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Wu LH, Cheng YW, Lin FL, Hsu KC, Wang MH, Yen JL, Wang TJ, Lin TE, Liu YC, Huang WJ, Hsiao G. A novel HDAC8 inhibitor H7E exerts retinoprotective effects against glaucomatous injury via ameliorating aberrant Müller glia activation and oxidative stress. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 174:116538. [PMID: 38579401 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is considered a neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive visual field defects that may lead to blindness. Although controlling intraocular pressure (IOP) is the mainstay of glaucoma treatment, some glaucoma patients have unmet needs due to unclear pathogenic mechanisms. Recently, there has been growing evidence that neuroinflammation is a potential target for the development of novel antiglaucoma agents. In this study, we investigated the protective effects and cellular mechanisms of H7E, a novel small molecule inhibits HDAC8, using in vitro and in vivo glaucoma-like models. Importantly, H7E mitigated extracellular MMP-9 activity and MCP-1 levels in glutamate- or S100B-stimulated reactive Müller glia. In addition, H7E inhibited the upregulation of inflammation- and proliferation-related signaling pathways, particularly the ERK and JNK MAPK pathways. Under conditions of oxidative damage, H7E prevents retinal cell death and reduces extracellular glutamate released from stressed Müller glia. In a mouse model of NMDA-induced retinal degeneration, H7E alleviated functional and structural defects within the inner retina as assessed by electroretinography and optical coherence tomography. Our results demonstrated that the newly identified compound H7E protects against glaucoma damage by specifically targeting HDAC8 activity in the retina. This protective effect is attributed to the inhibition of Müller glial activation and the prevention of retinal cell death caused by oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Huan Wu
- Ph.D. Program in Drug Discovery and Development Industry, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing St., Taipei 110, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Wen Cheng
- Ph.D. Program in Drug Discovery and Development Industry, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing St., Taipei 110, Taiwan; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing St., Taipei 110, Taiwan.
| | - Fan-Li Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Rd., Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Kai-Cheng Hsu
- Ph.D. Program in Drug Discovery and Development Industry, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing St., Taipei 110, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, 301 Yuantong Rd., New Taipei 235, Taiwan.
| | - Mong-Heng Wang
- Independent Scholar, 3466 Rhodes Hill Drive, Martinez, GA 30907, USA.
| | - Jing-Lun Yen
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing St., Taipei 110, Taiwan.
| | - Tsung-Jen Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, 252 Wu-Hsing St., Taipei 110, Taiwan; Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing St., Taipei 110, Taiwan.
| | - Tony Eight Lin
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, 301 Yuantong Rd., New Taipei 235, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Chien Liu
- Ph.D. Program in Drug Discovery and Development Industry, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing St., Taipei 110, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-Jan Huang
- Ph.D. Program in Drug Discovery and Development Industry, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing St., Taipei 110, Taiwan; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing St., Taipei 110, Taiwan.
| | - George Hsiao
- Ph.D. Program in Drug Discovery and Development Industry, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing St., Taipei 110, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing St., Taipei 110, Taiwan; Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing St., Taipei 110, Taiwan.
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2
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Lin FL, Cheng YW, Chen LH, Ho JD, Yen JL, Wang MH, Lee TH, Hsiao G. Retinal protection by fungal product theissenolactone B in a sodium iodate-induced AMD model through targeting retinal pigment epithelial matrix metalloproteinase-9 and microglia activity. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 158:114138. [PMID: 36535199 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of low vision and blindness for which there is currently no cure. Increased matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) was found in AMD and potently contributes to its pathogenesis. Resident microglia also promote the processes of chronic neuroinflammation, accelerating the progression of AMD. The present study investigates the effects and mechanisms of the natural compound theissenolactone B (LB53), isolated from Theissenia cinerea, on the effects of RPE dysregulation and microglia hyperactivation and its retinal protective ability in a sodium iodate (NaIO3)-induced retinal degeneration model of AMD. The fungal component LB53 significantly reduces MMP-9 gelatinolysis in TNF-α-stimulated human RPE cells (ARPE-19). Similarly, LB53 abolishes MMP-9 protein and mRNA expression in ARPE-19 cells. Moreover, LB53 efficiently suppresses nitric oxide (NO) production, iNOS expression, and intracellular ROS levels in LPS-stimulated TLR 4-activated microglial BV-2 cells. According to signaling studies, LB53 specifically targets canonical NF-κB signaling in both ARPE-19 and BV-2 microglia. In an RPE-BV-2 interaction assay, LB53 ameliorates LPS-activated BV-2 conditioned medium-induced MMP-9 activation and expression in the RPE. In NaIO3-induced AMD mouse model, LB53 restores photoreceptor and bipolar cell dysfunction as assessed by electroretinography (ERG). Additionally, LB53 prevents retinal thinning, primarily the photoreceptor, and reduces retinal blood flow from NaIO3 damage evaluated by optic coherence tomography (OCT) and laser speckle flowgraphy (LSFG), respectively. Our results demonstrate that LB53 exerts neuroprotection in a mouse model of AMD, which can be attributed to its anti-retinal inflammatory effects by impeding RPE-mediated MMP-9 activation and anti-microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan-Li Lin
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wen Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Huei Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jau-Der Ho
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Lun Yen
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mong-Heng Wang
- Department of Physiology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Tzong-Huei Lee
- Institute of Fisheries Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - George Hsiao
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Ph.D. Program for the Clinical Drug Discovery from Botanical Herbs, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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3
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Wang JH, Lin FL, Chen J, Zhu L, Chuang YF, Tu L, Ma C, Ling D, Hewitt AW, Tseng CL, Shah MH, Bui BV, van Wijngaarden P, Dusting GJ, Wang PY, Liu GS. TAK1 blockade as a therapy for retinal neovascularization. Pharmacol Res 2023; 187:106617. [PMID: 36535572 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Retinal neovascularization, or pathological angiogenesis in the retina, is a leading cause of blindness in developed countries. Transforming growth factor-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) is a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase (MAPKKK) activated by TGF-β1 and other proinflammatory cytokines. TAK1 is also a key mediator of proinflammatory signals and plays an important role in maintaining vascular integrity upon proinflammatory cytokine stimulation such as TNFα. However, its role in pathological angiogenesis, particularly in retinal neovascularization, remains unclear. Here, we investigate the regulatory role of TAK1 in human endothelial cells responding to inflammatory stimuli and in a rat model of oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) featured retinal neovascularization. Using TAK1 knockout human endothelial cells that subjected to inflammatory stimuli, transcriptome analysis revealed that TAK1 is required for activation of NFκB signaling and mediates its downstream gene expression related to endothelial activation and angiogenesis. Moreover, pharmacological inhibition of TAK1 by 5Z-7-oxozeaenol attenuated angiogenic activities of endothelial cells. Transcriptome analysis also revealed enrichment of TAK1-mediated NFκB signaling pathway in the retina of OIR rats and retinal neovascular membrane from patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Intravitreal injection of 5Z-7-oxozeaenol significantly reduced hypoxia-induced inflammation and microglial activation, thus attenuating aberrant retinal angiogenesis in OIR rats. Our data suggest that inhibition of TAK1 may have therapeutic potential for the treatment of retinal neovascular pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Hui Wang
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
| | - Fan-Li Lin
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7000, Australia; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials and Cellular Immunomodulation, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Jinying Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510603, China
| | - Linxin Zhu
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7000, Australia
| | - Yu-Fan Chuang
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7000, Australia; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials and Cellular Immunomodulation, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Leilei Tu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510603, China
| | - Chenkai Ma
- Molecular Diagnostics Solutions, CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, North Ryde, NSW 1670, Australia
| | - Damien Ling
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
| | - Alex W Hewitt
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia; Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7000, Australia
| | - Ching-Li Tseng
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Manisha H Shah
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
| | - Bang V Bui
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Peter van Wijngaarden
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia; Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
| | - Gregory J Dusting
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia; Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
| | - Peng-Yuan Wang
- Oujiang Laboratory, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China; Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Aging, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Guei-Sheung Liu
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia; Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7000, Australia; Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia; Aier Eye Institute, Changsha, Hunan 410015, China.
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4
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Chuang YF, Lin FL. Oxygen-Induced Retinopathy in the Rat: An Animal Model to Study the Proliferative Retinal Vascular Pathology. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2678:27-36. [PMID: 37326703 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3255-0_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the leading causes of vision loss worldwide. There are numerous animal models available for developing new ocular therapeutics and drug screening and to investigate the pathological processes involved in DR. Among those animal models, the oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) model, though originally developed as a model for retinopathy of prematurity, has also been used to investigate angiogenesis in proliferative DR with the phenomenon of ischemic avascular zones and pre-retinal neovascularization it demonstrated. Briefly, neonatal rodents are exposed to hyperoxia to induce vaso-obliteration. Upon removal from hyperoxia, hypoxia develops in the retina that eventually results in neovascularization. The OIR model is mostly used in small rodents such as mice and rats. Here, we describe a detailed experimental protocol of rat OIR model and the subsequent assessment of abnormal vasculature. By illustrating the vasculoprotective and anti-angiogenic activities of the treatment, OIR model might advance to a new platform for investigating novel ocular therapeutic strategies for DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Fan Chuang
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fan-Li Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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5
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Ma T, Chen Y, Yi ZG, Liu J, Li YH, Bai J, Tie WT, Huang M, Zhu XF, Wang J, Du J, Zuo XQ, Li Q, Lin FL, Tang L, Guo J, Xiao HW, Lei Q, Ma XL, Li LJ, Zhang LS. NORAD promotes multiple myeloma cell progression via BMP6/P-ERK1/2 axis. Cell Signal 2022; 100:110474. [PMID: 36126794 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is one of the most common tumors of the hematological system and remains incurable. Recent studies have shown that long noncoding RNA NORAD is a potential oncogene in a variety of tumors. However, the general biological role and clinical value of NORAD in MM remains unknown. In this study, we measured NORAD expression in bone marrow of 60 newly diagnosed MM, 30 post treatment MM and 17 healthy donors by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The NORAD gene was knockdown by lentiviral transfection in MM cell lines, and the effects of NORAD on apoptosis, cell cycle and cell proliferation in MM cells were examined by flow cytometry, CCK8 assay, EDU assay and Western blot, and the differential genes after knockdown of NORAD were screened by mRNA sequencing, followed by in vivo experiments and immunohistochemical assays. We found that knockdown of NORAD promoted MM cell apoptosis, induced cell cycle G1 phase arrest, and inhibited MM cell apoptosis in in vivo and in vitro experiments. Mechanistically, NORAD plays these roles through the BMP6/P-ERK1/2 axis. We discuss a novel mechanism by which NORAD acts pro-tumorigenically in MM via the BMP6/P-ERK1/2 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Ma
- Department of Hematology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, China; Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Yi
- Department of Hematology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Hematology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yan-Hong Li
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Jun Bai
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Wen-Ting Tie
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Mei Huang
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Zhu
- Department of Hematology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, China; Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Ji Wang
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Juan Du
- Department of Hematology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xiu-Qin Zuo
- Department of Hematology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Qin Li
- Department of Hematology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Fan-Li Lin
- Department of Hematology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Liu Tang
- Department of Hematology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Hong-Wen Xiao
- Department of Hematology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Qian Lei
- Department of Hematology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xiao-Li Ma
- Department of Hematology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Li-Juan Li
- Department of Hematology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Lian-Sheng Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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Wang JH, Chuang YF, Chen J, Singh V, Lin FL, Wilson R, Tu L, Ma C, Wong RCB, Wang PY, Zhong J, Hewitt AW, van Wijngaarden P, Dusting GJ, Liu GS. An Integrative Multi-Omics Analysis Reveals MicroRNA-143 as Potential Therapeutics to Attenuate Retinal Angiogenesis. Nucleic Acid Ther 2022; 32:251-266. [PMID: 35363088 DOI: 10.1089/nat.2021.0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinal neovascularization is a severe complication of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are master regulators of gene expression that play an important role in retinal neovascularization. In this study, we show that miR-143-3p is significantly downregulated in the retina of a rat model of oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) by miRNA-sequencing. Intravitreal injection of synthetic miR-143 mimics significantly ameliorate retinal neovascularization in OIR rats. miR-143 is identified to be highly expressed in the neural retina particularly in the ganglion cell layer and retinal vasculature. In miR-143 treated cells, the functional evaluation showed a decrease in cell migration and delayed endothelial vessel-like tube remodeling. The multiomics analysis suggests that miR-143 negatively impacts endothelial cell activity through regulating cell-matrix adhesion and mediating hypoxia-inducible factor-1 signaling. We predict hub genes regulated by miR-143 that may be involved in mediating endothelial cell function by cytoHubba. We also demonstrate that the retinal neovascular membranes in patients with PDR principally consist of endothelial cells by CIBERSORTx. We then identify 2 hub genes, thrombospondin 1 and plasminogen activator inhibitor, direct targets of miR-143, that significantly altered in the PDR patients. These findings suggest that miR-143 appears to be essential for limiting endothelial cell-matrix adhesion, thus suppressing retinal neovascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Hui Wang
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yu-Fan Chuang
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Jinying Chen
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.,Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Vikrant Singh
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Fan-Li Lin
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Richard Wilson
- Central Science Laboratory, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Leilei Tu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chenkai Ma
- Molecular Diagnostics Solutions, CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Raymond C B Wong
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Jingxiang Zhong
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Alex W Hewitt
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Peter van Wijngaarden
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gregory J Dusting
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Guei-Sheung Liu
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.,Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Aier Eye Institute, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Wang JH, Tseng CL, Lin FL, Chen J, Hsieh EH, Lama S, Chuang YF, Kumar S, Zhu L, McGuinness MB, Hernandez J, Tu L, Wang PY, Liu GS. Topical application of TAK1 inhibitor encapsulated by gelatin particle alleviates corneal neovascularization. Theranostics 2022; 12:657-674. [PMID: 34976206 PMCID: PMC8692906 DOI: 10.7150/thno.65098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Corneal neovascularization (CoNV) is a severe complication of various types of corneal diseases, that leads to permanent visual impairment. Current treatments for CoNV, such as steroids or anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents, are argued over their therapeutic efficacy and adverse effects. Here, we demonstrate that transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of CoNV. Methods: Angiogenic activities were assessed in ex vivo and in vitro models subjected to TAK1 inhibition by 5Z-7-oxozeaenol, a selective inhibitor of TAK1. RNA-Seq was used to examine pathways that could be potentially affected by TAK1 inhibition. A gelatin-nanoparticles-encapsulated 5Z-7-oxozeaenol was developed as the eyedrop to treat CoNV in a rodent model. Results: We showed that 5Z-7-oxozeaenol reduced angiogenic processes through impeding cell proliferation. Transcriptome analysis suggested 5Z-7-oxozeaenol principally suppresses cell cycle and DNA replication, thereby restraining cell proliferation. In addition, inhibition of TAK1 by 5Z-7-oxozeaenol blocked TNFα-mediated NFκB signalling, and its downstream genes related to angiogenesis and inflammation. 5Z-7-oxozeaenol also ameliorated pro-angiogenic activity, including endothelial migration and tube formation. Furthermore, topical administration of the gelatin-nanoparticles-encapsulated 5Z-7-oxozeaenol led to significantly greater suppression of CoNV in a mouse model compared to the free form of 5Z-7-oxozeaenol, likely due to extended retention of 5Z-7-oxozeaenol in the cornea. Conclusion: Our study shows the potential of TAK1 as a therapeutic target for pathological angiogenesis, and the gelatin nanoparticle coupled with 5Z-7-oxozeaenol as a promising new eyedrop administration model in treatment of CoNV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Hui Wang
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ching-Li Tseng
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fan-Li Lin
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials and Cellular Immunomodulation, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jinying Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Erh-Hsuan Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Suraj Lama
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Yu-Fan Chuang
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials and Cellular Immunomodulation, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Satheesh Kumar
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Linxin Zhu
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Myra B. McGuinness
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jessika Hernandez
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Leilei Tu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng-Yuan Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials and Cellular Immunomodulation, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guei-Sheung Liu
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Australia
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
- Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, East Melbourne, Australia
- Aier Eye Institute, Changsha, Hunan, China
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8
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Hsu TJ, Nepali K, Tsai CH, Imtiyaz Z, Lin FL, Hsiao G, Lai MJ, Cheng YW. The HDAC/HSP90 Inhibitor G570 Attenuated Blue Light-Induced Cell Migration in RPE Cells and Neovascularization in Mice through Decreased VEGF Production. Molecules 2021; 26:4359. [PMID: 34299636 PMCID: PMC8305912 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26144359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) occurs due to an abnormality of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells that leads to gradual degeneration of the macula. Currently, AMD drug pipelines are endowed with limited options, and anti-VEGF agents stand as the dominantly employed therapy. Despite the proven efficacy of such agents, the evidenced side effects associated with their use underscore the need to elucidate other mechanisms involved and identify additional molecular targets for the sake of therapy improvement. The previous literature provided us with a solid rationale to preliminarily explore the potential of selective HDAC6 and HSP90 inhibitors to treat wet AMD. Rather than furnishing single-target agents (either HDAC6 or HSP90 inhibitor), this study recruited scaffolds endowed with the ability to concomitantly modulate both targets (HDAC6 and HSP90) for exploration. This plan was anticipated to accomplish the important goal of extracting amplified benefits via dual inhibition (HDAC6/HSP90) in wet AMD. As a result, G570 (indoline-based hydroxamate), a dual selective HDAC6-HSP90 inhibitor exerting its effects at micromolar concentrations, was pinpointed in the present endeavor to attenuate blue light-induced cell migration and retinal neovascularization by inhibiting VEGF production. In addition to the identification of a potential chemical tool (G570), the outcome of this study validates the candidate HDAC6-HSP90 as a compelling target for the development of futuristic therapeutics for wet AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai-Ju Hsu
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 100301, Taiwan; (T.-J.H.); (K.N.); (C.-H.T.); (Z.I.)
| | - Kunal Nepali
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 100301, Taiwan; (T.-J.H.); (K.N.); (C.-H.T.); (Z.I.)
| | - Chi-Hao Tsai
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 100301, Taiwan; (T.-J.H.); (K.N.); (C.-H.T.); (Z.I.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Zuha Imtiyaz
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 100301, Taiwan; (T.-J.H.); (K.N.); (C.-H.T.); (Z.I.)
| | - Fan-Li Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 100301, Taiwan; (F.-L.L.); (G.H.)
| | - George Hsiao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 100301, Taiwan; (F.-L.L.); (G.H.)
| | - Mei-Jung Lai
- Ph.D. Program in Drug Discovery and Development Industry, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 100301, Taiwan
- Biomedical Commercialization Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 100301, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wen Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 100301, Taiwan; (T.-J.H.); (K.N.); (C.-H.T.); (Z.I.)
- Ph.D. Program in Drug Discovery and Development Industry, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 100301, Taiwan
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9
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Chuang YF, Wang PY, Kumar S, Lama S, Lin FL, Liu GS. Methods for in vitro CRISPR/CasRx-Mediated RNA Editing. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:667879. [PMID: 34178991 PMCID: PMC8226256 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.667879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Specific changes in the genome have been accomplished by the revolutionary gene-editing tool known as clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated (Cas) system. The advent of programmable RNA editing CRISPR/Cas nucleases has made this gene-editing tool safer and more precise. Specifically, CasRx, a family member of the Cas13d family, has shown great therapeutic potential. Here, we describe the in vitro methods of utilizing this powerful RNA editing platform and determine the RNA editing efficiencies for CasRx with different forms of guide RNAs (also known as gRNA or sgRNA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Fan Chuang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials and Cellular Immunomodulation, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Peng-Yuan Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials and Cellular Immunomodulation, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Satheesh Kumar
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Suraj Lama
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Fan-Li Lin
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials and Cellular Immunomodulation, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Guei-Sheung Liu
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
- Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, East Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Aier Eye Institute, Changsha, China
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10
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Hsueh PJ, Wang MH, Hsiao CJ, Chen CK, Lin FL, Huang SH, Yen JL, Tsai PH, Kuo YH, Hsiao G. Ergosta-7,9(11),22-trien-3β-ol Alleviates Intracerebral Hemorrhage-Induced Brain Injury and BV-2 Microglial Activation. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26102970. [PMID: 34067678 PMCID: PMC8156058 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26102970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a devastating neurological disorder characterized by an exacerbation of neuroinflammation and neuronal injury, for which few effective therapies are available at present. Inhibition of excessive neuroglial activation has been reported to alleviate ICH-related brain injuries. In the present study, the anti-ICH activity and microglial mechanism of ergosta-7,9(11),22-trien-3β-ol (EK100), a bioactive ingredient from Asian medicinal herb Antrodia camphorate, were evaluated. Post-treatment of EK100 significantly attenuated neurobehavioral deficit and MRI-related brain lesion in the mice model of collagenase-induced ICH. Additionally, EK100 alleviated the inducible expression of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and the activity of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 in the ipsilateral brain regions. Consistently, it was shown that EK100 concentration-dependently inhibited the expression of COX-2 protein in Toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 activator lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated microglial BV-2 and primary microglial cells. Furthermore, the production of microglial prostaglandin E2 and reactive oxygen species were attenuated by EK100. EK100 also attenuated the induction of astrocytic MMP-9 activation. Among several signaling pathways, EK100 significantly and concentration-dependently inhibited activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) MAPK in LPS-activated microglial BV-2 cells. Consistently, ipsilateral JNK activation was markedly inhibited by post-ICH-treated EK100 in vivo. In conclusion, EK100 exerted the inhibitory actions on microglial JNK activation, and attenuated brain COX-2 expression, MMP-9 activation, and brain injuries in the mice ICH model. Thus, EK100 may be proposed and employed as a potential therapeutic agent for ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Jen Hsueh
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (P.-J.H.); (C.-J.H.); (S.-H.H.); (J.-L.Y.)
| | - Mong-Heng Wang
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, GA 30912, USA;
| | - Che-Jen Hsiao
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (P.-J.H.); (C.-J.H.); (S.-H.H.); (J.-L.Y.)
- Laboratory of Neural Repair, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Kuang Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Tayouan, Taoyuan 33378, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Fan-Li Lin
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart 7000, Tasmania, Australia;
| | - Shu-Hsien Huang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (P.-J.H.); (C.-J.H.); (S.-H.H.); (J.-L.Y.)
| | - Jing-Lun Yen
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (P.-J.H.); (C.-J.H.); (S.-H.H.); (J.-L.Y.)
| | - Ping-Huei Tsai
- Translational Imaging Research Center, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chung Shang Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Hsiung Kuo
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Y.-H.K.); (G.H.); Tel./Fax: +886-2-23778620 (G.H.)
| | - George Hsiao
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (P.-J.H.); (C.-J.H.); (S.-H.H.); (J.-L.Y.)
- Correspondence: (Y.-H.K.); (G.H.); Tel./Fax: +886-2-23778620 (G.H.)
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11
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Chen J, Lin FL, Leung JYK, Tu L, Wang JH, Chuang YF, Li F, Shen HH, Dusting GJ, Wong VHY, Lisowski L, Hewitt AW, Bui BV, Zhong J, Liu GS. A drug-tunable Flt23k gene therapy for controlled intervention in retinal neovascularization. Angiogenesis 2021; 24:97-110. [PMID: 32935224 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-020-09745-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Gene therapies that chronically suppress vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) represent a new approach for managing retinal vascular leakage and neovascularization. However, constitutive suppression of VEGF in the eye may have deleterious side effects. Here, we developed a novel strategy to introduce Flt23k, a decoy receptor that binds intracellular VEGF, fused to the destabilizing domain (DD) of Escherichia coli dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) into the retina. The expressed DHFR(DD)-Flt23k fusion protein is degraded unless "switched on" by administering a stabilizer; in this case, the antibiotic trimethoprim (TMP). Cells transfected with the DHFR(DD)-Flt23k construct expressed the fusion protein at levels correlated with the TMP dose. Stabilization of the DHFR(DD)-Flt23k fusion protein by TMP was able to inhibit intracellular VEGF in hypoxic cells. Intravitreal injection of self-complementary adeno-associated viral vector (scAAV)-DHFR(DD)-Flt23k and subsequent administration of TMP resulted in tunable suppression of ischemia-induced retinal neovascularization in a rat model of oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR). Hence, our study suggests a promising novel approach for the treatment of retinal neovascularization. Schematic diagram of the tunable system utilizing the DHFR(DD)-Flt23k approach to reduce VEGF secretion. a The schematic shows normal VEGF secretion. b Without the ligand TMP, the DHFR(DD)-Flt23k protein is destabilized and degraded by the proteasome. c In the presence of the ligand TMP, DHFR(DD)-Flt23k is stabilized and sequestered in the ER, thereby conditionally inhibiting VEGF. Green lines indicate the intracellular and extracellular distributions of VEGF. Blue lines indicate proteasomal degradation of the DHFR(DD)-Flt23k protein. Orange lines indicate the uptake of cell-permeable TMP. TMP, trimethoprim; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor; ER, endoplasmic reticulum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinying Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Fan-Li Lin
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials and Cellular Immunomodulation, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jacqueline Y K Leung
- Wicking Dementia Research and Education Centre, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Leilei Tu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiang-Hui Wang
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Yu-Fan Chuang
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
- Wicking Dementia Research and Education Centre, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Fan Li
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hsin-Hui Shen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Science, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Gregory J Dusting
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, East Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Vickie H Y Wong
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Leszek Lisowski
- Translational Vectorology Group, Children's Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Vector and Genome Engineering Facility, Children's Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, The Biological Threats Identification and Countermeasure Centre, Puławy, Poland
| | - Alex W Hewitt
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, East Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Bang V Bui
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Jingxiang Zhong
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guei-Sheung Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia.
- Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, East Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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12
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Chan YJ, Liao PL, Tsai CH, Cheng YW, Lin FL, Ho JD, Chen CY, Li CH. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles impair the inner blood-retinal barrier and retinal electrophysiology through rapid ADAM17 activation and claudin-5 degradation. Part Fibre Toxicol 2021; 18:4. [PMID: 33422125 PMCID: PMC7796566 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-020-00395-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Depending on their distinct properties, titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs) are manufactured extensively and widely present in our daily necessities, with growing environmental release and public concerns. In sunscreen formulations, supplementation of TiO2-NPs may reach up to 25% (w/w). Ocular contact with TiO2-NPs may occur accidentally in certain cases, allowing undesirable risks to human vision. This study aimed to understand the barrier integrity of retinal endothelial cells in response to TiO2-NP exposure. bEnd.3 cells and human retinal endothelial cells (HRECs) were exposed to TiO2-NP, followed by examination of their tight junction components and functions. Results TiO2-NP treatment apparently induced a broken structure of the junctional plaques, conferring decreased transendothelial electrical resistance, a permeable paracellular cleft, and improved cell migration in vitro. This might involve rapid activation of metalloproteinase, a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 17 (ADAM17), and ADAM17-mediated claudin-5 degradation. For the in vivo study, C57BL/6 mice were administered a single dose of TiO2-NP intravitreally and then subjected to a complete ophthalmology examination. Fluorescein leakage and reduced blood flow at the optical disc indicated a damaged inner blood-retinal barrier induced by TiO2-NPs. Inappreciable change in the thickness of retinal sublayers and alleviated electroretinography amplitude were observed in the TiO2-NP-treated eyes. Conclusions Overall, our data demonstrate that TiO2-NP can damage endothelial cell function, thereby affecting retinal electrophysiology. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12989-020-00395-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Ju Chan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
| | - Po-Lin Liao
- School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Food Safety and Health Risk Assessment, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hao Tsai
- School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Food Safety and Health Risk Assessment, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wen Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fan-Li Lin
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Jau-Der Ho
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yi Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei, 110, Taiwan.,School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hao Li
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei, 110, Taiwan.
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13
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Chuang YF, Phipps AJ, Lin FL, Hecht V, Hewitt AW, Wang PY, Liu GS. Approach for in vivo delivery of CRISPR/Cas system: a recent update and future prospect. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:2683-2708. [PMID: 33388855 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03725-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated (Cas) system provides a groundbreaking genetic technology that allows scientists to modify genes by targeting specific genomic sites. Due to the relative simplicity and versatility of the CRISPR/Cas system, it has been extensively applied in human genetic research as well as in agricultural applications, such as improving crops. Since the gene editing activity of the CRISPR/Cas system largely depends on the efficiency of introducing the system into cells or tissues, an efficient and specific delivery system is critical for applying CRISPR/Cas technology. However, there are still some hurdles remaining for the translatability of CRISPR/Cas system. In this review, we summarized the approaches used for the delivery of the CRISPR/Cas system in mammals, plants, and aquacultures. We further discussed the aspects of delivery that can be improved to elevate the potential for CRISPR/Cas translatability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Fan Chuang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials and Cellular Immunomodulation, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen University Town, Shenzhen, 518055, China.,Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, 17 Liverpool Street, Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia
| | - Andrew J Phipps
- Wicking Dementia Research and Education Centre, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Fan-Li Lin
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials and Cellular Immunomodulation, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen University Town, Shenzhen, 518055, China.,Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, 17 Liverpool Street, Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia
| | - Valerie Hecht
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Alex W Hewitt
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, 17 Liverpool Street, Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia.,Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, East Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Peng-Yuan Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials and Cellular Immunomodulation, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen University Town, Shenzhen, 518055, China. .,Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia.
| | - Guei-Sheung Liu
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, 17 Liverpool Street, Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia. .,Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, East Melbourne, VIC, Australia. .,Aier Eye Institute, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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14
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Lin FL, Wang PY, Chuang YF, Wang JH, Wong VHY, Bui BV, Liu GS. Gene Therapy Intervention in Neovascular Eye Disease: A Recent Update. Mol Ther 2020; 28:2120-2138. [PMID: 32649860 PMCID: PMC7544979 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2020.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant growth of blood vessels (neovascularization) is a key feature of severe eye diseases that can cause legal blindness, including neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) and diabetic retinopathy (DR). The development of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agents has revolutionized the treatment of ocular neovascularization. Novel proangiogenic targets, such as angiopoietin and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), are under development for patients who respond poorly to anti-VEGF therapy and to reduce adverse effects from long-term VEGF inhibition. A rapidly advancing area is gene therapy, which may provide significant therapeutic benefits. Viral vector-mediated transgene delivery provides the potential for continuous production of antiangiogenic proteins, which would avoid the need for repeated anti-VEGF injections. Gene silencing with RNA interference to target ocular angiogenesis has been investigated in clinical trials. Proof-of-concept gene therapy studies using gene-editing tools such as CRISPR-Cas have already been shown to be effective in suppressing neovascularization in animal models, highlighting the therapeutic potential of the system for treatment of aberrant ocular angiogenesis. This review provides updates on the development of anti-VEGF agents and novel antiangiogenic targets. We also summarize current gene therapy strategies already in clinical trials and those with the latest approaches utilizing CRISPR-Cas gene editing against aberrant ocular neovascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan-Li Lin
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials and Cellular Immunomodulation, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China; Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7000, Australia
| | - Peng-Yuan Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials and Cellular Immunomodulation, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China; Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia.
| | - Yu-Fan Chuang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials and Cellular Immunomodulation, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China; Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7000, Australia
| | - Jiang-Hui Wang
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
| | - Vickie H Y Wong
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Bang V Bui
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Guei-Sheung Liu
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7000, Australia; Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia.
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15
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Lin FL, Cheng YW, Yu M, Ho JD, Kuo YC, Chiou GCY, Chang HM, Lee TH, Hsiao G. The fungus-derived retinoprotectant theissenolactone C improves glaucoma-like injury mediated by MMP-9 inhibition. Phytomedicine 2019; 56:207-214. [PMID: 30668341 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is a major risk factor for glaucoma that has been found to induce matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) activation and result in eventual retinal dysfunction. Proinflammatory cytokines such as monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) were also found to be involved in disease progression by mediating MMP-9 production. We previously reported that fungal derivative theissenolactone C (LC53) could exert ocular protective effects by suppressing neuroinflammation in experimental uveitis. PURPOSE The aim of this study was to investigate the retinoprotective effects of natural compound LC53 on the high IOP-induced ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-injury model of glaucoma and its cellular mechanisms. METHODS A high IOP-induced I/R-injury model was manipulated by normal saline injection into the anterior chamber of the rat eye. MCP-1-stimulated monocytes and IL-1β-activated primary astrocytes were used to investigate the cellular mechanisms of LC53. Retinal function was evaluated with the scotopic threshold response (STR) and combined rod-cone response by electroretinography (ERG). As a positive control, rats were treated with memantine. MMP-9 gelatinolysis, mRNA expression and protein expression were analyzed by gelatin zymography, RT-PCR, and Western Blot, respectively. The phosphorylation levels of MAPKs and NF-κB p65 were tested by Western Blot. Additionally, the levels of inflammatory MCP-1 and IL-1β were determined by ELISA. RESULTS The present study revealed that LC53 preserved the retina functional deficiency assessed by scotopic threshold response (STR) and combined rod-cone response of ERG after high IOP-induced I/R injury. These retinal protective effects of LC53 were positively correlated with inhibitory activities in I/R injury-elicited ocular MMP-9 activation and expression. The increased level of MCP-1 was not affected, and the enhanced IL-1β production was partially reduced by LC53 in the retina after I/R injury. According to cellular studies, LC53 significantly and concentration-dependently abrogated MMP-9 activation and expression in MCP-1-stimulated THP-1 monocytes. We found the inhibitory activities of LC53 were through the ERK- and NF-κB-dependent pathways. In addition, LC53 dramatically suppressed IL-1β-induced MMP-9 activation and expression in primary astrocytes. The phosphorylation of 65-kD protein (p65) of NF-κB was substantially blocked by LC53 in IL-1β-stimulated primary astrocytes. CONCLUSION LC53 exerted a retinal protective effect through NF-κB inhibition and was highly potent against MMP-9 activities after high IOP-induced I/R injury, suggesting that LC53 would be a promising drug lead for glaucoma or related medical conditions attributed to retinal ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan-Li Lin
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing St. Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wen Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing St. Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Min Yu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing St. Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Jau-Der Ho
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, 252 Wu-Hsing St. Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Cheng Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing St. Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - George C Y Chiou
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, 8447 Riverside Pkwy, Bryan, TX 77807, USA
| | - Hung-Ming Chang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing St. Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Tzong-Huei Lee
- Institute of Fisheries Science, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - George Hsiao
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing St. Taipei 110, Taiwan; Ph.D. Program for the Clinical Drug Discovery from Botanical Herbs, College of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing St. Taipei 110, Taiwan.
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Guo J, Wang SY, Zhu XF, Li ST, Lin FL, Li XM, Huang CL. [Effect of Shh and BM-MSC Synergism on the Proliferation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells]. Zhongguo Shi Yan Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi 2019; 26:1523-1530. [PMID: 30295278 DOI: 10.7534/j.issn.1009-2137.2018.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the effect and mechanism of shh and mesenchymal stem cell(MSC)synergism on the proliferation of hematopoietic stem cells in noninvasive co-culture system in vitro. METHODS The mesenchymal stem cells were cultured in vitro,CD34+ cells were sorted by mini MACS magnetic bead separator,flow cytometry was used to identify the purity of 2 cells. CD34+ cells and MSCs were seeded to upper and low of transwell respecibely for non-contact coculture,and add exogenous shh protein for intervenece. The number of MSCs and HSCs,the total amount of RNA,the expression of ki67 and Tie-2 mRNA of HSC,the expression of VEGF and Ang-1 mRNA of MSC were detected for investigating the condition of cell proliferation and the expression of angiogenic factors. RESULTS The total number of cells,the total amount of RNA and the relative expression of ki67, Tie-2, VEGF and Ang-1 in non-contact co-culture group increased and showed the following trends on the 7th day:the above-mentioned indexes in group MSC + HSC, group shh + HSC were higher than those in group HSC, while those in MSC + shh + HSC Group was higher than those in MSC + HSC and shh + HSC group. CONCLUSION Angiogenic factors help MSC to proliferate HSC and amplify the CD34+ hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells by shh and MSC synergism in vitro coculture system which may be related with angiogenic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Guo
- Department of Hematology,Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University,Luzhou 646000,Sichuan Province,China
| | - Shu-Yue Wang
- Department of Hematology,Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University,Luzhou 646000,Sichuan Province,China
| | - Xiao-Feng Zhu
- Department of Hematology,Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University,Luzhou 646000,Sichuan Province,China
| | - Shu-Tan Li
- Department of Hematology,Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University,Luzhou 646000,Sichuan Province,China
| | - Fan-Li Lin
- Department of Hematology,Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University,Luzhou 646000,Sichuan Province,China
| | - Xiao-Ming Li
- Department of Hematology,Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University,Luzhou 646000,Sichuan Province,China
| | - Chun-Lan Huang
- Department of Hematology,Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University,Luzhou 646000,Sichuan Province,China.E-mail:
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Lin FL, Yen JL, Kuo YC, Kang JJ, Cheng YW, Huang WJ, Hsiao G. HADC8 Inhibitor WK2-16 Therapeutically Targets Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Mouse Model of Neuroinflammation and Microglial Activation. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20020410. [PMID: 30669368 PMCID: PMC6359084 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20020410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Glial activation and neuroinflammatory processes play important roles in the pathogenesis of brain abscess and neurodegenerative diseases. Activated glial cells can secrete various proinflammatory cytokines and neurotoxic mediators, which contribute to the exacerbation of neuronal cell death. The inhibition of glial activation has been shown to alleviate neurodegenerative conditions. The present study was to investigate the specific HDAC8 inhibitor WK2-16, especially its effects on the neuroinflammatory responses through glial inactivation. WK2-16 significantly reduced the gelatinolytic activity of MMP-9, and expression of COX-2/iNOS proteins in striatal lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuroinflammation in C57BL/6 mice. The treatment of WK2-16 markedly improved neurobehavioral deficits. Immunofluorescent staining revealed that WK2-16 reduced LPS-stimulated astrogliosis and microglial activation in situ. Consistently, cellular studies revealed that WK2-16 significantly suppressed LPS-induced mouse microglia BV-2 cell proliferation. WK2-16 was proven to concentration-dependently induce the levels of acetylated SMC3 in microglial BV-2 cells. It also reduced the expression of COX-2/iNOS proteins and TNF-α production in LPS-activated microglial BV-2 cells. The signaling studies demonstrated that WK2-16 markedly inhibited LPS-activated STAT-1/-3 and Akt activation, but not NF-κB or MAPK signaling. In summary, the HDAC8 inhibitor WK2-16 exhibited neuroprotective effects through its anti-neuroinflammation and glial inactivation properties, especially in microglia in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan-Li Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112-21, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110-31, Taiwan.
| | - Jing-Lun Yen
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110-31, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Cheng Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110-31, Taiwan.
| | - Jaw-Jou Kang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112-21, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Wen Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110-31, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-Jan Huang
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110-31, Taiwan.
| | - George Hsiao
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110-31, Taiwan.
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Lin FL, Ho JD, Cheng YW, Chiou GCY, Yen JL, Chang HM, Lee TH, Hsiao G. Theissenolactone C Exhibited Ocular Protection of Endotoxin-Induced Uveitis by Attenuating Ocular Inflammatory Responses and Glial Activation. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:326. [PMID: 29686615 PMCID: PMC5900795 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a natural component, theissenolactone C (LC53), on the ocular inflammation of experimental endotoxin-induced uveitis (EIU) and its related mechanisms in microglia. Evaluation of the severity of anterior uveitis indicated that LC53 treatment significantly decreased iridal hyperemia and restored the clinical scores. Additionally, the deficient retina functions of electroretinography were improved by LC53. LC53 significantly reduced levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, protein leakage and activation of matrix metalloproteinases in the anterior section during EIU. Moreover, LC53 treatment decreased the oxidative stress as well as neuroinflammatory reactivities of GFAP and Iba-1 in the posterior section. Furthermore, LC53 decreased the phosphorylation of p65, expression of HSP90, Bax, and cleaved-caspase-3 in EIU. According to the microglia studies, LC53 significantly abrogated the productions of TNF-α, PGE2, NO and ROS, as well as inducible NO synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 expression in LPS-stimulated microglial BV2 cells. The microglial activation of IKKβ, p65 phosphorylation and nuclear phosphorylated p65 translocation were strongly attenuated by LC53. On the other hand, LC53 exhibited the inhibitory effects on JNK and ERK MAPKs activation. Our findings indicated that LC53 exerted the ocular-protective effect through its inhibition on neuroinflammation, glial activation, and apoptosis in EIU, suggesting a therapeutic potential with down-regulation of the NF-κB signaling for uveitis and retinal inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan-Li Lin
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jau-Der Ho
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wen Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - George C Y Chiou
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics and Institute of Ocular Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Jing-Lun Yen
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Ming Chang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzong-Huei Lee
- Institute of Fisheries Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - George Hsiao
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Ph.D. Program for the Clinical Drug Discovery from Botanical Herbs, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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19
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Lin CH, Wu MR, Li CH, Cheng HW, Huang SH, Tsai CH, Lin FL, Ho JD, Kang JJ, Hsiao G, Cheng YW. Editor's Highlight: Periodic Exposure to Smartphone-Mimic Low-Luminance Blue Light Induces Retina Damage Through Bcl-2/BAX-Dependent Apoptosis. Toxicol Sci 2017; 157:196-210. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfx030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
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20
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Lin FL, Lin CH, Ho JD, Yen JL, Chang HM, Chiou GCY, Cheng YW, Hsiao G. The natural retinoprotectant chrysophanol attenuated photoreceptor cell apoptosis in an N-methyl-N-nitrosourea-induced mouse model of retinal degenaration. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41086. [PMID: 28112220 PMCID: PMC5253624 DOI: 10.1038/srep41086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is an inherited photoreceptor-degenerative disease, and neuronal degeneration in RP is exacerbated by glial activation. Cassia seed (Jue-ming-zi) is a traditional herbal medicine commonly used to treat ocular diseases in Asia. In this report, we investigated the retina-protective effect of chrysophanol, an active component of Cassia seed, in an N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU)-induced mouse model of RP. We determined that chrysophanol inhibited the functional and morphological features of MNU-induced retinal degeneration using scotopic electroretinography (ERG), optical coherence tomography (OCT), and immunohistochemistry analysis of R/G opsin and rhodopsin. Furthermore, TUNEL assays revealed that chrysophanol attenuated MNU-induced photoreceptor cell apoptosis and inhibited the expression of the apoptosis-associated proteins PARP, Bax, and caspase-3. In addition, chrysophanol ameliorated reactive gliosis, as demonstrated by a decrease in GFAP immunolabeling, and suppressed the activation of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9-mediated gelatinolysis. In vitro studies indicated that chrysophanol inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced iNOS and COX-2 expression in the BV2 mouse microglia cell line and inhibited MMP-9 activation in primary microglia. Our results demonstrate that chrysophanol provided neuroprotective effects and inhibited glial activation, suggesting that chrysophanol might have therapeutic value for the treatment of human RP and other retinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan-Li Lin
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hui Lin
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jau-Der Ho
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Lun Yen
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Ming Chang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - George C Y Chiou
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics and Institute of Ocular Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Yu-Wen Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - George Hsiao
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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21
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Chu CH, Chou CY, Lin FL. Generalized eczema craquelé (asteatotic dermatitis) associated with pemetrexed treatment. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2016; 30:e81-e83. [PMID: 26416293 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.13329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C-H Chu
- Department of Dermatology, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - C Y Chou
- Department of Dermatology, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - F L Lin
- Department of Dermatology, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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22
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Lin CH, Liao PL, Hsiao G, Li CH, Huang SH, Tsai CH, Wu MR, Lin FL, Ho JD, Cheng HW, Cheng YW. Long-term Fluorometholone Topical Use Induces Ganglion Cell Damage in Rats Analyzed With Optical Coherence Tomography. Toxicol Sci 2015; 147:317-25. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfv132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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Chou YC, Sheu JR, Chung CL, Chen CY, Lin FL, Hsu MJ, Kuo YH, Hsiao G. Nuclear-targeted inhibition of NF-kappaB on MMP-9 production by N-2-(4-bromophenyl) ethyl caffeamide in human monocytic cells. Chem Biol Interact 2010; 184:403-12. [PMID: 20093109 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2010.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2009] [Revised: 12/30/2009] [Accepted: 01/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant remodeling of the extracellular matrix occurs in many pathological processes, and its breakdown is mainly accomplished by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which participate in the course of inflammation and tumor invasion. Nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), a key transcription factor for the production of MMP-9, can be activated by various proinflammatory cytokines and promotes inflammation. In the present study, we investigated the intracellular mechanism for the inhibitory effects of an analogue of N-hydroxycinnamoylphenalkylamides, N-2-(4-bromophenyl) ethyl caffeamide (EK5), on tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha stimulated expression of MMP-9 in a human monocytic cell line, THP-1. Our results show that TNF-alpha-induced expression of MMP-9 at both mRNA and protein levels was completely blocked by EK5 in a concentration-dependent (1-20microM) manner. We also found that EK5 markedly suppressed NF-kappaB signaling as detected by the NF-kappaB reporter gene assay but had no effects on the degradation of IkappaBalpha or translocation of NF-kappaB. Interestingly, chromatin immunoprecipitation results revealed that the association between p65 and MMP-9 promoter gene was completely abrogated by EK5, but the p65 phosphorylation was not affected. Overall, our findings suggest that EK5 inhibits MMP-9 production through the nuclear-targeted down-regulation of NF-kappaB signaling in human monocytic cells and this may provide a novel molecular basis of EK5 activity. Further studies are needed to verify its anti-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Chen Chou
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 110-31, Taiwan
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Hu WP, Wang JJ, Lin FL, Lin YC, Lin SR, Hsu MH. An efficient synthesis of pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]benzodiazepine. Synthesis of the antibiotic DC-81. J Org Chem 2001; 66:2881-3. [PMID: 11304219 DOI: 10.1021/jo010043d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W P Hu
- School of Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Lin FL, Majumdar A, Klotz LC, Reszka AP, Neidle S, Seidman MM. Stability of DNA triplexes on shuttle vector plasmids in the replication pool in mammalian cells. J Biol Chem 2000; 275:39117-24. [PMID: 10993885 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m005404200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple helix-forming oligonucleotides may be useful as gene-targeting reagents in vivo, for applications such as gene knockout. One important property of these complexes is their often remarkable stability, as demonstrated in solution and in cells following transfection. Although encouraging, these measurements do not necessarily report triplex stability in cellular compartments that support DNA functions such as replication and mutagenesis. We have devised a shuttle vector plasmid assay that reports the stability of triplexes on DNA that undergoes replication and mutagenesis. The assay is based on plasmids with novel variant supF tRNA genes containing embedded sequences for triplex formation and psoralen cross-linking. Triple helix-forming oligonucleotides were linked to psoralen and used to form triplexes on the plasmids. At various times after introduction into cells, the psoralen was activated by exposure to long wave ultraviolet light (UVA). After time for replication and mutagenesis, progeny plasmids were recovered and the frequency of plasmids with mutations in the supF gene determined. Site-specific mutagenesis by psoralen cross-links was dependent on precise placement of the psoralen by the triple helix-forming oligonucleotide at the time of UVA treatment. The results indicated that both pyrimidine and purine motif triplexes were much less stable on replicated DNA than on DNA in vitro or in total transfected DNA. Incubation of cells with amidoanthraquinone-based triplex stabilizing compounds enhanced the stability of the pyrimidine triplex.
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Affiliation(s)
- F L Lin
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- N C Chien
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Differences in lung volumes among various ethnic groups are known to occur; however, this has not been studied in Filipinos. OBJECTIVE We sought to assess pulmonary function in healthy, nonsmoking Filipinos residing in the United States compared with standards for white subjects. METHODS Healthy adult Filipinos, age 18 years or greater, were recruited. All subjects were screened with health questionnaires to exclude those with cardiopulmonary disease. Pulmonary function tests were performed by using forced expiratory maneuvers. Values for FEV(1 ), forced vital capacity (FVC), FEV(1 )/FVC, forced expiratory flow from 25% to 75% of FVC, and peak expiratory flow rate were compared with predicted values for white subjects (ie, without a racial adjustment). RESULTS Two hundred twenty-four healthy subjects (121 men and 103 women) completed the study. The group means (as a percentage of the predicted standard for white subjects) were as follows: FEV(1 ), 86%; FVC, 84%; FEV(1 )/FVC, 103%; forced expiratory flow from 25% to 75% of FVC, 96%; and peak expiratory flow rate, 107%. These findings are very similar to those for African Americans and other Asians. CONCLUSION We conclude that it is appropriate to use an 85% racial adjustment for FEV(1 ) and FVC when interpreting pulmonary function test results in Filipinos.
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Affiliation(s)
- F L Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine (Allergy Division), Naval Medical Center, San Diego 92134-5000, USA
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Majumdar A, Khorlin A, Dyatkina N, Lin FL, Powell J, Liu J, Fei Z, Khripine Y, Watanabe KA, George J, Glazer PM, Seidman MM. Targeted gene knockout mediated by triple helix forming oligonucleotides. Nat Genet 1998; 20:212-4. [PMID: 9771719 DOI: 10.1038/2530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Triple helix forming oligonucleotides (TFOs) recognize and bind sequences in duplex DNA and have received considerable attention because of their potential for targeting specific genomic sites. TFOs can deliver DNA reactive reagents to specific sequences in purified chromosomal DNA (ref. 4) and nuclei. However, chromosome targeting in viable cells has not been demonstrated, and in vitro experiments indicate that chromatin structure is incompatible with triplex formation. We have prepared modified TFOs, linked to the DNA-crosslinking reagent psoralen, directed at a site in the Hprt gene. We show that stable Hprt-deficient clones can be recovered following introduction of the TFOs into viable cells and photoactivation of the psoralen. Analysis of 282 clones indicated that 85% contained mutations in the triplex target region. We observed mainly deletions and some insertions. These data indicate that appropriately constructed TFOs can find chromosomal targets, and suggest that the chromatin structure in the target region is more dynamic than predicted by the in vitro experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Majumdar
- National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland 21224-6825, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- F L Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Naval Medical Center San Diego, CA 92134-5000, USA
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Katial RK, Lin FL, Stafford WW, Ledoux RA, Westley CR, Weber RW. Mugwort and sage (Artemisia) pollen cross-reactivity: ELISA inhibition and immunoblot evaluation. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 1997; 79:340-6. [PMID: 9357380 DOI: 10.1016/s1081-1206(10)63025-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plants of the genus Artemisia are a source of fall allergic symptoms, particularly in the western United States. Studies have characterized the allergens in one of the major species (A. vulgaris) but currently there are no cross-reactivity data on the major United States species. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate the in vitro cross-reactivity among nine Artemisia species: A. frigida, A. annua, A. biennis, A. filifolia, A. tridentata, A. californica, A. gnaphalodes, A. ludoviciana, and A. vulgaris. METHODS The cross-reactivity was demonstrated with the use of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) inhibitions and immunoblotting techniques utilizing a serum pool from patients allergic to Artemisia species. RESULTS The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay inhibitions revealed strong cross-reactivity among all nine species with A. biennis and A. tridentata being two of the strongest inhibitors. The polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed a great deal of similarity in the bands among the nine species. The nitrocellulose blots showed similar IgE binding patterns among the Artemisia species with strong inhibition among all nine extracts. CONCLUSIONS These data all demonstrate very strong in vitro cross-reactivity among the nine Artemisia species studied. Such data have significant clinical relevance, suggesting that a single Artemisia species may be sufficient for allergy skin testing and formulation of immunotherapy extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Katial
- Allergy and Immunology Service, Fitzsimons Army Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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Ko WJ, Lin FL, Wang SS, Chu SH. Hypomagnesia and arrhythmia corrected by replacing cyclosporine with FK506 in a heart transplant recipient. J Heart Lung Transplant 1997; 16:980-2. [PMID: 9322151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- W J Ko
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Abstract
This study examined the construct validity and the internal consistency of a newly developed assessment, the Work Environment Impact Scale (WEIS). After administration to 20 individuals with psychiatric disabilities, Rasch analysis was utilized to scrutinize the data. For this study, criteria for determining unexpected person/item responses were based on the following criteria: MNSQ > 1.3 and <formula>$\underline{t}>2.0$</formula>. Persons/items with MNSQ < 0.7 and <formula>$\underline{t}<-2.0$</formula> were examined to enhance instrument precision but were not considered misfit. Results suggest that the WEIS is an appropriate and valid instrument to utilize with workers who have psychiatric disabilities. Overall, the items appeared to match the worker's need for performance, satisfaction, and well-being as the mean of persons measure is 0.30 ± 0.49 logits more than the mean of items measured. In addition the hierarchical order of items is consistent with literature identifying environmental press and affordance for workers with psychiatric disabilities. WEIS items constitute a uni-dimensional construct given that the summary statistics for both item and person had a MNSQ of 1.00 and 1.02 respectively and both <formula>$\underline{t}$</formula> values were -0.2. However, three items exceeded the established criterion for being too informative given the MNSQ < 0.7 and a <formula>$\underline{t}<-2.0$</formula>., suggesting these needed to be revised to enhance the quality measurement of the instrument. One hundred percent of the workers fit the expected response pattern of the Rasch model suggesting that workers with greater satisfaction, performance and health had a higher degree of match with his/her occupational environment. In summary, anecdotal data suggested that the WEIS provided clinically relevant information useful for planning of work-related interventions or reasonable accommodations.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Corner
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Occupational Therapy 1919 W. Taylor Chicago, IL, USA, 60612
| | - G Kielhofner
- Department of Occupational Therapy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - F L Lin
- Department of Occupational Therapy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- F L Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine (Allergy Division), Naval Medical Center, San Diego, CA 92134-5000, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Kelso
- Department of Internal Medicine [Allergy Division], Naval Medical Center, San Diego, CA 92134-5000
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Lin FL, Hsu JC, Wang TC, Yang TL, Lin YN, Liu MT, Chang MC. Primary malignant lymphoma of the breast: report of two cases with literature review. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi (Taipei) 1993; 51:231-4. [PMID: 8490799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
We report two cases of malignant lymphoma of the breast. Extensive investigation on both, demonstrated only a neoplastic lesion confined within the breast. One was managed by local excision, systemic chemotherapy and adjuvant radiotherapy; the other was managed by a modified radical mastectomy, adjuvant radiotherapy and therapeutic chemotherapy. Both of them achieved complete remission 3 years and 1.5 years respectively after management.
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Affiliation(s)
- F L Lin
- Department of General Surgery, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Abstract
To test the validity of various models for recombination between extrachromosomal DNAs in mammalian cells, we measured recombination between a plasmid containing a herpesvirus thymidine kinase (tk) gene with an internal BamHI linker insertion mutation (ptkB8) and a tk gene deleted at both ends (tk delta 3' delta 5'). The two DNAs shared 885 base pairs of perfect tk homology except for the interruption at the linker insertion site. Recombination events that restored the mutated insertion site to wild type were monitored by the generation of hypoxanthine-aminopterine-thymidine-resistant colonies after cotransformation of Ltk- cells with the two DNAs. We found that cleavage of the ptkB8 DNA at the linker insertion site was essential for gene restoration. If the tk delta 3' delta 5' DNA was ligated into mp10 vector DNA, then recombination with the cleaved ptkB8 DNA was inefficient. In contrast, if it was excised from that vector by cleavage at flanking restriction sites, then recombination was stimulated about 150-fold. Using restriction site polymorphisms, we showed that most of the recombination events leading to restoration of the tk gene with the excised tk delta 3' delta 5' fragment involved three double-strand duplexes: two ptkB8 DNAs and one tk delta 3' delta 5' fragment. These results are much more readily explained by the single-strand annealing model of recombination than by the double-strand break repair model, and they suggest that the deficiency of the latter pathway for extrachromosomal mammalian recombination may be due, at least in part, to the obligate tripartite nature of the reaction. Finally, we measured the effect of DNA homology on the efficiency of the ptkB8-tk delta 3' delta 5' reaction. Our results showed a near-linear relationship between the efficiency of recombination and the amount of homology flanking either side of the linker insertion site. Moreover, we could detect thymidine kinase-positive transformants with as little as 10 base pairs of homology.
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Affiliation(s)
- F L Lin
- E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., Inc., Central Research and Development Department, Wilmington, DE 19880-0328
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Lin FL, Sperle K, Sternberg N. Intermolecular recombination between DNAs introduced into mouse L cells is mediated by a nonconservative pathway that leads to crossover products. Mol Cell Biol 1990; 10:103-12. [PMID: 2294396 PMCID: PMC360717 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.10.1.103-112.1990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe experiments designed to measure the efficiency of intermolecular recombination between mutant herpesvirus thymidine kinase (tk) genes introduced into mouse L cells. Recombinants were scored as stable transformants containing a functional tk gene. The two recombination substrates used were ptkB8, a pBR322-based plasmid containing a mutant tk gene, with a BamHI linker in an SphI restriction site that is centrally located within the gene, and mp10tk delta 3' delta 5', an mp10 vector with a tk gene deleted at both the 3' and 5' ends. The only homology shared by the two DNAs is 885 base pairs within the tk gene. To determine whether the double-strand break repair model that has been used to explain recombination in yeast cells (J. W. Szostak, T. L. Orr-Weaver, R. J. Rothstein, and F. W. Stahl, Cell 33:25-35, 1983) can account for recombination during the introduction of these DNAs into mammalian cells, we transformed cells with BamHI-linearized ptkB8 and supercoiled mp10tk delta 3' delta 5' replicative-form DNA. These two DNAs should recombine efficiently according to that model and should generate gene conversion products. In this reaction, the supercoiled DNA acts as the donor of information to repair the cleaved tk gene. Our results indicated that the efficiency of this reaction was very low (less than 10 transformants were obtained per 0.1 microgram of each DNA used in the reaction per 10(6) cells). In contrast, if BamHI-cleaved ptkB8 DNA was cotransformed into cells along with a circular DNA molecule containing a tk gene deleted only at its 3' end or only at its 5' end (mp10tk delta 3' or mp10tk delta 5'), then the efficiency of recombination could be more than 4 orders of magnitude higher than it was with circular mp10tk delta 3' delta 5' DNA. Recombination frequencies were highest when the tk delta 3' or tk delta 5' DNA used was cleaved at the tk deletion junction. Southern analyses of DNA from TK+ transformants generated with BamHI-cleaved ptkB8 and BamHI-cleaved mp10tk delta 3' DNAs indicated that recombination was almost always associated with the reassortment of markers flanking the reconstructed tk DNA. Together, these results are more consistent with the nonconservative single-strand annealing model for recombination that we proposed several years ago (F.-L. Lin, K. Sperle, and N. Sternberg, Mol. Cell. Biol. 4:1020-1034, 1984) than they are with the double-strand break repair model.
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Affiliation(s)
- F L Lin
- E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., Inc., Central Research and Development Department, Wilmington, Delaware 19880-0328
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Abstract
Clinicians frequently rely on serum theophylline concentrations (STCs) as an indicator of compliance for asthma medications. Most patients with good compliance do not have excessive fluctuations during routine STC monitoring. However, our experience is that in certain patients, persistently low or erratic STCs may be a sign of abnormal theophylline disposition. With careful analysis of theophylline absorption (STC every 2 hours for 24 hours after oral theophylline doses) and elimination (serial STC for 12 hours after an intravenous dose of aminophylline), we identified several patients with previously unrecognized anomalies of theophylline pharmacokinetics. These include (1) a 16-year-old girl with consistent temporal fluctuation in STCs during administration of a sustained-release formulation every 8 hours because of delayed absorption and enhanced elimination of theophylline at night, (2) a 13-year-old girl with markedly delayed absorption of a once-daily preparation administered in the evening, (3) a 5-year-old boy with erratic absorption of a liquid theophylline preparation with significantly increased STCs during the night, and (4) a 49-year-old man with 60% bioavailability of aminophylline tablets. Based on these observations, we suggest that clinicians carefully consider the possibility of abnormalities in theophylline disposition before assuming unexpected deviations in STCs are solely the result of noncompliance.
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Affiliation(s)
- A F Kossoy
- Allergy-Immunology Service, Fitzsimons Army Medical Center, Aurora, Colo
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Abstract
A patient developed hypereosinophilia (13,440 cells per cubic millimeter) 6 weeks after beginning the ingestion of bee pollen. Symptoms included generalized malaise, headache, nausea, abdominal pain diarrhea, generalized pruritus, and decreased memory. Evaluation revealed no other known cause for the patient's hypereosinophilia, which resolved after bee-pollen ingestion was stopped. The product contained a mixture of entomophilous and anemophilous pollens to which the patient was skin test positive. An open challenge with the bee pollen later reproduced the presenting symptoms with a concomitant rise of the eosinophil count from 207 to 890 cells per cubic millimeter. The patient has since remained well avoiding bee pollen. This study strongly suggests that hypereosinophilia with attendant pathophysiologic disturbances may be an adverse reaction to bee-pollen ingestion in atopic individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- F L Lin
- Allergy-Immunology Service, Fitzsimons Army Medical Center, Aurora, Colo. 80045-5001
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Lin FL, Sperle KM, Sternberg NL. Extrachromosomal recombination in mammalian cells as studied with single- and double-stranded DNA substrates. Mol Cell Biol 1987; 7:129-40. [PMID: 3561389 PMCID: PMC365049 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.7.1.129-140.1987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously proposed a model to account for the high levels of homologous recombination that can occur during the introduction of DNA into mammalian cells (F.-L. Lin, K. Sperle, and N. Sternberg, Mol. Cell. Biol. 4:1020-1034, 1984). An essential feature of that model is that linear molecules with ends appropriately located between homologous DNA segments are efficient substrates for an exonuclease that acts in a 5'----3' direction. That process generates complementary single strands that pair in homologous regions to produce an intermediate that is processed efficiently to a recombinant molecule. An alternative model, in which strand degradation occurs in the 3'----5' direction, is also possible. In this report, we describe experiments that tested several of the essential features of the model. We first confirmed and extended our previous results with double-stranded DNA substrates containing truncated herpesvirus thymidine kinase (tk) genes (tk delta 5' and tk delta 3'). The results illustrate the importance of the location of double-strand breaks in the successful reconstruction of the tk gene by recombination. We next transformed cells with pairs of single-stranded DNAs containing truncated tk genes which should anneal in cells to generate the recombination intermediates predicted by the two alternative models. One of the intermediates would be the favored substrate in our original 5'----3' degradative model and the other would be the favored substrate in the alternative 3'----5' degradative model. Our results indicate that the intermediate favored by the 3'----5' model is 10 to 20 times more efficient in generating recombinant tk genes than is the other intermediate.
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Lin FL, Sperle K, Sternberg N. Recombination in mouse L cells between DNA introduced into cells and homologous chromosomal sequences. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1985; 82:1391-5. [PMID: 3856266 PMCID: PMC397267 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.82.5.1391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we show that DNA added to mouse L cells by the calcium phosphate method can be inserted into the genome of those cells by homologous recombination. The insertion event is detected because it reconstructs a functional thymidine kinase (tk) gene from two defective genes that share 320 base pairs of homology. One of the genes is missing its 5' portion (tk delta 5') and is in the cell's chromosome, and the other is missing its 3' portion (tk delta 3') and is in the introduced DNA. Gene reconstruction by homologous insertion is relatively inefficient; approximately one Tk+ transformant is produced per 10(6) cells per 4 micrograms of added tk DNA, a frequency of about 10(-5) that of normal tk gene transformation. The Tk+ transformants produced by homologous recombination contain Sma I and Pvu II fragments that are diagnostic of the intact tk gene, contain a herpesvirus-specific thymidine kinase activity, and can transfer the Tk+ phenotype to Tk- cells by DNA-mediated gene transfer. Two surprising observations made in the course of these studies were that only 1 of 10 Tk- cell lines containing defective tk genes could be transformed to Tk+ by homologous insertion of the complementary defective tk gene and that relatively little illegitimate insertion of introduced tk DNA into cellular DNA was detected in those cells that were transformed to Tk+ by homologous recombination.
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Lin FL, Sperle K, Sternberg N. Model for homologous recombination during transfer of DNA into mouse L cells: role for DNA ends in the recombination process. Mol Cell Biol 1984; 4:1020-34. [PMID: 6330525 PMCID: PMC368869 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.4.6.1020-1034.1984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
We have constructed phage lambda and plasmid DNA substrates (lambda tk2 and ptk2) that contain two defective herpesvirus thymidine kinase (tk) genes that can be used to detect homologous recombination during the transfer of DNA into mouse L cells deficient in thymidine kinase activity. The recombination event reconstructs a wild-type tk gene and is scored because it converts Tk- cells to Tk+. Using this system, we have shown that (i) both intramolecular and intermolecular homologous recombination can be detected after gene transfer; (ii) the degree of recombination decreases with decreasing tk gene homology; and (iii) the efficiency of recombination can be stimulated 10- to 100-fold by cutting the tk2 DNA with restriction enzymes at appropriate sites relative to the recombining sequences. Based on the substrate requirements for these recombination events, we propose a model to explain how recombination might occur in mammalian cells. The essential features of the model are that the cut restriction site ends are substrates for cellular exonucleases that degrade DNA strands. This process exposes complementary strands of the two defective tk genes, which then pair. Removal of unpaired DNA at the junction between the paired and unpaired regions permits a gap repair process to reconstruct an intact gene.
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Lin FL, Sternberg N. Homologous recombination between overlapping thymidine kinase gene fragments stably inserted into a mouse cell genome. Mol Cell Biol 1984; 4:852-61. [PMID: 6328272 PMCID: PMC368827 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.4.5.852-861.1984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
We have constructed a substrate to study homologous recombination between adjacent segments of chromosomal DNA. This substrate, designated lambda tk2 , consists of one completely defective and one partially defective herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (tk) gene cloned in bacteriophage lambda DNA. The two genes have homologous 984-base-pair sequences and are separated by 3 kilobases of largely vector DNA. When lambda tk2 DNA was transferred into mouse LMtk- cells by the calcium phosphate method, rare TK+ transformants were obtained that contained many (greater than 40) copies of the unrecombined DNA. Tk- revertants, which had lost most of the copies of unrecombined DNA, were isolated from these TK+-transformed lines. Two of these Tk- lines were further studied by analysis of their reversion back to the Tk+ phenotype. They generated ca. 200 Tk+ revertants per 10(8) cells after growth in nonselecting medium for 5 days. All of these Tk+ revertants have an intact tk gene reconstructed by homologous recombination; they also retain various amounts of unrecombined lambda tk2 DNA. Southern blot analysis suggested that at least some of the recombination events involve unequal sister chromatid exchanges. We also tested three agents, mitomycin C, 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate, and mezerein, that are thought to stimulate recombination to determine whether they affect the reversion from Tk- to Tk+. Only mitomycin C increased the number of Tk+ revertants.
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Hsu LM, Lin FL, Nurse K, Ofengand J. Covalent crosslinking of Escherichia coli phenylalanyl-tRNA and valyl-tRNA to the ribosomal A site via photoaffinity probes attached to the 4-thiouridine residue. J Mol Biol 1984; 172:57-76. [PMID: 6319713 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(84)90414-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
tRNAPhe and tRNAVal of Escherichia coli were derivatized at the S4U8 position with p-azidophenacyl and p-azidophenacylacetate photoaffinity probes. The modified tRNAs could still function efficiently in all of the partial reactions of protein synthesis except for an approximately sevenfold decrease in the rate of translocation. Irradiation (310 to 340 nm) of probe-modified Phe-tRNA or Val-tRNA placed in the ribosomal A site led to crosslinking that was totally dependent on irradiation, the presence of the azido group on the probe, mRNA, and elongation factor Tu (EFTu). Prephotolysis of the modified tRNA abolished crosslinking, but prephotolysis of the ribosomes and factors had little effect. Crosslinking was efficiently quenched by mercaptoethanol or dithiothreitol, demonstrating accessibility of the probe to solvent. Use of GDPCP in place of GTP also blocked crosslinking, probably because of the retention of EFTu on the ribosome. Crosslinking with the p-azidophenacyl acetate (12 A) probe was only half as efficient as with the p-azidophenacyl (9 A) probe, and this ratio was not changed by varying Mg2+ from 5 to 15 mM. The crosslink was from a functional A site, since AcPhePhe-tRNA at the A site could be crosslinked, and it was A site-specific, because neither translocation nor direct non-enzymatic P site binding yielded any significant covalent product. The crosslink was to ribosomal protein(s) of the 30 S subunit. No other ribosomal component was crosslinked. Identification of the protein crosslinked is described in the accompanying paper.
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Lin FL, Boublik M, Ofengand J. Immunoelectron microscopic localization of the S19 site on the 30 S ribosomal subunit which is crosslinked to A site bound transfer RNA. J Mol Biol 1984; 172:41-55. [PMID: 6198524 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(84)90413-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Phe-tRNA of Escherichia coli, specifically derivatized at the S4U8 position with the 9 A long p-azidophenacyl photoaffinity probe, was crosslinked exclusively to protein S19 of the 30 S ribosomal subunit when the transfer RNA occupied the ribosomal A site (Lin et al., 1983). Two antigenic sites for S19 are known, on opposite sides of the head of the subunit. In this work, discrimination between these two sites was accomplished by affinity immunoelectron microscopy. A dinitrophenyl group was placed on the acp3U47 residue of the same tRNA molecules bearing the photoprobe on S4U8. Addition of this group affected neither aminoacylation, A site binding, nor crosslinking. It also made possible specific affinity purification of crosslinked tRNA-30 S complexes from unreactive 30 S. Reaction of the 2,4-dinitrophenyl-labeled tRNA-30 S complex with antibody was followed by immunoelectron microscopy to reveal the sites of attachment. All of the bound antibody was associated with the ribosome region corresponding to only one of the two known antigenic sites for S19, namely the one closer to the large side projection of the 30 S subunit. A site within this region must be within 10 A of the S4U8 residue of tRNA when it is bound in the ribosomal A site.
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Lin FL, Kahan L, Ofengand J. Crosslinking of phenylalanyl-tRNA to the ribosomal A site via a photoaffinity probe attached to the 4-thiouridine residue is exclusively to ribosomal protein S19. J Mol Biol 1984; 172:77-86. [PMID: 6363713 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(84)90415-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Phe-tRNA of Escherichia coli, specifically derivatized at the S4U8 position with the 9 A long p-azidophenacyl photoaffinity probe, can be crosslinked to 30 S ribosomal protein when the tRNA is placed at the ribosomal A site. This protein has now been identified by immunological methods. The protein-[3H]Phe-tRNA covalent complex, obtained by extraction with 6 M-urea, was reacted separately with each of the 21 purified antisera to 30 S ribosomal proteins. The double antibody technique was used. Anti-S19 was the only antiserum able to precipitate the radioactivity, and 66 to 81% of the added radioactivity could be precipitated. The same result was obtained with three different ribosome preparations, at low as well as high crosslinking yield, with dipeptidyl-tRNA in the A site as well as aminoacyl-tRNA, and when binding and crosslinking were performed at 20 mM-Mg2+ instead of at 5 mM. Therefore, when aminoacyl-tRNA or peptidyl-tRNA is in the ribosomal A site, position 8, which is always uridine or 4-thiouridine, must be within 9 A of protein S19.
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Hsieh YY, Huang JD, Lin FL, Chen RR, Lin MS, Hsu KL, Chen JH, Wu TL, Su CT, Hsu JC. Absorption and elimination kinetics of digoxin after multiple oral doses. Taiwan Yi Xue Hui Za Zhi 1983; 82:1269-78. [PMID: 6585473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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