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Angyal A, Demjén A, Wéber E, Kovács AK, Wölfling J, Puskás LG, Kanizsai I. Lewis Acid-Catalyzed Diastereoselective Synthesis of Multisubstituted N-Acylaziridine-2-carboxamides from 2H-Azirines via Joullié–Ugi Three-Component Reaction. J Org Chem 2018; 83:3570-3581. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b03189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anikó Angyal
- AVIDIN Ltd., Alsó kikötő sor 11/D, Szeged H-6726, Hungary
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, Szeged H-6720, Hungary
| | - András Demjén
- AVIDIN Ltd., Alsó kikötő sor 11/D, Szeged H-6726, Hungary
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, Szeged H-6720, Hungary
| | - Edit Wéber
- SZTE-MTA Lendület Foldamer Research Group, Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, University of Szeged, Somogyi u. 4, Szeged H-6720, Hungary
| | - Anita K. Kovács
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, Szeged 6720, Hungary
| | - János Wölfling
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, Szeged H-6720, Hungary
| | | | - Iván Kanizsai
- AVIDIN Ltd., Alsó kikötő sor 11/D, Szeged H-6726, Hungary
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Development of a New Antileishmanial Aziridine-2,3-Dicarboxylate-Based Inhibitor with High Selectivity for Parasite Cysteine Proteases. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2015; 60:797-805. [PMID: 26596939 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00426-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is one of the major neglected tropical diseases of the world. Druggable targets are the parasite cysteine proteases (CPs) of clan CA, family C1 (CAC1). In previous studies, we identified two peptidomimetic compounds, the aziridine-2,3-dicarboxylate compounds 13b and 13e, in a series of inhibitors of the cathepsin L (CL) subfamily of the papain clan CAC1. Both displayed antileishmanial activity in vitro while not showing cytotoxicity against host cells. In further investigations, the mode of action was characterized in Leishmania major. It was demonstrated that aziridines 13b and 13e mainly inhibited the parasitic cathepsin B (CB)-like CPC enzyme and, additionally, mammalian CL. Although these compounds induced cell death of Leishmania promastigotes and amastigotes in vitro, the induction of a proleishmanial T helper type 2 (Th2) response caused by host CL inhibition was observed in vivo. Therefore, we describe here the synthesis of a new library of more selective peptidomimetic aziridine-2,3-dicarboxylates discriminating between host and parasite CPs. The new compounds are based on 13b and 13e as lead structures. One of the most promising compounds of this series is compound s9, showing selective inhibition of the parasite CPs LmaCatB (a CB-like enzyme of L. major; also named L. major CPC) and LmCPB2.8 (a CL-like enzyme of Leishmania mexicana) while not affecting mammalian CL and CB. It displayed excellent leishmanicidal activities against L. major promastigotes (50% inhibitory concentration [IC50] = 37.4 μM) and amastigotes (IC50 = 2.3 μM). In summary, we demonstrate a new selective aziridine-2,3-dicarboxylate, compound s9, which might be a good candidate for future in vivo studies.
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Bunev AS, Vasiliev MA, Ostapenko GI, Peregudov AS, Khrustalev VN. (Z)-N-[1-(Aziridin-1-yl)-2,2,2-tri-fluoro-ethyl-idene]-4-bromo-aniline. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2014; 70:o550. [PMID: 24860358 PMCID: PMC4011223 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536814007867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The title compound, C10H8BrF3N2, crystallizes with two independent mol-ecules in the asymmetric unit, which can be considered as being related by a pseudo-inversion center, so their conformations are different; the corresponding N=C-N-C torsion angles are 54.6 (5) and -50.5 (5)°. In the crystal, mol-ecules related by translation in [001] inter-act through short inter-molecular Br⋯F contacts [3.276 (2) and 3.284 (2) Å], thus forming two types of crystallographically independent chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S. Bunev
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Togliatti State University, 14 Belorusskaya St, Togliatti 445667, Russian Federation,Correspondence e-mail:
| | - Maksim A. Vasiliev
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Togliatti State University, 14 Belorusskaya St, Togliatti 445667, Russian Federation
| | - Gennady I. Ostapenko
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Togliatti State University, 14 Belorusskaya St, Togliatti 445667, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander S. Peregudov
- NMR Laboratory, A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Vavilov Street, B-334, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Victor N. Khrustalev
- X-Ray Structural Centre, A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Vavilov Street, B-334, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
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Aziridine-2,3-dicarboxylate-based cysteine cathepsin inhibitors induce cell death in Leishmania major associated with accumulation of debris in autophagy-related lysosome-like vacuoles. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2010; 54:5028-41. [PMID: 20855728 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00327-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The papain-like cysteine cathepsins expressed by Leishmania play a key role in the life cycle of these parasites, turning them into attractive targets for the development of new drugs. We previously demonstrated that two compounds of a series of peptidomimetic aziridine-2,3-dicarboxylate [Azi(OBn)(2)]-based inhibitors, Boc-(S)-Leu-(R)-Pro-(S,S)-Azi(OBn)(2) (compound 13b) and Boc-(R)-Leu-(S)-Pro-(S,S)-Azi(OBn)(2) (compound 13e), reduced the growth and viability of Leishmania major and the infection rate of macrophages while not showing cytotoxicity against host cells. In the present study, we characterized the mode of action of inhibitors 13b and 13e in L. major. Both compounds targeted leishmanial cathepsin B-like cysteine cathepsin cysteine proteinase C, as shown by fluorescence proteinase activity assays and active-site labeling with biotin-tagged inhibitors. Furthermore, compounds 13b and 13e were potent inducers of cell death in promastigotes, characterized by cell shrinkage, reduction of mitochondrial transmembrane potential, and increased DNA fragmentation. Transmission electron microscopic studies revealed the enrichment of undigested debris in lysosome-like organelles participating in micro- and macroautophagy-like processes. The release of digestive enzymes into the cytoplasm after rupture of membranes of lysosome-like vacuoles resulted in the significant digestion of intracellular compartments. However, the plasma membrane integrity of compound-treated promastigotes was maintained for several hours. Taken together, our results suggest that the induction of cell death in Leishmania by cysteine cathepsin inhibitors 13b and 13e is different from mammalian apoptosis and is caused by incomplete digestion in autophagy-related lysosome-like vacuoles.
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Abstract
Malaria, particularly that one caused by Plasmodium falciparum, remains a serious health problem in Africa, South America, and many parts of Asia where it afflicts about 500 million people and is responsible for the death of more than one million children each year. The main reasons for the persistence of malaria are the emergence of resistance to common antimalarial drugs, inadequate control of mosquito vectors, and the lack of effective vaccines. Therefore, the identification and characterization of new targets for antimalarial chemotherapy are of urgent priority. This review is focused on inhibitors of falcipain-2, a cysteine protease from P. falciparum, which represents one of the most promising targets for antimalarial drug design. Falcipain-2 is a key enzyme in the life cycle of P. falciparum since it degrades hemoglobin, at the early trophozoite stage, and cleaves ankyrin and protein 4.1, the cytoskeletal elements vital to the stability of red cell membrane, at the schizont stage. The main classes of falcipain-2 inhibitors are peptides or peptidomimetics bearing the most popular pharmacophores of cysteine protease inhibitors, such as vinyl sulfones, halomethyl ketones, and aldehydes. Furthermore, many other chemotypes have been identified as inhibitors of falcipain-2, such as isoquinolines, thiosemicarbazones, and chalcones. These inhibitors represent all classes, which, to the best of our knowledge, have been disclosed in journal articles to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Ettari
- Dipartimento Farmaco-Chimico, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
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Besbes N, Jellali H, Pale P, Efrit ML, Srasra E. Isomerisation Catalysee Par le Gel de Silice et L'argile Activee de N-Acyl-2,2-Dimethylaziridines: Approche Mecanistique. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/10426500903023079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Néji Besbes
- a Unité de matériaux, Centre National des Recherches en Sciences des Matériaux , Technopole de Bordj Cédria , Hammam Lif, Tunisie
| | - Houyem Jellali
- a Unité de matériaux, Centre National des Recherches en Sciences des Matériaux , Technopole de Bordj Cédria , Hammam Lif, Tunisie
| | - Patrick Pale
- b Laboratoire de Synthèse et Réactivité Organique, (UMR 7123 CNRS) Institut de Chimie , Université Louis Pasteur , Strasbourg, France
| | - Mohamed Lotfi Efrit
- c Laboratoire de Synthèse Organique et Hétérocyclique, Département de Chimie , Faculté des Sciences de Tunis , El Manar, Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Ezzeddine Srasra
- a Unité de matériaux, Centre National des Recherches en Sciences des Matériaux , Technopole de Bordj Cédria , Hammam Lif, Tunisie
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Ismail FMD, Levitsky DO, Dembitsky VM. Aziridine alkaloids as potential therapeutic agents. Eur J Med Chem 2009; 44:3373-87. [PMID: 19540628 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2009.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2008] [Revised: 05/13/2009] [Accepted: 05/14/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The present review describes research on natural aziridine alkaloids isolated from both terrestrial and marine species, as well as their lipophilic semi-synthetic, and/or synthetic analogs. Over 130 biologically active aziridine-containing compounds demonstrate confirmed pharmacological activity including antitumor, antimicrobial, antibacterial effects. The structures, origin, and biological activities of aziridine alkaloids are reviewed. Consequently this review emphasizes the role of aziridine alkaloids as an important source of drug prototypes and leads for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fyaz M D Ismail
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Group, Department of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Liverpool John Moores University, 221C Phase 1, Byrom Street, Liverpool, Merseyside L3 3AF, UK
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Deaton DN, Kumar S. Cathepsin K Inhibitors: Their Potential as Anti-Osteoporosis Agents. PROGRESS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2004; 42:245-375. [PMID: 15003723 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6468(04)42006-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- David N Deaton
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, GlaxoSmithKline Inc., 5 Moore Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
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Powers JC, Asgian JL, Ekici OD, James KE. Irreversible inhibitors of serine, cysteine, and threonine proteases. Chem Rev 2002; 102:4639-750. [PMID: 12475205 DOI: 10.1021/cr010182v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 818] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James C Powers
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, USA.
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Cardillo G, Gentilucci L, Gianotti M, Perciaccante R, Tolomelli A. Synthesis of aziridine-2,2-dicarboxylates via 1,4-addition of N,O-(bistrimethylsilyl)hydroxylamine to alpha,beta-unsaturated malonates. J Org Chem 2001; 66:8657-60. [PMID: 11735554 DOI: 10.1021/jo015907+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G Cardillo
- Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician" and C.S.F.M., Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna.
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Design and synthesis of MMP inhibitors using N -arylsulfonylaziridine hydroxamic acids as constrained scaffolds. Tetrahedron 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)00641-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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