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Tanaka S, Hashimoto K, Kobayashi Y, Yano K, Maeda T, Kameoka H, Ezawa T, Saito K, Akiyama K, Kawaguchi M. Asymbiotic mass production of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Rhizophagus clarus. Commun Biol 2022; 5:43. [PMID: 35022540 PMCID: PMC8755765 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02967-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis is a mutually beneficial interaction between fungi and land plants and promotes global phosphate cycling in terrestrial ecosystems. AM fungi are recognised as obligate symbionts that require root colonisation to complete a life cycle involving the production of propagules, asexual spores. Recently, it has been shown that Rhizophagus irregularis can produce infection-competent secondary spores asymbiotically by adding a fatty acid, palmitoleic acid. Furthermore, asymbiotic growth can be supported using myristate as a carbon and energy source for their asymbiotic growth to increase fungal biomass. However, the spore production and the ability of these spores to colonise host roots were still limited compared to the co-culture of the fungus with plant roots. Here we show that a combination of two plant hormones, strigolactone and jasmonate, induces the production of a large number of infection-competent spores in asymbiotic cultures of Rhizophagus clarus HR1 in the presence of myristate and organic nitrogen. Inoculation of asymbiotically-generated spores promoted the growth of host plants, as observed for spores produced by symbiotic culture system. Our findings provide a foundation for the elucidation of hormonal control of the fungal life cycle and the development of inoculum production schemes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachiko Tanaka
- Division of Symbiotic Systems, National Institute for Basic Biology, Nishigonaka 38, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Kayo Hashimoto
- Division of Symbiotic Systems, National Institute for Basic Biology, Nishigonaka 38, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Yuuki Kobayashi
- Division of Symbiotic Systems, National Institute for Basic Biology, Nishigonaka 38, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Koji Yano
- Division of Symbiotic Systems, National Institute for Basic Biology, Nishigonaka 38, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Taro Maeda
- Division of Symbiotic Systems, National Institute for Basic Biology, Nishigonaka 38, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Kakuganji 246-2 Mizukami, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, 997-0052, Japan
| | - Hiromu Kameoka
- Division of Symbiotic Systems, National Institute for Basic Biology, Nishigonaka 38, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Nakaku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiro Ezawa
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita 9, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Katsuharu Saito
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shinshu University, 8304 Minamiminowa, Nagano, 399-4598, Japan
| | - Kohki Akiyama
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Nakaku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Kawaguchi
- Division of Symbiotic Systems, National Institute for Basic Biology, Nishigonaka 38, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan.
- Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Nishigonaka 38, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan.
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Wang JH, Tseng CL, Lin FL, Chen J, Hsieh EH, Lama S, Chuang YF, Kumar S, Zhu L, McGuinness MB, Hernandez J, Tu L, Wang PY, Liu GS. Topical application of TAK1 inhibitor encapsulated by gelatin particle alleviates corneal neovascularization. Theranostics 2022; 12:657-674. [PMID: 34976206 PMCID: PMC8692906 DOI: 10.7150/thno.65098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Corneal neovascularization (CoNV) is a severe complication of various types of corneal diseases, that leads to permanent visual impairment. Current treatments for CoNV, such as steroids or anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents, are argued over their therapeutic efficacy and adverse effects. Here, we demonstrate that transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of CoNV. Methods: Angiogenic activities were assessed in ex vivo and in vitro models subjected to TAK1 inhibition by 5Z-7-oxozeaenol, a selective inhibitor of TAK1. RNA-Seq was used to examine pathways that could be potentially affected by TAK1 inhibition. A gelatin-nanoparticles-encapsulated 5Z-7-oxozeaenol was developed as the eyedrop to treat CoNV in a rodent model. Results: We showed that 5Z-7-oxozeaenol reduced angiogenic processes through impeding cell proliferation. Transcriptome analysis suggested 5Z-7-oxozeaenol principally suppresses cell cycle and DNA replication, thereby restraining cell proliferation. In addition, inhibition of TAK1 by 5Z-7-oxozeaenol blocked TNFα-mediated NFκB signalling, and its downstream genes related to angiogenesis and inflammation. 5Z-7-oxozeaenol also ameliorated pro-angiogenic activity, including endothelial migration and tube formation. Furthermore, topical administration of the gelatin-nanoparticles-encapsulated 5Z-7-oxozeaenol led to significantly greater suppression of CoNV in a mouse model compared to the free form of 5Z-7-oxozeaenol, likely due to extended retention of 5Z-7-oxozeaenol in the cornea. Conclusion: Our study shows the potential of TAK1 as a therapeutic target for pathological angiogenesis, and the gelatin nanoparticle coupled with 5Z-7-oxozeaenol as a promising new eyedrop administration model in treatment of CoNV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Hui Wang
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ching-Li Tseng
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fan-Li Lin
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials and Cellular Immunomodulation, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jinying Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Erh-Hsuan Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Suraj Lama
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Yu-Fan Chuang
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials and Cellular Immunomodulation, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Satheesh Kumar
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Linxin Zhu
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Myra B. McGuinness
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jessika Hernandez
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Leilei Tu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng-Yuan Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials and Cellular Immunomodulation, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guei-Sheung Liu
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Australia
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
- Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, East Melbourne, Australia
- Aier Eye Institute, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Friebel J, Moritz E, Witkowski M, Jakobs K, Strässler E, Dörner A, Steffens D, Puccini M, Lammel S, Glauben R, Nowak F, Kränkel N, Haghikia A, Moos V, Schutheiss HP, Felix SB, Landmesser U, Rauch BH, Rauch U. Pleiotropic Effects of the Protease-Activated Receptor 1 (PAR1) Inhibitor, Vorapaxar, on Atherosclerosis and Vascular Inflammation. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123517. [PMID: 34944024 PMCID: PMC8700178 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR1) and toll-like receptors (TLRs) are inflammatory mediators contributing to atherogenesis and atherothrombosis. Vorapaxar, which selectively antagonizes PAR1-signaling, is an approved, add-on antiplatelet therapy for secondary prevention. The non-hemostatic, platelet-independent, pleiotropic effects of vorapaxar have not yet been studied. METHODS AND RESULTS Cellular targets of PAR1 signaling in the vasculature were identified in three patient cohorts with atherosclerotic disease. Evaluation of plasma biomarkers (n = 190) and gene expression in endomyocardial biopsies (EMBs) (n = 12) revealed that PAR1 expression correlated with endothelial activation and vascular inflammation. PAR1 colocalized with TLR2/4 in human carotid plaques and was associated with TLR2/4 gene transcription in EMBs. In addition, vorapaxar reduced atherosclerotic lesion size in apolipoprotein E-knock out (ApoEko) mice. This reduction was associated with reduced expression of vascular adhesion molecules and TLR2/4 presence, both in isolated murine endothelial cells and the aorta. Thrombin-induced uptake of oxLDL was augmented by additional TLR2/4 stimulation and abrogated by vorapaxar. Plaque-infiltrating pro-inflammatory cells were reduced in vorapaxar-treated ApoEko mice. A shift toward M2 macrophages paralleled a decreased transcription of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. CONCLUSIONS PAR1 inhibition with vorapaxar may be effective in reducing residual thrombo-inflammatory event risk in patients with atherosclerosis independent of its effect on platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Friebel
- Charité Center 11—Department of Cardiology, Charité—University Medicine, 12203 Berlin, Germany; (J.F.); (M.W.); (K.J.); (E.S.); (A.D.); (D.S.); (M.P.); (S.L.); (N.K.); (A.H.); (U.L.)
- Berlin Institute of Health, 10178 Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, 10785 Berlin, Germany
| | - Eileen Moritz
- Center of Drug Absorption and Transport, Institute of Pharmacology, University Medicine Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; (E.M.); (B.H.R.)
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany;
| | - Marco Witkowski
- Charité Center 11—Department of Cardiology, Charité—University Medicine, 12203 Berlin, Germany; (J.F.); (M.W.); (K.J.); (E.S.); (A.D.); (D.S.); (M.P.); (S.L.); (N.K.); (A.H.); (U.L.)
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Kai Jakobs
- Charité Center 11—Department of Cardiology, Charité—University Medicine, 12203 Berlin, Germany; (J.F.); (M.W.); (K.J.); (E.S.); (A.D.); (D.S.); (M.P.); (S.L.); (N.K.); (A.H.); (U.L.)
| | - Elisabeth Strässler
- Charité Center 11—Department of Cardiology, Charité—University Medicine, 12203 Berlin, Germany; (J.F.); (M.W.); (K.J.); (E.S.); (A.D.); (D.S.); (M.P.); (S.L.); (N.K.); (A.H.); (U.L.)
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, 10785 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrea Dörner
- Charité Center 11—Department of Cardiology, Charité—University Medicine, 12203 Berlin, Germany; (J.F.); (M.W.); (K.J.); (E.S.); (A.D.); (D.S.); (M.P.); (S.L.); (N.K.); (A.H.); (U.L.)
- Berlin Institute of Health, 10178 Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Steffens
- Charité Center 11—Department of Cardiology, Charité—University Medicine, 12203 Berlin, Germany; (J.F.); (M.W.); (K.J.); (E.S.); (A.D.); (D.S.); (M.P.); (S.L.); (N.K.); (A.H.); (U.L.)
| | - Marianna Puccini
- Charité Center 11—Department of Cardiology, Charité—University Medicine, 12203 Berlin, Germany; (J.F.); (M.W.); (K.J.); (E.S.); (A.D.); (D.S.); (M.P.); (S.L.); (N.K.); (A.H.); (U.L.)
| | - Stella Lammel
- Charité Center 11—Department of Cardiology, Charité—University Medicine, 12203 Berlin, Germany; (J.F.); (M.W.); (K.J.); (E.S.); (A.D.); (D.S.); (M.P.); (S.L.); (N.K.); (A.H.); (U.L.)
| | - Rainer Glauben
- Medical Department I, Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Charité—University Medicine, 12203 Berlin, Germany; (R.G.); (F.N.); (V.M.)
| | - Franziska Nowak
- Medical Department I, Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Charité—University Medicine, 12203 Berlin, Germany; (R.G.); (F.N.); (V.M.)
| | - Nicolle Kränkel
- Charité Center 11—Department of Cardiology, Charité—University Medicine, 12203 Berlin, Germany; (J.F.); (M.W.); (K.J.); (E.S.); (A.D.); (D.S.); (M.P.); (S.L.); (N.K.); (A.H.); (U.L.)
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, 10785 Berlin, Germany
| | - Arash Haghikia
- Charité Center 11—Department of Cardiology, Charité—University Medicine, 12203 Berlin, Germany; (J.F.); (M.W.); (K.J.); (E.S.); (A.D.); (D.S.); (M.P.); (S.L.); (N.K.); (A.H.); (U.L.)
- Berlin Institute of Health, 10178 Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, 10785 Berlin, Germany
| | - Verena Moos
- Medical Department I, Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Charité—University Medicine, 12203 Berlin, Germany; (R.G.); (F.N.); (V.M.)
| | | | - Stephan B. Felix
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany;
- Department of Internal Medicine B, Cardiology, University Medicine Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Ulf Landmesser
- Charité Center 11—Department of Cardiology, Charité—University Medicine, 12203 Berlin, Germany; (J.F.); (M.W.); (K.J.); (E.S.); (A.D.); (D.S.); (M.P.); (S.L.); (N.K.); (A.H.); (U.L.)
- Berlin Institute of Health, 10178 Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, 10785 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernhard H. Rauch
- Center of Drug Absorption and Transport, Institute of Pharmacology, University Medicine Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; (E.M.); (B.H.R.)
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany;
- Department of Human Medicine, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Carl von Ossietzky Universität, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Ursula Rauch
- Charité Center 11—Department of Cardiology, Charité—University Medicine, 12203 Berlin, Germany; (J.F.); (M.W.); (K.J.); (E.S.); (A.D.); (D.S.); (M.P.); (S.L.); (N.K.); (A.H.); (U.L.)
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, 10785 Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-30-450-513794
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Alam P, Tyagi R, Farah MA, Rehman MT, Hussain A, AlAjmi MF, Siddiqui NA, Al-Anazi KM, Amin S, Mujeeb M, Mir SR. Cytotoxicity and molecular docking analysis of racemolactone I, a new sesquiterpene lactone isolated from Inula racemosa. Pharm Biol 2021; 59:941-952. [PMID: 35294328 PMCID: PMC8274518 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2021.1946090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Traditionally, Inula racemosa Hook. f. (Asteraceae) has been reported to be effective in cancer treatment which motivated the authors to explore the plant for novel anticancer compounds. OBJECTIVE To isolate and characterize new cytotoxic phytoconstituents from I. racemosa roots. MATERIALS AND METHODS The column chromatography of I. racemosa ethyl acetate extract furnished a novel sesquiterpene lactone whose structure was established by NMR (1D/2D), ES-MS and its cytotoxic properties were assessed on HeLa, MDAMB-231, and A549 cell lines using MTT and LDH (lactate dehydrogenase) assays. Further, morphological changes were analyzed by flow cytometry, mitochondrial membrane potential, AO-EtBr dual staining, and comet assay. Molecular docking and simulation were performed using Glide and Desmond softwares, respectively, to validate the mechanism of action. RESULTS The isolated compound was identified as racemolactone I (compound 1). Amongst the cell lines tested, considerable changes were observed in HeLa cells. Compound 1 (IC50 = 0.9 µg/mL) significantly decreased cell viability (82%) concomitantly with high LDH release (76%) at 15 µg/mL. Diverse morphological alterations along with significant increase (9.23%) in apoptotic cells and decrease in viable cells were observed. AO-EtBr dual staining also confirmed the presence of 20% apoptotic cells. A gradual decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential was observed. HeLa cells showed significantly increased comet tail length (48.4 µm), indicating broken DNA strands. In silico studies exhibited that compound 1 binds to the active site of Polo-like kinase-1 and forms a stable complex. CONCLUSIONS Racemolactone I was identified as potential anticancer agent, which can further be confirmed by in vivo investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perwez Alam
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rama Tyagi
- Phyto-Pharmaceutical Research Lab, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohammad Abul Farah
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md. Tabish Rehman
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afzal Hussain
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Fahad AlAjmi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasir Ali Siddiqui
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Saima Amin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohd. Mujeeb
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Showkat R. Mir
- Phyto-Pharmaceutical Research Lab, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
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Chen HL, Lin SC, Li S, Tang KT, Lin CC. Alantolactone alleviates collagen-induced arthritis and inhibits Th17 cell differentiation through modulation of STAT3 signalling. Pharm Biol 2021; 59:134-145. [PMID: 33556301 PMCID: PMC8871681 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2021.1876102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Alantolactone, the bioactive component in Inula helenium L. (Asteraceae), exhibits multiple biological effects. OBJECTIVE We aimed to determine the anti-inflammatory effect of alantolactone in a collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mouse model and its immunomodulatory effects on Th17 differentiation. MATERIALS AND METHODS A CIA mouse model was established with DBA/1 mice randomly divided into four groups (n = 6): healthy, vehicle and two alantolactone-treated groups (25 or 50 mg/kg), followed by oral administration of alantolactone to mice for 21 consecutive days after arthritis onset. The severity of CIA was evaluated by an arthritic scoring system and histopathological examination. Levels of cytokines and anti-CII antibodies as well as percentages of splenic Th17 and Th17 differentiation with or without alantolactone treatments (0.62, 1.2 or 2.5 μM) were detected with ELISA and flow cytometry, respectively. Western blot analysis was used to evaluate intracellular signalling in alantolactone-treated spleen cells. RESULTS In CIA mice, alantolactone at 50 mg/kg attenuated RA symptoms, including high arthritis scores, infiltrating inflammatory cells, synovial hyperplasia, bone erosion and levels of the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-17A, but not IL-10 in paw tissues. Alantolactone also reduced the number of splenic Th17 cells and the capability of naïve CD4+ T cells to differentiate into the Th17 subset by downregulating STAT3/RORγt signalling by as early as 24 h of treatment. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Alantolactone possesses an anti-inflammatory effect that suppresses murine CIA by inhibiting Th17 cell differentiation, suggesting alantolactone is an adjunctive therapeutic candidate to treat rheumatoid arthritis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents/administration & dosage
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents/isolation & purification
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology
- Arthritis, Experimental/drug therapy
- Arthritis, Experimental/pathology
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/drug therapy
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/pathology
- Cell Differentiation/drug effects
- Cytokines
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Female
- Immunologic Factors/administration & dosage
- Immunologic Factors/isolation & purification
- Immunologic Factors/pharmacology
- Inula/chemistry
- Lactones/administration & dosage
- Lactones/isolation & purification
- Lactones/pharmacology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred DBA
- STAT3 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- Sesquiterpenes, Eudesmane/administration & dosage
- Sesquiterpenes, Eudesmane/isolation & purification
- Sesquiterpenes, Eudesmane/pharmacology
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Th17 Cells/cytology
- Th17 Cells/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiang-Lai Chen
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Tung's Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
- Program in Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shih Chao Lin
- Bachelor Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shiming Li
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing & Application of Catalytic Materials, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, PR China
| | - Kuo-Tung Tang
- Program in Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
- CONTACT Kuo-Tung Tang Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chi-Chien Lin
- Program in Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
- Institute of Biomedical Science, The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
- Chi-Chien Lin Institute of Biomedical Science, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Rd., South Dist., Taichung402, Taiwan, ROC
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Kim KY, Yun UJ, Yeom SH, Kim SC, Lee HJ, Ahn SC, Park KI, Kim YW. Inhibition of Autophagy Promotes Hemistepsin A-Induced Apoptosis via Reactive Oxygen Species-Mediated AMPK-Dependent Signaling in Human Prostate Cancer Cells. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11121806. [PMID: 34944451 PMCID: PMC8699411 DOI: 10.3390/biom11121806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy is an essential strategy for cancer treatment. On the other hand, consistent exposure to chemotherapeutic drugs induces chemo-resistance in cancer cells through a variety of mechanisms. Therefore, it is important to develop a new drug inhibiting chemo-resistance. Although hemistepsin A (HsA) is known to have anti-tumor effects, the molecular mechanisms of HsA-mediated cell death are unclear. Accordingly, this study examined whether HsA could induce apoptosis in aggressive prostate cancer cells, along with its underlying mechanism. Using HsA on two prostate cancer cell lines, PC-3 and LNCaP cells, the cell analysis and in vivo xenograft model were assayed. In this study, HsA induced apoptosis and autophagy in PC-3 cells. HsA-mediated ROS production attenuated HsA-induced apoptosis and autophagy after treatment with N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), a ROS scavenger. Moreover, autophagy inhibition by 3-MA or CQ is involved in accelerating the apoptosis induced by HsA. Furthermore, we showed the anti-tumor effects of HsA in mice, as assessed by the reduced growth of the xenografted tumors. In conclusion, HsA induced apoptosis and ROS generation, which were blocked by protective autophagy signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang-Youn Kim
- Korean Medicine (KM) Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 70 Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41062, Korea;
| | - Un-Jung Yun
- School of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 38066, Korea; (U.-J.Y.); (S.-H.Y.)
| | - Seung-Hee Yeom
- School of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 38066, Korea; (U.-J.Y.); (S.-H.Y.)
- Medical Research Center, College of Oriental Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan 38610, Korea;
| | - Sang-Chan Kim
- Medical Research Center, College of Oriental Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan 38610, Korea;
| | - Hu-Jang Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea;
| | - Soon-Cheol Ahn
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.-C.A.); (K.-I.P.); (Y.-W.K.)
| | - Kwang-Il Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea;
- Correspondence: (S.-C.A.); (K.-I.P.); (Y.-W.K.)
| | - Young-Woo Kim
- School of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 38066, Korea; (U.-J.Y.); (S.-H.Y.)
- Correspondence: (S.-C.A.); (K.-I.P.); (Y.-W.K.)
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Loureiro Damasceno JP, Silva da Rosa H, Silva de Araújo L, Jacometti Cardoso Furtado NA. Andrographis paniculata Formulations: Impact on Diterpene Lactone Oral Bioavailability. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2021; 47:19-30. [PMID: 34816382 PMCID: PMC8609994 DOI: 10.1007/s13318-021-00736-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Diterpene lactones have been identified as active compounds in several medicinal plants, including Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Nees, which is a medicinal plant that has been used for centuries across the world. Andrographolide is the major diterpene from A. paniculata and the main bioactive constituent of this species. The effectiveness of diterpenes can be affected by factors that limit their oral bioavailability, such as their poor water solubility, slow dissolution rates, low gastrointestinal absorption, high chemical and metabolic instability, and rapid excretion. In this context, the purpose of the present review is to compile and compare literature data on the bioavailability of diterpene lactones from A. paniculata after oral administration in medicinal plant extracts or in their free forms and to highlight strategies that have been used to improve their oral bioavailability. Considering that medicinal plant extracts are commonly used as dried powder that is reconstituted in water before oral administration, novel pharmaceutical formulation strategies that are used to overcome difficulties with diterpene solubility are also compiled in this review. The use of self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems is a good strategy to enhance the dissolution and consequently the bioavailability of andrographolide after oral administration of A. paniculata extract formulations. On the other hand, herbosome technology, pH-sensitive nanoparticles, nanosuspensions, nanoemulsions, nanocrystal suspensions, nanocrystal-based solid dispersions, and solid dispersion systems are useful to formulate andrographolide in its free form and increase its oral bioavailability. The use of a suitable andrographolide delivery system is essential to achieve its therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Paulo Loureiro Damasceno
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. do Café, s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Hemerson Silva da Rosa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. do Café, s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Luciana Silva de Araújo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. do Café, s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Niege Araçari Jacometti Cardoso Furtado
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. do Café, s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil.
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8
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Li M, Wu Y, Wang Z, Fu W, Dang W, Chen Y, Ning Y, Wang S. Improvement in calcified anaerobic granular sludge performance by exogenous acyl-homoserine lactones. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2021; 210:111874. [PMID: 33421723 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Given the high content of Ca2+ in waste paper recycling wastewater, the anaerobic granular sludge (AnGS) undergoes calcification during wastewater treatment and affects the treatment efficiency. To restore the activity of calcified AnGS and improve the performance of AnGS, four types of N-acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs) were added to the AnGS system while papermaking wastewater treatment. The addition of N-butyryl-DL-homoserine lactone(C4-HSL) and N-octanoyl-DL-homoserine lactone (C8-HSL) had an inhibitory affect the COD removal efficiency and SMA of sludge at the inception. The addition of N-hexanoyl-L-homoserine lactone (C6-HSL) has no obvious effect on the COD removal efficiency, but can improve the SMA of sludge more obviously. The addition of N-(β-ketocaproyl)-DL-homoserine lactone (3O-C6-HSL) can increased COD removal efficiency and promoted SMA together obviously. The addition of C6-HSL and 3O-C6-HSL can increase volatile suspended solid (VSS)/total suspended solid (TSS), and regulate extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) secretion in AnGS. Analysis of microbial sequencing revealed changes in the microbial community structure following AHL addition, which enhanced the methane metabolism pathway in sludge. The addition of C6-HSL, C8-HSL, and 3O-C6-HSL increased Methanosaeta population, thus increasing the aceticlastic pathway in sludge. Thus, exogenous AHLs can play an important role in regulating microbial community structure, and in improving the performance of AnGS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Li
- Guangxi Key Lab of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, Light Industrial and Food Engineering College, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Yueru Wu
- Guangxi Key Lab of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, Light Industrial and Food Engineering College, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- Guangxi Key Lab of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, Light Industrial and Food Engineering College, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; Guangxi Bossco Environment Protection Technology Co., Ltd, Nanning 530007, China.
| | - Wencai Fu
- Guangxi Key Lab of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, Light Industrial and Food Engineering College, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Wenhao Dang
- Guangxi Key Lab of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, Light Industrial and Food Engineering College, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Yongli Chen
- Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Science & Technology of Ministry of Education/Shandong Province, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Yi Ning
- Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Science & Technology of Ministry of Education/Shandong Province, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Shuangfei Wang
- Guangxi Key Lab of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, Light Industrial and Food Engineering College, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
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9
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Zaorska E, Gawryś-Kopczyńska M, Ostaszewski R, Ufnal M, Koszelewski D. Evaluation of thionolactones as a new type of hydrogen sulfide (H 2S) donors for a blood pressure regulation. Bioorg Chem 2021; 108:104650. [PMID: 33486369 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a gaseous molecule that exhibits various biological effects. For example, H2S has been recognized as a blood pressure-lowering agent. Presented in this report is a new modifiable platform for H2S supply, its preparation and H2S release kinetics from a series of structurally diversified thionolactones. Furthermore, the properties of the obtained H2S donors were evaluated in both in vitro and in vivo studies. The kinetic parameters of H2S release were determined and compared with NaHS and pyrrolidine-2-thione, a thiolactame analog, using a fluorescence detection method based on 7-azido-4-methyl-2H-chromen-2-one probe. We have shown that H2S release rates from the developed compounds are controllable through structural modifications. This study shows that both the thiono-lactone ring's size and the presence of a methyl group in the thiono-lactone ring significantly influenced the rate of H2S release. Finally, we have found a significant hypotensive response to intravenous administration of the developed donors in anesthetized rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Zaorska
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Pawińskiego 3c, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Gawryś-Kopczyńska
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Pawińskiego 3c, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ryszard Ostaszewski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Ufnal
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Pawińskiego 3c, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Dominik Koszelewski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland.
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10
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Yami A, Hamzeloo-Moghadam M, Darbandi A, Karami A, Mashati P, Takhviji V, Gharehbaghian A. Ergolide, a potent sesquiterpene lactone induces cell cycle arrest along with ROS-dependent apoptosis and potentiates vincristine cytotoxicity in ALL cell lines. J Ethnopharmacol 2020; 253:112504. [PMID: 31904493 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Inula oculus christi belongs to the family of Asteraceae and it was traditionally wide used in treatment of kidney stones and urethra infection; besides, recently the potent sesquiterpene lactones isolated from inula species has gained increasing attention in cancer treatments. This study investigates the anti-cancer properties and underlying mechanism of ergolide isolated from Inula oculus christi against leukemic cell lines. METHODS Viability, metabolic activity and proliferation evaluated using different index of MTT assay such as IC50 and GI50. Human erythrocytes were used to evaluate hemolytic activity. Flow-cytometry was used to detect and measure ROS level, and the induction of apoptosis and autophagy were evaluated using Annexin V/PI, Acridine Orange staining, respectively. Moreover, qRT-PCR was performed to examine the expression of a large cohort of crucial regulatory genes. Tunel assay was also carried out to assess morphologically ergolide effects. RESULTS Ergolide did not exert ant cytotoxicity against non-tumorous cells and did not cause noticeable hemolysis. It also caused ROS production during early hours after treatment of cells which was then followed by cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase and autophagy induction. Using N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), we found that ergolide could not increase ROS and induce autophagy and moreover repressed cell death, indicating that ergolide induce cell death through ROS-dependent manner by altering the expression of pro apoptotic related genes. Autophagy inhibition also potentiated ergolide-induced cell death. Furthermore, ergolide intensified vincristine cytotoxicity against acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cell lines revealed robust synergistic properties of ergolide with VCR. CONCLUSION Here we showed that ergolide could be considered as a potent natural compound against leukemic cells by inducing cell cycle arrest followed by dose-dependent cell death. Based on results, Autophagy response in a result of ROS accumulation acted as a survival pathway and blocking this pathway could noticeably increase ergolide cytotoxicity on ALL cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Yami
- Department of Laboratory Hematology and Blood Bank, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Maryam Hamzeloo-Moghadam
- Traditional Medicine and Materia Medica Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences and Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Traditional Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arezoo Darbandi
- Master of Hematology and Blood Banking in High Institute of Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afshin Karami
- Department of Laboratory Hematology and Blood Bank, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pargol Mashati
- Department of Laboratory Hematology and Blood Bank, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahideh Takhviji
- Department of Laboratory Hematology and Blood Bank, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Gharehbaghian
- Department of Laboratory Hematology and Blood Bank, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Pediatric Congenital Hematologic Disorders Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Iran.
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11
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Liu Y, Qi X, Liu Y, Cai Q, Liu S, Sun J, Lv X. Investigation on the urinary excretion kinetics of three atractylenolides from crude and processed Atractylodis rhizoma extracts in rats by UPLC-MS/MS. Pak J Pharm Sci 2020; 33:953-960. [PMID: 33191218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Atractylodis rhizoma is a frequently-used traditional Chinese medicine in clinical practice, which have the effect of eliminating dampness and tonifying spleen. And after being processed with wheat bran, the dryness of A. rhizoma is reduced, and the function of tonifying spleen is enhanced. Atractylenolides are the major bioactive components of A. rhizoma, including atractylenolide I (AI), atractylenolide Ⅱ (AⅡ) and atractylenolide Ⅲ (AⅢ). The present study aimed to develope a new UPLC-MS/MS method for simultaneous quantification of three atractylenolides in rat urine, and applied to the excretory kinetics in Sprague-Dawley rats after oral administration of crude and processed A. rhizoma extracts. Analytes and internal standard were detected without interference in the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode with positive electrospray ionization. The excretory kinetics parameters were calculated by a urine drug analysis model of drug and statistics (DAS) 3.2.8 software. The t1/2 and Ke of three atractylenolides had no significant difference between crude and processed A. rhizoma, but the recovery accumulative excretion of them in processed A. rhizoma were apparently higher than the crude ones (p<0.05, p<0.01). The results showed that only a small amount of atractylenolides excreted in urine and processing A. rhizoma with wheat bran by stir frying could promote the urinary excretion of them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaojie Qi
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China
| | - Yuqiang Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China
| | - Qian Cai
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China
| | - Shujing Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China
| | - Jianzhi Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China
| | - Xin Lv
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China
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12
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Li T, Hai L, Liu B, Mao W, Liu K, Li Q, Guo Y, Jia Y, Bao H, Cao J. TLR2/4 promotes PGE 2 production to increase tissue damage in Escherichia coli-infected bovine endometrial explants via MyD88/p38 MAPK pathway. Theriogenology 2020; 152:129-138. [PMID: 32408026 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), a lipid mediator, is released by several cell types including endometrial cells and plays a central role in bacterial infection of the endometrium during inflammation. PGE2 production accumulated in Escherichia coli (E. coli) -infected bovine endometrial tissue, which increased E. coli-infected endometrial tissue damage. However, the mechanisms of PGE2 accumulation in the E. coli-infected endometrium during inflammation-associated endometrial tissue damage remain unclear. This study was conducted to investigate the role of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) 2 and 4 in increased PGE2 production in E. coli-infected endometrial tissue. E. coli and TLR2/4 agonists significantly induced cyclooxygenase-2 and microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 expression and PGE2 synthesis detected by RT-PCR, Western blot, and ELISA in the endometrial tissue. The expression and synthesis were dramatically decreased by TLR4, myeloid differentiation factor88 (MyD88), and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitors in E. coli-infected endometrial tissue. These inhibitors also significantly decreased proinflammatory factor (interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α) and damage-associated molecular pattern (high mobility group box-1 and hyaluronan-binding protein-1) release and tissue damage measured by double-label immunofluorescence in E. coli-infected endometrial explants. Our work provides in vitro evidence that TLR2/4-MyD88/p38 MAPK promotes PGE2 synthesis and E. coli-infected endometrial tissue damage, which may be useful for improving PGE2-based therapies for endometritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques of Animal Disease for Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China
| | - Lili Hai
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques of Animal Disease for Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques of Animal Disease for Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China
| | - Wei Mao
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques of Animal Disease for Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China
| | - Kun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques of Animal Disease for Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China
| | - Qianru Li
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques of Animal Disease for Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China
| | - Yuli Guo
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques of Animal Disease for Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China
| | - Yan Jia
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques of Animal Disease for Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China
| | - Haixia Bao
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques of Animal Disease for Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China
| | - Jinshan Cao
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques of Animal Disease for Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China.
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13
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Loccisano AE, Bus J, Gollapudi B, Riffle B, Frericks M, Fegert I, Fabian E. Use of toxicokinetic data for afidopyropen to determine the dose levels in developmental toxicity studies. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2020; 113:104644. [PMID: 32194133 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2020.104644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Afidopyropen is an insecticide that acts as a TRPV channel modulator in chordotonal organs of target insects and has been assessed for a wide range of toxicity endpoints including developmental toxicity in rats and rabbits. The GLP developmental toxicity study in rabbits did not produce evidence of maternal or fetal toxicity at the highest dose tested (32 mg/kg/day) but pharmacokinetics (PK) in pregnant rabbits in this study exhibited onset of PK nonlinearity from 5 mg/kg/day on, as measured by plasma Cmax and AUC. The NOAEL (32 mg/kg/day) is 9000X higher than maximum expected human dietary exposures to afidopyropen; the dose range where nonlinear PK were observed (5-15 mg/kg/day) is 1400-4200X higher. As nonlinearity occurred between 5 and 15 mg/kg/day, 32 mg/kg/day is concluded to be a sufficiently high dose (kinetically derived maximum dose) for a prenatal developmental toxicity study. As recognized by regulatory dose-selection guidance, onset of saturated PK is evidence of excessive biological stress to test animals rendering any effects at such doses of questionable relevance for human risk assessment. These data demonstrate that consideration of PK is critical for improving the dose-selection in developmental toxicity studies to enhance human relevance of animal toxicity studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James Bus
- Exponent Inc, Alexandria, VA, 22314, USA
| | | | - Brandy Riffle
- BASF Corporation, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Markus Frericks
- BASF SE Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Ivana Fegert
- BASF SE Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Eric Fabian
- BASF SE Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, Ludwigshafen, Germany.
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14
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Zhang WL, Li N, Shen Q, Fan M, Guo XD, Zhang XW, Zhang Z, Liu X. Establishment of a mouse model of cancer cachexia with spleen deficiency syndrome and the effects of atractylenolide I. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2020; 41:237-248. [PMID: 31341256 PMCID: PMC7470874 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-019-0275-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cachexia is a multifactorial metabolic syndrome that affects ∼50%-80% of cancer patients, and no effective therapy for cancer cachexia is presently available. In traditional Chinese medicine, a large portion of patients with cancer cachexia was diagnosed as spleen deficiency syndrome and treated with tonifying TCMs that produce clinic benefits. In this study we established a new animal model of spleen deficiency and cancer cachexia in mice and evaluated the therapeutic effects of atractylenolide I, an active component of tonifying TCM BaiZhu, in the mouse model. Cancer cachexia was induced in male BALB/c mice by inoculation of mouse C26 colon adenocarcinoma cells, whereas spleen deficiency syndrome was induced by treating the mice with spleen deficiency-inducing factors, including limited feeding, fatigue, and purging. The mouse model was characterized by both cachexia and spleen deficiency characteristics, including significant body weight loss, cancer growth, muscle atrophy, fat lipolysis, spleen, and thymus atrophy as compared with healthy control mice, cancer cachexia mice, and spleen deficiency mice. Oral administration of atractylenolide I (20 mg· kg-1per day, for 30 days) significantly ameliorated the reduction in body weight and atrophy of muscle, fat, spleen, and thymus in mice with spleen deficiency and cachexia. The established model of spleen deficiency and cancer cachexia might be useful in the future for screening possible anticachexia TCMs and clarifying their mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Li Zhang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Biomedical Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Na Li
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Qiang Shen
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Biomedical Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Men Fan
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Guo
- Department of Oncology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China
| | - Xiong-Wen Zhang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China.
| | - Zhou Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Xuan Liu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Biomedical Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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15
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Zavvar T, Babaei M, Abnous K, Taghdisi SM, Nekooei S, Ramezani M, Alibolandi M. Synthesis of multimodal polymersomes for targeted drug delivery and MR/fluorescence imaging in metastatic breast cancer model. Int J Pharm 2020; 578:119091. [PMID: 32007591 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the current study is to design and delivery of targeted PEG-PCL nanopolymersomes encapsulated with Gadolinium based Quantum Dots (QDs) and Doxorubicin (DOX) as magnetic resonance-florescence imaging and anti-cancer agent. Diagnostic and therapeutic efficiency of the prepared theranostic formulation was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Hydrophobic QDs based on indium-copper-gadolinium-zinc sulfide were synthesized and characterized extensively. Hydrophobic QDs and hydrophilic DOX were loaded in PEG-PCL polymersomes through double emulsion method. Drug release pattern was studied in both citrate (pH 5.4) and phosphate (pH 7.4) buffer during 10 days. Both fluorescence and magnetic properties of bare QDs and prepared formulations were studied entirely. AS1411 DNA aptamer was covalently attached to the surface of polymersomal formulation in order to prepare targeted drug delivery system. Cellular cytotoxicity and cellular uptake analysis were performed in both nucleolin positive (MCF7 and 4T1) and nucleolin negative (CHO) cell lines. After in vitro evaluations, anti-tumor efficiency and diagnostic capability of the formulation was investigated in 4T1 tumor baring mice. Scanning emission electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed spherical shape and around 100 nm size of prepared formulations. Transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) showed crystal shape of QDs with size of 2-3 nm. Drug release study obtained controlled release of encapsulated DOX and stability of formulation in physiologic condition. MTT and flow cytometry results demonstrated that AS1411 aptamer could enhance both toxicity and cellular uptake in nucleolin overexpressing cell lines (P < 0.05). Moreover, aptamer targeted formulation could increase survival rate and tumor inhibitory growth effect in 4T1 tumor baring mice (P < 0.05). Our results verify that aptamer targeted polymersomes loaded with non-toxic QDs as a diagnostic agent and DOX as an anti-cancer drug, could provide a theranostic platform with the purpose of optimization of treatment process and minimization of systemic side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- TaranehSadat Zavvar
- Student Research Committee, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Babaei
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Khalil Abnous
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Taghdisi
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sirous Nekooei
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ramezani
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Mona Alibolandi
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Li S, Tarlac V, Hamilton JR. Using PAR4 Inhibition as an Anti-Thrombotic Approach: Why, How, and When? Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20225629. [PMID: 31717963 PMCID: PMC6888008 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Protease-activated receptors (PARs) are a family of four GPCRs with a variety of cellular functions, yet the only advanced clinical endeavours to target these receptors for therapeutic gain to date relates to the impairment of platelet function for anti-thrombotic therapy. The only approved PAR antagonist is the PAR1 inhibitor, vorapaxar—the sole anti-platelet drug against a new target approved in the past 20 years. However, there are two PARs on human platelets, PAR1 and PAR4, and more recent efforts have focused on the development of the first PAR4 antagonists, with first-in-class agents recently beginning clinical trial. Here, we review the rationale for this approach, outline the various modes of PAR4 inhibition, and speculate on the specific therapeutic potential of targeting PAR4 for the prevention of thrombotic conditions.
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Knuuttila E, Riikonen J, Syvälä H, Auriola S, Murtola TJ. Access and concentrations of atorvastatin in the prostate in men with prostate cancer. Prostate 2019; 79:1412-1419. [PMID: 31231865 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Statins have anticancer effects on prostate cancer both in vitro and in vivo. It is unclear whether this is due to systemic cholesterol-lowering or direct local growth inhibition in the prostate. It is also unclear whether statins can access the prostate; lipophilic statins could, in theory, pass lipid-enriched cell membranes by passive diffusion. However, statin concentrations in the human prostate have not been measured before. METHODS The study population was based on a randomized clinical trial where 158 men with prostate cancer were randomized to use 80 mg atorvastatin (ATV) or placebo daily for a median of 27 days before radical prostatectomy. ATV and atorvastatin lactone (ATV-Lactone) concentrations in the plasma and in the prostate were measured with mass spectrometry in men randomized to the ATV arm. Linear trends between intraprostatic concentration and plasma concentration, body mass index, age, and duration of intervention were examined. The relative tissue concentrations of ATV and ATV-Lactone were calculated in prostatic tissue and plasma to evaluate drug homeostasis. Subgroup analyses were stratified by tumor and population characteristics. RESULTS The analysis involved a total of 55 men. When limited to men whose tissue concentrations of ATV was measurable (n = 28, 50%), median ATV concentration was 212% higher in the tissue (median concentration 17.6 ng/g) compared to the plasma (median concentration 3.6 ng/mL). Also, ATV-L concentration was 590% higher in the tissue as compared to the plasma concentration. No statistically significant linear trends between the plasma and tissue concentrations were observed. When comparing the relative concentration of atorvastatin lactone over ATV, the concentrations were in balance in the plasma, In the prostate, however, the relative concentration of atorvastatin lactone was 57% lower compared to ATV (P = .009 for the difference between prostate tissue and plasma). No effect modification by tumor or population characteristics was observed. CONCLUSIONS Measurable ATV concentrations in the prostate support ATV's ability to access the prostate from the circulation. ATV may accumulate in the prostate as intraprostatic concentrations are elevated compared to the plasma concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Knuuttila
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Department of Urology, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jarno Riikonen
- Department of Urology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Heimo Syvälä
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Department of Urology, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Seppo Auriola
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Mass Spectrometry, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Teemu J Murtola
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Department of Urology, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Urology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Surgery, Seinäjoki Central Hospital, Seinäjoki, Finland
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18
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Glaire MA, Domingo E, Sveen A, Bruun J, Nesbakken A, Nicholson G, Novelli M, Lawson K, Oukrif D, Kildal W, Danielsen HE, Kerr R, Kerr D, Tomlinson I, Lothe RA, Church DN. Tumour-infiltrating CD8 + lymphocytes and colorectal cancer recurrence by tumour and nodal stage. Br J Cancer 2019; 121:474-482. [PMID: 31388185 PMCID: PMC6738075 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-019-0540-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intratumoural T-cell infiltrate intensity cortes wrelaith clinical outcome in stage II/III colorectal cancer (CRC). We aimed to determine whether this association varies across this heterogeneous group. METHODS We performed a pooled analysis of 1804 CRCs from the QUASAR2 and VICTOR trials. Intratumoural CD8+ and CD3+ densities were quantified by immunohistochemistry in tissue microarray (TMA) cores, and their association with clinical outcome analysed by Cox regression. We validated our results using publicly available gene expression data in a pooled analysis of 1375 CRCs from seven independent series. RESULTS In QUASAR2, intratumoural CD8+ was a stronger predictor of CRC recurrence than CD3+ and showed similar discriminative ability to both markers in combination. Pooled multivariable analysis of both trials showed increasing CD8+ density was associated with reduced recurrence risk independent of confounders including DNA mismatch repair deficiency, POLE mutation and chromosomal instability (multivariable hazard ratio [HR] for each two-fold increase = 0.92, 95%CI = 0.87-0.97, P = 3.6 × 10-3). This association was not uniform across risk strata defined by tumour and nodal stage: absent in low-risk (pT3,N0) cases (HR = 1.03, 95%CI = 0.87-1.21, P = 0.75), modest in intermediate-risk (pT4,N0 or pT1-3,N1-2) cases (HR = 0.92, 95%CI = 0.86-1.0, P = 0.046) and strong in high-risk (pT4,N1-2) cases (HR = 0.87, 95%CI = 0.79-0.97, P = 9.4 × 10-3); PINTERACTION = 0.090. Analysis of tumour CD8A expression in the independent validation cohort revealed similar variation in prognostic value across risk strata (PINTERACTION = 0.048). CONCLUSIONS The prognostic value of intratumoural CD8+ cell infiltration in stage II/III CRC varies across tumour and nodal risk strata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Glaire
- Cancer Genomics and Immunology Group, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Enric Domingo
- Cancer Genomics and Immunology Group, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Anita Sveen
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research & K.G. Jebsen Colorectal Cancer Research Centre, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jarle Bruun
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research & K.G. Jebsen Colorectal Cancer Research Centre, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Arild Nesbakken
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery & K.G. Jebsen Colorectal Cancer Research Centre, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Marco Novelli
- Department of Histopathology, UCL, Rockefeller Building, University Street, London, WC1E 6JJ, UK
| | - Kay Lawson
- Department of Histopathology, UCL, Rockefeller Building, University Street, London, WC1E 6JJ, UK
| | - Dahmane Oukrif
- Department of Histopathology, UCL, Rockefeller Building, University Street, London, WC1E 6JJ, UK
| | - Wanja Kildal
- Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Havard E Danielsen
- Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9 DU, UK
| | - Rachel Kerr
- Oxford Cancer Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals Foundation NHS Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - David Kerr
- Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9 DU, UK
| | - Ian Tomlinson
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Ragnhild A Lothe
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research & K.G. Jebsen Colorectal Cancer Research Centre, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - David N Church
- Cancer Genomics and Immunology Group, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK.
- Oxford Cancer Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals Foundation NHS Trust, Oxford, UK.
- Oxford NIHR Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK.
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Liu F, Lin S, Zhang C, Ma J, Han Z, Jia F, Xie W, Li X. The Novel Nature Microtubule Inhibitor Ivalin Induces G2/M Arrest and Apoptosis in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma SMMC-7721 Cells In Vitro. Medicina (Kaunas) 2019; 55:E470. [PMID: 31409007 PMCID: PMC6723664 DOI: 10.3390/medicina55080470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Microtubules are an attractive target for cancer chemotherapy. Previously, we reported that Ivalin exhibited excellent anti-migration and anti-invasion activities in human breast cancer cells. Here, we examined the microtubule inhibition effect of Ivalin in human hepatocellular carcinoma SMMC-7721 cells. Materials and Methods: We used the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay to evaluate the cell proliferation effect of Ivalin and flow cytometry analysis to detect the apoptotic and cell cycle arrest effects of Ivalin. Immunofluorescence staining was used to measure the effect of Ivalin on the cytoskeleton network, and Western blotting was used to detect the expression levels of Bax, Bcl-2, Cdc2, phosphor-Cdc2, Cdc25A, Cyclin B1, and tubulin. Results: Ivalin induced cell cycle G2/M arrest and subsequent triggered apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma SMMC-7721 cells. Furthermore, microtubules were shown to be involved in Ivalin-meditated apoptosis. In this connection, Ivalin treatment suppressed cellular microtubule network formation by regulating microtubule depolymerization. Moreover, Western blotting revealed Cdc25A and Cyclin B1 were upregulated in Ivalin-meditated cell cycle arrest. Subsequently, the induction of Bax (a proapoptotic protein) and reduction of Bcl-2 (an anti-apoptotic protein) expression were observed in Ivalin-treated SMMC-7721 cells. Conclusion: Ivalin induced microtubule depolymerization, then blocked cells in mitotic phase, and eventually resulted in apoptosis in SMMC-7721 cells. Collectively, these data indicate that Ivalin, acting as a novel inhibitor of microtubules, could be considered as a promising lead in anticancer drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyuan Liu
- College of Marine Science, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Shiqi Lin
- College of Marine Science, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Caiyun Zhang
- College of Marine Science, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Jiahui Ma
- College of Marine Science, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Zhuo Han
- College of Marine Science, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Fujuan Jia
- College of Marine Science, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Weidong Xie
- College of Marine Science, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Xia Li
- College of Marine Science, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China.
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Product of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Science, Guiyang 550002, China.
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Sturgess-Osborne C, Burgess S, Mitchell S, Wall R. Multiple resistance to macrocyclic lactones in the sheep scab mite Psoroptes ovis. Vet Parasitol 2019; 272:79-82. [PMID: 31395209 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2019.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The astigmatid mite Psoroptes ovis (Acari: Proroptidae) causes the highly contagious and debilitating ovine disease, sheep scab. This ectoparasitic infection has a high economic and animal welfare impact on British sheep farming. Following recent work demonstrating resistance of Psoroptes mites to moxidectin, a widely used macrocyclic lactone (ML) treatment for scab, the current study compared the toxicity of three of the commonly administered macrocylic lactone therapeutic treatments (moxidectin, ivermectin and doramectin) to P. ovis from outbreak populations that had appeared unresponsive to treatment. These outbreak populations were from Wales and south west England. The data presented demonstrate that there is resistance to all three available ML compounds in populations of Psoroptes mites. However, considerable variation in response suggested that resistance alone was not responsible for the reported lack of efficacy in all of the submitted cases; lack of response in others may be associated with inappropriate treatment application or management. These data highlight the importance of the appropriate use of these compounds to manage national scab incidence at levels that are consistent with acceptable animal welfare standards, while attempting to reduce the development and spread of resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Sturgess-Osborne
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TQ, UK
| | - S Burgess
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Midlothian, EH26 0PZ, UK
| | - S Mitchell
- APHA Carmarthen Veterinary Investigation Centre, Carmarthen, SA31 3EZ, UK
| | - R Wall
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TQ, UK.
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21
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Xu R, Peng Y, Wang M, Li X. Intestinal Absorption of Isoalantolactone and Alantolactone, Two Sesquiterpene Lactones from Radix Inulae, Using Caco-2 Cells. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2019; 44:295-303. [PMID: 30209793 DOI: 10.1007/s13318-018-0510-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Isoalantolactone and alantolactone are the main sesquiterpene lactones in Radix Inulae (dried root of Inula helenium L. or I. racemosa Hook. F.), which is a frequently utilized herbal medicine. They also occur in several plants and have various pharmacologic effects. However, they have been found to have poor oral bioavailability in rats. OBJECTIVES To understand the intestinal absorptive characteristics of isoalantolactone and alantolactone as well specific influx and efflux transporters in their absorption. METHODS Bidirectional permeabilities of isoalantolactone and alantolactone were investigated across Caco-2 cell monolayers. Transport assays were performed using different concentrations of two lactones and specific inhibitors of ATP-binding cassette transporters and influx transporters. RESULTS The absorption permeability of isoalantolactone and alantolactone was high at the tested concentrations (5, 20 and 80 μmol/l), and the major permeation mechanism of both lactones was found to be passive diffusion with active efflux mediated by multidrug resistance-associated proteins (MRPs) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP). CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated that the absorption permeability of isoalantolactone and alantolactone was good in the Caco-2 cell model. The isoalantolactone and alantolactone absorption elucidated in this study provides useful information for further pharmacokinetics studies. Since low intestinal absorption can now be ruled out as a cause, further studies are needed to explain the low oral bioavailability of the two sesquiterpene lactones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renjie Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengyue Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobo Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China.
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Urbaniak T, Machová D, Janoušková O, Musiał W. Microparticles of Lamivudine-Poly-ε-Caprolactone Conjugate for Drug Delivery via Internalization by Macrophages. Molecules 2019; 24:E723. [PMID: 30781578 PMCID: PMC6413034 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24040723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The past decade may be considered as revolutionary in the research field focused on the physiological function of macrophages. Unknown subtypes of these cells involved in pathological mechanisms were described recently, and they are considered as potential drug delivery targets. The innate ability to internalize foreign bodies exhibited by macrophages can be employed as a therapeutic strategy. The efficiency of this uptake depends on the size, shape and surface physiochemical properties of the phagocyted objects. Here, we propose a method of preparation and preliminary evaluation of drug-polymer conjugate-based microspheres for macrophage targeted drug delivery. The aim of the study was to identify crucial uptake-enhancing parameters for solid, surface modified particles. A model drug molecule-lamivudine-was conjugated with poly-ε-caprolactone via ring opening polymerization. The conjugate was utilized in a solvent evaporation method technique to form solid particles. Interactions between particles and a model rat alveolar cell line were evaluated by flow cytometry. The polymerization product was characterized by a molecular weight of 3.8 kDa. The surface of the obtained solid drug-loaded cores of a hydrodynamic diameter equal to 2.4 µm was modified with biocompatible polyelectrolytes via a layer-by-layer assembly method. Differences in the internalization efficiency of four particle batches by the model RAW 264.7 cell line suggest that particle diameter and surface hydrophobicity are the most influential parameters in terms of phagocytic uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Urbaniak
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Faculty, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, Wroclaw 50-556, Poland.
| | - Daniela Machová
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic v.v.i., Heyrovsky Sq. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Olga Janoušková
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic v.v.i., Heyrovsky Sq. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Witold Musiał
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Faculty, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, Wroclaw 50-556, Poland.
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Sánchez-Mendoza ME, López-Lorenzo Y, Cruz-Antonio L, Matus-Meza AS, Sánchez-Mendoza Y, Arrieta J. Gastroprotection of Calein D against Ethanol-Induced Gastric Lesions in Mice: Role of Prostaglandins, Nitric Oxide and Sulfhydryls. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24030622. [PMID: 30754621 PMCID: PMC6384819 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24030622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptic ulcers are currently treated with various drugs, all having serious side effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the gastroprotective activity of calein D (from Calea urticifolia), a sesquiterpene lactone with a germacrane skeleton. Gastric lesions were induced in mice by administering ethanol (0.2 mL) after oral treatment with calein D at 3, 10 and 30 mg/kg, resulting in 13.15 ± 3.44%, 77.65 ± 7.38% and 95.76 ± 2.18% gastroprotection, respectively, to be compared with that of the control group. The effect found for 30 mg/kg of calein D was not reversed by pretreatment with NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME, 70 mg/kg, ip), indomethacin (10 mg/kg, sc) or N-ethylmaleimide (NEM, 10 mg/kg, sc). Hence, the mechanism of action of calein D does not involve NO, prostaglandins or sulfhydryl compounds. Calein D was more potent than carbenoxolone, the reference drug. The findings for the latter are in agreement with previous reports.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Elena Sánchez-Mendoza
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, Colonia Santo Tomás, Delegación Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico.
| | - Yaraset López-Lorenzo
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, Colonia Santo Tomás, Delegación Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico.
| | - Leticia Cruz-Antonio
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, UNAM. Av. Guelatao No. 66, Colonia Ejército de Oriente Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México 09230, Mexico.
| | - Audifás-Salvador Matus-Meza
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico.
| | - Yolanda Sánchez-Mendoza
- Unidad de Medicina Familiar No. 49, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México 06600, Mexico.
| | - Jesús Arrieta
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, Colonia Santo Tomás, Delegación Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico.
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Kuo LC, Song YQ, Yao CA, Cheng IH, Chien CT, Lee GC, Yang WC, Lin Y. Ginkgolide A Prevents the Amyloid-β-Induced Depolarization of Cortical Neurons. J Agric Food Chem 2019; 67:81-89. [PMID: 30541279 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b04514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Utilizing the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist as a strategy, memantine is the only agent available for clinically treating mild to severe Alzheimer's disease (AD). Our aim was to develop novel similar herb-based drugs. Using a screening platform, ginkgolide A (GA), a pure compound extracted from Ginkgo biloba, was found to attenuate amyloid β (Aβ)-induced abnormal depolarization in mouse primary cortical neurons. Using receptor agonists, it was determined that GA inhibits both NMDA receptors and α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors. Furthermore, the Aβ-induced increase in c-Jun N-terminal kinase phosphorylation in neurons was prevented by GA. Body weight, glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, liver histology, and kidney histology were similar when the wild-type/AD animal model mice with and without GA treatment were compared. This pure compound improves the memory of wild-type mice. Our findings indicate that GA has great potential clinically for the treatment of AD because it might target NMDA receptors just like memantine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Chen Kuo
- Department of Life Science , National Taiwan Normal University , Taipei 116 , Taiwan
| | - Yan-Qing Song
- Department of Life Science , National Taiwan Normal University , Taipei 116 , Taiwan
| | - Chien-An Yao
- Department of Life Science , National Taiwan Normal University , Taipei 116 , Taiwan
- Department of Family Medicine , National Taiwan University Hospital , Taipei 100 , Taiwan
| | - Irene H Cheng
- Institute of Brain Science , National Yang-Ming University , Taipei 112 , Taiwan
| | - Chiang-Ting Chien
- Department of Life Science , National Taiwan Normal University , Taipei 116 , Taiwan
| | - Guan-Chiun Lee
- Department of Life Science , National Taiwan Normal University , Taipei 116 , Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chin Yang
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center , Academia Sinica , Taipei 115 , Taiwan
| | - Yenshou Lin
- Department of Life Science , National Taiwan Normal University , Taipei 116 , Taiwan
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Dong S, Ma LY, Liu YT, Yu M, Jia HM, Zhang HW, Yu CY, Zou ZM. Pharmacokinetics of costunolide and dehydrocostuslactone after oral administration of Radix aucklandiae extract in normal and gastric ulcer rats. J Asian Nat Prod Res 2018; 20:1055-1063. [PMID: 30130142 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2018.1489379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Costunolide and dehydrocostuslactone are the main active ingredients of Radix Aucklandiae (RA). An accurate and sensitive LC-MS/MS method was established to simultaneously determine contents of costunolide and dehydrocostuslactone in plasma. There were significant differences in pharmacokinetic parameters (AUC0-t, Cmax,1, Cmax,2, Tmax,1, Vd, and CL) of costunolide and dehydrocostuslactone between RA group and costunolide group or dehydrocostuslactone group. The relative bioavailability of costunolide or dehydrocostuslactone of RA extract was improved. As compared to normal group, the Tmax,2 values of dehydrocostuslactone of RA in gastric ulcer group were prolonged, while the Cmax,1, Cmax,2, and AUC0-t values decreased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Dong
- a Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100193 , China
- b College of Life Science and Technology , Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029 , China
- c Laboratory of Food Test & Scientific Research , Institute of the State Administration of Internal Trade , Beijing 100070 , China
| | - Li-Yan Ma
- a Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100193 , China
| | - Yue-Tao Liu
- a Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100193 , China
| | - Meng Yu
- a Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100193 , China
| | - Hong-Mei Jia
- a Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100193 , China
| | - Hong-Wu Zhang
- a Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100193 , China
| | - Chang-Yuan Yu
- b College of Life Science and Technology , Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029 , China
| | - Zhong-Mei Zou
- a Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100193 , China
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Sun X, Wang G, Zhang H, Hu S, Liu X, Tang J, Shen Y. The Blood Clearance Kinetics and Pathway of Polymeric Micelles in Cancer Drug Delivery. ACS Nano 2018; 12:6179-6192. [PMID: 29847730 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b02830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Polymer micelles are one of the most investigated nanocarriers for drug delivery; many have entered clinical trials and some are in clinic use, but their delivery systems have not yet shown the expected high therapeutic efficacy in clinics. Further understanding their in vivo behaviors, particularly how quickly and by what mechanism polymer micelles are cleared ( i. e., via micelles or unimers) once injected, is key to solving this dilemma. Herein, we hope to answer these questions for the clinically relevant polyethylene glycol- block-poly(ε-caprolactone) (PEG-PCL) and PEG- block-poly(d,l-lactide) (PEG-PDLLA) micelles. A small fraction of the hydrophobic chain ends was conjugated with a pair of fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) dyes, Cy5 and Cy5.5, and used to fabricate FRET micelles whose FRET efficiency was correlated to the percentage of polymer chains in the micelles, the micelle degree. In vitro, serum proteins induced PEG-PCL micelle dissociation to some extent; mouse serum or blood surprisingly did not induce micelle dissociation but once with shear applied by a microfluidic channel caused most PEG-PCL micelles dissociated. After intravenous administration in mice, the PEG-PCL or PEG-PDLLA micelles were quickly sequestered into the liver as unimers, and the micelle degree in the blood quickly decreased to about 20%. The FRET-imaging experiments showed that in blood vessels the micelles quickly dissociated into unimers, which were found associated with albumin in blood and in liver. Thus, it is concluded that, upon intravenous injection, the shear and the bloodborne proteins (particularly albumin) induced the most (∼80%) PEG-PCL and PEG-PDLLA micelles to quickly dissociate into unimers, which were sequestered by Kupffer cells, while intact micelles were difficult to clear. These micelles were able to penetrate tumors and were very stable with cell membranes, but dissociated gradually inside cells. These findings on in vivo micelle fate and the clearance mechanism are directional for the rational design of polymer micelles for improved therapeutics; particularly, improving micelle stability in blood is the prerequisite for surface functionalizations such as introducing targeting ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanrong Sun
- Center for Bionanoengineering and Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
| | - Guowei Wang
- Center for Bionanoengineering and Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
| | | | - Shiqi Hu
- Center for Bionanoengineering and Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
| | - Xin Liu
- Center for Bionanoengineering and Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
| | - Jianbin Tang
- Center for Bionanoengineering and Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
| | - Youqing Shen
- Center for Bionanoengineering and Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
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Wang Y, Eans SO, Stacy HM, Narayanapillai SC, Sharma A, Fujioka N, Haddad L, McLaughlin J, Avery BA, Xing C. A stable isotope dilution tandem mass spectrometry method of major kavalactones and its applications. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197940. [PMID: 29795658 PMCID: PMC5993114 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Kava is regaining its popularity with detailed characterizations warranted. We developed an ultraperformance liquid chromatography high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method for major kavalactones (kavain, dihydrokavain, methysticin, dihydromethysticin and desmethoxyyangonin) with excellent selectivity and specificity. The method has been validated for different matrices following the Food and Drug Administration guidance of analytical procedures and methods validation. The scope of this method has been demonstrated by quantifying these kavalactones in two kava products, characterizing their tissue distribution and pharmacokinetics in mice, and detecting their presence in human urines and plasmas upon kava intake. As expected, the abundances of these kavalactones differed significantly in kava products. All of them exhibited a large volume of distribution with extensive tissue affinity and adequate mean residence time (MRT) in mice. This method also successfully quantified these kavalactones in human body fluids upon kava consumption at the recommended human dose. This UPLC-MS/MS method therefore can be used to characterize kava products and its pharmacokinetics in animals and in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Shainnel O. Eans
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Heather M. Stacy
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Sreekanth C. Narayanapillai
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Abhisheak Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Naomi Fujioka
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Linda Haddad
- Department of Family Community and Health System Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Jay McLaughlin
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Bonnie A. Avery
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Chengguo Xing
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Nadaradjane C, Yang CPH, Rodriguez-Gabin A, Ye K, Sugasawa K, Atasoylu O, Smith AB, Horwitz SB, McDaid HM. Improved Dose-Response Relationship of (+)-Discodermolide-Taxol Hybrid Congeners. J Nat Prod 2018. [PMID: 29522336 PMCID: PMC6026530 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.8b00111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
(+)-Discodermolide is a microtubule-stabilizing agent with potential for the treatment of taxol-refractory malignancies. (+)-Discodermolide congeners containing the C-3'-phenyl side chain of taxol (paclitaxel) were synthesized based on computational docking models predicting this moiety would fill an aromatic pocket of β-tubulin insufficiently occupied by (+)-discodermolide, thereby conferring improved ligand-target interaction. It was recently demonstrated, however, that the C-3'-phenyl side chain occupied a different space, instead extending toward the M-loop of β-tubulin, where it induced a helical conformation, hypothesized to improve lateral contacts between adjacent microtubule protofilaments. This insight led us to evaluate the biological activity of hybrid congeners using a panel of genetically diverse cancer cell lines. Hybrid molecules retained the same tubulin-polymerizing profile as (+)-discodermolide. Since (+)-discodermolide is a potent inducer of accelerated senescence, a fate that contributes to drug resistance, congeners were also screened for senescence induction. Flow cytometric and transcriptional analysis revealed that the hybrids largely retained the senescence-inducing properties of (+)-discodermolide. In taxol-sensitive cell models, the congeners had improved dose-response parameters relative to (+)-discodermolide and, in some cases, were superior to taxol. However, in cells susceptible to senescence, EMax increased without concomitant improvements in EC50 such that overall dose-response profiles resembled that of (+)-discodermolide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celine Nadaradjane
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, United States
| | - Chia-Ping Huang Yang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, United States
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women’s Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, United States
| | - Alicia Rodriguez-Gabin
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, United States
| | - Kenny Ye
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, United States
| | - Keizo Sugasawa
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8585, Japan
| | - Onur Atasoylu
- Incyte Research Institute, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Amos B. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Monell Chemical Senses Center and Laboratory for Research on the Structure of Matter, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Susan Band Horwitz
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, United States
| | - Hayley M. McDaid
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, United States
- Department of Medicine (Oncology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, United States
- Corresponding Author: Tel: 718-430-8829.
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Grabosch SM, Shariff OM, Helm CW. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents to induce regression and prevent the progression of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2018; 2:CD004121. [PMID: 29431861 PMCID: PMC6483561 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd004121.pub4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This is an updated version of the original Cochrane review published in 2014, Issue 4. Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) precedes the development of invasive carcinoma of the cervix. Current treatment of CIN is quite effective, but there is morbidity for the patient related to pain, bleeding, infection, cervical stenosis and premature birth in a subsequent pregnancy. Effective treatment with medications, rather than surgery, would be beneficial. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIDs), including cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors, to induce regression and prevent the progression of CIN. SEARCH METHODS Previously, we searched the Cochrane Gynaecological Cancer Group Trials Register, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (2013, Issue 11), MEDLINE (November, 2013) and Embase (November week 48, 2013). An updated search was performed in August 2017 for CENTRAL (2017, Issue 8), MEDLINE (July, week 3, 2017) and Embase (July week 31, 2017). Trial registries and journals were also searched as part of the update. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) or controlled trials of NSAIDs in the treatment of CIN. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Three review authors independently abstracted data and assessed risks of bias in accordance with Cochrane methodology. Outcome data were pooled using fixed-effect meta-analyses. MAIN RESULTS In three RCTs, 171 women over the age of 18 years were randomised to receive celecoxib 400 mg daily for 14 to 18 weeks versus placebo (one study, 130 participants), celecoxib 200 mg twice daily by mouth for six months versus placebo (one study, 25 participants), or rofecoxib 25 mg once daily by mouth for three months versus placebo (one study, 16 participants). The study with rofecoxib was discontinued when the medicine was withdrawn from the market in 2004. The trials ran from June 2005 to April 2012, June 2002 to October 2003, and May to October 2004, respectively. We have chosen to include the data from the rofecoxib study as outcomes may be similar when other such NSAIDs are utilised.Partial or complete regression of CIN 2 or CIN 3 occurred in 31 out of 70 (44%) in the treatment arms and 19 of 62 (31%) in the placebo arms (risk ratio (RR) 1.45, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.93 to 2.27; P value 0.10), three studies, 132 participants; moderate-certainty evidence). Complete regression of CIN 2 or CIN 3 occurred in 15 of 62 (24%) of those receiving celecoxib versus 10 of 54 (19%) of those receiving placebo (RR 1.31, 95% CI 0.65 to 2.67; P value 0.45, two studies, 116 participants; moderate-certainty evidence). Partial regression of CIN 2 or CIN 3 occurred in 14 of 62 (23%) of those receiving celecoxib versus 8 of 54 (15%) of those receiving placebo (RR 1.56, 95% CI 0.72 to 3.4; P value 0.26), two studies, 116 participants; moderate-certainty evidence).Progression to a higher grade of CIN, but not to invasive cancer, occurred in one of 12 (8%) of those receiving celecoxib and two of 13 (15%) receiving placebo (RR 0.54, 95% CI 0.05 to 5.24; P value 0.60, one study, 25 participants; very low-certainty evidence). Two studies reported no cases of progression to invasive cancer within the timeframe of the study. No toxicity was reported in the two original articles. The trial added in this update had one Grade 3 gastrointestinal adverse effect in the treatment arm, but otherwise had similar Grade 1 to 2 side effects between treatment and placebo groups. Although the studies were well-conducted and randomised, some risk of bias was detected in all studies. Furthermore, the duration of the studies was short, which may mask identifying progression to cancer.The addition of the trial in this update quadrupled the number of patients in the original review and was a well-designed multicentre trial thus, increasing the overall certainty of evidence from very low to moderate for this review. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS There are currently no convincing data to support a benefit for NSAIDs in the treatment of CIN. With the addition of this new, larger randomised trial we would rate this as overall moderate-certainty evidence by the GRADE criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon M Grabosch
- Magee‐Womens Hospital of UPMCDepartment of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences300 Halket StPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA15213
| | - Osman M Shariff
- University of Louisville School of Medicine3646 Warner AveLouisvilleKentuckyUSA40207
| | - C. William Helm
- Princess Alexandra Wing, Royal Cornwall HospitalGynaecological OncologyTuroCornwallUKTR1 3LJ
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Bullova P, Cougnoux A, Marzouca G, Kopacek J, Pacak K. Bortezomib Alone and in Combination With Salinosporamid A Induces Apoptosis and Promotes Pheochromocytoma Cell Death In Vitro and in Female Nude Mice. Endocrinology 2017; 158:3097-3108. [PMID: 28938421 PMCID: PMC5659682 DOI: 10.1210/en.2017-00592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Proteasome inhibitors have been frequently used in treating hematologic and solid tumors. They are administered individually or in combination with other regimens, to prevent severe side effects and resistance development. Because they have been shown to be efficient and are pharmaceutically available, we tested the first Food and Drug Administration-approved proteasome inhibitor bortezomib alone and in combination with another proteasome inhibitor, salinosporamid A, in pheochromocytoma cells. Pheochromocytomas/Paragangliomas (PHEOs/PGLs) are neuroendocrine tumors for which no definite cure is yet available. Therefore, drugs with a wide spectrum of mechanisms of action are being tested to identify suitable candidates for PHEO/PGL treatment. In the current study, we show that bortezomib induces PHEO cell death via the apoptotic pathway in vitro and in vivo. The combination of bortezomib with salinosporamid A exhibits additive effect on these cells and inhibits proliferation, cell migration and invasion, and angiogenesis more potently than bortezomib alone. Altogether, we suggest these proteasome inhibitors, especially bortezomib, could be potentially tested in PHEO/PGL patients who might benefit from treatment with either the inhibitors alone or in combination with other treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Bullova
- Section on Medical Neuroendocrinology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Virology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 84505 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Antony Cougnoux
- Section on Molecular Dysmorphology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Geena Marzouca
- Section on Medical Neuroendocrinology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Juraj Kopacek
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Virology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 84505 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Karel Pacak
- Section on Medical Neuroendocrinology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
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Laurella LC, Cerny N, Bivona AE, Sánchez Alberti A, Giberti G, Malchiodi EL, Martino VS, Catalan CA, Alonso MR, Cazorla SI, Sülsen VP. Assessment of sesquiterpene lactones isolated from Mikania plants species for their potential efficacy against Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania sp. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017; 11:e0005929. [PMID: 28945741 PMCID: PMC5629014 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Four sesquiterpene lactones, mikanolide, deoxymikanolide, dihydromikanolide and scandenolide, were isolated by a bioassay-guided fractionation of Mikania variifolia and Mikania micrantha dichloromethane extracts. Mikanolide and deoxymikanolide were the major compounds in both extracts (2.2% and 0.4% for Mikania variifolia and 21.0% and 6.4% for Mikania micrantha respectively, calculated on extract dry weight). Mikanolide, deoxymikanolide and dihydromikanolide were active against Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigotes (50% inhibitory concentrations of 0.7, 0.08 and 2.5 μg/mL, for each compound respectively). These sesquiterpene lactones were also active against the bloodstream trypomastigotes (50% inhibitory concentrations for each compound were 2.1, 1.5 and 0.3 μg/mL, respectively) and against amastigotes (50% inhibitory concentrations for each compound were 4.5, 6.3 and 8.5 μg/mL, respectively). By contrast, scandenolide was not active on Trypanosoma cruzi. Besides, mikanolide and deoxymikanolide were also active on Leishmania braziliensis promastigotes (50% inhibitory concentrations of 5.1 and 11.5 μg/mL, respectively). The four sesquiterpene lactones were tested for their cytotoxicity on THP 1 cells. Deoxymikanolide presented the highest selectivity index for trypomastigotes (SI = 54) and amastigotes (SI = 12.5). In an in vivo model of Trypanosoma cruzi infection, deoxymikanolide was able to decrease the parasitemia and the weight loss associated to the acute phase of the parasite infection. More importantly, while 100% of control mice died by day 22 after receiving a lethal T. cruzi infection, 70% of deoxymikanolide-treated mice survived. We also observed that this compound increased TNF-α and IL-12 production by macrophages, which could contribute to control T. cruzi infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura C. Laurella
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Farmacognosia, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Natacha Cerny
- CONICET—Universidad Nacional de Luján, Instituto de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable (INEDES), Luján, Argentina
| | - Augusto E. Bivona
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Inmunología, Buenos Aires, Argentina, Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU), UBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Microbiología y Parasitología Médica—CONICET (IMPaM), Facultad de Medicina, Piso 13, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrés Sánchez Alberti
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Inmunología, Buenos Aires, Argentina, Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU), UBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Microbiología y Parasitología Médica—CONICET (IMPaM), Facultad de Medicina, Piso 13, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gustavo Giberti
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Farmacognosia, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET–Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco—CONICET (IQUIMEFA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Emilio L. Malchiodi
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Inmunología, Buenos Aires, Argentina, Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU), UBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Microbiología y Parasitología Médica—CONICET (IMPaM), Facultad de Medicina, Piso 13, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Virginia S. Martino
- CONICET–Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco—CONICET (IQUIMEFA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cesar A. Catalan
- CONICET–Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Instituto de Química del Noroeste—CONICET (INQUINOA), Ayacucho 471 (T4000INI), San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - María Rosario Alonso
- CONICET–Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco—CONICET (IQUIMEFA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvia I. Cazorla
- CONICET- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Microbiología y Parasitología Médica—CONICET (IMPaM), Facultad de Medicina, Piso 13, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET–Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA), Batalla de Chacabuco 145, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
- * E-mail: (VPS); (SIC)
| | - Valeria P. Sülsen
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Farmacognosia, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET–Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco—CONICET (IQUIMEFA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- * E-mail: (VPS); (SIC)
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Du M, Chase M, Oguz M, Davies G. State transition model: vorapaxar added to standard antiplatelet therapy to prevent thrombosis post myocardial infarction or peripheral artery disease. Curr Med Res Opin 2017; 33:1535-1543. [PMID: 28277861 DOI: 10.1080/03007995.2017.1301902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate long-term health benefits and risks of adding vorapaxar (VOR) to the standard care antiplatelet therapy (SC) of aspirin and/or clopidogrel, among a population with a recent myocardial infarction (MI) and/or peripheral artery disease (PAD). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In a state-transition model, patients transition between health states (event-free, recurrent MI, stroke, death), while at risk of experiencing non-transition-related revascularization and non-fatal bleeding events. Risk equations developed from the TRA 2°P-TIMI 50 trial's patient-level data were used to predict cardiovascular (CV) outcomes over longer time horizons. Additional sources, including trials and US-based observational studies, informed the inputs for short-term CV risk, non-CV death, and health-related quality of life. Survival and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) were estimated over a lifetime horizon, discounted at 3% per year. RESULTS Within a cohort of 7361 patients with recent MI and/or PAD, VOR + SC relative to SC alone yielded 176 fewer CV events (MIs, strokes, or CV deaths), but 27 more major bleeding events. VOR + SC was associated with increased life expectancy and health benefits (19.93 undiscounted life-years [LYs], 9.57 discounted QALYs vs. 19.61 undiscounted LYs, 9.41 discounted QALYs). The results were most sensitive to scenarios varying time of vorapaxar initiation, and the assumptions in the 90 day period post-MI. Additional analyses showed that add-on vorapaxar provides consistent incremental benefits in high-risk subgroups. CONCLUSION This study contributes to the growing literature on secondary prevention add-on therapy, as results from these modeling analyses suggest that adding vorapaxar to SC for patients at high atherothrombotic risk can provide long-term health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Du
- a Evidera , Bethesda , MD , US
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Vranckx P, White HD, Huang Z, Mahaffey KW, Armstrong PW, Van de Werf F, Moliterno DJ, Wallentin L, Held C, Aylward PE, Cornel JH, Bode C, Huber K, Nicolau JC, Ruzyllo W, Harrington RA, Tricoci P. Validation of BARC Bleeding Criteria in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndromes: The TRACER Trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 2017; 67:2135-2144. [PMID: 27151345 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2016.02.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Bleeding Academic Research Consortium (BARC) scale has been proposed to standardize bleeding endpoint definitions and reporting in cardiovascular trials. Validation in large cohorts of patients is needed. OBJECTIVES This study sought to investigate the relationship between BARC-classified bleeding and mortality and compared its prognostic value against 2 validated bleeding scales: TIMI (Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction) and GUSTO (Global Use of Strategies to Open Occluded Arteries). METHODS We analyzed bleeding in 12,944 patients with acute coronary syndromes without ST-segment elevation, with or without early invasive strategy. The main outcome measure was all-cause death. RESULTS During follow-up (median: 502 days), noncoronary artery bypass graft (CABG) bleeding occurred in 1,998 (15.4%) patients according to BARC (grades 2, 3, or 5), 484 (3.7%) patients according to TIMI minor/major, and 514 (4.0%) patients according to GUSTO moderate/severe criteria. CABG-related bleeding (BARC 4) occurred in 155 (1.2%) patients. Patients with BARC (2, 3, or 4) bleeding had a significant increase in risk of death versus patients without bleeding (BARC 0 or 1); the hazard was highest in the 30 days after bleeding (hazard ratio: 7.35; 95% confidence interval: 5.59 to 9.68; p < 0.0001) and remained significant up to 1 year. The hazard of mortality increased progressively with non-CABG BARC grades. BARC 4 bleeds were significantly associated with mortality within 30 days (hazard ratio: 10.05; 95% confidence interval: 5.41 to 18.69; p < 0.0001), but not thereafter. Inclusion of BARC (2, 3, or 4) bleeding in the 1-year mortality model with baseline characteristics improved it to an extent comparable to TIMI minor/major and GUSTO moderate/severe bleeding. CONCLUSIONS In patients with acute coronary syndromes without ST-segment elevation, bleeding assessed with the BARC scale was significantly associated with risk of subsequent death up to 1 year after the event and risk of mortality increased gradually with higher BARC grades. Our results support adoption of the BARC bleeding scale in ACS clinical trials. (Trial to Assess the Effects of Vorapaxar [SCH 530348; MK-5348] in Preventing Heart Attack and Stroke in Participants With Acute Coronary Syndrome [TRACER] [Study P04736]; NCT00527943).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Harvey D White
- Green Lane Cardiovascular Service, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Zhen Huang
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | | | | | - David J Moliterno
- Gill Heart Institute and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Lars Wallentin
- Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiology, Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Claes Held
- Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiology, Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Philip E Aylward
- SAHMRI, Flinders University and Medical Centre, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Jan H Cornel
- Department of Cardiology, Medisch Centrum Alkmaar, Alkmaar, the Netherlands
| | - Christoph Bode
- Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Universitätsklinikum, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kurt Huber
- 3rd Department of Medicine, Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Wilhelminen Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - José C Nicolau
- Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Witold Ruzyllo
- Department of Coronary Artery Disease and Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory, Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland
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Valgimigli M, Costa F, Lokhnygina Y, Clare RM, Wallentin L, Moliterno DJ, Armstrong PW, White HD, Held C, Aylward PE, Van de Werf F, Harrington RA, Mahaffey KW, Tricoci P. Trade-off of myocardial infarction vs. bleeding types on mortality after acute coronary syndrome: lessons from the Thrombin Receptor Antagonist for Clinical Event Reduction in Acute Coronary Syndrome (TRACER) randomized trial. Eur Heart J 2017; 38:804-810. [PMID: 28363222 PMCID: PMC5837470 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehw525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Dual antiplatelet therapy reduces non-fatal ischaemic events after acute coronary syndrome (ACS) but increases bleeding to a similar extent. We sought to determine the prognostic impact of myocardial infarction (MI) vs. bleeding during an extended follow-up period to gain insight into the trade-off between efficacy and safety among patients after ACS. METHODS AND RESULTS In 12 944 patients with non-ST-segment elevation ACS from the Thrombin Receptor Antagonist for Clinical Event Reduction in Acute Coronary Syndrome (TRACER) trial, we investigated the relative impact of MI and bleeding occurring >30 days post-ACS and subsequent all-cause mortality. Bleeding was graded according to Bleeding Academic Research Consortium (BARC) criteria. MI was associated with a five-fold increase in mortality. BARC type 2 and 3, but not type 1, bleeding had a significant impact on mortality. MI was associated with a greater risk of mortality compared with BARC 2 [relative risk (RR) 3.5; 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.08-4.77; P < 0.001] and BARC 3a bleeding (RR 2.23; 95% CI 1.36-3.64; P = 0.001), and a risk similar to BARC 3b bleeding (RR 1.37; 95% CI 0.81-2.30; P = 0.242). Risk of death after MI was significantly lower than after BARC 3c bleeding (RR 0.22; 95% CI 0.13-0.36; P < 0.001). MI and bleeding had similar time-associations with mortality, which remained significant for several months, still being higher early after the event. CONCLUSION In patients treated with antiplatelet therapy after ACS, both MI and bleeding significantly impacted mortality with similar time-dependency. Although BARC 2 and 3a bleeding were less prognostic for death than MI, the risk of mortality was equivalent between BARC 3b bleeding and MI, and was higher following BARC 3c bleeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Valgimigli
- Swiss Cardiovascular Center Bern, Bern University Hospital, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland
- Thoraxcenter, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Francesco Costa
- Thoraxcenter, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Policlinic ‘G. Martino’, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | | | | | - Lars Wallentin
- Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiology, and Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - David J. Moliterno
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gill Heart Institute, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | | | - Harvey D. White
- Green Lane Cardiovascular Service, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Claes Held
- Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiology, and Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Philip E. Aylward
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University and Medical Centre, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Li M, Song LH, Yue GGL, Lee JKM, Zhao LM, Li L, Zhou X, Tsui SKW, Ng SSM, Fung KP, Tan NH, Lau CBS. Bigelovin triggered apoptosis in colorectal cancer in vitro and in vivo via upregulating death receptor 5 and reactive oxidative species. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42176. [PMID: 28181527 PMCID: PMC5299840 DOI: 10.1038/srep42176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most prevalent cancer and the third highest cancer-related mortality in the United States. Bigelovin, a sesquiterpene lactone isolated from Inula helianthus aquatica, has been proven to induce apoptosis and exhibit anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic activities. However, the effects of bigelovin on CRC and underlying mechanisms have not been explored. The present study demonstrated that bigelovin exhibited potent anti-tumor activities against CRC in vitro and in vivo. Bigelovin suppressed cell proliferation and colony formation and induced apoptosis in human colorectal cancer HT-29 and HCT 116 cells in vitro. Results also revealed that bigelovin activated caspases, caused the G2/M cell cycle arrest and induced DNA damage through up-regulation of death receptor (DR) 5 and increase of ROS. In HCT 116 xenograft model, bigelovin treatment resulted in suppression of tumor growth. Bigelovin at 20 mg/kg showed more significant tumor suppression and less side effects than conventional FOLFOX (containing folinic acid, 5-fluorouracil and oxaliplatin) treatment. In addition, in vivo data confirmed that anti-tumor activity of bigelovin in CRC was through induction of apoptosis by up-regulating DR5 and increasing ROS. In conclusion, these results strongly suggested that bigelovin has potential to be developed as therapeutic agent for CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Li
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin New Territories, Hong Kong
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Li-Hua Song
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Grace Gar-Lee Yue
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin New Territories, Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China (CUHK), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Julia Kin-Ming Lee
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin New Territories, Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China (CUHK), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Li-Mei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Xunian Zhou
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin New Territories, Hong Kong
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Stephen Kwok-Wing Tsui
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Simon Siu-Man Ng
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Kwok-Pui Fung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin New Territories, Hong Kong
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin New Territories, Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China (CUHK), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Ning-Hua Tan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Clara Bik-San Lau
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin New Territories, Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China (CUHK), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin New Territories, Hong Kong
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Anderson JW, Schwartz SM, Hauptman J, Boldrin M, Rossi M, Bansal V, Hale CA. Obesity: Low-Dose Orlistat Effects on Body Weight of Mildly to Moderately Overweight Individuals: A 16 Week, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Ann Pharmacother 2016; 40:1717-23. [PMID: 16940406 DOI: 10.1345/aph.1h234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Lifestyle measures are considered the first line of therapy for treating overweight individuals, but many are unable to achieve a meaningful weight loss. Objective: To determine the efficacy and safety of orlistat 60 mg, given 3 times daily, for weight loss in mildly to moderately overweight individuals. Methods: A multicenter, 16 week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted in 391 overweight subjects at 20 US centers. The main outcome measure was change in weight from baseline to week 16; secondary measures included changes in body mass index, waist circumference, blood pressure, and fasting lipoprotein and glucose levels. Results: Subjects in both groups lost weight over the treatment period; however, orlistat-treated subjects lost significantly more weight than placebo-treated subjects beyond 2 weeks of treatment. Weight loss from baseline to week 16 was significantly greater in participants receiving orlistat versus those receiving placebo (3.05 vs 1.90 kg; p < 0.001, intent-to-treat analysis). Orlistat-treated subjects who completed 16 weeks of treatment lost 4.8 ± 0.35% (mean ± SE) of baseline weight compared with 3.1 ± 0.38% for the placebo group (p < 0.001). Orlistat-treated subjects, compared with those receiving placebo, also demonstrated a greater relative reduction in total (–4.4% vs 0.0%; p = 0.004) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (–7.2% vs -0.6%; p = 0.005) and both diastolic (-3.9% vs -0.5%; p = 0.001) and systolic blood pressure (-4.7% vs -1.8%; p = 0.004). Both groups showed a similar safety profile; gastrointestinal events were significantly more common in the orlistat-treated subjects. Conclusions: The use of orlistat 60 mg by mildly to moderately overweight individuals produced significant weight loss in conjunction with a reduced calorie diet and self-instructional materials. This amount of weight loss was associated with improvements in several weight-related risk factors. Orlistat 60 mg may be a useful adjunct to lifestyle measures and has the potential to contribute significantly to weight and risk factor improvement for overweight individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W Anderson
- Endocrine Division, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0298, USA.
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Fang H, Li H, Zhang W, Yang M, Zhang F, Zhang J, Wang Q, Wang R, Liu J. [Experimental Study of Remifentanil-poly-caprolactone Infusion through Abdominal Aorta against Spinal Cord Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury]. Sheng Wu Yi Xue Gong Cheng Xue Za Zhi 2016; 33:735-740. [PMID: 29714914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The present study was to investigate the effects of infusing remifentanil-poly-caprolactone(REM-PCL)through the abdominal aorta on spinal cord ischemia reperfusion injury(SCIRI).The model of SCIRI was created by clamping the infrarenal aortic in thirty-six New Zealand white rabbits,which were randomly divided into sham group(group S),control group(group C),and REM-PCL group(group R)with 12 rabbits in each one.The spinal cord microcirculatory blood flow(SCMBF)and blood flow rate(BFR)were monitored before ischemia,15 min,30min,60 min and 120 min after reperfusion,respectively.Neurologic Function was evaluated before ischemia,6h,12hand24 hafter reperfusion.The concentration of serum neuron-specific enolase(NSE),interleukin-lβ(IL-lβ)and interleukin-8(IL-8)were monitored before ischemia,45 min after ischemia,30 min,60min,6h,12 hand 24hafter reperfusion.The abnormal rate of motor neuron of spinal cord tissues and the level of superoxide dismutase(SOD),reactive oxygen species(ROS),glutathione peroxidase(GSH-PX),malondialdehyde(MDA),total anti-oxidation capacity(T-AOC)and mitochondrial swelling degree(MSD)in neural mitochondria were determined before ischemia,45 min after clamping,60 min and 120 min after reperfusion.As a result,the neural mitochondrial SOD,GSH-PX and T-AOC decreased while ROS,MDA,MSD,IL-lβ,IL-8and NSE distinctly increased after clamping of the abdominal aorta as compared to the value before ischemia in group C(P<0.01).Neurologic function scores recovered more rapidly in group R than those in group C during reperfusion(P<0.01).The neural mitochondrial SOD,GSH-PX and T-AOC were distinctly higher while ROS,MDA,MSD,IL-lβ,IL-8and NSE were distinctly lower in group R than those in group C(P<0.01).The abnormal rate of motor neuron was significantly higher in group C during reperfusion than that in group R(P<0.01).It has been shown that the intra-aortic REM-PCL infusion can alleviate SCIRI by inhibiting inflammatory response and improving mitochondrial anti-oxidation capacity.
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Arzola-Paniagua MA, García-Salgado López ER, Calvo-Vargas CG, Guevara-Cruz M. Efficacy of an orlistat-resveratrol combination for weight loss in subjects with obesity: A randomized controlled trial. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2016; 24:1454-63. [PMID: 27221771 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy of an orlistat-resveratrol (O-R) combination in subjects with obesity over a 6-month period. METHODS This study was a double-blind, parallel, randomized controlled clinical trial. Patients fulfilling the selection criteria (age from 20 to 60 years and body mass index (BMI) ≥30 and ≤39.9 kg/m(2) ) consumed an energy-reduced diet with 500 fewer calories than their usual diet for 2 weeks. Then the participants were randomly assigned to four groups, placebo, resveratrol, orlistat, or O-R, and they consumed the energy-reduced diet for 6 months. The study consisted of seven visits. During each visit, a 24-h recall was performed, along with measurements of anthropometric and serum biochemical parameters. RESULTS A total of 161 participants were selected. Of these, 84 participants completed the study. A significant weight loss of -6.82 kg (95% CI -8.37 to -5.26) was observed in the O-R group compared with -3.50 kg (-5.05 to -1.95, P = 0.021) in the placebo group. In contrast, the -6.02 kg (-7.68 to -4.36) orlistat and -4.68 kg (-6.64 to -2.71) resveratrol monotherapy losses did not significantly differ from the placebo. Significant decreases in BMI, waist circumference, fat mass, triglycerides, leptin, and leptin/adiponectin ratio were observed with the O-R combination. CONCLUSIONS The O-R combination was the most effective weight loss treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cesar G Calvo-Vargas
- Departamento de Nutricion, Centro de Diseño y Planeación en Investigación Médica S.C, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Martha Guevara-Cruz
- Departmento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición, Salvador Zubirán, Mexico D.F., Mexico
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Fujioka K, Braverman-Panza J. Answers to Clinical Questions in the Primary Care Management of People with Obesity: Pharmacologic Management. J Fam Pract 2016; 65:S16-S23. [PMID: 27565106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The recent approval of liraglutide, lorcaserin, naltrexone/bupropion extended-release, and phentermine/topiramate extended-release, brings the number of medications for long-term weight loss to 5 (including orlistat). Indicated for the treatment of patients with overweight (body mass index [BMI] ≥27 kg/m2 with ≥1 weight-related comorbidity) or obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2), these medications provide new opportunities to address this burgeoning health problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Fujioka
- Director, Nutrition and Metabolic Research Center, Center for Weight Management, Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jill Braverman-Panza
- Internal and Bariatric Medicine, Braverman-Panza Internal Medicine, Albany, NY, USA
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Guven GS, Kiliçaslan A, Oz SG, Haznedaroglu IC, Kirazli S, Aslan D, Sözen T. Decrements in the Thrombin Activatable Fibrinolysis Inhibitor (TAFI) Levels in Association with Orlistat Treatment in Obesity. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2016; 12:364-8. [PMID: 16959692 DOI: 10.1177/1076029606291403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and its associated metabolic complications can impair the physiologic regulation of fibrinolysis, leading to a hyper coagulable state. We aimed to assess circulating thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI) levels in obese female patients and to test the effects of orlistat-induced weight loss on basal TAFI concentrations. Obese female outpatients age 18 and older, with a body mass index (BMI, calculated as weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters) of at least 30, were included into the study. Thirteen nonobese (median BMI, 22.60 kg/m2) age-matched females were taken as controls. Plasma TAFI levels were measured before orlistat administration and after 6 months of orlistat treatment in the obese group and only one measurement was done in the control group. Twenty-seven obese patients were recruited into the study. The median TAFI level of the control group was 124.00; this value was significantly lower than the basal TAFI level of the obese group (p < 0.001). TAFI levels after orlistat therapy were statistically significantly lower than basal TAFI levels (p < 0.001) in the obese group. Hemostatic abnormalities including TAFI alterations represent a link between obesity and vascular thrombosis. Effective interventions should be considered in improving the obesity-associated prothrombotic risk profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulay Sain Guven
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of General Internal Medicine, Hacettepe University Medical School, Ankara, Turkey.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND: Pharmacists, especially those in community practice, should increase their level of intervention in dealing with the nationwide epidemic of obesity since they interact with large numbers of the public on a regular basis. We hypothesized that patients who receive medication for weight loss may have an improved therapeutic outcome if they received additional support from their community pharmacist. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of pharmacist support on patient persistence with orlistat. METHODS: Pharmacists were trained in basic obesity management skills. Patients who were prescribed orlistat and attending an outpatient nutrition program were invited to participate in the study. All patients agreed to receive pharmaceutical care. Those who lived where the service was available were assigned to the intervention (I) group and those who did not were assigned to the control (C) group. All patients received usual care provided by the outpatient clinic. RESULTS: Thirty patients, 15 in the I group and 15 in the C group, were recruited. Both groups were predominantly women (87%) with a mean ± SD age of 43.8 ± 9.7 years. Patients in the I group had significantly greater persistence with orlistat therapy as assessed by duration of therapy (p = 0.006) and number of patients completing the 26-week study (7 I, 2 C; p = 0.046). There was no significant difference in percent of weight loss between groups (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In this pilot study, patients receiving pharmaceutical care took orlistat longer than the controls and had improved outcome with orlistat therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Malone
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Albany College of Pharmacy, Albany, NY 12208, USA.
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Richardson PG, Zimmerman TM, Hofmeister CC, Talpaz M, Chanan-Khan AA, Kaufman JL, Laubach JP, Chauhan D, Jakubowiak AJ, Reich S, Trikha M, Anderson KC. Phase 1 study of marizomib in relapsed or relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma: NPI-0052-101 Part 1. Blood 2016; 127:2693-700. [PMID: 27009059 PMCID: PMC5413296 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2015-12-686378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Marizomib (MRZ) is a novel, irreversible proteasome inhibitor in clinical development for the treatment of relapsed or relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM). MRZ inhibits the 3 proteolytic activities of the 20S proteasome with specificity distinct from bortezomib and carfilzomib. Study NPI-0052-101 Part 1 enrolled relapsed or RRMM patients into an open-label, dose-escalation design to determine the maximum tolerated dose and recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D) of MRZ administered intravenously on 2 different schedules: schedule A (0.025-0.7 mg/m(2) once weekly on days 1, 8, and 15 of 4-week cycles) and schedule B (0.15-0.6 mg/m(2) twice weekly on days 1, 4, 8, and 11 of 3-week cycles; concomitant dexamethasone was allowed with schedule B). Patients had received an average of 4.9 and 7.3 prior treatment regimens (schedules A and B, respectively). MRZ schedule A was administered to 32 patients, and the RP2D was established as 0.7 mg/m(2) infused over 10 minutes. Schedule B was administered to 36 patients, and the RP2D was determined to be 0.5 mg/m(2) infused over 2 hours. The most common (>20% of patients) related adverse events were fatigue, headache, nausea, diarrhea, dizziness, and vomiting. Six patients achieved clinical benefit responses (defined as minimal response or better), including 5 partial responses (1 patient on schedule A and 4 on schedule B; 3 of these 4 patients received concomitant dexamethasone). MRZ was generally well tolerated, and results suggest activity in previously treated RRMM patients. Combination studies using pomalidomide and dexamethasone are now underway. The trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT00461045.
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Graff SK, Mario FM, Ziegelmann P, Spritzer PM. Effects of orlistat vs. metformin on weight loss-related clinical variables in women with PCOS: systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Clin Pract 2016; 70:450-61. [PMID: 27228266 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.12787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was to assess the effects of orlistat on weight loss-related clinical variables in overweight/obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and to compare treatment with orlistat vs. metformin in this group. METHODS We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the evidence about the use of orlistat in women with PCOS. We searched the literature published until May 2015 in MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and LILACS. RESULTS Of 3951 studies identified, nine were included in the systematic review (three prospective, non-randomised studies and six randomised control trials). Eight studies used the Rotterdam criteria and 1 used NIH criteria to diagnose PCOS. Data suggest that orlistat promotes a significant reduction in BMI/weight in overweight/obese PCOS women. Eight studies evaluated orlistat impact on testosterone. Seven reported an improvement in testosterone levels. Eight studies evaluated impact on insulin resistance, and five reported improvement. Finally, five studies evaluated impact on lipid profile, and four reported improvement. Three randomised control trials were included in the fixed effects model meta-analysis for a total of 121 women with PCOS. Orlistat and metformin had similar positive effects on BMI (-0.65%, 95% CI: -2.03 to 0.73), HOMA (-3.60%, 95% CI: -16.99 to 9.78), testosterone (-2.08%, 95% CI: -13.08 to 8.93) and insulin (-5.51%, 95% CI: -22.27 to 11.26). CONCLUSION(S) The present results suggest that orlistat leads to significant reduction in BMI/body weight in PCOS. In addition, the available evidence indicates that orlistat and metformin have similar effects in reducing BMI, HOMA, testosterone and insulin in overweight/obese PCOS women. This study was registered in PROSPERO under number CRD42014012877.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Graff
- Gynecological Endocrinology Unit, Division of Endocrinology, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - F M Mario
- Gynecological Endocrinology Unit, Division of Endocrinology, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - P Ziegelmann
- Department of Statistics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - P M Spritzer
- Gynecological Endocrinology Unit, Division of Endocrinology, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Harrison SJ, Mainwaring P, Price T, Millward MJ, Padrik P, Underhill CR, Cannell PK, Reich SD, Trikha M, Spencer A. Phase I Clinical Trial of Marizomib (NPI-0052) in Patients with Advanced Malignancies Including Multiple Myeloma: Study NPI-0052-102 Final Results. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 22:4559-66. [PMID: 27117181 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-2616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Marizomib (NPI-0052) is an irreversible proteasome inhibitor, derived from a marine actinomycete, with activity and specificity that is distinct from other proteasome inhibitors. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Phase I study (NPI-0052-102) evaluated the MTD, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of marizomib intravenously on two dosing schedules. RESULTS Forty-two patients with advanced malignancies received Schedule A (0.1-0.9 mg/m(2) over 1-10 minutes on days 1, 8, 15 in 4-week cycles); 44 patients with relapsed and/or refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) and other hematologic malignancies received Schedule B (0.075-0.6 mg/m(2) over 1 minute to 2 hours on days 1, 4, 8, 11, in 3-week cycles). The Schedule A recommended phase II dose was 0.7 mg/m(2) over 10 minutes; Schedule B was 0.5 mg/m(2) over 2 hours. The most common (>25% of patients) related adverse events were fatigue, nausea, diarrhea, and infusion site pain (Schedule A); and fatigue (Schedule B). Overall response rate of 11% was seen in 27 efficacy-evaluable RRMM Schedule B patients (1 very good partial response, 3 partial responses, 4 minimal responses, and 12 stable disease). One Schedule A patient with transformed marginal zone lymphoma had complete response. Marizomib has a short half-life (<30 minutes), with high volume of distribution (∼15-416 L) and clearance (∼0.9-22 L/minutes). CONCLUSIONS Marizomib does not exhibit the severe peripheral neuropathy or hematologic toxicity observed with other proteasome inhibitors. Marizomib was generally well tolerated with low-dose dexamethasone, demonstrated activity in heavily pretreated RRMM patients, and warrants further evaluation. Clin Cancer Res; 22(18); 4559-66. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon J Harrison
- The Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne and Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.
| | - Paul Mainwaring
- Mater Adult Hospital South Brisbane, Australia (currently Icon Cancer Care, South Brisbane, Australia)
| | | | - Michael J Millward
- Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia. University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
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Feng JH, Nakagawa-Goto K, Lee KH, Shyur LF. A Novel Plant Sesquiterpene Lactone Derivative, DETD-35, Suppresses BRAFV600E Mutant Melanoma Growth and Overcomes Acquired Vemurafenib Resistance in Mice. Mol Cancer Ther 2016; 15:1163-76. [PMID: 27048951 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-15-0973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Acquired resistance to vemurafenib develops through reactivation of RAF/MEK/ERK signaling or bypass mechanisms. Recent combination therapies such as a MEK inhibitor combined with vemurafenib show improvement in major clinical end points, but the percentage of patients with adverse toxic events is higher than with vemurafenib monotherapy and most patients ultimately relapse. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop new antimelanoma drugs and/or adjuvant agents for vemurafenib therapy. In this study, we created a novel semiorganically modified derivative, DETD-35, from deoxyelephantopin (DET), a plant sesquiterpene lactone demonstrated as an anti-inflammatory and anti-mammary tumor agent. Our results show that DETD-35 inhibited proliferation of a panel of melanoma cell lines, including acquired vemurafenib resistance A375 cells (A375-R) established in this study, with superior activities to DET and no cytotoxicity to normal melanocytes. DETD-35 suppressed tumor growth and reduced tumor mass as effectively as vemurafenib in A375 xenograft study. Furthermore, DETD-35 also reduced tumor growth in both acquired (A375-R) and intrinsic (A2058) vemurafenib resistance xenograft models, where vemurafenib showed no antitumor activity. Notably, the combination of DETD-35 and vemurafenib exhibited the most significant effects in both in vitro and in vivo xenograft studies due to synergism of the compound and the drug. Mechanistic studies suggested that DETD-35 overcame acquired vemurafenib resistance at least in part through deregulating MEK-ERK, Akt, and STAT3 signaling pathways and promoting apoptosis of cancer cells. Overall, our results suggest that DETD-35 may be useful as a therapeutic or adjuvant agent against BRAF(V600E) mutant and acquired vemurafenib resistance melanoma. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(6); 1163-76. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Hua Feng
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan. Institute of Plant Biology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kyoko Nakagawa-Goto
- College of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Japan. Natural Products Research Laboratories, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Kuo-Hsiung Lee
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Lie-Fen Shyur
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan. PhD Program in Translational Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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46
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Wang BZ, Yu ZG. The combination use of 1-O-acetylbritannilactone (ABL) and gemcitabine inhibits cell growth and induces cell apoptosis in lung adenocarcinoma cells. Pharmazie 2016; 71:213-217. [PMID: 27209702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
1-O-acetylbritannilactone (ABL), a natural chemical component obtained from Chinese traditional medicine, Inula britannica, has been demonstrated to have anticancer activities. In the present study, we evaluated the anti-proliferative and the pro-apoptotic abilities of ABL alone or in combination with gemcitabine in human NSCLC cell line. A549 cells were treated, in vitro, with ABL, gemcitabine, and the combination of ABL and gemcitabine for 72 h. Our results showed ABL and gemcitabine inhibited cell growth and induced apoptosis of A549 cells. These effects after the combination of ABL and gemcitabine were superior to those of each alone. Furthermore, signal transduction analysis revealed NF-κB expression was significantly decreased by ABL and the combination treatment. IκBα and Bax levels were up regulated whereas Bcl-2 was substantially downregulated after all treatments. Our findings suggest that ABL combined with gemcitabine elicits a potent apoptosis of lung cancer cell and hence ABL has the potential to be developed as a chemotherapeutic agent.
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Yimam M, Jiao P, Hong M, Brownell L, Lee YC, Hyun EJ, Kim HJ, Kim TW, Nam JB, Kim MR, Jia Q. Appetite Suppression and Antiobesity Effect of a Botanical Composition Composed of Morus alba, Yerba mate, and Magnolia officinalis. J Obes 2016; 2016:4670818. [PMID: 27699065 PMCID: PMC5028828 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4670818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Obesity and its comorbidities continue to challenge the world at an alarming rate. Although the long term solution lies on lifestyle changes in the form of dieting and exercising, drug, medical food, or dietary supplement interventions are required for those who are already obese. Here we describe a standardized blend composed of extracts from three medicinal plants: Morus alba, Yerba mate, and Magnolia officinalis for appetite suppression and metabolic disorders management. Method. Extracts were standardized to yield a composition designated as UP601. Appetite suppression activity was tested in acute feed intake rat model. Efficacy was evaluated in C57BL/6J mouse models treated with oral doses of 1.3 g/kg/day for 7 weeks. Orlistat at 40 mg/kg/day was used as a positive control. Body compositions of mice were assessed using a dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). ELISA was done for insulin, leptin, and ghrelin level quantitation. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) scoring was conducted. Results. Marked acute hypophagia with 81.8, 75.3, 43.9, and 30.9% reductions in food intake at 2, 4, 6, and 24 hours were observed for UP601. Decreases in body weight gain (21.5% compared to the HFD at weeks 7 and 8.2% compared to baseline) and calorie intake (40.5% for the first week) were observed. 75.9% and 46.8% reductions in insulin and leptin, respectively, 4.2-fold increase in ghrelin level, and reductions of 18.6% in cholesterol and 59% in low-density lipoprotein were documented. A percentage body fat of 18.9%, 47.8%, 46.1%, and 30.4% was found for mice treated with normal control, HFD, Orlistat, and UP601, respectively. 59.3% less mesenteric fat pad and improved NASH scores were observed for UP601. Conclusion. UP601, a standardized botanical composition from Morus alba, Yerba mate, and Magnolia officinalis could be used as a natural alternative for appetite suppression, maintaining healthy body weight and metabolism management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mesfin Yimam
- Unigen Inc., 3005 1st Avenue Seattle, WA 98121, USA
- *Mesfin Yimam:
| | - Ping Jiao
- Unigen Inc., 3005 1st Avenue Seattle, WA 98121, USA
| | - Mei Hong
- Unigen Inc., 3005 1st Avenue Seattle, WA 98121, USA
| | | | - Young-Chul Lee
- Unigen Inc., No. 450-86, Maebong-Ro, Dongnam-Gu, Cheonan-Si, Chungnam 330-863, Republic of Korea
| | - Eu-Jin Hyun
- Unigen Inc., No. 450-86, Maebong-Ro, Dongnam-Gu, Cheonan-Si, Chungnam 330-863, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jin Kim
- Unigen Inc., No. 450-86, Maebong-Ro, Dongnam-Gu, Cheonan-Si, Chungnam 330-863, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Woo Kim
- Unigen Inc., No. 450-86, Maebong-Ro, Dongnam-Gu, Cheonan-Si, Chungnam 330-863, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Bum Nam
- Unigen Inc., No. 450-86, Maebong-Ro, Dongnam-Gu, Cheonan-Si, Chungnam 330-863, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Ran Kim
- Unigen Inc., No. 450-86, Maebong-Ro, Dongnam-Gu, Cheonan-Si, Chungnam 330-863, Republic of Korea
| | - Qi Jia
- Unigen Inc., 3005 1st Avenue Seattle, WA 98121, USA
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Bruxvoort K, Festo C, Cairns M, Kalolella A, Mayaya F, Kachur SP, Schellenberg D, Goodman C. Measuring Patient Adherence to Malaria Treatment: A Comparison of Results from Self-Report and a Customised Electronic Monitoring Device. PLoS One 2015. [PMID: 26214848 PMCID: PMC4516331 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Self-report is the most common and feasible method for assessing patient adherence to medication, but can be prone to recall bias and social desirability bias. Most studies assessing adherence to artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) have relied on self-report. In this study, we use a novel customised electronic monitoring device--termed smart blister packs--to examine the validity of self-reported adherence to artemether-lumefantrine (AL) in southern Tanzania. METHODS Smart blister packs were designed to look identical to locally available AL blister packs and to record the date and time each tablet was removed from packaging. Patients obtaining AL at randomly selected health facilities and drug stores were followed up at home three days later and interviewed about each dose of AL taken. Blister packs were requested for pill count and extraction of smart blister pack data. RESULTS Data on adherence from both self-report verified by pill count and smart blister packs were available for 696 of 1,204 patients. There was no difference between methods in the proportion of patients assessed to have completed treatment (64% and 67%, respectively). However, the percentage taking the correct number of pills for each dose at the correct times (timely completion) was higher by self-report than smart blister packs (37% vs. 24%; p<0.0001). By smart blister packs, 64% of patients completing treatment did not take the correct number of pills per dose or did not take each dose at the correct time interval. CONCLUSION Smart blister packs resulted in lower estimates of timely completion of AL and may be less prone to recall and social desirability bias. They may be useful when data on patterns of adherence are desirable to evaluate treatment outcomes. Improved methods of collecting self-reported data are needed to minimise bias and maximise comparability between studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Bruxvoort
- Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- Impact Evaluation Thematic Group, Ifakara Health Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
- * E-mail:
| | - Charles Festo
- Impact Evaluation Thematic Group, Ifakara Health Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Matthew Cairns
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Frank Mayaya
- Impact Evaluation Thematic Group, Ifakara Health Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - S. Patrick Kachur
- Malaria Branch, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States of America
| | - David Schellenberg
- Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine Goodman
- Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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Oliveira RF, Gonçalves GA, Inácio FD, Koehnlein EA, de Souza CGM, Bracht A, Peralta RM. Inhibition of Pancreatic Lipase and Triacylglycerol Intestinal Absorption by a Pinhão Coat (Araucaria angustifolia) Extract Rich in Condensed Tannin. Nutrients 2015; 7:5601-14. [PMID: 26184295 PMCID: PMC4517019 DOI: 10.3390/nu7075242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present work was to characterize the possible inhibition of pancreatic lipase by a tannin-rich extract obtained from the pinhão (Araucaria angustifolia seed) coat, based on the previous observation that this preparation inhibits α-amylases. Kinetic measurements of pancreatic lipase revealed that the pinhão coat tannin is an effective inhibitor. Inhibition was of the parabolic non-competitive type. The inhibition constants, K¯i1 and
K¯i2, were equal to 332.7 ± 146.1 μg/mL and 321.2 ± 93.0 μg/mL, respectively, corresponding roughly to the inhibitor concentration producing 50% inhibition ([I]50). Consistently, the pinhão coat extract was also effective at diminishing the plasma triglyceride levels in mice after an olive oil load; 50% diminution of the area under the plasma concentration versus the time curve occurred at a dose of 250 mg/kg. This observation is most probably the consequence of an indirect inhibition of triglyceride absorption via inhibition of pancreatic lipase. For the pinhão coat tannin, this is the second report of a biological activity, the first one being a similar inhibition of the absorption of glucose derived from starch as a consequence of an inhibitory action on α-amylases. Taken together, these effects represent a potential anti-obesity action, as suggested for other polyphenol or tannin-rich preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Adelar Bracht
- Department of Biochemistry, State University of Maringá, Maringá 87020900, Brazil.
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50
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Cornel JH, Tricoci P, Lokhnygina Y, Moliterno DJ, Wallentin L, Armstrong PW, Aylward PE, Clare RM, Chen E, Leonardi S, Van de Werf F, White HD, Held C, Strony J, Mahaffey KW, Harrington RA. Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Receptor Inhibitors in Combination With Vorapaxar, a Platelet Thrombin Receptor Antagonist, Among Patients With Non-ST-Segment Elevation Acute Coronary Syndromes (from the TRACER Trial). Am J Cardiol 2015; 115:1325-32. [PMID: 25776457 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2015.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Revised: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the interaction between protease-activated receptor-1 antagonist vorapaxar and concomitant glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa receptor inhibitors in patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes who underwent PCI. In Thrombin Receptor Antagonist for Clinical Event Reduction in Acute Coronary Syndrome trial, 12,944 patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes were randomized to vorapaxar or placebo. Administration of GP IIb/IIIa receptor inhibitors was allowed at the treating physician's discretion. We investigated whether use of GP IIb/IIIa receptor inhibitors modified vorapaxar's effect on non-coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG)-related bleeding at 7 days and ischemic events at 30 days. In total, 7,455 patients underwent PCI during index hospitalization. Of these, 2,023 patients (27.1%) received inhibitors and 5,432 (72.9%) did not. Vorapaxar was associated with a numerically higher rate of non-CABG-related moderate/severe Global Use of Strategies to Open Occluded Arteries (GUSTO) bleeding at 7 days compared with placebo in those who did (1.3% vs 1.0%) and did not (0.6% vs 0.4%) receive GP IIb/IIIa receptor inhibitors. Ischemic end point rates at 30 days were not significantly lower with vorapaxar versus placebo. Increased rates of non-CABG GUSTO moderate/severe bleeding were observed in patients who received GP IIb/IIIa receptor inhibitors versus those who did not (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 1.77, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.43 to 7.35 in placebo arm; adjusted HR 2.02, 95% CI 0.62 to 6.61 in vorapaxar arm) and in those who received vorapaxar versus placebo (adjusted HR 1.54, 95% CI 0.36 to 6.56 in the GP IIb/IIIa group; adjusted HR 1.34, 95% CI 0.44 to 4.07 in the no-GP IIb/IIIa group). No interaction was found between vorapaxar and inhibitor use up to 7 days (P interaction = 0.89) nor at the end of the treatment (P interaction = 0.74); however, the event rate was low. Also, no interaction was observed for efficacy end points after PCI at 30 days or at the end of the treatment. In conclusion, GP IIb/IIIa receptor inhibitor use plus dual antiplatelet therapy in a population with non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction planned for PCI was frequent but did not interact with vorapaxar's efficacy or safety. Nonetheless, GP IIb/IIIa receptor inhibitors and vorapaxar were associated with increased bleeding risk, and their combined use may result in additive effects on bleeding rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan H Cornel
- Department of cardiology, Medisch Centrum Alkmaar, Alkmaar, the Netherlands.
| | | | | | - David J Moliterno
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gill Heart Institute, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Lars Wallentin
- Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiology, and Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Philip E Aylward
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University and Medical Centre, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Robert M Clare
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Caroline
| | - Edmond Chen
- Global Clinical Development, Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals Inc., Whippany, New Jersey
| | | | | | - Harvey D White
- Green Lane Cardiovascular Service, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Claes Held
- Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiology, and Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala, Sweden
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