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Virklund A, Nielsen AT, Woodley JM. Biocatalysis with In-Situ Product Removal Improves p-Coumaric Acid Production. Chembiochem 2024:e202400178. [PMID: 38742869 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202400178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Natural and pure p-coumaric acid has valuable applications, and it can be produced via bioprocessing. However, fermentation processes have so far been unable to provide sufficient production metrics, while a biocatalytic process decoupling growth and production historically showed much promise. This biocatalytic process is revisited in order to tackle product inhibition of the key enzyme tyrosine ammonia lyase. In situ product removal is proposed as a possible solution, and a polymer/salt aqueous two-phase system is identified as a suitable system for extraction of p-coumaric acid from an alkaline solution, with a partition coefficient of up to 13. However, a 10 % salt solution was found to reduce tyrosine ammonia lyase activity by 19 %, leading to the need for a more dilute system. The cloud points of two aqueous two-phase systems at 40 °C and pH 10 were found to be 3.8 % salt and 9.5 % polymer, and a 5 % potassium phosphate and 12.5 % poly(ethylene glycol-ran-propylene glycol) mW~2500 system was selected for in situ product removal. An immobilized tyrosine ammonia lyase biocatalyst in this aqueous two-phase system produced up to 33 g/L p-coumaric acid within 24 hours, a 1.9-fold improvement compared to biocatalysis without in situ product removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Virklund
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs., Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Alex Toftgaard Nielsen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs., Lyngby, Denmark
| | - John M Woodley
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs., Lyngby, Denmark
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2
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Bolivar JM, Woodley JM, Fernandez-Lafuente R. Is enzyme immobilization a mature discipline? Some critical considerations to capitalize on the benefits of immobilization. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:6251-6290. [PMID: 35838107 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00083k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Enzyme immobilization has been developing since the 1960s and although many industrial biocatalytic processes use the technology to improve enzyme performance, still today we are far from full exploitation of the field. One clear reason is that many evaluate immobilization based on only a few experiments that are not always well-designed. In contrast to many other reviews on the subject, here we highlight the pitfalls of using incorrectly designed immobilization protocols and explain why in many cases sub-optimal results are obtained. We also describe solutions to overcome these challenges and come to the conclusion that recent developments in material science, bioprocess engineering and protein science continue to open new opportunities for the future. In this way, enzyme immobilization, far from being a mature discipline, remains as a subject of high interest and where intense research is still necessary to take full advantage of the possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M Bolivar
- FQPIMA group, Chemical and Materials Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - John M Woodley
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Roberto Fernandez-Lafuente
- Departamento de Biocatálisis. ICP-CSIC, C/Marie Curie 2, Campus UAM-CSIC Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain. .,Center of Excellence in Bionanoscience Research, External Scientific Advisory Academic, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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3
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Pan X, Xu L, Li Y, Wu S, Wu Y, Wei W. Strategies to Improve the Biosynthesis of β-Lactam Antibiotics by Penicillin G Acylase: Progress and Prospects. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:936487. [PMID: 35923572 PMCID: PMC9340067 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.936487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
β-Lactam antibiotics are widely used anti-infection drugs that are traditionally synthesized via a chemical process. In recent years, with the growing demand for green alternatives, scientists have turned to enzymatic synthesis. Penicillin G acylase (PGA) is the second most commercially used enzyme worldwide with both hydrolytic and synthetic activities toward antibiotics, which has been used to manufacture the key antibiotic nucleus on an industrial level. However, the large-scale application of PGA-catalyzed antibiotics biosynthesis is still in the experimental stage because of some key limitations, such as low substrate concentration, unsatisfactory yield, and lack of superior biocatalysts. This paper systematically reviews the strategies adopted to improve the biosynthesis of β-lactam antibiotics by adjusting the enzymatic property and manipulating the reaction system in recent 20 years, including mining of enzymes, protein engineering, solvent engineering, in situ product removal, and one-pot reaction cascade. These advances will provide important guidelines for the future use of enzymatic synthesis in the industrial production of β-lactam antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Pan
- Department of Cardiology, Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xin Pan, ; Yong Wu, ; Wenping Wei,
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yaru Li
- Department of Cardiology, Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Sihua Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Division of Molecular Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, Kiryu, Japan
| | - Yong Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xin Pan, ; Yong Wu, ; Wenping Wei,
| | - Wenping Wei
- Department of Cardiology, Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xin Pan, ; Yong Wu, ; Wenping Wei,
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4
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Zhou D, Zhao M, Wang J, Faiza M, Chen X, Cui J, Liu N, Li D. A novel and efficient method for punicic acid-enriched diacylglycerol preparation: Enzymatic ethanolysis of pomegranate seed oil catalyzed by Lipozyme 435. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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5
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Berlinck RGS, Crnkovic CM, Gubiani JR, Bernardi DI, Ióca LP, Quintana-Bulla JI. The isolation of water-soluble natural products - challenges, strategies and perspectives. Nat Prod Rep 2021; 39:596-669. [PMID: 34647117 DOI: 10.1039/d1np00037c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Covering period: up to 2019Water-soluble natural products constitute a relevant group of secondary metabolites notably known for presenting potent biological activities. Examples are aminoglycosides, β-lactam antibiotics, saponins of both terrestrial and marine origin, and marine toxins. Although extensively investigated in the past, particularly during the golden age of antibiotics, hydrophilic fractions have been less scrutinized during the last few decades. This review addresses the possible reasons on why water-soluble metabolites are now under investigated and describes approaches and strategies for the isolation of these natural compounds. It presents examples of several classes of hydrosoluble natural products and how they have been isolated. Novel stationary phases and chromatography techniques are also reviewed, providing a perspective towards a renaissance in the investigation of water-soluble natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto G S Berlinck
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 780, CEP 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Camila M Crnkovic
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, CEP 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana R Gubiani
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 780, CEP 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Darlon I Bernardi
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 780, CEP 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Laura P Ióca
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 780, CEP 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Jairo I Quintana-Bulla
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 780, CEP 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
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6
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Fellechner O, Smirnova I. Process design of a continuous biotransformation with in situ product removal by cloud point extraction. CAN J CHEM ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.23967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Fellechner
- Institute of Thermal Separation Processes Hamburg University of Technology Hamburg Germany
| | - Irina Smirnova
- Institute of Thermal Separation Processes Hamburg University of Technology Hamburg Germany
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7
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Effect of Concentrated Salts Solutions on the Stability of Immobilized Enzymes: Influence of Inactivation Conditions and Immobilization Protocol. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26040968. [PMID: 33673063 PMCID: PMC7918437 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26040968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper aims to investigate the effects of some salts (NaCl, (NH4)2SO4 and Na2SO4) at pH 5.0, 7.0 and 9.0 on the stability of 13 different immobilized enzymes: five lipases, three proteases, two glycosidases, and one laccase, penicillin G acylase and catalase. The enzymes were immobilized to prevent their aggregation. Lipases were immobilized via interfacial activation on octyl agarose or on glutaraldehyde-amino agarose beads, proteases on glyoxyl agarose or glutaraldehyde-amino agarose beads. The use of high concentrations of salts usually has some effects on enzyme stability, but the intensity and nature of these effects depends on the inactivation pH, nature and concentration of the salt, enzyme and immobilization protocol. The same salt can be a stabilizing or a destabilizing agent for a specific enzyme depending on its concentration, inactivation pH and immobilization protocol. Using lipases, (NH4)2SO4 generally permits the highest stabilities (although this is not a universal rule), but using the other enzymes this salt is in many instances a destabilizing agent. At pH 9.0, it is more likely to find a salt destabilizing effect than at pH 7.0. Results confirm the difficulty of foreseeing the effect of high concentrations of salts in a specific immobilized enzyme.
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8
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Li K, Mohammed MAA, Zhou Y, Tu H, Zhang J, Liu C, Chen Z, Burns R, Hu D, Ruso JM, Tang Z, Liu Z. Recent progress in the development of immobilized penicillin G acylase for chemical and industrial applications: A mini‐review. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Li
- State Key Laboratory of Gansu Advanced Non‐ferrous Metal MaterialsLanzhou University of Technology Lanzhou China
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringLanzhou University of Technology Lanzhou China
| | - Monier Alhadi Abdelrahman Mohammed
- State Key Laboratory of Gansu Advanced Non‐ferrous Metal MaterialsLanzhou University of Technology Lanzhou China
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringLanzhou University of Technology Lanzhou China
| | - Yongshan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Gansu Advanced Non‐ferrous Metal MaterialsLanzhou University of Technology Lanzhou China
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringLanzhou University of Technology Lanzhou China
| | - Hongyi Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Gansu Advanced Non‐ferrous Metal MaterialsLanzhou University of Technology Lanzhou China
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringLanzhou University of Technology Lanzhou China
| | - Jiachen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Gansu Advanced Non‐ferrous Metal MaterialsLanzhou University of Technology Lanzhou China
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringLanzhou University of Technology Lanzhou China
| | - Chunli Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Gansu Advanced Non‐ferrous Metal MaterialsLanzhou University of Technology Lanzhou China
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringLanzhou University of Technology Lanzhou China
| | - Zhenbin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Gansu Advanced Non‐ferrous Metal MaterialsLanzhou University of Technology Lanzhou China
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringLanzhou University of Technology Lanzhou China
| | - Robert Burns
- Department of Physics and EngineeringFrostburg State University Frostburg Maryland
| | - Dongdong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical EngineeringEast China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Juan M. Ruso
- Soft Matter and Molecular Biophysics Group, Department of Applied PhysicsUniversity of Santiago de Compostela Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Zhenghua Tang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Surface Chemistry of Energy MaterialsNew Energy Research Institute School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre Guangzhou China
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Surface Chemistry of Energy MaterialsSchool of Environment and Energy South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center Guangzhou China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Department of Physics and EngineeringFrostburg State University Frostburg Maryland
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9
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Fellechner O, Blatkiewicz M, Smirnova I. Reactive Separations for In Situ Product Removal of Enzymatic Reactions: A Review. CHEM-ING-TECH 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.201900027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Fellechner
- Hamburg University of Technology Institute of Thermal Separation Processes Eißendorfer Straße 38 21073 Hamburg Germany
| | - Michał Blatkiewicz
- Hamburg University of Technology Institute of Thermal Separation Processes Eißendorfer Straße 38 21073 Hamburg Germany
| | - Irina Smirnova
- Hamburg University of Technology Institute of Thermal Separation Processes Eißendorfer Straße 38 21073 Hamburg Germany
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10
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Hormigo D, López-Conejo MT, Serrano-Aguirre L, García-Martín A, Saborido A, de la Mata I, Arroyo M. Kinetically controlled acylation of 6-APA catalyzed by penicillin acylase from Streptomyces lavendulae: effect of reaction conditions in the enzymatic synthesis of penicillin V. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10242422.2019.1652274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Hormigo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Enzyme Biotechnology Group, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Teresa López-Conejo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Enzyme Biotechnology Group, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lara Serrano-Aguirre
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Enzyme Biotechnology Group, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto García-Martín
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Enzyme Biotechnology Group, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Saborido
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Enzyme Biotechnology Group, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel de la Mata
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Enzyme Biotechnology Group, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Arroyo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Enzyme Biotechnology Group, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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11
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Vobecká L, Romanov A, Slouka Z, Hasal P, Přibyl M. Optimization of aqueous two-phase systems for the production of 6-aminopenicillanic acid in integrated microfluidic reactors-separators. N Biotechnol 2018; 47:73-79. [PMID: 29614323 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Aqueous two-phase systems (ATPSs) were screened for the production of 6-aminopenicillanic acid (6-APA) catalyzed by penicillin acylase, followed by the extractive separation of 6-APA from the reaction mixture. The key point of this study was to find an ATPS exhibiting a large difference in the partition coefficients of the biocatalyst and reaction products. Several ATPSs based on polyethylene glycol (PEG)/phosphate, PEG/citrate, and PEG/dextran were tested. We found that an ATPS consisting of 15 wt% of PEG 4000, 10 wt% of phosphates, 75 wt% of water (pH value 8.0 after dissolution) provided optimal separation of 6-APA from the enzyme. While the 6-APA was mainly found in the top PEG phase, the free enzyme favored the bottom salt-rich phase. This ATPS also fulfils other important requirements: (i) high buffering capacity, reducing an undesirable pH decrease due to the dissociation of phenylacetic acid (the side product of the reaction), (ii) a relatively low cost of the ATPS components, (iii) the possibility of electrophoretic transport of fine droplets as well as the reaction products for both the acceleration of phase separation and the enhancement of 6-APA concentration in the product stream. Extraction experiments in microcapillary and batch systems showed that the transport of 6-APA formed in the salt-rich phase to the corresponding PEG phase could occur within 30 s. The experimental results described form a base of knowledge for the development of continuously operating integrated microfluidic reactors-separators driven by an electric field for the efficient production of 6-APA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Vobecká
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Department of Chemical Engineering, Technická 5, 166 28 Praha 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Alexandr Romanov
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Department of Chemical Engineering, Technická 5, 166 28 Praha 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Zdeněk Slouka
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Department of Chemical Engineering, Technická 5, 166 28 Praha 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Pavel Hasal
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Department of Chemical Engineering, Technická 5, 166 28 Praha 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Michal Přibyl
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Department of Chemical Engineering, Technická 5, 166 28 Praha 6, Czech Republic.
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12
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Effect of high salt concentrations on the stability of immobilized lipases: Dramatic deleterious effects of phosphate anions. Process Biochem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2017.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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13
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Scillipoti J, Nioi C, Marty A, Camy S, Condoret JS. Prediction of conversion at equilibrium for lipase esterification in two-phase systems. Biochem Eng J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2016.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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14
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Hirata DB, Albuquerque TL, Rueda N, Virgen-Ortíz JJ, Tacias-Pascacio VG, Fernandez-Lafuente R. Evaluation of different immobilized lipases in transesterification reactions using tributyrin: Advantages of the heterofunctional octyl agarose beads. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2016.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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15
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Kumar AA, Walz JA, Gonidec M, Mace CR, Whitesides GM. Combining Step Gradients and Linear Gradients in Density. Anal Chem 2015; 87:6158-64. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b00763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jenna A. Walz
- Department
of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | | | - Charles R. Mace
- Department
of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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16
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Current state and perspectives of penicillin G acylase-based biocatalyses. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:2867-79. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-013-5492-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Revised: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/22/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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17
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Shahriari S, Tomé LC, Araújo JMM, Rebelo LPN, Coutinho JAP, Marrucho IM, Freire MG. Aqueous biphasic systems: a benign route using cholinium-based ionic liquids. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra22972b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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18
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Influence of process parameters on the immobilization of commercial porcine pancreatic lipase using three low-cost supports. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2012.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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19
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Ni Y, Zhou J, Sun Z. Production of a key chiral intermediate of Betahistine with a newly isolated Kluyveromyces sp. in an aqueous two-phase system. Process Biochem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2012.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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20
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Efficient biocatalyst for large-scale synthesis of cephalosporins, obtained by combining immobilization and site-directed mutagenesis of penicillin acylase. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 95:1491-500. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-011-3817-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2011] [Revised: 11/30/2011] [Accepted: 12/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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22
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Bernardino SM, Fernandes P, Fonseca LP. Improved specific productivity in cephalexin synthesis by immobilized PGA in silica magnetic micro-particles. Biotechnol Bioeng 2010; 107:753-62. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.22867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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23
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A descriptive model and methods for up-scaled process routes for interfacial partition of bioparticles in aqueous two-phase systems. Biochem Eng J 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2010.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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24
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Aguirre C, Concha I, Vergara J, Riveros R, Illanes A. Partition and substrate concentration effect in the enzymatic synthesis of cephalexin in aqueous two-phase systems. Process Biochem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2010.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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25
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Temporini C, Bonomi P, Serra I, Tagliani A, Bavaro T, Ubiali D, Massolini G, Terreni M. Characterization and Study of the Orientation of Immobilized Enzymes by Tryptic Digestion and HPLC-MS: Design of an Efficient Catalyst for the Synthesis of Cephalosporins. Biomacromolecules 2010; 11:1623-32. [DOI: 10.1021/bm100259a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Temporini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Pavia, viale Taramelli 12, Pavia I-27100, Italy, and Italian Biocatalysis Center, viale Taramelli 12, Pavia I-27100, Italy
| | - Paolo Bonomi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Pavia, viale Taramelli 12, Pavia I-27100, Italy, and Italian Biocatalysis Center, viale Taramelli 12, Pavia I-27100, Italy
| | - Immacolata Serra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Pavia, viale Taramelli 12, Pavia I-27100, Italy, and Italian Biocatalysis Center, viale Taramelli 12, Pavia I-27100, Italy
| | - Auro Tagliani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Pavia, viale Taramelli 12, Pavia I-27100, Italy, and Italian Biocatalysis Center, viale Taramelli 12, Pavia I-27100, Italy
| | - Teodora Bavaro
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Pavia, viale Taramelli 12, Pavia I-27100, Italy, and Italian Biocatalysis Center, viale Taramelli 12, Pavia I-27100, Italy
| | - Daniela Ubiali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Pavia, viale Taramelli 12, Pavia I-27100, Italy, and Italian Biocatalysis Center, viale Taramelli 12, Pavia I-27100, Italy
| | - Gabriella Massolini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Pavia, viale Taramelli 12, Pavia I-27100, Italy, and Italian Biocatalysis Center, viale Taramelli 12, Pavia I-27100, Italy
| | - Marco Terreni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Pavia, viale Taramelli 12, Pavia I-27100, Italy, and Italian Biocatalysis Center, viale Taramelli 12, Pavia I-27100, Italy
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26
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Chow Y, Wu J, Li R. Influence of 6-aminopenicillanic acid on amoxicillin synthesis and p-hydroxyphenylglycine methyl ester hydrolysis. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/10242420500292336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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27
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Feng SX, Liang SZ, Lou WY. Two-step, one-pot enzymatic synthesis of cefprozil from -phenylacetamido-3-propenyl-cephalosporanic acid (GPRA). BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/10242420802090925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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28
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Zhang Y, Wei D, Li D, Liu S, Song Q. Optimisation of enzymatic synthesis of cefaclor within situproduct removal and continuous acyl donor feeding. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/10242420601141762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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29
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Jager SA, Shapovalova IV, Jekel PA, Alkema WB, Švedas VK, Janssen DB. Saturation mutagenesis reveals the importance of residues αR145 and αF146 of penicillin acylase in the synthesis of β-lactam antibiotics. J Biotechnol 2008; 133:18-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2007.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2007] [Revised: 08/21/2007] [Accepted: 08/24/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Penicillin for 6-APA Production in Three-Liquid-Phase System. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2007; 144:145-59. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-007-8018-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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31
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Modeling and optimization of methanol as a cosolvent in Amoxicillin synthesis and its advantage over ethylene glycol. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02931061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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32
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Wang Z, Wang L, Xu JH, Bao D, Qi H. Enzymatic hydrolysis of penicillin G to 6-aminopenicillanic acid in cloud point system with discrete countercurrent experiment. Enzyme Microb Technol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2006.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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33
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Wang Z, Xu JH, Wang L, Bao D, Qi H. Thermodynamic Equilibrium Control of the Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Penicillin G in a Cloud Point System without pH Control. Ind Eng Chem Res 2006. [DOI: 10.1021/ie060418r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhilong Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China, Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Bioprocessing, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P.R. China, Shanghai Highly Integrated Bioprocess Science and Technology Co, Shanghai 200238, P.R. China, and Institute of Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201101, P.R. China
| | - Jian-He Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China, Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Bioprocessing, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P.R. China, Shanghai Highly Integrated Bioprocess Science and Technology Co, Shanghai 200238, P.R. China, and Institute of Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201101, P.R. China
| | - Li Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China, Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Bioprocessing, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P.R. China, Shanghai Highly Integrated Bioprocess Science and Technology Co, Shanghai 200238, P.R. China, and Institute of Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201101, P.R. China
| | - Da Bao
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China, Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Bioprocessing, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P.R. China, Shanghai Highly Integrated Bioprocess Science and Technology Co, Shanghai 200238, P.R. China, and Institute of Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201101, P.R. China
| | - Hanshi Qi
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China, Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Bioprocessing, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P.R. China, Shanghai Highly Integrated Bioprocess Science and Technology Co, Shanghai 200238, P.R. China, and Institute of Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201101, P.R. China
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Aguirre C, Opazo P, Venegas M, Riveros R, Illanes A. Low temperature effect on production of ampicillin and cephalexin in ethylene glycol medium with immobilized penicillin acylase. Process Biochem 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2006.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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35
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Wang L, Wang Z, Xu JH, Bao D, Qi H. An Eco-Friendly and Sustainable Process for Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Penicillin G in Cloud Point System. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2006; 29:157-62. [PMID: 16802122 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-006-0067-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2006] [Revised: 05/07/2006] [Accepted: 05/09/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Enzymatic hydrolysis of penicillin G by immobilized penicillin acylase in a nonionic surfactant mediated cloud point system was presented. The effect of the operation parameters on equilibrium pH of this enzymatic hydrolysis process without pH control was examined. A relatively high equilibrium pH in cloud point system without pH control can be obtained. The feasibility of recycling utilization of the nonionic surfactant, a novel green solvent, was also investigated experimentally. Enzymatic hydrolysis of penicillin G in a discrete semi-batch mode, which simulates a semi-continuous process, envisages a completely eco-friendly, sustainable and efficient process for production of 6-aminopenicillanic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
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36
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Basso A, Spizzo P, Toniutti M, Ebert C, Linda P, Gardossi L. Kinetically controlled synthesis of ampicillin and cephalexin in highly condensed systems in the absence of a liquid aqueous phase. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2006.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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37
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Senerovic L, Stankovic N, Spizzo P, Basso A, Gardossi L, Vasiljevic B, Ljubijankic G, Tisminetzky S, Degrassi G. High-level production and covalent immobilization ofProvidencia rettgeri penicillin G acylase (PAC) from recombinantPichia pastoris for the development of a novel and stable biocatalyst of industrial applicability. Biotechnol Bioeng 2006; 93:344-54. [PMID: 16259000 DOI: 10.1002/bit.20728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A complete, integrated process for the production of an innovative formulation of penicillin G acylase from Providencia rettgeri(rPAC(P.rett))of industrial applicability is reported. In order to improve the yield of rPAC, the clone LN5.5, carrying four copies of pac gene integrated into the genome of Pichia pastoris, was constructed. The proteinase activity of the recombinant strain was reduced by knockout of the PEP4 gene encoding for proteinase A, resulting in an increased rPAC(P.rett) activity of approximately 40% (3.8 U/mL vs. 2.7 U/mL produced by LN5.5 in flask). A high cell density fermentation process was established with a 5-day methanol induction phase and a final PAC activity of up to 27 U/mL. A single step rPAC(P.rett) purification was also developed with an enzyme activity yield of approximately 95%. The novel features of the rPAC(P.rett) expressed in P.pastoris were fully exploited and emphasized through the covalent immobilization of rPAC(P.rett). The enzyme was immobilized on a series of structurally correlated methacrylic polymers, specifically designed and produced for optimizing rPAC(P.rett) performances in both hydrolytic and synthetic processes. Polymers presenting aminic functionalities were the most efficient, leading to formulations with higher activity and stability (half time stability >3 years and specific activity ranging from 237 to 477 U/g (dry) based on benzylpenicillin hydrolysis). The efficiency of the immobilized rPAC(P.rett) was finally evaluated by studying the kinetically controlled synthesis of beta-lactam antibiotics (cephalexin) and estimating the synthesis/hydrolysis ratio (S/H), which is a crucial parameter for the feasibility of the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidija Senerovic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, Vojvode Stepe 444a, Belgrade, Serbia and Montenegro
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38
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Giordano RC, Ribeiro MPA, Giordano RLC. Kinetics of β-lactam antibiotics synthesis by penicillin G acylase (PGA) from the viewpoint of the industrial enzymatic reactor optimization. Biotechnol Adv 2006; 24:27-41. [PMID: 15990267 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2005.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2005] [Accepted: 05/15/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Competition with well-established, fine-tuned chemical processes is a major challenge for the industrial implementation of the enzymatic synthesis of beta-lactam antibiotics. Enzyme-based routes are acknowledged as an environmental-friendly approach, avoiding organochloride solvents and working at room temperatures. Among different alternatives, the kinetically controlled synthesis, using immobilized penicillin G acylase (PGA) in aqueous environment, with the simultaneous crystallization of the product, is the most promising one. However, PGA may act either as a transferase or as a hydrolase, catalyzing two undesired side reactions: the hydrolysis of the acyl side-chain precursor (an ester or amide, a parallel reaction) and the hydrolysis of the antibiotic itself (a consecutive reaction). This review focuses specially on aspects of the reactions' kinetics that may affect the performance of the enzymatic reactor.
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39
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Penicillin G acylase catalyzed acylation of 7-ACA in aqueous two-phase systems using kinetically and thermodynamically controlled strategies: improved enzymatic synthesis of 7-[(1-hydroxy-1-phenyl)-acetamido]-3-acetoxymethyl-Δ3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid. Enzyme Microb Technol 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2004.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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40
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Lipase-catalyzed transesterification in aqueous medium under thermodynamic and kinetic control using carboxymethyl cellulose acetylation as the model reaction. Enzyme Microb Technol 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2004.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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41
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Illanes A, Anjarı́ M, Altamirano C, Aguirre C. Optimization of cephalexin synthesis with immobilized penicillin acylase in ethylene glycol medium at low temperatures. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2004.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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42
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Effect of temperature on the enzymatic synthesis of cefaclor with in situ product removal. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2003.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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43
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Illanes A, Cabrera Z, Wilson L, Aguirre C. Synthesis of cephalexin in ethylene glycol with glyoxyl-agarose immobilised penicillin acylase: temperature and pH optimisation. Process Biochem 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-9592(03)00031-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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44
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Aguirre C, Toledo M, Medina V, Illanes A. Effect of cosolvent and pH on the kinetically controlled synthesis of cephalexin with immobilised penicillin acylase. Process Biochem 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-9592(02)00092-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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45
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Schroën CGPH, Nierstrasz VA, Bosma R, Kroon PJ, Tjeerdsma PS, DeVroom E, VanderLaan JM, Moody HM, Beeftink HH, Janssen AEM, Tramper J. Integrated reactor concepts for the enzymatic kinetic synthesis of cephalexin. Biotechnol Bioeng 2002; 80:144-55. [PMID: 12209770 DOI: 10.1002/bit.10348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Integrated process concepts for enzymatic cephalexin synthesis were investigated by our group, and this article focuses on the integration of reactions and product removal during the reactions. The last step in cephalexin production is the enzymatic kinetic coupling of activated phenylglycine (phenylglycine amide or phenylglycine methyl ester) and 7-aminodeacetoxycephalosporanic acid (7-ADCA). The traditional production of 7-ADCA takes place via a chemical ring expansion step and an enzymatic hydrolysis step starting from penicillin G. However, 7-ADCA can also be produced by the enzymatic hydrolysis of adipyl-7-ADCA. In this work, this reaction was combined with the enzymatic synthesis reaction and performed simultaneously (i.e., one-pot synthesis). Furthermore, in situ product removal by adsorption and complexation were investigated as means of preventing enzymatic hydrolysis of cephalexin. We found that adipyl-7-ADCA hydrolysis and cephalexin synthesis could be performed simultaneously. The maximum yield on conversion (reaction) of the combined process was very similar to the yield of the separate processes performed under the same reaction conditions with the enzyme concentrations adjusted correctly. This implied that the number of reaction steps in the cephalexin process could be reduced significantly. The removal of cephalexin by adsorption was not specific enough to be applied in situ. The adsorbents also bound the substrates and therewith caused lower yields. Complexation with beta-naphthol proved to be an effective removal technique; however, it also showed a drawback in that the activity of the cephalexin-synthesizing enzyme was influenced negatively. Complexation with beta-naphthol rendered a 50% higher cephalexin yield and considerably less byproduct formation (reduction of 40%) as compared to cephalexin synthesis only. If adipyl-7-ADCA hydrolysis and cephalexin synthesis were performed simultaneously and in combination with complexation with beta-naphthol, higher cephalexin concentrations also were found. In conclusion, a highly integrated process (two reactions simultaneously combined with in situ product removal) was shown possible, although further optimization is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- C G P H Schroën
- Wageningen University, Department of Food Science, Food and Bioprocess Engineering Group, Biotechnion, P.O. Box 8129, 6700 EV Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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46
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Schroën C, Nierstrasz V, Bosma R, Kemperman G, Strubel M, Ooijkaas L, Beeftink H, Tramper J. In situ product removal during enzymatic cephalexin synthesis by complexation. Enzyme Microb Technol 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0141-0229(02)00113-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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47
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Ruiz M, Cabezas J, Escudero I, Alvarez J, Coca J. α-Phenylglycine Extraction with Trialkylmethylammonium Chloride Free and Immobilized in a Macroporous Resin. Chem Eng Res Des 2002. [DOI: 10.1205/026387602320224094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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48
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Diender MB, Straathof AJJ, van der Does T, Ras C, Heijnen JJ. Equilibrium modeling of extractive enzymatic hydrolysis of penicillin G with concomitant 6-aminopenicillanic acid crystallization. Biotechnol Bioeng 2002; 78:395-402. [PMID: 11948446 DOI: 10.1002/bit.10242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In the present downstream processing of penicillin G, penicillin G is extracted from the fermentation broth with an organic solvent and purified as a potassium salt via a number of back-extraction and crystallization steps. After purification, penicillin G is hydrolyzed to 6-aminopenicillanic acid, a precursor for many semisynthetic beta-lactam antibiotics. We are studying a reduction in the number of pH shifts involved and hence a large reduction in the waste salt production. To this end, the organic penicillin G extract is directly to be added to an aqueous immobilized enzyme suspension reactor and hydrolyzed by extractive catalysis. We found that this conversion can exceed 90% because crystallization of 6-aminopenicillanic acid shifts the equilibrium to the product side. A model was developed for predicting the equilibrium conversion in batch systems containing both a water and a butyl acetate phase, with either potassium or D-p-hydroxyphenylglycine methyl ester as counter-ion of penicillin G. The model incorporates the partitioning equilibrium of the reactants, the enzymatic reaction equilibrium, and the crystallization equilibrium of 6-aminopenicillanic acid. The model predicted the equilibrium conversion of Pen G quite reasonably for different values of pH, initial penicillin G concentration and phase volume ratio. The model can be used as a tool for optimizing the enzymatic hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Diender
- Delft University of Technology, Kluyver Laboratory for Biotechnology, Julianalaan 67, NL-2628 BC Delft, The Netherlands
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49
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De Queiroz AAA, Vargas RR, Higa OZ, Ribeiro RR, Vítolo M. Lactam-amide graft copolymers as novel support for enzyme immobilization. J Appl Polym Sci 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/app.10326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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50
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Cao L, van Langen L, van Rantwijk F, Sheldon R. Cross-linked aggregates of penicillin acylase: robust catalysts for the synthesis of β-lactam antibiotics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s1381-1177(00)00078-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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