Vectorology and Experimental Gene Therapy, Biomedical Research Center, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
|
49
|
Abstract
Many solid cancers are known to exhibit a high degree of heterogeneity in their deregulation of different oncogenic pathways. We sought to identify major oncogenic pathways in gastric cancer (GC) with significant relationships to patient survival. Using gene expression signatures, we devised an in silico strategy to map patterns of oncogenic pathway activation in 301 primary gastric cancers, the second highest cause of global cancer mortality. We identified three oncogenic pathways (proliferation/stem cell, NF-kappaB, and Wnt/beta-catenin) deregulated in the majority (>70%) of gastric cancers. We functionally validated these pathway predictions in a panel of gastric cancer cell lines. Patient stratification by oncogenic pathway combinations showed reproducible and significant survival differences in multiple cohorts, suggesting that pathway interactions may play an important role in influencing disease behavior. Individual GCs can be successfully taxonomized by oncogenic pathway activity into biologically and clinically relevant subgroups. Predicting pathway activity by expression signatures thus permits the study of multiple cancer-related pathways interacting simultaneously in primary cancers, at a scale not currently achievable by other platforms.
Collapse
|
50
|
Oncogenic pathway combinations predict clinical prognosis in gastric cancer. PLoS Genet 2009; 5:e1000676. [PMID: 19798449 PMCID: PMC2748685 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1000676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 310] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2009] [Accepted: 09/03/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Many solid cancers are known to exhibit a high degree of heterogeneity in their deregulation of different oncogenic pathways. We sought to identify major oncogenic pathways in gastric cancer (GC) with significant relationships to patient survival. Using gene expression signatures, we devised an in silico strategy to map patterns of oncogenic pathway activation in 301 primary gastric cancers, the second highest cause of global cancer mortality. We identified three oncogenic pathways (proliferation/stem cell, NF-κB, and Wnt/β-catenin) deregulated in the majority (>70%) of gastric cancers. We functionally validated these pathway predictions in a panel of gastric cancer cell lines. Patient stratification by oncogenic pathway combinations showed reproducible and significant survival differences in multiple cohorts, suggesting that pathway interactions may play an important role in influencing disease behavior. Individual GCs can be successfully taxonomized by oncogenic pathway activity into biologically and clinically relevant subgroups. Predicting pathway activity by expression signatures thus permits the study of multiple cancer-related pathways interacting simultaneously in primary cancers, at a scale not currently achievable by other platforms. Gastric cancer is the second leading cause of global cancer mortality. With current treatments, less than a quarter of patients survive longer than five years after surgery. Individual gastric cancers are highly disparate in their cellular characteristics and responses to standard chemotherapeutic drugs, making gastric cancer a complex disease. Pathway based approaches, rather than single gene studies, may help to unravel this complexity. Here, we make use of a computational approach to identify connections between molecular pathways and cancer profiles. In a large scale study of more than 300 patients, we identified subgroups of gastric cancers distinguishable by their patterns of driving molecular pathways. We show that these identified subgroups are clinically relevant in predicting survival duration and may prove useful in guiding the choice of targeted therapies designed to interfere with these molecular pathways. We also identified specific gastric cancer cell lines mirroring these pathway subgroups, which should facilitate the pre-clinical assessment of responses to targeted therapies in each subgroup.
Collapse
|