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Grassi MS, Montenegro M, Zanardo EA, Pastorino AC, Dorna MB, Kim C, Jatene M, Miura N, Kulikowski L, Carneiro-Sampaio M. Investigação Citogenômica de Crianças com Doença Cardíaca Congênita: Experiência de um Centro no Brasil. Arq Bras Cardiol 2021; 118:61-67. [PMID: 35195210 PMCID: PMC8959050 DOI: 10.36660/abc.20190894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fundamento Algumas síndromes têm características específicas e facilmente reconhecíveis, enquanto outras podem ser mais complexas de se identificar e podem apresentar diferentes manifestações fenotípicas, por exemplo. Um diagnóstico etiológico é importante para entender a natureza da doença, para estabelecer o prognóstico e para começar o tratamento, permitindo a inclusão de pacientes na sociedade e reduzindo o custo financeiro dessas doenças. Objetivo A proposta inicial deste estudo foi a triagem citogenética para detectar a síndrome de deleção 22q11.2 (SD22q11.2) em recém-nascidos e crianças com doença cardíaca congênita utilizando a técnica da amplificação multiplex de sondas dependente de ligação (MLPA). Assim, por meio da pesquisa, outras mudanças genômicas foram identificadas nesses pacientes cardíacos. Nosso objetivo se estendeu a investigar essas outras mudanças citogenéticas. Métodos Investigamos 118 recém-nascidos com doenças cardíacas congênitas nascidos consecutivamente durante um ano, utilizando a técnica da MLPA. Resultados A técnica da MLPA permitiu a detecção da SD22q11.2 em 10/118 pacientes (8,5%). Outras alterações genômicas foram identificadas em 6/118 pacientes (5%): 1p36 del, 8p23 del (2 casos), 7q dup, 12 dup e 8q24 dup. Conclusão Este estudo ressalta a relevância da detecção de alterações genômicas que estão presentes em recém-nascidos e crianças com doenças cardíacas congênitas por meio de ferramentas citogenômicas.
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Wagner-Mahler K, Kurzenne JY, Gastaud F, Hoflack M, Panaia Ferrari P, Berard E, Giuliano F, Karmous-Benailly H, Moceri P, Jouannelle C, Bourcier M, Robart E, Morel Y. Is interstitial 8p23 microdeletion responsible of 46,XY gonadal dysgenesis? One case report from birth to puberty. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019; 7:e558. [PMID: 30690934 PMCID: PMC6418366 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chromosome 8p deletions are associated with a variety of conditions, including cardiac abnormalities, mental, behavioral problems with variable morphotype and genitourinary anomalies in boys. METHODS We describe the follow-up over almost 15 years of a boy who initially presented with perineal hypospadias with a micropenis and cryptorchidism with 46,XY DSD. RESULTS Imaging, pathology, and hormonal exploration suggested gonadal dysgenesis. Further genetic studies were deemed necessary during follow-up. The child's further development recommended further genetic analyses. High-resolution analysis showed an interstitial deletion on the short arm of a chromosome 8: 46,XY,del(8)(p23.1p23.1). We reviewed the literature and found 102 cases including 54 boys: 62.7% had mental problems, 50.9% a dysmorphic disorder, 55.9% cardiac anomalies, and 46.3% of the boys had genitourinary anomalies. Our patient's genital abnormalities can be explained by the haploinsufficiency of the genes, such as GATA4 (OMIM 600576) that are included in the deleted area. CONCLUSION This case of severe 46,XY DSD raises the question of the role played by 8p23 microdeletion in gonadal dysgenesis. Clinicians are encouraged to look for this anomaly on chromosome 8 in cases of unexplained gonadal dysgenesis even when few signs suggestive of this anomaly are present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathy Wagner-Mahler
- Département de Pédiatrie, Centre Hospitalier de Nice, Nice, France.,Hôpitaux Pédiatriques de Nice CHU Lenval, Nice, France
| | - Jean-Yves Kurzenne
- Département de Pédiatrie, Centre Hospitalier de Nice, Nice, France.,Hôpitaux Pédiatriques de Nice CHU Lenval, Nice, France
| | | | - Marie Hoflack
- Hôpitaux Pédiatriques de Nice CHU Lenval, Nice, France
| | | | - Etienne Berard
- Département de Pédiatrie, Centre Hospitalier de Nice, Nice, France
| | | | | | - Pamela Moceri
- Département de Cardiologie, Centre Hospitalier de Nice, Nice, France
| | | | | | - Elise Robart
- Hôpitaux Pédiatriques de Nice CHU Lenval, Nice, France
| | - Yves Morel
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lyon - HCL GH Est, Centre de Biologie et Pathologie Est, Bron, France
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Chen SY, Wang XD, Yang TZ, Yu HY. Fetal Persistent Left Superior Vena Cava with Trisomy 21: A Case Report and Literature Review. Pediatr Neonatol 2016; 57:252-5. [PMID: 26747617 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedneo.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Yu Chen
- Department of Ultrasonic Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Tai-Zhu Yang
- Department of Ultrasonic Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hai-Yan Yu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Jo YH, Kim HO, Lee J, Lee SS, Cho CH, Kang IS, Choe WJ, Baik HH, Yoon KS. MCPH1 protein expression and polymorphisms are associated with risk of breast cancer. Gene 2013; 517:184-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2012.12.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2012] [Revised: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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5
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Aguiar P, Cruz D, Rodrigues RF, Araújo F, Ducla Soares JL. Subvalvular aortic stenosis associated with 8p23 deletion. REVISTA PORTUGUESA DE CARDIOLOGIA (ENGLISH EDITION) 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.repce.2013.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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6
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Aguiar P, Cruz D, Ferro Rodrigues R, Araújo F, Ducla Soares JL. [Subvalvular aortic stenosis associated with 8p23 deletion]. Rev Port Cardiol 2013; 32:153-7. [PMID: 23352459 DOI: 10.1016/j.repc.2012.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2012] [Accepted: 05/03/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the case of a 35-year-old man admitted due to heart failure, who had had moderate cognitive deficit, craniofacial dysmorphism, epilepsy, panic attacks and congenital heart disease (subvalvular aortic stenosis) associated with chronic atrial fibrillation since childhood. In view of his facial dysmorphism and clinical presentation, karyotype analysis was performed and revealed a de novo interstitial deletion in chromosome 8 in the region p23.1-p23.2. This is a rare chromosomal anomaly (about 50 descriptions in the literature), whose most common manifestations include heart defects, cognitive retardation and behavioral disturbances. In this paper we present the first case with associated subvalvular aortic stenosis and review the literature on this chromosomal abnormality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrício Aguiar
- Serviço de Medicina I, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal.
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Tubbs R, Blount J, Oakes WJ. Persistence of the left superior vena cava in a patient with duplication of chromosome 8p—A case report. Int J Angiol 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s00547-004-1065-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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8
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Sasaki A, Hayashi S, Oi R, Anami A, Hanaoka M, Miyazaki O, Matsuoka K, Sago H. A fetus diagnosed with Casamassima-Morton-Nance syndrome with de novo
del(8)(p23.1). Prenat Diagn 2011; 31:407-9. [DOI: 10.1002/pd.2688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2010] [Revised: 11/10/2010] [Accepted: 11/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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9
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Association between SNP rs10569304 on the second expressed region of hole gene and the congenital heart disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 30:430-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s11596-010-0444-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2010] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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10
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Wat MJ, Shchelochkov OA, Holder AM, Breman AM, Dagli A, Bacino C, Scaglia F, Zori RT, Cheung SW, Scott DA, Kang SHL. Chromosome 8p23.1 deletions as a cause of complex congenital heart defects and diaphragmatic hernia. Am J Med Genet A 2009; 149A:1661-77. [PMID: 19606479 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.32896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Recurrent interstitial deletion of a region of 8p23.1 flanked by the low copy repeats 8p-OR-REPD and 8p-OR-REPP is associated with a spectrum of anomalies that can include congenital heart malformations and congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). Haploinsufficiency of GATA4 is thought to play a critical role in the development of these birth defects. We describe two individuals and a monozygotic twin pair discordant for anterior CDH all of whom have complex congenital heart defects caused by this recurrent interstitial deletion as demonstrated by array comparative genomic hybridization. To better define the genotype/phenotype relationships associated with alterations of genes on 8p23.1, we review the spectrum of congenital heart and diaphragmatic defects that have been reported in individuals with isolated GATA4 mutations and interstitial, terminal, and complex chromosomal rearrangements involving the 8p23.1 region. Our findings allow us to clearly define the CDH minimal deleted region on chromosome 8p23.1 and suggest that haploinsufficiency of other genes, in addition to GATA4, may play a role in the severe cardiac and diaphragmatic defects associated with 8p23.1 deletions. These findings also underscore the importance of conducting a careful cytogenetic/molecular analysis of the 8p23.1 region in all prenatal and postnatal cases involving congenital defects of the heart and/or diaphragm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret J Wat
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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Páez MT, Yamamoto T, Hayashi KI, Yasuda T, Harada N, Matsumoto N, Kurosawa K, Furutani Y, Asakawa S, Shimizu N, Matsuoka R. Two patients with atypical interstitial deletions of 8p23.1: Mapping of phenotypical traits. Am J Med Genet A 2008; 146A:1158-65. [PMID: 18393291 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.32205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco T Páez
- International Research and Educational Institute for Integrated Medical Sciences (IREIIMS), Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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12
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López I, Bafalliu JA, Bernabé MC, García F, Costa M, Guillén-Navarro E. Prenatal diagnosis ofde novo deletions of 8p23.1 or 15q26.1 in two fetuses with diaphragmatic hernia and congenital heart defects. Prenat Diagn 2006; 26:577-80. [PMID: 16700088 DOI: 10.1002/pd.1468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To show the importance of using high-resolution chromosome analysis and FISH-technique for finding subtle chromosomal lesions in prenatal diagnosis specially when there are abnormal ultrasound findings. METHODS Ecographic examination of the fetus. GTG banded chromosome and FISH analysis using subtelomeric probes on amniocytes. RESULTS We report two prenatal cases with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) and congenital heart defects (CHDs) with different deletions confirmed by FISH: del(8)(p23.1p23.1) and del(15)(q26.1). CONCLUSION These cases support the evidence that the regions 15q26.1 and 8p23.1 may play an important role in the development of the diaphragm. A deletion 8p23.1 or 15q26.1 should be considered whenever a CDH and/or a cardiac abnormality are detected on ultrasound.
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MESH Headings
- Abnormalities, Multiple
- Adult
- Chromosome Banding
- Chromosome Deletion
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 15
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 8
- Female
- Fetal Diseases/diagnosis
- Fetal Diseases/genetics
- Heart Defects, Congenital/complications
- Heart Defects, Congenital/diagnosis
- Heart Defects, Congenital/embryology
- Heart Defects, Congenital/genetics
- Hernia, Diaphragmatic/complications
- Hernia, Diaphragmatic/diagnosis
- Hernia, Diaphragmatic/embryology
- Hernia, Diaphragmatic/genetics
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Pregnancy
- Prenatal Diagnosis/methods
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel López
- Centro de Bioquímica y Genética Clínica, Hospital U. Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
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Bosse K, Eggermann T, Van der Ven K, Raff R, Engels H, Schwanitz G. Unbalanced translocation 8;Y (45,X,dic(Y;8)(q11.23;p23.1)): case report and review of terminal 8p deletions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 47:191-7. [PMID: 15183753 DOI: 10.1016/j.anngen.2004.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A boy with a rare unbalanced de novo Y/autosome translocation is presented. Main clinical features in the boy comprised a psychomotor delay, talipes planus, a dolichocephalus, low set and retroverted ears, supraorbital fullness of subcutaneous tissue and a bulbous nasal tip. Chromosomal analysis on amniocytes showed a single X chromosome and a derivative 8p (Karyotype: 45,X,der(8)GTG). The following DAPI staining revealed the inactivated centromere of the chromosome Y located on 8p and the absence of heterochromatic material Yq. Microsatellite analysis on fetal blood DNA using markers between SRY on Yp and DYS 240 on Yq proved presence of the spermatogenetic relevant factors. A terminal deletion of 8p was confirmed by FISH postnatally. Molecular genetic reassessment revealed the monosomy 8p to be of maternal origin; the translocation can thus be proven to have occurred in the zygote. The breakpoint in 8p was localised distal to GATA4, a gene which is involved in heart development; the finding that our patient did not suffer from cardiac problems agrees with the disomic presence of GATA4. Only the application of FISH combined with microsatellite analysis allowed a precise correlation between clinical phenotype and a subtle deletion of terminal 8p; furthermore, a recurrence risk for the parents could be excluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Bosse
- Institut für Humangenetik, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, Bonn, Germany
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14
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Harris BS, Jay PY, Rackley MS, Izumo S, O'brien TX, Gourdie RG. Transcriptional regulation of cardiac conduction system development: 2004 FASEB cardiac conduction system minimeeting, Washington, DC. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 280:1036-45. [PMID: 15368344 DOI: 10.1002/ar.a.20101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The development of the complex network of specialized cells that form the atrioventricular conduction system (AVCS) during cardiac morphogenesis occurs by progressive recruitment within a multipotent cardiomyogenic lineage. Understanding the molecular control of this developmental process has been the focus of recent research. Transcription factors representative of multiple subfamilies have been identified and include members of zinc-finger subfamilies (GATA4, GATA6 HF-1b), skeletal muscle transcription factors (MyoD), T-box genes (Tbx5), and also homeodomain transcription factors (Msx2 and Nkx2.5). Mutations in some of these transcription factors cause congenital heart disease and are associated with cardiac abnormalities, including deficits within the AVCS. Mouse models that closely phenocopy known human heart disease provide powerful tools for the study of molecular effectors of AVCS development. Indeed, investigations of the Nkx2.5 haploinsufficient mouse have shown that peripheral Purkinje fibers are significantly underrepresented. This piece of data corroborates our previous work showing in chick, mouse, and humans that Nkx2.5 is elevated in the differentiating AVCS relative to adjacent working ventricular myocardial tissues. Using the chick embryo as a model, we show that this elevation of Nkx2.5 is transient in the network of conduction cells comprising the peripheral Purkinje fiber system. Functional studies using defective adenoviral constructs, which disrupt the normal variation in level of this gene, result in perturbations of Purkinje fiber phenotype. Thus, the precise spatiotemporal regulation of Nkx2.5 levels during development may be required for the progressive emergence of gene expression patterns specific to differentiated Purkinje fiber cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett S Harris
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
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15
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Loscalzo ML, Galczynski RL, Hamosh A, Summar M, Chinsky JM, Thomas GH. Interstitial deletion of chromosome 2q32-34 associated with multiple congenital anomalies and a urea cycle defect (CPS I deficiency). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 128A:311-5. [PMID: 15216554 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.30105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A de novo deletion of the long arm of chromosome 2 at 2q31-33 was observed in the fetal amniocyte G-banded karyotype performed because of possible multiple malformations identified by ultrasound at 23 weeks gestation. Two days after the uneventful term delivery of a 2.45 kg male, the neonate experienced cardiopulmonary decompensation and biochemical changes compatible with carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I (CPS I) deficiency (elevated ammonia with a peak of 948 micromol/L, deficiency of citrulline, and no increase in orotic acid). The child died on day 3 of life. Physical anomalies confirmed at autopsy included double superior vena cava, ectopic adrenal tissue, and metatarsus adductus. The autopsy also revealed histologic evidence consistent with CPS deficiency, most notably microvesicular steatosis of the liver and Alzheimer's Type II changes with hypertrophic astrocytes in the basal ganglia. A postnatal lymphocyte karyotype confirmed the chromosome 2q31-33 deletion. Enzyme analysis on postmortem liver tissue confirmed the diagnosis of CPS deficiency. CPS I is reported to be mapped to 2q35 by NCBI (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mapview/) and 2q34 by ENSEMBL (http://www.ensembl.org/). The UCSC Human Genome Browser July 2003 assembly also places the gene at 2q34 (http://genome.UCSC.edu/). Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis with a BAC clone (RP11-349G4) of CPS I demonstrated that one copy of the gene was deleted in this infant. Using additional probes corresponding to the bands in the region of deletion, we identified the deleted region as 2q32-2q34. Our observations support the CPS I map position (ENSEMBL, UCSC) at 2q34. Additionally, potential conditions associated with deletions narrowly defined by standard cytogenetic techniques merit consideration in prenatal counseling. As demonstrated here, deletions may not only result in malformations and mental retardation but also increase the likelihood of revealing mutated genes located in the undeleted region of the homologous chromosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Loscalzo
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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16
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Klinedinst SL, Bodmer R. Gata factor Pannier is required to establish competence for heart progenitor formation. Development 2003; 130:3027-38. [PMID: 12756184 DOI: 10.1242/dev.00517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Inductive signaling is of pivotal importance for developmental patterns to form. In Drosophila, the transfer of TGFbeta (Dpp) and Wnt (Wg) signaling information from the ectoderm to the underlying mesoderm induces cardiac-specific differentiation in the presence of Tinman, a mesoderm-specific homeobox transcription factor. We present evidence that the Gata transcription factor, Pannier, and its binding partner U-shaped, also a zinc-finger protein, cooperate in the process of heart development. Loss-of-function and germ layer-specific rescue experiments suggest that pannier provides an essential function in the mesoderm for initiation of cardiac-specific expression of tinman and for specification of the heart primordium. u-shaped also promotes heart development, but unlike pannier, only by maintaining tinman expression in the cardiogenic region. By contrast, pan-mesodermal overexpression of pannier ectopically expands tinman expression, whereas overexpression of u-shaped inhibits cardiogenesis. Both factors are also required for maintaining dpp expression after germ band retraction in the dorsal ectoderm. Thus, we propose that Pannier mediates as well as maintains the cardiogenic Dpp signal. In support, we find that manipulation of pannier activity in either germ layer affects cardiac specification, suggesting that its function is required in both the mesoderm and the ectoderm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan L Klinedinst
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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17
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Firulli AB, Thattaliyath BD. Transcription factors in cardiogenesis: the combinations that unlock the mysteries of the heart. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CYTOLOGY 2002; 214:1-62. [PMID: 11893163 DOI: 10.1016/s0074-7696(02)14002-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Heart formation is one of the first signs of organogenesis within the developing embryo and this process is conserved from flies to man. Completing the genetic roadmap of the molecular mechanisms that control the cell specification and differentiation of cells that form the developing heart has been an exciting and fast-moving area of research in the fields of molecular and developmental biology. At the core of these studies is an interest in the transcription factors that are responsible for initiation of a pluripotent cell to become programmed to the cardiac lineage and the subsequent transcription factors that implement the instructions set up by the cells commitment decision. To gain a better understanding of these pathways, cardiac-expressed transcription factors have been identified, cloned, overexpressed, and mutated to try to determine function. Although results vary depending on the gene in question, it is clear that there is a striking evolutionary conservation of the cardiogenic program among species. As we move up the evolutionary ladder toward man, we encounter cases of functional redundancy and combinatorial interactions that reflect the complex networks of gene expression that orchestrate heart development. This review focuses on what is known about the transcription factors implicated in heart formation and the role they play in this intricate genetic program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony B Firulli
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio 78229, USA
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18
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Machevin-Surugue E, David N, Verspyck E, Labadie G, Blaysat G, Durand I, Ickowicz V, Marpeau L. Dilated coronary sinus in prenatal echocardiography; identification, associations and outcome. Prenat Diagn 2002; 22:898-902. [PMID: 12378573 DOI: 10.1002/pd.397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The dilated coronary sinus (DCS) has only recently been clearly visualised in the fetus due to progress in prenatal echography. This is a retrospective study of 22 fetuses presenting with DCS revealed by prenatal echography. We report the circumstances leading to the detection of a DCS and the neonatal outcome of these fetuses. The coronary sinus was defined as dilated depending on its visualisation in cross-section from the '4 chamber' view, as well as a pseudo inter-atrial septal defect from a more posterior view. In each case the gestational age, circumstances of detection, associated anomalies and postnatal outcome are reported. The circumstances were: evaluation of a clearly identified DCS in four cases and during detailed fetal echocardiography because of suspected congenital heart disease in 18 cases. Five cases were associated with a cardiac anomaly, three with an extracardiac anomaly, six with both cardiac and extracardiac anomaly and eight were isolated. Postnatal outcome was related to the associated anomaly. In conclusion, it is important that the echography image be correctly interpreted, as a DCS often implies possible associated defects and therefore affects prognosis. When not associated with other anomalies this condition is not considered serious.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Machevin-Surugue
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Rouen University Hospital Charles Nicolle, Rouen, France.
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Kennedy SJ, Teebi AS, Adatia I, Teshima I. Inherited duplication, dup (8) (p23.1p23.1) pat, in a father and daughter with congenital heart defects. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 2001; 104:79-80. [PMID: 11746033 DOI: 10.1002/1096-8628(20011115)104:1<79::aid-ajmg1598>3.0.co;2-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Loffredo CA, Hirata J, Wilson PD, Ferencz C, Lurie IW. Atrioventricular septal defects: possible etiologic differences between complete and partial defects. TERATOLOGY 2001; 63:87-93. [PMID: 11241431 DOI: 10.1002/1096-9926(200102)63:2<87::aid-tera1014>3.0.co;2-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent advances in clinical, pathological, and genetic aspects of atrioventricular septal defects (AVSD) have set the stage for epidemiologic investigations into possible risk factors. Previous analyses of the total case group of AVSD included complete and partial subtypes without analysis of the subsets. METHODS To address the question of possible morphogenetic heterogeneity of AVSD, the Baltimore-Washington Infant Study data on live-born cases and controls (1981-1989) was reanalyzed for potential environmental and genetic risk-factor associations in complete AVSD (n = 213), with separate comparisons to the atrial (n = 75) and the ventricular (n = 32) forms of partial AVSD. RESULTS Complete and ventricular forms of AVSD had a similar proportion of isolated cases (12.2% and 15.6%, respectively, without associated extracardiac anomalies) and high rates of Down syndrome, whereas the atrial form of partial AVSD included 55% isolated cases. Trisomy 18 occurred in 22% of infants with the ventricular form, compared with <2% in the other AVSD groups. Analysis of potential risk factors revealed further distinctions. Complete AVSD as an isolated cardiac defect was strongly associated with maternal diabetes (odds ratio [OR] = 20.6; 95% confidence interval [CI] =5.6-76.4) and also with antitussive use (OR = 8.8; CI = 1.2-48.2); there were no strong associations other than maternal age among Down syndrome infants with this type of heart defect. Isolated cases with the atrial type of partial AVSD were associated with a family history of heart defects (OR = 6.2; CI = 1.4-24.4) and with paternal occupational exposures to ionizing radiation (OR = 5.1; CI = 1.4-27.4), but no risk factors were associated with Down syndrome. There were no significant associations of any risk factors in the numerically small subsets of isolated and Down syndrome cases with the ventricular form of partial AVSD. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate a similar risk profile of complete AVSD and the ventricular type of partial AVSD, with a possible subset of the latter due to trisomy 18. Maternal diabetes constituted a potentially preventable risk factor for the most severe, complete form of AVSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Loffredo
- Cancer Genetics and Epidemiology Program, Department of Oncology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC 20007, USA
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Molkentin JD. The zinc finger-containing transcription factors GATA-4, -5, and -6. Ubiquitously expressed regulators of tissue-specific gene expression. J Biol Chem 2000; 275:38949-52. [PMID: 11042222 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.r000029200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 687] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J D Molkentin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229-3039, USA.
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Abstract
Screening for fetal cardiovascular malformations is widely performed. Its accuracy is not yet satisfactory, but better training of ultrasonographers and extension from the four-chamber view to the study of the outflow tract are probably clues to an improvement. The main impact of prenatal diagnosis is still the termination of pregnancy for severe malformations and for those associated with chromosomal or extracardiac anomalies. There is now evidence that prenatal diagnosis improves perinatal morbidity or mortality for some malformations. New information about the molecular genetic basis of congenital heart disease will help in management and counselling.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Todros
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Turin, Italy.
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