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Xu G, Fang S, Li J, Li X, Jia Y, Song Y, Wang J, Wang L, Zhang H. Rational modification of xanthan gum based on assistance of molecular dynamics simulation. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 271:132625. [PMID: 38795884 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
Graft copolymerization is an effective approach to improve performance of polysaccharide. However, selecting the most suitable modification strategy can be challenging due to the intricate molecular structure. Rational design through computer aided molecular dynamics (MD) simulations requires substantial computational resources. This study designed a simplified MD simulation strategy and suggested that grafting acrylamide (AM) could effectively adjust the molecular conformation of xanthan gum (XG) and its derivatives, thus regulating its viscosity and gelation properties. To rationally modify XG, a uniform experimental design was applied to tune the grafting ratios ranging from 72 % to 360 %, resulting in XG-AM solutions with viscosity ranging from 9 to 104 mPa•s at a concentration of 0.3 %. XG-AM was crosslinked by acid phenolic resin to generate gel with the viscosity of 7890 mPa·s in 3 days, which was 13 times the viscosity of unmodified XG. The controllable gelation will enhance the efficacy of XG-AM in oil recovery. By integrating rational selection of grafting strategies based on simplified MD simulation of polysaccharide derivatives and controllable grafting modification with specified grafting rates, customized production of polysaccharide derivatives can meet the requirements of a diverse range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guorui Xu
- Tianjin Branch of China Oilfield Services Limited, Tianjin 300450, Tianjin, China
| | - Senbiao Fang
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, Shandong, China; Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao 266101, Shandong, China; Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao 266101, Shandong, China
| | - Jianye Li
- Tianjin Branch of China Oilfield Services Limited, Tianjin 300450, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Tianjin Branch of China Oilfield Services Limited, Tianjin 300450, Tianjin, China
| | - Yongkang Jia
- Tianjin Branch of China Oilfield Services Limited, Tianjin 300450, Tianjin, China
| | - Yajie Song
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, Shandong, China; Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao 266101, Shandong, China; Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao 266101, Shandong, China
| | - Jiming Wang
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, Shandong, China; Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao 266101, Shandong, China; Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao 266101, Shandong, China.
| | - Lei Wang
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, Shandong, China; Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao 266101, Shandong, China; Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao 266101, Shandong, China.
| | - Haibo Zhang
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, Shandong, China; Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao 266101, Shandong, China; Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao 266101, Shandong, China.
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Gu J, Wang D, Wang Q, Liu W, Chen X, Li X, Yang F. Novel β-Glucosidase Mibgl3 from Microbacterium sp. XT11 with Oligoxanthan-Hydrolyzing Activity. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:8713-8724. [PMID: 35793414 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c03386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The enzymatic pathway of xanthan depolymerization has been predicted previously; however, the β-glucosidase and unsaturated glucuronyl hydrolase in this system have not been cloned and characterized. This lack of knowledge hinders rational modification of xanthan and exploration of new applications. In this work, we report on the properties of Mibgl3, a xanthan-degrading enzyme isolated from Microbacterium sp. XT11. Mibgl3 exhibits typical structural features of the GH3 family but shares low sequence identity with reported GH3 enzymes. The activity of Mibgl3 can be inhibited by Cu2+, Fe2+, Zn2+, and glucose. Unlike most β-glucosidases, Mibgl3 can tolerate a wide pH range and is activated by high concentrations of NaCl. This improves the commercial value of Mibgl3. In particular, Mibgl3 exhibits higher substrate specificity toward oligoxanthan than other β-glucosidases. Ion chromatography, ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS), and GC-MS results showed that Mibgl3 could effectively hydrolyze oligoxanthan to release glucose and glucuronate. Therefore, Mibgl3 might play an important role in xanthan depolymerization by functioning as hydrolase of both the xanthan backbone and sidechains. This knowledge of the enzymatic properties and hydrolysis mechanism of a β-glucosidase will be beneficial for future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyun Gu
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Ganjingzi-qu, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
| | - Dandan Wang
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Ganjingzi-qu, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
| | - Qian Wang
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Ganjingzi-qu, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
| | - Weiming Liu
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Ganjingzi-qu, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyi Chen
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Ganjingzi-qu, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
| | - Xianzhen Li
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Ganjingzi-qu, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
| | - Fan Yang
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Ganjingzi-qu, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
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Santo KP, Fabijanic KI, Cheng CY, Potanin A, Neimark AV. Modeling of the Effects of Metal Complexation on the Morphology and Rheology of Xanthan Gum Polysaccharide Solutions. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kolattukudy P. Santo
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | | | - Chi-Yuan Cheng
- Colgate-Palmolive, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Andrei Potanin
- Colgate-Palmolive, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Alexander V. Neimark
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
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Sun Z, Liu H, Wang X, Yang F, Li X. Proteomic Analysis of the Xanthan-Degrading Pathway of Microbacterium sp. XT11. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:19096-19105. [PMID: 31763532 PMCID: PMC6868878 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b02313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Xanthan, a highly stable polysaccharide which is not easily degraded by most microorganisms, contains a cellulosic backbone with trisaccharide side chains composed of mannosyl-glucuronyl-mannose attached α-1,3 to alternating glucosyl residues. Different digestion strategies were first applied to demonstrate the complexity about the proteomes of Microbacterium sp. XT11 in xanthan medium and glucose medium. Significantly up-regulated proteins induced by xanthan were screened out by the label-free quantitation of the proteomes of Microbacterium sp. XT11 in xanthan medium and glucose medium. Consequently, 2746 and 2878 proteins were identified in proteomes of Microbacterium sp. XT11 in xanthan medium and glucose medium individually, which represent 80.6 and 84.4% of total protein dataset predicted to be expressed by the gene. In the list of 430 induced proteins containing the proteins specifically expressed or up-regulated in xanthan medium, 19 proteins involved in carbohydrate-active enzymes database and 38 proteins annotated with transporter activity were critical in the degrading pathway of xanthan. Four CAZymes (GH3, GH38, GH9, and PL8) and one ABC transporter (LX1-1GL001097) were verified with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Four CAZymes (GH3, GH38, GH9, and PL8) were further verified with the enzyme assay. This study suggests a xanthan-degrading pathway in Microbacterium sp. XT11, and other potential xanthan degradation-related proteins still need further investigation.
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Dadou SM, El-Barghouthi MI, Alabdallah SK, Badwan AA, Antonijevic MD, Chowdhry BZ. Effect of Protonation State and N-Acetylation of Chitosan on Its Interaction with Xanthan Gum: A Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study. Mar Drugs 2017; 15:md15100298. [PMID: 28946687 PMCID: PMC5666406 DOI: 10.3390/md15100298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrophilic matrices composed of chitosan (CS) and xanthan gum (XG) complexes are of pharmaceutical interest in relation to drug delivery due to their ability to control the release of active ingredients. Molecular dynamics simulations (MDs) have been performed in order to obtain information pertaining to the effect of the state of protonation and degree of N-acetylation (DA) on the molecular conformation of chitosan and its ability to interact with xanthan gum in aqueous solutions. The conformational flexibility of CS was found to be highly dependent on its state of protonation. Upon complexation with XG, a substantial restriction in free rotation around the glycosidic bond was noticed in protonated CS dimers regardless of their DA, whereas deprotonated molecules preserved their free mobility. Calculated values for the free energy of binding between CS and XG revealed the dominant contribution of electrostatic forces on the formation of complexes and that the most stable complexes were formed when CS was at least half-protonated and the DA was ≤50%. The results obtained provide an insight into the main factors governing the interaction between CS and XG, such that they can be manipulated accordingly to produce complexes with the desired controlled-release effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suha M Dadou
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Chemical and Environmental Science, Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich, Medway Campus, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK.
| | - Musa I El-Barghouthi
- Department of Chemistry, The Hashemite University, P.O. Box 150459, Zarqa 13115, Jordan.
| | - Samer K Alabdallah
- Department of Chemistry, The Hashemite University, P.O. Box 150459, Zarqa 13115, Jordan.
| | - Adnan A Badwan
- The Jordanian Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Company (PLC), Research and Innovation Centre, P.O. Box 94, Naor 11710, Jordan.
| | - Milan D Antonijevic
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Chemical and Environmental Science, Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich, Medway Campus, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK.
| | - Babur Z Chowdhry
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Chemical and Environmental Science, Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich, Medway Campus, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK.
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Schmid J, Sieber V. Enzymatic Transformations Involved in the Biosynthesis of Microbial Exo-polysaccharides Based on the Assembly of Repeat Units. Chembiochem 2015; 16:1141-7. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201500035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Production and purification of a novel xanthan lyase from a xanthan-degrading Microbacterium sp. strain XT11. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:368434. [PMID: 25054177 PMCID: PMC4099120 DOI: 10.1155/2014/368434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Revised: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A xanthan lyase was produced and purified from the culture supernatant of an excellent xanthan-modifying strain Microbacterium sp. XT11. Xanthan lyase was induced by xanthan but was inhibited by its structural monomer glucose. Its production by strain XT11 is much higher than that by all other reported strains. The purified xanthan lyase has a molecular mass of 110 kDa and a specific activity of 28.2 U/mg that was much higher than that of both Paenibacillus and Bacillus lyases. It was specific on the pyruvated mannosyl residue in the intact xanthan molecule, but about 50% lyase activity remained when xanthan was partially depyruvated. Xanthan lyase was optimally active at pH 6.0–6.5 and 40°C and alkali-tolerant at a high pH value of 11.0. The metal ions including K+, Ca2+, Na+, Mg2+, Mn2+, and Li+ strongly stimulated xanthan lyase activity but ions Zn2+ and Cu2+ were its inhibitor. Xanthan lyase should be a novel enzyme different from the other xanthan lyases ever reported.
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Michaud P, Da Costa A, Courtois B, Courtois J. Polysaccharide Lyases: Recent Developments as Biotechnological Tools. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2008; 23:233-66. [PMID: 15224891 DOI: 10.1080/07388550390447043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Polysaccharide lyases, which are polysaccharide cleavage enzymes, act mainly on anionic polysaccharides. Produced by prokaryote and eukaryote organisms, these enzymes degrade (1,4) glycosidic bond by a beta elimination mechanism and have unsaturated oligosaccharides as major products. New polysaccharides are cleaved only by their specific polysaccharide lyases. From anionic polysaccharides controlled degradations, various biotechnological applications were investigated. This review catalogues the degradation of bacterial, plant and animal polysaccharides (neutral and anionic) by this family of carbohydrate acting enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Michaud
- Laboratoire des Glucides--LPMV, IUT/Génie Biologique, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Avenue des Facultés, Le Bailly, 80025 Amiens Cedex, France.
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Ruijssenaars HJ, Hartmans S, Verdoes JC. A novel gene encoding xanthan lyase of Paenibacillus alginolyticus strain XL-1. Appl Environ Microbiol 2000; 66:3945-50. [PMID: 10966413 PMCID: PMC92243 DOI: 10.1128/aem.66.9.3945-3950.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2000] [Accepted: 07/11/2000] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Xanthan-modifying enzymes are powerful tools in studying structure-function relationships of this polysaccharide. One of these modifying enzymes is xanthan lyase, which removes the terminal side chain residue of xanthan. In this paper, the cloning and sequencing of the first xanthan lyase-encoding gene is described, i. e., the xalA gene, encoding pyruvated mannose-specific xanthan lyase of Paenibacillus alginolyticus XL-1. The xalA gene encoded a 100, 823-Da protein, including a 36-amino-acid signal sequence. The 96, 887-Da mature enzyme could be expressed functionally in Escherichia coli. Like the native enzyme, the recombinant enzyme showed no activity on depyruvated xanthan. Compared to production by P. alginolyticus, a 30-fold increase in volumetric productivity of soluble xanthan lyase was achieved by heterologous production in E. coli. The recombinant xanthan lyase was used to produce modified xanthan, which showed a dramatic loss of the capacity to form gels with locust bean gum.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Ruijssenaars
- Department of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Division of Industrial Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- I W Sutherland
- Institute of Cell and Molecular Biology, Edinburgh University, UK
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12
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Ruijssenaars HJ, de Bont JA, Hartmans S. A pyruvated mannose-specific xanthan lyase involved in xanthan degradation by Paenibacillus alginolyticus XL-1. Appl Environ Microbiol 1999; 65:2446-52. [PMID: 10347025 PMCID: PMC91360 DOI: 10.1128/aem.65.6.2446-2452.1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/1998] [Accepted: 03/24/1999] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The xanthan-degrading bacterium Paenibacillus alginolyticus XL-1, isolated from soil, degrades approximately 28% of the xanthan molecule and appears to leave the backbone intact. Several xanthan-degrading enzymes were excreted during growth on xanthan, including xanthan lyase. Xanthan lyase production was induced by xanthan and inhibited by glucose and low-molecular-weight enzymatic degradation products from xanthan. A xanthan lyase with a molecular mass of 85 kDa and a pI of 7.9 was purified and characterized. The enzyme is specific for pyruvated mannosyl side chain residues and optimally active at pH 6.0 and 55 degrees C.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Ruijssenaars
- Division of Industrial Microbiology, Department of Food Technology and Nutritional Sciences, Wageningen University, 6700 EV Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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