1
|
Handojo L, Wardani AK, Regina D, Bella C, Kresnowati MTAP, Wenten IG. Electro-membrane processes for organic acid recovery. RSC Adv 2019; 9:7854-7869. [PMID: 35521162 PMCID: PMC9061277 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra09227c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
With an increase in the organic acid requirement, the production of organic acids has been increased over the years. To achieve cost-effective production of organic acids, efficient recovery processes are needed. Electro-membrane processes, including electrodialysis (ED), electrometathesis (EMT), electro-ion substitution (EIS), electro-electrodialysis (EED), electrodialysis with bipolar membrane (EDBM), and electrodeionization (EDI), are promising technologies for the recovery of organic acids. In the electro-membrane processes, organic acids are separated from water and other impurities based on the electro-migration of ions through ion-exchange membranes. These processes can recover various types of organic acids from the fermentation broth with high recovery yield and low energy consumption. In addition, the integration of fermentation and the electro-membrane process can improve the acid recovery with lower byproduct concentration and energy consumption. With an increase in the organic acid requirement, the publication of organic acids recovery has been increased over the years.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L. Handojo
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Institut Teknologi Bandung
- Bandung 40132
- Indonesia
| | - A. K. Wardani
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Institut Teknologi Bandung
- Bandung 40132
- Indonesia
| | - D. Regina
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Institut Teknologi Bandung
- Bandung 40132
- Indonesia
| | - C. Bella
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Institut Teknologi Bandung
- Bandung 40132
- Indonesia
| | | | - I. G. Wenten
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Institut Teknologi Bandung
- Bandung 40132
- Indonesia
- Research Center for Nanosciences and Nanotechnology
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Adsorption Behaviour of Lactic Acid on Granular Activated Carbon and Anionic Resins: Thermodynamics, Isotherms and Kinetic Studies. ENERGIES 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/en10050665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
3
|
van der Pol EC, Vaessen E, Weusthuis RA, Eggink G. Identifying inhibitory effects of lignocellulosic by-products on growth of lactic acid producing micro-organisms using a rapid small-scale screening method. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 209:297-304. [PMID: 26990397 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2016] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Sugars obtained from pretreated lignocellulose are interesting as substrate for the production of lactic acid in fermentation processes. However, by-products formed during pretreatment of lignocellulose can inhibit microbial growth. In this study, a small-scale rapid screening method was used to identify inhibitory effects of single and combined by-products on growth of lactic acid producing micro-organisms. The small-scale screening was performed in 48-well plates using 5 bacterial species and 12 by-products. Large differences were observed in inhibitory effects of by-products between different species. Predictions can be made for growth behaviour of different micro-organisms on acid pretreated or alkaline pretreated bagasse substrates using data from the small-scale screening. Both individual and combined inhibition effects were shown to be important parameters to predict growth. Synergy between coumaric acid, formic acid and acetic acid is a key inhibitory parameter in alkaline pretreated lignocellulose, while furfural is a key inhibitor in acid pretreated lignocellulose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edwin C van der Pol
- Food and Biobased Research, Wageningen University and Research Centre, PO Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands; Bioprocess Engineering, Wageningen University and Research Centre, PO Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands.
| | - Evelien Vaessen
- Bioprocess Engineering, Wageningen University and Research Centre, PO Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Ruud A Weusthuis
- Bioprocess Engineering, Wageningen University and Research Centre, PO Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Gerrit Eggink
- Food and Biobased Research, Wageningen University and Research Centre, PO Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands; Bioprocess Engineering, Wageningen University and Research Centre, PO Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chooklin S, Kaewsichan L, Kaewsrichan J. Potential use of oil palm sap on lactic acid production and product adsorption on Dowex™ 66 resin as adsorbent. ASIA-PAC J CHEM ENG 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/apj.1615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Supasit Chooklin
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industry; Rajamangala University of Technology Srivijaya; Thung Yai; Nakhon Si Thammarat; 80240; Thailand
| | - Lupong Kaewsichan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering; Prince of Songkla University; Hat Yai; Songkhla; 90112; Thailand
| | - Jasadee Kaewsrichan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Prince of Songkla University; Hat Yai; Songkhla; 90112; Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
The Choice of Suitable Online Analytical Techniques and Data Processing for Monitoring of Bioprocesses. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/10_2012_175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
|
6
|
Posada JA, Cardona CA, Gonzalez R. Analysis of the Production Process of Optically Pure d-Lactic Acid from Raw Glycerol Using Engineered Escherichia coli Strains. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2011; 166:680-99. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-011-9458-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2011] [Accepted: 11/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
7
|
Wang H, Dong Q, Meng C, Shi XA, Guo Y. A continuous and adsorptive bioprocess for efficient production of the natural aroma chemical 2-phenylethanol with yeast. Enzyme Microb Technol 2011; 48:404-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2011.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2010] [Revised: 01/24/2011] [Accepted: 01/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
8
|
Lee JW, Kim HU, Choi S, Yi J, Lee SY. Microbial production of building block chemicals and polymers. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2011; 22:758-67. [PMID: 21420291 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2011.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2011] [Accepted: 02/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Owing to our increasing concerns on the environment, climate change, and limited natural resources, there has recently been considerable effort exerted to produce chemicals and materials from renewable biomass. Polymers we use everyday can also be produced either by direct fermentation or by polymerization of monomers that are produced by fermentation. Recent advances in metabolic engineering combined with systems biology and synthetic biology are allowing us to more systematically develop superior strains and bioprocesses for the efficient production of polymers and monomers. Here, we review recent trends in microbial production of building block chemicals that can be subsequently used for the synthesis of polymers. Also, recent successful cases of direct one-step production of polymers are reviewed. General strategies for the production of natural and unnatural platform chemicals are described together with representative examples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Wook Lee
- Metabolic and Biomolecular Engineering National Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 program), Center for Systems and Synthetic Biotechnology, Institute for the BioCentury, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bi W, Zhou J, Row KH. Solid phase extraction of lactic acid from fermentation broth by anion-exchangeable silica confined ionic liquids. Talanta 2011; 83:974-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2010.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2010] [Revised: 10/26/2010] [Accepted: 11/01/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
10
|
Zhou J, Bi W, Row KH. Purification of lactic acid from fermentation broth by spherical anion exchange polymer. J Appl Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/app.33410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
11
|
Sauer M, Porro D, Mattanovich D, Branduardi P. 16 years research on lactic acid production with yeast – ready for the market? Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2010; 27:229-56. [DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2010.10648152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
|
12
|
Cervera AE, Petersen N, Lantz AE, Larsen A, Gernaey KV. Application of near-infrared spectroscopy for monitoring and control of cell culture and fermentation. Biotechnol Prog 2009; 25:1561-81. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
13
|
Kiviharju K, Salonen K, Moilanen U, Eerikäinen T. Biomass measurement online: the performance of in situ measurements and software sensors. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2008; 35:657-65. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-008-0346-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2008] [Revised: 03/18/2008] [Accepted: 03/20/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
14
|
Joglekar H, Rahman I, Babu S, Kulkarni B, Joshi A. Comparative assessment of downstream processing options for lactic acid. Sep Purif Technol 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2006.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
15
|
Scarff M, Arnold SA, Harvey LM, McNeil B. Near infrared spectroscopy for bioprocess monitoring and control: current status and future trends. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2006; 26:17-39. [PMID: 16594523 DOI: 10.1080/07388550500513677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The development of Near Infrared Spectroscopy has paralleled that of the PC, and the application of NIR in many industries has undergone explosive growth in recent years. This has been particularly apparent in the area of microbial and cell culture system monitoring and control. Potentially, NIR offers the prospect of real-time control of the physiology of cultured cells in fermenters, leading to marked improvements in authenticity, purity and production efficiency. Despite this, NIR is not yet as widely applied within the bioprocessing industry as its potential might suggest. This review critically evaluates the development of this rapidly moving area as it pertains to microbial and cell culture system control and highlights the critical stages in the development of the technology. It indicates the work that must still be carried out if the full potential of NIR is to be exploited in making proteins, hormones and antibiotics by the fermentation route. The review comes at a particularly timely moment when NIR stands on the threshold of widespread acceptance in bioprocessing. This is the ideal moment to assess what the technology can offer the microbiologist, and where it may develop in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Scarff
- Strathclyde Fermentation Centre, University of Strathclyde, 204 George Street, Glasgow G1 1XW, UK.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Li W, Xie D, Frost JW. Benzene-free synthesis of catechol: interfacing microbial and chemical catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2005; 127:2874-82. [PMID: 15740122 DOI: 10.1021/ja045148n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The toxicity of aromatics frequently limits the yields of their microbial synthesis. For example, the 5% yield of catechol synthesized from glucose by Escherichia coli WN1/pWL1.290A under fermentor-controlled conditions reflects catechol's microbial toxicity. Use of in situ resin-based extraction to reduce catechol's concentration in culture medium and thereby its microbial toxicity during its synthesis from glucose by E. coli WN1/pWL1.290A led to a 7% yield of catechol. Interfacing microbial with chemical synthesis was then explored where glucose was microbially converted into a nontoxic intermediate followed by chemical conversion of this intermediate into catechol. Intermediates examined include 3-dehydroquinate, 3-dehydroshikimate, and protocatechuate. 3-Dehydroquinate and 3-dehydroshikimate synthesized, respectively, by E. coli QP1.1/pJY1.216A and E. coli KL3/pJY1.216A from glucose were extracted and then reacted in water heated at 290 degrees C to afford catechol in overall yields from glucose of 10% and 26%, respectively. The problematic extraction of these catechol precursors from culture medium was subsequently circumvented by high-yielding chemical dehydration of 3-dehydroquinate and 3-dehydroshikimate in culture medium followed by extraction of the resulting protocatechuate. After reaction of protocatechuate in water heated at 290 degrees C, the overall yields of catechol synthesized from glucose via chemical dehydration of 3-dehydroquinate and chemical dehydration of 3-dehydroshikimate were, respectively, 25% and 30%. Direct synthesis of protocatechuate from glucose using E. coli KL3/pWL2.46B followed by its extraction and chemical decarboxylation in water gave a 24% overall yield of catechol from glucose. In situ resin-based extraction of protocatechaute synthesized by E. coli KL3/pWL2.46B followed by chemical decarboxylation of this catechol percursor was then examined. This employment of both strategies for dealing with the microbial toxicity of aromatic products led to the highest overall yield with catechol synthesized in 43% overall yield from glucose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wensheng Li
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Pons MN, Le Bonté S, Potier O. Spectral analysis and fingerprinting for biomedia characterisation. J Biotechnol 2004; 113:211-30. [PMID: 15380657 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2004.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2003] [Revised: 02/23/2004] [Accepted: 03/04/2004] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Classical culture media, as well as domestic and/or industrial wastewater treated by biological processes, have a complex composition. The on-line and/or in situ determination of some substances is possible, but expensive, as sample collection and pre-treatment are often necessary with strict rules of sterility. More global methods can be used to detect rapidly "accidents" such as the appearance of an undesirable by-product in a fermentation broth or of a toxic substance in wastewater. These methods combine a "hard" part, for sensing, and a "soft" part, for data treatment. Among potential "hard" candidates, spectroscopy can be the basis for non-invasive and non-destructive measuring systems. Some of them have been already tested in situ: ultra-violet-visible, infra-red (mid or near), fluorescence (mono-dimensional, two-dimensional or synchronous), dielectric, while others, more sophisticated, such as mass spectrometry, coupled or not to pyrolysis, nuclear magnetic resonance and Raman spectroscopy, have been proposed. All these methods provide spectra, i.e. large sets of data, from which meaningful information should be rapidly extracted, either for analysis or fingerprinting. The recourse to data-mining techniques (the "soft" part) such as principal components analysis, projection on latent structures or artificial neural networks, is a necessary step for that task. A review of techniques, mostly based on spectroscopy, with examples taken in the bioengineering field in general is proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Noëlle Pons
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Génie Chimique, CNRS-ENSIC-INPL, 1 rue Grandville, BP 451, F-54001 Nancy cedex, France.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Tong WY, Fu XY, Lee SM, Yu J, Liu JW, Wei DZ, Koo YM. Purification of l(+)-lactic acid from fermentation broth with paper sludge as a cellulosic feedstock using weak anion exchanger Amberlite IRA-92. Biochem Eng J 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/s1369-703x(03)00170-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
19
|
Stark D, von Stockar U. In situ product removal (ISPR) in whole cell biotechnology during the last twenty years. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2003; 80:149-75. [PMID: 12747544 DOI: 10.1007/3-540-36782-9_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This review sums up the activity in the field of in situ product removal in whole cell bioprocesses over the last 20 years. It gives a complete summary of ISPR operations with microbial cells and cites a series of interesting ISPR applications in plant and animal cell technology. All the ISPR projects with microbial cells are categorized according to their products, their ISPR techniques, and their applied configurations of the ISPR set-up. Research on ISPR application has primarily increased in the field of microbial production of aromas and organic acids such lactic acid over the last ten years. Apart from the field of de novo formation of bioproducts, ISPR is increasingly applied to microbial bioconversion processes. However, despite of the large number of microbial whole cell ISPR projects (approximately 250), very few processes have been transferred to an industrial scale. The proposed processes have mostly been too complex and consequently not cost effective. Therefore, this review emphasizes that the planning of a successful whole cell ISPR process should not only consider the choice of ISPR technique according to the physicochemical properties of the product, but also the potential configuration of the whole process set-up. Furthermore, additional process aspects, biological and legal constraint need to be considered from the very beginning for the design of an ISPR project. Finally, future trends of new, modified or improved ISPR techniques are given.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Stark
- Laboratory of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Tamburini E, Vaccari G, Tosi S, Trilli A. Near-infrared spectroscopy: a tool for monitoring submerged fermentation processes using an immersion optical-fiber probe. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2003; 57:132-138. [PMID: 14610948 DOI: 10.1366/000370203321535024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy has been developed as a noninvasive tool for the direct, real-time monitoring of glucose, lactic acid, acetic acid, and biomass in liquid cultures of microrganisms of the genera Lactobacillus and Staphylococcus. This was achieved employing a steam-sterilizable optical-fiber probe immersed in the culture (In-line Interactance System). Second-derivative spectra obtained were subjected to partial least-squares (PLS) regression and the results were used to build predictive models for each analyte of interest. Multivariate regression was carried out on two different sets of spectra, namely whole broth minus the spectral subtraction of water, and raw spectra. A comparison of the two models showed that the first cannot be properly applied to real-time monitoring, so this work suggests calibration based on non-difference spectra, demonstrating it to be sufficiently reliable to allow the selective determination of the analytes with satisfactory levels of prediction (standard error of prediction (SEP) < 10%). Direct interfacing of the NIR system to the bioreactor control system allowed the implementation of completely automated monitoring of different cultivation strategies (continuous, repeated batch). The validity of the in-line analyses carried out was found to depend crucially on maintaining constant hydrodynamic conditions of the stirred cultures because both gas flow and stirring speed variations were found to markedly influence the spectral signal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Tamburini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Patnaik R, Louie S, Gavrilovic V, Perry K, Stemmer WPC, Ryan CM, del Cardayré S. Genome shuffling of Lactobacillus for improved acid tolerance. Nat Biotechnol 2002; 20:707-12. [PMID: 12089556 DOI: 10.1038/nbt0702-707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 303] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Fermentation-based bioprocesses rely extensively on strain improvement for commercialization. Whole-cell biocatalysts are commonly limited by low tolerance of extreme process conditions such as temperature, pH, and solute concentration. Rational approaches to improving such complex phenotypes lack good models and are especially difficult to implement without genetic tools. Here we describe the use of genome shuffling to improve the acid tolerance of a poorly characterized industrial strain of Lactobacillus. We used classical strain-improvement methods to generate populations with subtle improvements in pH tolerance, and then shuffled these populations by recursive pool-wise protoplast fusion. We identified new shuffled lactobacilli that grow at substantially lower pH than does the wild-type strain on both liquid and solid media. In addition, we identified shuffled strains that produced threefold more lactic acid than the wild type at pH 4.0. Genome shuffling seems broadly useful for the rapid evolution of tolerance and other complex phenotypes in industrial microorganisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ranjan Patnaik
- Codexis, 515 Galveston Drive, Redwood City, CA 94063, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Vara AG, Hochkoepple A, Nielsen J, Villadsen J. Production of teicoplanin by Actinoplanes teichomyceticus in continuous fermentation. Biotechnol Bioeng 2002; 77:589-98. [PMID: 11788956 DOI: 10.1002/bit.10137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Production of the potent antibiotic teicoplanin by Actinoplanes teichomyceticus was studied in batch and in chemostat cultures. It is found that the producing strain deactivates to a non-producing strain named NP-12. This strain is used to find the growth kinetics of the A. teichomyceticus without interference from the product teicoplanin. In batch experiments with NP-12 grown on glucose at different initial concentrations and with different added amounts of teicoplanin, the strong inhibitory effect of teicoplanin was determined. These results obtained on NP-12 were validated in a series of chemostat experiments with the processing strain. All experiments in batch and in chemostat cultures were well represented by Monod kinetics with respect to the carbon and energy source (glucose) and with a substantial inhibitory effect of teicoplanin. Further experiments were made with the producing strain in a continuous reactor coupled to a microfilter that delivers a cell-free permeate. It was found that the derived kinetics almost exactly simulated the behavior of the cell recirculation reactor in addition to when the cell concentration in the reactor was more than four times higher than in the chemostat. For industrial production of teicoplanin, a continuous reactor with cell recirculation and working with a low effluent glucose concentration was by far the best mode of operation. Finally, the deactivation of the producing strain to NP-12 was modeled by a two-step deactivation mechanism. Deactivation was independent of dilution rate but dependent on the inoculum preparation and on the previous history of the inoculum.
Collapse
|