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Sun J, Wang Y, Zheng Y, Yuan M, Zhang H, Huo G, Weng M, Jiang R, Zhang Y, Wang Y. Improved titer and stability of selenium nanoparticles produced by engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Enzyme Microb Technol 2024; 173:110367. [PMID: 38070448 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2023.110367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) have gained significant attention in the fields of medicine and healthcare products due to their various biological activities and low toxicity. In this study, we focused on genetically modifying the Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain YW16 (CICC 1406), which has the ability to efficiently reduce sodium selenite and produce red SeNPs. By overexpressing genes involved in glutathione production, we successfully increased the glutathione titer of the modified strain YJ003 from 41.0 mg/L to 212.0 mg/L. Moreover, we improved the conversion rate of 2.0 g/L sodium selenite from 49.3% to 59.6%. Furthermore, we identified three surface proteins of SeNPs, and found that overexpression of Act1, one of the identified proteins, led to increased stability of SeNPs across different acid-base and temperature conditions. Through a 135-h feed fermentation process using 5.0 g/L sodium selenite, we achieved an impressive conversion rate of 88.7% for sodium selenite, and each gram of SeNPs contained 195.7 mg of selenium. Overall, our findings present an efficient method for yeast to synthesize SeNPs with high stability. These SeNPs hold great potential for applications in nanomedicine or as nutritional supplements to address selenium deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Sun
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Yixuan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Mengjie Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Hangjun Zhang
- Hangzhou Seasy Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 311100, China
| | - Guangliang Huo
- Hangzhou Seasy Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 311100, China
| | - Ming Weng
- Hangzhou Seasy Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 311100, China
| | - Ruicheng Jiang
- International Division, The Affiliated High School to Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Yinjun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Yuguang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
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Brizzee C, Mysore K, Njoroge TM, McConnell S, Hamid-Adiamoh M, Stewart ATM, Kinder JT, Crawford J, Duman-Scheel M. Targeting Mosquitoes through Generation of an Insecticidal RNAi Yeast Strain Using Cas-CLOVER and Super PiggyBac Engineering in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:1056. [PMID: 37998862 PMCID: PMC10672312 DOI: 10.3390/jof9111056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The global deployment of RNAi yeast insecticides involves transitioning from the use of laboratory yeast strains to more robust strains that are suitable for scaled fermentation. In this investigation, the RNA-guided Cas-CLOVER system was used in combination with Piggybac transposase to produce robust Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains with multiple integrated copies of the Sh.463 short hairpin RNA (shRNA) insecticide expression cassette. This enabled the constitutive high-level expression of an insecticidal shRNA corresponding to a target sequence that is conserved in mosquito Shaker genes, but which is not found in non-target organisms. Top-expressing Cas-CLOVER strains performed well in insecticide trials conducted on Aedes, Culex, and Anopheles larvae and adult mosquitoes, which died following consumption of the yeast. Scaled fermentation facilitated the kilogram-scale production of the yeast, which was subsequently heat-killed and dried. These studies indicate that RNAi yeast insecticide production can be scaled, an advancement that may one day facilitate the global distribution of this new mosquito control intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey Brizzee
- Demeetra Ag Bio, 2277 Thunderstick Dr. Suite 300, Lexington, KY 40505, USA; (C.B.); (S.M.); (J.T.K.)
| | - Keshava Mysore
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1234 Notre Dame Ave., South Bend, IN 46617, USA; (K.M.); (T.M.N.); (M.H.-A.); (A.T.M.S.)
- Eck Institute for Global Health, The University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Teresia M. Njoroge
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1234 Notre Dame Ave., South Bend, IN 46617, USA; (K.M.); (T.M.N.); (M.H.-A.); (A.T.M.S.)
- Eck Institute for Global Health, The University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Seth McConnell
- Demeetra Ag Bio, 2277 Thunderstick Dr. Suite 300, Lexington, KY 40505, USA; (C.B.); (S.M.); (J.T.K.)
| | - Majidah Hamid-Adiamoh
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1234 Notre Dame Ave., South Bend, IN 46617, USA; (K.M.); (T.M.N.); (M.H.-A.); (A.T.M.S.)
- Eck Institute for Global Health, The University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Akilah T. M. Stewart
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1234 Notre Dame Ave., South Bend, IN 46617, USA; (K.M.); (T.M.N.); (M.H.-A.); (A.T.M.S.)
- Eck Institute for Global Health, The University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - J. Tyler Kinder
- Demeetra Ag Bio, 2277 Thunderstick Dr. Suite 300, Lexington, KY 40505, USA; (C.B.); (S.M.); (J.T.K.)
| | - Jack Crawford
- Demeetra Ag Bio, 2277 Thunderstick Dr. Suite 300, Lexington, KY 40505, USA; (C.B.); (S.M.); (J.T.K.)
| | - Molly Duman-Scheel
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1234 Notre Dame Ave., South Bend, IN 46617, USA; (K.M.); (T.M.N.); (M.H.-A.); (A.T.M.S.)
- Eck Institute for Global Health, The University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
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3
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Wang Y, Xia T, Li C, Zeng D, Xu L, Song L, Yu H, Chen S, Zhao J, Bao X. Promoting Nucleic Acid Synthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae through Enhanced Expression of Rrn7p, Rrn11p, IMPDH, and Pho84p. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:15224-15236. [PMID: 37811818 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c05035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Saccharomyces cerevisiae has emerged as a preferred source for industrial production of ribonucleic acids (RNAs) and their derivatives, which find wide applications in the food and pharmaceutical sectors. In this study, we employed a modified RNA polymerase I-mediated green fluorescent protein expression system, previously developed by our team, to screen and identify an industrial S. cerevisiae strain with an impressive 18.2% increase in the RNA content. Transcriptome analysis revealed heightened activity of genes and pathways associated with rRNA transcription, purine metabolism, and phosphate transport in the high nucleic acid content mutant strains. Our findings highlighted the crucial role of the transcription factor Sfp1p in enhancing the expression of two key components of the transcription initiation factor complex, Rrn7p and Rrn11p, thereby promoting rRNA synthesis. Moreover, elevated expression of 5'-inosine monophosphate dehydrogenases, regardless of the specific isoform (IMD2, 3, or 4), resulted in increased rRNA synthesis through heightened GTP levels. Additionally, exogenous phosphate application, coupled with overexpression of the phosphate transporter PHO84, led to a 61.4% boost in the RNA yield, reaching 2050.4 mg/L. This comprehensive study provides valuable insights into the mechanism of RNA synthesis and serves as a reference for augmenting RNA production in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Wang
- College of Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Shandong Microbial Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, 3501 Daxue Road, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Tianqing Xia
- College of Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Shandong Microbial Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, 3501 Daxue Road, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Chenhao Li
- College of Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Shandong Microbial Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, 3501 Daxue Road, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Duwen Zeng
- College of Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Shandong Microbial Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, 3501 Daxue Road, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Lili Xu
- College of Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Shandong Microbial Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, 3501 Daxue Road, Jinan 250353, China
- Shandong Sunkeen Biological Company, 6789 Xingfuhe Road, Jining 273517, China
| | - Liyun Song
- College of Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Shandong Microbial Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, 3501 Daxue Road, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Hengsong Yu
- College of Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Shandong Microbial Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, 3501 Daxue Road, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Shichao Chen
- College of Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Shandong Microbial Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, 3501 Daxue Road, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Jianzhi Zhao
- College of Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Shandong Microbial Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, 3501 Daxue Road, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Xiaoming Bao
- College of Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Shandong Microbial Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, 3501 Daxue Road, Jinan 250353, China
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4
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Du MM, Zhang GG, Zhu ZT, Zhao YQ, Gao B, Tao XY, Wang FQ, Wei DZ. Boosting the epoxidation of squalene to produce triterpenoids in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2023; 16:76. [PMID: 37143155 PMCID: PMC10161426 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-023-02310-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycyclic triterpenoids (PTs) are common in plants, and have attracted considerable interest due to their remarkable biological activities. Currently, engineering the ergosterol synthesis pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a safe and cost-competitive way to produce triterpenoids. However, the strict regulation of ERG1 involved in the epoxidation of squalene limits the triterpenoid production. RESULTS In this study, we found that the decrease in ERG7 protein level could dramatically boost the epoxidation of squalene by improving the protein stability of ERG1. We next explored the potential factors that affected the degradation process of ERG1 and confirmed that ERG7 was involved in the degradation process of ERG1. Subsequently, expression of four different triterpene cyclases utilizing either 2,3-oxidosqualene or 2,3:22,23-dioxidosqualene as the substrate in ERG7-degraded strains showed that the degradation of ERG7 to prompt the epoxidation of squalene could significantly increase triterpenoid production. To better display the potential of the strategy, we increased the supply of 2,3-oxidosqualene, optimized flux distribution between ergosterol synthesis pathway and β-amyrin synthesis pathway, and modified the GAL-regulation system to separate the growth stage from the production stage. The best-performing strain ultimately produced 4216.6 ± 68.4 mg/L of β-amyrin in a two-stage fed-fermentation (a 47-fold improvement over the initial strain). CONCLUSIONS This study showed that deregulation of the native restriction in ergosterol pathway was an effective strategy to increase triterpenoid production in yeast, which provided a new insight into triterpenoids biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Meng Du
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Newworld Institute of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, P.O.B.311, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Ge-Ge Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Newworld Institute of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, P.O.B.311, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Zhan-Tao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Newworld Institute of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, P.O.B.311, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yun-Qiu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Newworld Institute of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, P.O.B.311, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Bei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Newworld Institute of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, P.O.B.311, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Xin-Yi Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Newworld Institute of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, P.O.B.311, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Feng-Qing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Newworld Institute of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, P.O.B.311, Shanghai, 200237, China.
| | - Dong-Zhi Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Newworld Institute of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, P.O.B.311, Shanghai, 200237, China.
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5
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Lopes A, Azevedo-Silva J, Carsanba E, Pintado M, Oliveira AS, Ferreira C, Pereira JO, Carvalho AP, Oliveira C. Peptide extract from spent yeast improves resistance of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to oxidative stress. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:3405-3417. [PMID: 37086282 PMCID: PMC10175367 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12514-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
Yeast cells face various stress factors during industrial fermentations, since they are exposed to harsh environmental conditions, which may impair biomolecules productivity and yield. In this work, the use of an antioxidant peptide extract obtained from industrial spent yeast was explored as supplement for Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation to prevent a common bottleneck: oxidative stress. For that, a recombinant yeast strain, producer of β-farnesene, was firstly incubated with 0.5 and 0.7 g/L peptide extract, in the presence and absence of hydrogen peroxide (an oxidative stress inducer), for 1-5 h, and then assayed for intracellular reactive oxygen species, and growth ability in agar spot assays. Results showed that under 2 mM H2O2, the peptide extract could improve cells growth and reduce reactive oxygen species production. Therefore, this antioxidant effect was further evaluated in shake-flasks and 2-L bioreactor batch fermentations. Peptide extract (0.7 g/L) was able to increase yeast resistance to the oxidative stress promoted by 2 mM H2O2, by reducing reactive oxygen species levels between 1.2- and 1.7-fold in bioreactor and between 1.2- and 3-fold in shake-flask fermentations. Moreover, improvements on yeast cell density of up to 1.5-fold and 2-fold, and on biomolecule concentration of up to 1.6-fold and 2.8-fold, in bioreactor and shake-flasks, respectively, were obtained. Thus, culture medium supplementation with antioxidant peptide extracted from industrial spent yeast is a promising strategy to improve fermentation performance while valuing biomass waste. This valorization can promote a sustainable and eco-friendly solution for the biotechnology industry by the implementation of a circular economy model. KEY POINTS: • Peptide extract from spent yeast applied for the first time on yeast fermentation. • Antioxidant peptide extract enhanced S. cerevisiae oxidative stress resistance. • Fermentation performance under stress improved by peptide extract supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Lopes
- Amyris BioProducts Portugal, Unipessoal, Lda. Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005, Porto, Portugal
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005, Porto, Portugal
| | - João Azevedo-Silva
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005, Porto, Portugal
| | - Erdem Carsanba
- Amyris BioProducts Portugal, Unipessoal, Lda. Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005, Porto, Portugal.
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Manuela Pintado
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Sofia Oliveira
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carlos Ferreira
- Amyris BioProducts Portugal, Unipessoal, Lda. Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005, Porto, Portugal
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Odila Pereira
- Amyris BioProducts Portugal, Unipessoal, Lda. Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005, Porto, Portugal
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana P Carvalho
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carla Oliveira
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005, Porto, Portugal.
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Expression of the human antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 increases nerolidol production in engineered yeast. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2022.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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7
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Ye Z, Huang Y, Shi B, Xiang Z, Tian Z, Huang M, Wu L, Deng Z, Shen K, Liu T. Coupling cell growth and biochemical pathway induction in Saccharomyces cerevisiae for production of (+)-valencene and its chemical conversion to (+)-nootkatone. Metab Eng 2022; 72:107-115. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2022.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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8
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Lee YG, Kim C, Sun L, Lee TH, Jin YS. Selective production of retinol by engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae through the expression of retinol dehydrogenase. Biotechnol Bioeng 2021; 119:399-410. [PMID: 34850377 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Retinol is a fat-soluble vitamin A that is widely used in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Currently, retinol is commercially produced by chemical synthesis. Microbial production of retinol has been alternatively explored but restricted to a mixture of retinoids including retinol, retinal, and retinoic acid. Thus, we introduced heterologous retinol dehydrogenase into retinoids mixture-producing Saccharomyces cerevisiae for the selective production of retinol using xylose. Expression of human RDH10 and Escherichia coli ybbO led to increase in retinol production, but retinal remained as a major product. In contrast, S. cerevisiae harboring human RDH12 produced retinol selectively with negligible production of retinal. The resulting strain (SR8A-RDH12) produced retinol only. However, more glycerol was accumulated due to intracellular redox imbalance. Therefore, Lactococcus lactis noxE coding for H2 O-forming NADH oxidase was additionally introduced to resolve the redox imbalance. The resulting strain produced 52% less glycerol and more retinol with a 30% higher yield than a parental strain. As the produced retinol was not stable, we examined culture and storage conditions including temperature, light, and antioxidants for the optimal production of retinol. In conclusion, we achieved selective production of retinol efficiently from xylose by introducing human RDH12 and NADH oxidase into S. cerevisiae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Gi Lee
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA.,Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Chanwoo Kim
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Liang Sun
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Tae-Hee Lee
- Solus BioTech, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Yong-Su Jin
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA.,Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
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9
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Mahmoodi M, Nassireslami E. Control algorithms and strategies of feeding for fed-batch fermentation of Escherichia coli: a review of 40 years of experience. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2021; 52:823-834. [PMID: 34730470 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2021.1998112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Fed-batch cultivation is a well-known type of submerged fermentation that is frequently used in manufacture of recombinant proteins and various kinds of enzymes, owing to its ability to produce products with high concentrations and high efficiency. In fed-batch culture, several issues must be considered; most of them are also presented in batch culture. However, feed flow rate calculation only corresponds to fed-batch fermentation and its value has a significant impact on productivity, efficiency, final concentration of product, formation of by-products, and viscosity of the culture. From this background, the present review article is an effort to gather the information on feeding strategies for fed-batch cultivation of Escherichia coli, which is a well-known microorganism in the production of recombinant proteins and industrial enzymes, especially for therapeutic applications. Moreover, this review is an aid to comprehend and compare the fundamental concept of different feeding strategies and their advantages and drawbacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mahmoodi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Nassireslami
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Toxicology Research Center, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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10
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Lin J, Yao Z, Lyu X, Ye L, Yu H. Development of a dual temperature control system for isoprene biosynthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Front Chem Sci Eng 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11705-021-2088-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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11
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The effect of growth rate on the production and vitality of non-Saccharomyces wine yeast in aerobic fed-batch culture. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2021; 44:2655-2665. [PMID: 34499236 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-021-02634-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Non-Saccharomyces wine yeasts are of increasing importance due to their influence on the organoleptic properties of wine and thus the factors influencing the biomass production of these yeasts, as starter cultures, are of commercial value. Therefore, the effects of growth rates on the biomass yield (Yx/s) and fermentation performance of non-Saccharomyces yeasts at bench and pilot scale were examined. The fermentative performance and (Yx/s) were optimised, in aerobic fed-batch cultivations, to produce commercial wine seed cultures of Lachancea thermotolerans Y1240, Issatchenkia orientalis Y1161 and Metschnikowia pulcherrima Y1337. Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Lalvin EC1118) was used as a benchmark. A Crabtree positive response was shown by L. thermotolerans in a molasses-based industrial medium, at growth rates exceeding 0.21 h-1 (µcrit), resulting in a Yx/s of 0.76 g/g at 0.21 h-1 (46% of µmax) in the aerobic bioreactor-grown fed-batch culture at bench scale. At pilot scale and 0.133 h-1 (36% of µmax), this yeast exhibited ethanol concentrations reaching 10.61 g/l, as a possible result of substrate gradients. Crabtree negative responses were observed for I. orientalis and M. pulcherrima resulting in Yx/s of 0.83 g/g and 0.68 g/g, respectively, below 32% of µmax. The Yx/s of M. pulcherrima, I. orientalis and L. thermotolerans was maximised at growth rates between 0.10 and 0.12 h-1 and the fermentative capacity of these yeasts was maximised at these lower growth rates.
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12
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Xu M, Meng X, Zhang W, Shen Y, Liu W. Improved production of 2'-fucosyllactose in engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae expressing a putative α-1, 2-fucosyltransferase from Bacillus cereus. Microb Cell Fact 2021; 20:165. [PMID: 34425826 PMCID: PMC8381501 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-021-01657-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background 2′-fucosyllactose (2′-FL) is one of the most abundant oligosaccharides in human milk. It constitutes an authorized functional additive to improve infant nutrition and health in manufactured infant formulations. As a result, a cost-effective method for mass production of 2′-FL is highly desirable. Results A microbial cell factory for 2′-FL production was constructed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by expressing a putative α-1, 2-fucosyltransferase from Bacillus cereus (FutBc) and enhancing the de novo GDP-l-fucose biosynthesis. When enabled lactose uptake, this system produced 2.54 g/L of 2′-FL with a batch flask cultivation using galactose as inducer and carbon source, representing a 1.8-fold increase compared with the commonly used α-1, 2-fucosyltransferase from Helicobacter pylori (FutC). The production of 2′-FL was further increased to 3.45 g/L by fortifying GDP-mannose synthesis. Further deleting gal80 enabled the engineered strain to produce 26.63 g/L of 2′-FL with a yield of 0.85 mol/mol from lactose with sucrose as a carbon source in a fed-batch fermentation. Conclusion FutBc combined with the other reported engineering strategies holds great potential for developing commercial scale processes for economic 2′-FL production using a food-grade microbial cell factory. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12934-021-01657-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyuan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Microbial Technology Institute, Shandong University, No.72 Binhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangfeng Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Microbial Technology Institute, Shandong University, No.72 Binhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China.
| | - Weixin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Microbial Technology Institute, Shandong University, No.72 Binhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Microbial Technology Institute, Shandong University, No.72 Binhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Weifeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Microbial Technology Institute, Shandong University, No.72 Binhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China.
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13
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Complete and efficient conversion of plant cell wall hemicellulose into high-value bioproducts by engineered yeast. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4975. [PMID: 34404791 PMCID: PMC8371099 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25241-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant cell wall hydrolysates contain not only sugars but also substantial amounts of acetate, a fermentation inhibitor that hinders bioconversion of lignocellulose. Despite the toxic and non-consumable nature of acetate during glucose metabolism, we demonstrate that acetate can be rapidly co-consumed with xylose by engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The co-consumption leads to a metabolic re-configuration that boosts the synthesis of acetyl-CoA derived bioproducts, including triacetic acid lactone (TAL) and vitamin A, in engineered strains. Notably, by co-feeding xylose and acetate, an enginered strain produces 23.91 g/L TAL with a productivity of 0.29 g/L/h in bioreactor fermentation. This strain also completely converts a hemicellulose hydrolysate of switchgrass into 3.55 g/L TAL. These findings establish a versatile strategy that not only transforms an inhibitor into a valuable substrate but also expands the capacity of acetyl-CoA supply in S. cerevisiae for efficient bioconversion of cellulosic biomass. Cellulosic hydrolysates contain substantial amounts of acetate, which is toxic to fermenting microorganisms. Here, the authors engineer Baker’s yeast to co-consume xylose and acetate for triacetic acid lactone production from a hemicellulose hydrolysate of switchgrass.
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14
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Kang NK, Lee JW, Ort DR, Jin YS. L-malic acid production from xylose by engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biotechnol J 2021; 17:e2000431. [PMID: 34390209 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202000431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
L-malic acid is widely used in the food, chemical, and pharmaceutical industries. Here, we report on production of malic acid from xylose, the second most abundant sugar in lignocellulosic hydrolysates, by engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae. To enable malic acid production in a xylose-assimilating S. cerevisiae, we overexpressed PYC1 and PYC2, coding for pyruvate carboxylases, a truncated MDH3 coding for malate dehydrogenase, and SpMAE1, coding for a Schizosaccharomyces pombe malate transporter. Additionally, both the ethanol and glycerol-producing pathways were blocked to enhance malic acid production. The resulting strain produced malic acid from both glucose and xylose, but it produced much higher titers of malic acid from xylose than glucose. Interestingly, the engineered strain had higher malic acid yield from lower concentrations (10 g/L) of xylose, with no ethanol production, than from higher xylose concentrations (20 g/L and 40 g/L). As such, a fed-batch culture maintaining xylose concentrations at low levels was conducted and 61.2 g/L of malic acid was produced, with a productivity of 0.32 g/L∙h. These results represent successful engineering of S. cerevisiae for the production of malic acid from xylose, confirming that that xylose offers the efficient production of various biofuels and chemicals by engineered S. cerevisiae. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam Kyu Kang
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.,DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Jae Won Lee
- DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.,Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Donald R Ort
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.,DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.,Departments of Plant Biology and Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Yong-Su Jin
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.,DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.,Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
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15
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Zha WL, Zi JC. Advances in biotechnological production of santalenes and santalols. CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES 2021; 13:90-97. [PMID: 36117763 PMCID: PMC9476758 DOI: 10.1016/j.chmed.2020.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Sandalwood essential oil has been widely used not only as natural medicines but also in perfumery and food industries, with sesquiterpenoids as its major components including (Z)- α-santalol and (Z)-β-santalol and so on. The mature heartwoods of Santalum album, Santalum austrocaledonicum and Santalum spicatum are the major plant resources for extracting sandalwood essential oil, which have been overexploited. Synthetic biology approaches have been successfully applied to produce natural products on large scale. In this review, we summarize biosynthetic enzymes of santalenes and santalols, including various santalene synthases (STSs) and cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYPs), and then highlight the advances of biotechnological production of santalenes and santalols in heterologous hosts, especially metabolic engineering strategies for constructing santalene- and santalol-producing Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-long Zha
- Biotechnological Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jia-chen Zi
- Biotechnological Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Corresponding author.
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16
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Gao S, Xu X, Zeng W, Xu S, Lyv Y, Feng Y, Kai G, Zhou J, Chen J. Efficient Biosynthesis of (2 S)-Eriodictyol from (2 S)-Naringenin in Saccharomyces cerevisiae through a Combination of Promoter Adjustment and Directed Evolution. ACS Synth Biol 2020; 9:3288-3297. [PMID: 33226782 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.0c00346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The compound (2S)-eriodictyol is an important flavonoid that can be derived from (2S)-naringenin through flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase (F3'H) catalyzation. F3'H is a cytochrome P450 enzyme that requires a cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR) to function. However, P450s have limited applications in industrial scale biosynthesis, owing to their low activity. Here, an efficient SmF3'H and a matched SmCPR were identified from Silybum marianum. To improve the efficiency of SmF3'H, we established a high-throughput detection method for (2S)-eriodictyol, in which the promoter combination of SmF3'H and SmCPR were optimized in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The results revealed that SmF3'H/SmCPR should be expressed by using promoters with similar and strong expression levels. Furthermore, directed evolution was applied to further improve the efficiency of SmF3'H/SmCPR. With the optimized promoter and mutated combinations SmF3'HD285N/SmCPRI453V, the (2S)-eriodictyol titer was improved to 3.3 g/L, the highest titer in currently available reports. These results indicated that S. cerevisiae is an ideal platform for functional expression of flavonoid related P450 enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Gao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education and School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Xiaoyu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education and School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Weizhu Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education and School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Sha Xu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education and School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Yunbin Lyv
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education and School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Yue Feng
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Guoyin Kai
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Jingwen Zhou
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education and School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Jiangsu Provisional Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jian Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education and School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Jiangsu Provisional Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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17
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Enhanced 2′-Fucosyllactose production by engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae using xylose as a co-substrate. Metab Eng 2020; 62:322-329. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2020.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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18
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Fermentative production of Vitamin E tocotrienols in Saccharomyces cerevisiae under cold-shock-triggered temperature control. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5155. [PMID: 33056995 PMCID: PMC7560618 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18958-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The diverse physiological functions of tocotrienols have listed them as valuable supplementations to α-tocopherol-dominated Vitamin E products. To make tocotrienols more readily available, tocotrienols-producing S. cerevisiae has been constructed by combining the heterologous genes from photosynthetic organisms with the endogenous shikimate pathway and mevalonate pathway. After identification and elimination of metabolic bottlenecks and enhancement of precursors supply, the engineered yeast can produce tocotrienols at yield of up to 7.6 mg/g dry cell weight (DCW). In particular, proper truncation of the N-terminal transit peptide from the plant-sourced enzymes is crucial. To further solve the conflict between cell growth and tocotrienols accumulation so as to enable high-density fermentation, a cold-shock-triggered temperature control system is designed for efficient control of two-stage fermentation, leading to production of 320 mg/L tocotrienols. The success in high-density fermentation of tocotrienols by engineered yeast sheds light on the potential of fermentative production of vitamin E tocochromanols. Tocotrienols are valuable supplementations to α-tocopherol-dominated Vitamin E products. Here, the authors engineer baker’s yeast by combining the heterologous genes from photosynthetic organisms with the endogenous pathway for the production of tocotrienols under cold-shock-triggered temperature control.
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19
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Moutsoglou ME, Dearden AC. Effect of the respiro-fermentative balance during yeast propagation on fermentation and wort attenuation. JOURNAL OF THE INSTITUTE OF BREWING 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/jib.621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria E. Moutsoglou
- Sierra Nevada Brewing Company, Research and Development; 1075 East 20 St. Chico CA 95926 USA
| | - Ashley C. Dearden
- Sierra Nevada Brewing Company, Research and Development; 1075 East 20 St. Chico CA 95926 USA
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20
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Kim DH, Liu JJ, Lee JW, Pelton JG, Yun EJ, Yu S, Jin YS, Kim KH. Biological upgrading of 3,6-anhydro-L-galactose from agarose to a new platform chemical. GREEN CHEMISTRY : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL AND GREEN CHEMISTRY RESOURCE : GC 2020; 22:1776-1785. [PMID: 33790689 PMCID: PMC8009285 DOI: 10.1039/c9gc04265b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the utilization of renewable biomass instead of fossil fuels for producing fuels and chemicals is receiving much attention due to the global climate change. Among renewable biomass, marine algae are gaining importance as third generation biomass feedstocks owing to their advantages over lignocellulose. Particularly, red macroalgae have higher carbohydrate contents and simpler carbohydrate compositions than other marine algae. In red macroalgal carbphydrates, 3,6-anhydro-L-galactose (AHG) is the main sugar composing agarose along with D-galactose. However, AHG is not a common sugar and is chemically unstable. Thus, not only AHG but also red macroalgal biomass itself cannot be efficiently converted or utilized. Here, we biologically upgraded AHG to a new platform chemical, its sugar alcohol form, 3,6-anhydro-l-galactitol (AHGol), an anhydrohexitol. To accomplish this, we devised an integrated process encompassing a chemical hydrolysis process for producing agarobiose (AB) from agarose and a biological process for converting AB to AHGol using metabolically engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae to efficiently produce AHGol from agarose with high titers and yields. AHGol was also converted to an intermediate chemical for plastics, isosorbide. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of upgrading a red macroalgal biomass component to a platform chemical via a new biological route, by using an engineered microorganism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hyun Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Jing-Jing Liu
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Jae Won Lee
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801, USA
| | | | - Eun Ju Yun
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Sora Yu
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Yong-Su Jin
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801, USA
- Corresponding authors: Kyoung Heon Kim () and Yong-Su Jin ()
| | - Kyoung Heon Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
- Corresponding authors: Kyoung Heon Kim () and Yong-Su Jin ()
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21
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Lane S, Zhang Y, Yun EJ, Ziolkowski L, Zhang G, Jin YS, Avalos JL. Xylose assimilation enhances the production of isobutanol in engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biotechnol Bioeng 2019; 117:372-381. [PMID: 31631318 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Bioconversion of xylose-the second most abundant sugar in nature-into high-value fuels and chemicals by engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been a long-term goal of the metabolic engineering community. Although most efforts have heavily focused on the production of ethanol by engineered S. cerevisiae, yields and productivities of ethanol produced from xylose have remained inferior as compared with ethanol produced from glucose. However, this entrenched focus on ethanol has concealed the fact that many aspects of xylose metabolism favor the production of nonethanol products. Through reduced overall metabolic flux, a more respiratory nature of consumption, and evading glucose signaling pathways, the bioconversion of xylose can be more amenable to redirecting flux away from ethanol towards the desired target product. In this report, we show that coupling xylose consumption via the oxidoreductive pathway with a mitochondrially-targeted isobutanol biosynthesis pathway leads to enhanced product yields and titers as compared to cultures utilizing glucose or galactose as a carbon source. Through the optimization of culture conditions, we achieve 2.6 g/L of isobutanol in the fed-batch flask and bioreactor fermentations. These results suggest that there may be synergistic benefits of coupling xylose assimilation with the production of nonethanol value-added products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Lane
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois.,DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois.,Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Yanfei Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - Eun Ju Yun
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Leah Ziolkowski
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois.,DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois.,Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Guochang Zhang
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Yong-Su Jin
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois.,DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois.,Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - José L Avalos
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey.,Andlinger Center for Energy and the Environment, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey.,Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey
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22
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Shi B, Ma T, Ye Z, Li X, Huang Y, Zhou Z, Ding Y, Deng Z, Liu T. Systematic Metabolic Engineering of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for Lycopene Overproduction. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:11148-11157. [PMID: 31532654 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b04519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Lycopene is widely used in foods, cosmetics, nutritional supplements, and pharmaceuticals. Microbial production of lycopene has been intensively studied. However, there are few systematic engineering studies on Saccharomyces cerevisiae aimed at achieving high-yield lycopene production. In the current study, by employing a systematic optimization strategy, we screened the key lycopene biosynthetic genes, crtE, crtB, and crtI, from diverse organisms. By adjusting the copy number of these three key genes, knocking out endogenous bypass genes, increasing the supply of the precursor acetyl-CoA, balancing NADPH utilization, and regulating the GAL-inducible system, we constructed a high-yield lycopene-producing strain BS106, which can produce 310 mg/L lycopene in shake-flask fermentation, with gene expression controlled by glucose. In optimized two-stage fed-batch fermentation, BS106 produced 3.28 g/L lycopene in a 7 L fermenter, which is the highest concentration achieved in S. cerevisiae to date. It will decrease the consumption of tomatoes for lycopene extraction and increase the market supply of lycopene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Shi
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , China
| | - Tian Ma
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , China
| | - Ziling Ye
- J1 Biotech Co., Ltd. , Wuhan 430075 , China
| | - Xiaowei Li
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , China
| | - Yanglei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , China
| | - Zhiyi Zhou
- J1 Biotech Co., Ltd. , Wuhan 430075 , China
| | - Yunkun Ding
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , China
| | - Zixin Deng
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , China
| | - Tiangang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , China
- Hubei Engineering Laboratory for Synthetic Microbiology , Wuhan Institute of Biotechnology , Wuhan 430075 , China
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23
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Paramasivan K, Kumar HN P, Mutturi S. Systems-based Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain design for improved squalene synthesis. Biochem Eng J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2019.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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24
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Ebert BE, Czarnotta E, Blank LM. Physiologic and metabolic characterization of Saccharomyces cerevisiae reveals limitations in the synthesis of the triterpene squalene. FEMS Yeast Res 2019; 18:5056161. [PMID: 30053028 DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/foy077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterologous synthesis of triterpenoids in Saccharomyces cerevisiae from its native metabolite squalene has been reported to offer an alternative to chemical synthesis and extraction from plant material if productivities can be increased.Here, we physiologically characterized a squalene overproducing S. cerevisiae CEN.PK strain to elucidate the effect of cultivation conditions on the production of this central triterpenoid precursor. The maximum achievable squalene concentration was substantially influenced by nutritional conditions, medium composition and cultivation mode. Batch growth on glucose resulted in minimal squalene accumulation, while squalene only significantly accumulated during ethanol consumption (up to 59 mg/gCDW), probably due to increased acetyl-CoA supply on this carbon source. Likewise, low squalene concentrations were observed in glucose-limited chemostat cultivations and improved up to 8-fold upon increasing the ethanol fraction in the feed. In those experiments, a constant, growth-rate-independent specific squalene accumulation rate (2.2 mg/gCDW/h) was recorded resulting in a maximal squalene loading of 30 mg/gCDW at low dilution rates with longer residence times. Coenzyme A availability was identified as possible bottleneck as increased vitamin concentrations, including the Coenzyme A precursor pantothenate, improved squalene titers in batch and chemostat cultivations. This analysis demonstrates that thorough physiologic characterization of production strains is valuable for the identification of bottlenecks already in early stages of strain development and for guiding further optimization efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgitta E Ebert
- iAMB-Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt-Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Eik Czarnotta
- iAMB-Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt-Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Lars M Blank
- iAMB-Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt-Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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Zhou P, Li M, Shen B, Yao Z, Bian Q, Ye L, Yu H. Directed Coevolution of β-Carotene Ketolase and Hydroxylase and Its Application in Temperature-Regulated Biosynthesis of Astaxanthin. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:1072-1080. [PMID: 30606005 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b05003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Because it is an outstanding antioxidant with wide applications, biotechnological production of astaxanthin has attracted increasing research interest. However, the astaxanthin titer achieved to date is still rather low, attributed to the poor efficiency of β-carotene ketolation and hydroxylation, as well as the adverse effect of astaxanthin accumulation on cell growth. To address these problems, we constructed an efficient astaxanthin-producing Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain by combining protein engineering and dynamic metabolic regulation. First, superior mutants of β-carotene ketolase and β-carotene hydroxylase were obtained by directed coevolution to accelerate the conversion of β-carotene to astaxanthin. Subsequently, the Gal4M9-based temperature-responsive regulation system was introduced to separate astaxanthin production from cell growth. Finally, 235 mg/L of (3 S,3' S)-astaxanthin was produced by two-stage, high-density fermentation. This study demonstrates the power of combining directed coevolution and temperature-responsive regulation in astaxanthin biosynthesis and may provide methodological reference for biotechnological production of other value-added chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Zhou
- Institute of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , P.R. China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety/Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, The Ministry of Education of China , Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225009 , P.R. China
| | - Min Li
- Institute of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , P.R. China
| | - Bin Shen
- Institute of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , P.R. China
| | - Zhen Yao
- Institute of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , P.R. China
| | - Qi Bian
- Institute of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , P.R. China
| | - Lidan Ye
- Institute of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , P.R. China
| | - Hongwei Yu
- Institute of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , P.R. China
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Yao Z, Zhou P, Su B, Su S, Ye L, Yu H. Enhanced Isoprene Production by Reconstruction of Metabolic Balance between Strengthened Precursor Supply and Improved Isoprene Synthase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. ACS Synth Biol 2018; 7:2308-2316. [PMID: 30145882 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.8b00289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Isoprene, as a versatile bulk chemical, has wide industrial applications. Here, we attempted to improve isoprene biosynthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by simultaneous strengthening of precursor supply and conversion via a combination of pathway compartmentation and protein engineering. At first, a superior isoprene synthase mutant ISPSLN was created by saturation mutagenesis, leading to almost 4-fold improvement in isoprene production. Subsequent introduction of ISPSLN to strains with strengthened precursor supply in either cytoplasm or mitochondria implied an imperfect match between the synthesis and conversion of the isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP)/dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP) pool. To reconstruct metabolic balance between the upstream and downstream flux, additional copies of diphosphomevalonate decarboxylase gene ( MVD1) and isopentenyl-diphosphate delta-isomerase gene ( IDI1) were introduced into the cytoplasmic and mitochondrial engineered strains. Finally, the diploid strain created by mating the above haploid strains produced 11.9 g/L of isoprene, the highest ever reported in eukaryotic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Yao
- Institute of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China
| | - Pingping Zhou
- Institute of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China
| | - Bingmei Su
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Enzyme Engineering, College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, PR China
| | - Sisi Su
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Lidan Ye
- Institute of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China
| | - Hongwei Yu
- Institute of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China
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Yu S, Liu JJ, Yun EJ, Kwak S, Kim KH, Jin YS. Production of a human milk oligosaccharide 2'-fucosyllactose by metabolically engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Microb Cell Fact 2018; 17:101. [PMID: 29950173 PMCID: PMC6020385 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-018-0947-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND 2'-Fucosyllactose (2-FL), one of the most abundant oligosaccharides in human milk, has potential applications in foods due to its health benefits such as the selective promotion of bifidobacterial growth and the inhibition of pathogenic microbial binding to the human gut. Owing to the limited amounts of 2-FL in human milk, alternative microbial production of 2-FL is considered promising. To date, microbial production of 2-FL has been studied mostly in Escherichia coli. In this study, 2-FL was produced alternatively by using a yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which may have advantages over E. coli. RESULTS Fucose and lactose were used as the substrates for the salvage pathway which was constructed with fkp coding for a bifunctional enzyme exhibiting L-fucokinase and guanosine 5'-diphosphate-L-fucose phosphorylase activities, fucT2 coding for α-1,2-fucosyltransferase, and LAC12 coding for lactose permease. Production of 2-FL by the resulting engineered yeast was verified by mass spectrometry. 2-FL titers of 92 and 503 mg/L were achieved from 48-h batch fermentation and 120-h fed-batch fermentation fed with ethanol as a carbon source, respectively. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report on 2-FL production by using yeast S. cerevisiae. These results suggest that S. cerevisiae can be considered as a host engineered for producing 2-FL via the salvage pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sora Yu
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, 02841 South Korea
| | - Jing-Jing Liu
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
| | - Eun Ju Yun
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, 02841 South Korea
| | - Suryang Kwak
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
| | - Kyoung Heon Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, 02841 South Korea
| | - Yong-Su Jin
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
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28
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Czarnotta E, Dianat M, Korf M, Granica F, Merz J, Maury J, Baallal Jacobsen SA, Förster J, Ebert BE, Blank LM. Fermentation and purification strategies for the production of betulinic acid and its lupane-type precursors in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biotechnol Bioeng 2017; 114:2528-2538. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.26377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eik Czarnotta
- iAMB-Institute of Applied Microbiology; ABBt-Aachen Biology and Biotechnology; RWTH Aachen University; Aachen Germany
| | - Mariam Dianat
- iAMB-Institute of Applied Microbiology; ABBt-Aachen Biology and Biotechnology; RWTH Aachen University; Aachen Germany
| | - Marcel Korf
- APT-Laboratory of Plant and Process Design; Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering; TU Dortmund University; Dortmund Germany
| | - Fabian Granica
- APT-Laboratory of Plant and Process Design; Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering; TU Dortmund University; Dortmund Germany
| | - Juliane Merz
- APT-Laboratory of Plant and Process Design; Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering; TU Dortmund University; Dortmund Germany
| | - Jérôme Maury
- Technical University of Denmark; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability; Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| | - Simo A. Baallal Jacobsen
- Technical University of Denmark; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability; Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| | - Jochen Förster
- Technical University of Denmark; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability; Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| | - Birgitta E. Ebert
- iAMB-Institute of Applied Microbiology; ABBt-Aachen Biology and Biotechnology; RWTH Aachen University; Aachen Germany
| | - Lars M. Blank
- iAMB-Institute of Applied Microbiology; ABBt-Aachen Biology and Biotechnology; RWTH Aachen University; Aachen Germany
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29
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Kwak S, Kim SR, Xu H, Zhang GC, Lane S, Kim H, Jin YS. Enhanced isoprenoid production from xylose by engineeredSaccharomyces cerevisiae. Biotechnol Bioeng 2017; 114:2581-2591. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.26369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suryang Kwak
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Urbana Illinois
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Urbana Illinois
| | - Soo Rin Kim
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology; Kyungpook National University; Daegu Republic of Korea
| | - Haiqing Xu
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Urbana Illinois
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Urbana Illinois
| | - Guo-Chang Zhang
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Urbana Illinois
| | - Stephan Lane
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Urbana Illinois
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Urbana Illinois
| | - Heejin Kim
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Urbana Illinois
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Urbana Illinois
| | - Yong-Su Jin
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Urbana Illinois
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Urbana Illinois
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30
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Peng B, Plan MR, Carpenter A, Nielsen LK, Vickers CE. Coupling gene regulatory patterns to bioprocess conditions to optimize synthetic metabolic modules for improved sesquiterpene production in yeast. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2017; 10:43. [PMID: 28239415 PMCID: PMC5320780 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-017-0728-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Assembly of heterologous metabolic pathways is commonly required to generate microbial cell factories for industrial production of both commodity chemicals (including biofuels) and high-value chemicals. Promoter-mediated transcriptional regulation coordinates the expression of the individual components of these heterologous pathways. Expression patterns vary during culture as conditions change, and this can influence yeast physiology and productivity in both positive and negative ways. Well-characterized strategies are required for matching transcriptional regulation with desired output across changing culture conditions. RESULTS Here, constitutive and inducible regulatory mechanisms were examined to optimize synthetic isoprenoid metabolic pathway modules for production of trans-nerolidol, an acyclic sesquiterpene alcohol, in yeast. The choice of regulatory system significantly affected physiological features (growth and productivity) over batch cultivation. Use of constitutive promoters resulted in poor growth during the exponential phase. Delaying expression of the assembled metabolic modules using the copper-inducible CUP1 promoter resulted in a 1.6-fold increase in the exponential-phase growth rate and a twofold increase in productivity in the post-exponential phase. However, repeated use of the CUP1 promoter in multiple expression cassettes resulted in genetic instability. A diauxie-inducible expression system, based on an engineered GAL regulatory circuit and a set of four different GAL promoters, was characterized and employed to assemble nerolidol synthetic metabolic modules. Nerolidol production was further improved by 60% to 392 mg L-1 using this approach. Various carbon source systems were investigated in batch/fed-batch cultivation to regulate induction through the GAL system; final nerolidol titres of 4-5.5 g L-1 were achieved, depending on the conditions. CONCLUSION Direct comparison of different transcriptional regulatory mechanisms clearly demonstrated that coupling the output strength to the fermentation stage is important to optimize the growth fitness and overall productivities of engineered cells in industrially relevant processes. Applying different well-characterized promoters with the same induction behaviour mitigates against the risks of homologous sequence-mediated genetic instability. Using these approaches, we significantly improved sesquiterpene production in yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingyin Peng
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Manuel R. Plan
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072 Australia
- Metabolomics Australia (Queensland Node), The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Alexander Carpenter
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Lars K. Nielsen
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Claudia E. Vickers
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072 Australia
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31
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Wang F, Lv X, Xie W, Zhou P, Zhu Y, Yao Z, Yang C, Yang X, Ye L, Yu H. Combining Gal4p-mediated expression enhancement and directed evolution of isoprene synthase to improve isoprene production in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Metab Eng 2017; 39:257-266. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2016.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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32
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Lv X, Wang F, Zhou P, Ye L, Xie W, Xu H, Yu H. Dual regulation of cytoplasmic and mitochondrial acetyl-CoA utilization for improved isoprene production in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12851. [PMID: 27650330 PMCID: PMC5036000 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial production of isoprene from renewable feedstock is a promising alternative to traditional petroleum-based processes. Currently, efforts to improve isoprenoid production in Saccharomyces cerevisiae mainly focus on cytoplasmic engineering, whereas comprehensive engineering of multiple subcellular compartments is rarely reported. Here, we propose dual metabolic engineering of cytoplasmic and mitochondrial acetyl-CoA utilization to boost isoprene synthesis in S. cerevisiae. This strategy increases isoprene production by 2.1-fold and 1.6-fold relative to the recombinant strains with solely mitochondrial or cytoplasmic engineering, respectively. By combining a modified reiterative recombination system for rapid pathway assembly, a two-phase culture process for dynamic metabolic regulation, and aerobic fed-batch fermentation for sufficient supply of acetyl-coA and carbon, we achieve 2527, mg l(-1) of isoprene, which is the highest ever reported in engineered eukaryotes. We propose this strategy as an efficient approach to enhancing isoprene production in yeast, which might open new possibilities for bioproduction of other value-added chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Lv
- Institute of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Institute of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Pingping Zhou
- Institute of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Lidan Ye
- Institute of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.,Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Wenping Xie
- Institute of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Haoming Xu
- Institute of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Hongwei Yu
- Institute of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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33
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Čáp M, Váchová L, Palková Z. Longevity of U cells of differentiated yeast colonies grown on respiratory medium depends on active glycolysis. Cell Cycle 2016; 14:3488-97. [PMID: 26566867 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2015.1093706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Colonies of Saccharomyces cerevisiae laboratory strains pass through specific developmental phases when growing on solid respiratory medium. During entry into the so-called alkali phase, in which ammonia signaling is initiated, 2 prominent cell types are formed within the colonies: U cells in upper colony regions, which have a longevity phenotype and activate the expression of a large number of metabolic genes, and L cells in lower regions, which die more quickly and exhibit a starvation phenotype. Here, we performed a detailed analysis of the activities of enzymes of central carbon metabolism in lysates of both cell types and determined several fermentation end products, showing that previously reported expression differences are reflected in the different enzymatic capabilities of each cell type. Hence, U cells, despite being grown on respiratory medium, behave as fermenting cells, whereas L cells rely on respiratory metabolism and possess active gluconeogenesis. Using a spectrum of different inhibitors, we showed that glycolysis is essential for the formation, and particularly, the survival of U cells. We also showed that β-1,3-glucans that are released from the cell walls of L cells are the most likely source of carbohydrates for U cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Čáp
- a Department of Genetics and Microbiology ; Faculty of Science; Charles University in Prague ; Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Libuše Váchová
- a Department of Genetics and Microbiology ; Faculty of Science; Charles University in Prague ; Prague , Czech Republic.,b Institute of Microbiology of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic ; Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Zdena Palková
- a Department of Genetics and Microbiology ; Faculty of Science; Charles University in Prague ; Prague , Czech Republic
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Vos T, Hakkaart XDV, de Hulster EAF, van Maris AJA, Pronk JT, Daran-Lapujade P. Maintenance-energy requirements and robustness of Saccharomyces cerevisiae at aerobic near-zero specific growth rates. Microb Cell Fact 2016; 15:111. [PMID: 27317316 PMCID: PMC4912818 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-016-0501-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Saccharomyces cerevisiae is an established microbial platform for production of native and non-native compounds. When product pathways compete with growth for precursors and energy, uncoupling of growth and product formation could increase product yields and decrease formation of biomass as a by-product. Studying non-growing, metabolically active yeast cultures is a first step towards developing S. cerevisiae as a robust, non-growing cell factory. Microbial physiology at near-zero growth rates can be studied in retentostats, which are continuous-cultivation systems with full biomass retention. Hitherto, retentostat studies on S. cerevisiae have focused on anaerobic conditions, which bear limited relevance for aerobic industrial processes. The present study uses aerobic, glucose-limited retentostats to explore the physiology of non-dividing, respiring S. cerevisiae cultures, with a focus on industrially relevant features. Results Retentostat feeding regimes for smooth transition from exponential growth in glucose-limited chemostat cultures to near-zero growth rates were obtained by model-aided experimental design. During 20 days of retentostats cultivation, the specific growth rate gradually decreased from 0.025 h−1 to below 0.001 h−1, while culture viability remained above 80 %. The maintenance requirement for ATP (mATP) was estimated at 0.63 ± 0.04 mmol ATP (g biomass)−1 h−1, which is ca. 35 % lower than previously estimated for anaerobic retentostats. Concomitant with decreasing growth rate in aerobic retentostats, transcriptional down-regulation of genes involved in biosynthesis and up-regulation of stress-responsive genes resembled transcriptional regulation patterns observed for anaerobic retentostats. The heat-shock tolerance in aerobic retentostats far exceeded previously reported levels in stationary-phase batch cultures. While in situ metabolic fluxes in retentostats were intentionally low due to extreme caloric restriction, off-line measurements revealed that cultures retained a high metabolic capacity. Conclusions This study provides the most accurate estimation yet of the maintenance-energy coefficient in aerobic cultures of S. cerevisiae, which is a key parameter for modelling of industrial aerobic, glucose-limited fed-batch processes. The observed extreme heat-shock tolerance and high metabolic capacity at near-zero growth rates demonstrate the intrinsic potential of S. cerevisiae as a robust, non-dividing microbial cell factory for energy-intensive products. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12934-016-0501-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Vos
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Xavier D V Hakkaart
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Erik A F de Hulster
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Antonius J A van Maris
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Jack T Pronk
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Pascale Daran-Lapujade
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ, Delft, The Netherlands.
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35
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Vos T, de la Torre Cortés P, van Gulik WM, Pronk JT, Daran-Lapujade P. Growth-rate dependency of de novo resveratrol production in chemostat cultures of an engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain. Microb Cell Fact 2015; 14:133. [PMID: 26369953 PMCID: PMC4570684 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-015-0321-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Saccharomyces cerevisiae has become a popular host for production of non-native compounds. The metabolic pathways involved generally require a net input of energy. To maximize the ATP yield on sugar in S. cerevisiae, industrial cultivation is typically performed in aerobic, sugar-limited fed-batch reactors which, due to constraints in oxygen transfer and cooling capacities, have to be operated at low specific growth rates. Because intracellular levels of key metabolites are growth-rate dependent, slow growth can significantly affect biomass-specific productivity. Using an engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain expressing a heterologous pathway for resveratrol production as a model energy-requiring product, the impact of specific growth rate on yeast physiology and productivity was investigated in aerobic, glucose-limited chemostat cultures. Results Stoichiometric analysis revealed that de novo resveratrol production from glucose requires 13 moles of ATP per mole of produced resveratrol. The biomass-specific production rate of resveratrol showed a strong positive correlation with the specific growth rate. At low growth rates a substantial fraction of the carbon source was invested in cellular maintenance-energy requirements (e.g. 27 % at 0.03 h−1). This distribution of resources was unaffected by resveratrol production. Formation of the by-products coumaric, phloretic and cinnamic acid had no detectable effect on maintenance energy requirement and yeast physiology in chemostat. Expression of the heterologous pathway led to marked differences in transcript levels in the resveratrol-producing strain, including increased expression levels of genes involved in pathways for precursor supply (e.g. ARO7 and ARO9 involved in phenylalanine biosynthesis). The observed strong differential expression of many glucose-responsive genes in the resveratrol producer as compared to a congenic reference strain could be explained from higher residual glucose concentrations and higher relative growth rates in cultures of the resveratrol producer. Conclusions De novo resveratrol production by engineered S. cerevisiae is an energy demanding process. Resveratrol production by an engineered strain exhibited a strong correlation with specific growth rate. Since industrial production in fed-batch reactors typically involves low specific growth rates, this study emphasizes the need for uncoupling growth and product formation via energy-requiring pathways. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12934-015-0321-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Vos
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 67, 2628 BC, Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Pilar de la Torre Cortés
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 67, 2628 BC, Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Walter M van Gulik
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 67, 2628 BC, Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Jack T Pronk
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 67, 2628 BC, Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Pascale Daran-Lapujade
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 67, 2628 BC, Delft, The Netherlands.
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36
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Mazzoleni S, Landi C, Cartenì F, de Alteriis E, Giannino F, Paciello L, Parascandola P. A novel process-based model of microbial growth: self-inhibition in Saccharomyces cerevisiae aerobic fed-batch cultures. Microb Cell Fact 2015; 14:109. [PMID: 26223307 PMCID: PMC4518646 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-015-0295-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microbial population dynamics in bioreactors depend on both nutrients availability and changes in the growth environment. Research is still ongoing on the optimization of bioreactor yields focusing on the increase of the maximum achievable cell density. RESULTS A new process-based model is proposed to describe the aerobic growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cultured on glucose as carbon and energy source. The model considers the main metabolic routes of glucose assimilation (fermentation to ethanol and respiration) and the occurrence of inhibition due to the accumulation of both ethanol and other self-produced toxic compounds in the medium. Model simulations reproduced data from classic and new experiments of yeast growth in batch and fed-batch cultures. Model and experimental results showed that the growth decline observed in prolonged fed-batch cultures had to be ascribed to self-produced inhibitory compounds other than ethanol. CONCLUSIONS The presented results clarify the dynamics of microbial growth under different feeding conditions and highlight the relevance of the negative feedback by self-produced inhibitory compounds on the maximum cell densities achieved in a bioreactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Mazzoleni
- Dept. di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055, Portici, NA, Italy.
| | - Carmine Landi
- Dept. di Ingegneria Industriale, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano, SA, Italy.
| | - Fabrizio Cartenì
- Dept. di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055, Portici, NA, Italy.
| | - Elisabetta de Alteriis
- Dept. di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80100, Naples, Italy.
| | - Francesco Giannino
- Dept. di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055, Portici, NA, Italy.
| | - Lucia Paciello
- Dept. di Ingegneria Industriale, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano, SA, Italy.
| | - Palma Parascandola
- Dept. di Ingegneria Industriale, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano, SA, Italy.
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Xie W, Lv X, Ye L, Zhou P, Yu H. Construction of lycopene-overproducing Saccharomyces cerevisiae by combining directed evolution and metabolic engineering. Metab Eng 2015; 30:69-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2015.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Nunes PS, Kjaerulff S, Dufva M, Mogensen KB. Real-time direct cell concentration and viability determination using a fully automated microfluidic platform for standalone process monitoring. Analyst 2015; 140:4007-20. [PMID: 25923294 DOI: 10.1039/c5an00478k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The industrial production of cells has a large unmet need for greater process monitoring, in addition to the standard temperature, pH and oxygen concentration determination. Monitoring the cell health by a vast range of fluorescence cell-based assays can greatly improve the feedback control and thereby ensure optimal cell production, by prolonging the fermentation cycle and increasing the bioreactor output. In this work, we report on the development of a fully automated microfluidic system capable of extracting samples directly from a bioreactor, diluting the sample, staining the cells, and determining the total cell and dead cells concentrations, within a time frame of 10.3 min. The platform consists of custom made stepper motor actuated peristaltic pumps and valves, fluidic interconnections, sample to waste liquid management and image cytometry-based detection. The total concentration of cells is determined by brightfield microscopy, while fluorescence detection is used to detect propidium iodide stained non-viable cells. This method can be incorporated into facilities with bioreactors to monitor the cell concentration and viability during the cultivation process. Here, we demonstrate the microfluidic system performance by monitoring in real time the cell concentration and viability of yeast extracted directly from an in-house made bioreactor. This is the first demonstration of using the Dean drag force, generated due to the implementation of a curved microchannel geometry in conjunction with high flow rates, to promote passive mixing of cell samples and thus homogenization of the diluted cell plug. The autonomous operation of the fluidics furthermore allows implementation of intelligent protocols for administering air bubbles from the bioreactor in the microfluidic system, so that these will be guided away from the imaging region, thereby significantly improving both the robustness of the system and the quality of the data.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Nunes
- Technical University of Denmark, Department for Micro- and Nanotechnology, Denmark.
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39
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Xie W, Ye L, Lv X, Xu H, Yu H. Sequential control of biosynthetic pathways for balanced utilization of metabolic intermediates in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Metab Eng 2015; 28:8-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2014.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Revised: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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40
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Jung SC, Kim W, Park SC, Jeong J, Park MK, Lim S, Lee Y, Im WT, Lee JH, Choi G, Kim SC. Two Ginseng UDP-Glycosyltransferases Synthesize Ginsenoside Rg3 and Rd. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 55:2177-88. [DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcu147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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41
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Görgens JF, Bressler DC, van Rensburg E. EngineeringSaccharomyces cerevisiaefor direct conversion of raw, uncooked or granular starch to ethanol. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2014; 35:369-91. [DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2014.888048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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42
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Úbeda J, Barrajón N, Briones A. Optimizing Small-Scale Production of Fresh Wine Yeast Biomass. J FOOD PROCESS ENG 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpe.12032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Úbeda
- Tecnología de Alimentos; IRICA Universidad de Castilla La Mancha; Avda. Camilo J. Cela 10 13071 Ciudad Real Spain
| | - Nuria Barrajón
- Tecnología de Alimentos; IRICA Universidad de Castilla La Mancha; Avda. Camilo J. Cela 10 13071 Ciudad Real Spain
| | - Ana Briones
- Tecnología de Alimentos; IRICA Universidad de Castilla La Mancha; Avda. Camilo J. Cela 10 13071 Ciudad Real Spain
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43
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Smallbone K, Messiha HL, Carroll KM, Winder CL, Malys N, Dunn WB, Murabito E, Swainston N, Dada JO, Khan F, Pir P, Simeonidis E, Spasić I, Wishart J, Weichart D, Hayes NW, Jameson D, Broomhead DS, Oliver SG, Gaskell SJ, McCarthy JEG, Paton NW, Westerhoff HV, Kell DB, Mendes P. A model of yeast glycolysis based on a consistent kinetic characterisation of all its enzymes. FEBS Lett 2013; 587:2832-41. [PMID: 23831062 PMCID: PMC3764422 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2013.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Revised: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We present an experimental and computational pipeline for the generation of kinetic models of metabolism, and demonstrate its application to glycolysis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Starting from an approximate mathematical model, we employ a “cycle of knowledge” strategy, identifying the steps with most control over flux. Kinetic parameters of the individual isoenzymes within these steps are measured experimentally under a standardised set of conditions. Experimental strategies are applied to establish a set of in vivo concentrations for isoenzymes and metabolites. The data are integrated into a mathematical model that is used to predict a new set of metabolite concentrations and reevaluate the control properties of the system. This bottom-up modelling study reveals that control over the metabolic network most directly involved in yeast glycolysis is more widely distributed than previously thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kieran Smallbone
- Manchester Centre for Integrative Systems Biology, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, UK
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Kazemi Seresht A, Cruz AL, de Hulster E, Hebly M, Palmqvist EA, van Gulik W, Daran JM, Pronk J, Olsson L. Long-term adaptation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to the burden of recombinant insulin production. Biotechnol Bioeng 2013; 110:2749-63. [PMID: 23568816 DOI: 10.1002/bit.24927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Revised: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
High-level production of heterologous proteins is likely to impose a metabolic burden on the host cell and can thus affect various aspects of cellular physiology. A data-driven approach was applied to study the secretory production of a human insulin analog precursor (IAP) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae during prolonged cultivation (80 generations) in glucose-limited aerobic chemostat cultures. Physiological characterization of the recombinant cells involved a comparison with cultures of a congenic reference strain that did not produce IAP, and time-course analysis of both strains aimed at identifying the metabolic adaptation of the cells towards the burden of IAP production. All cultures were examined at high cell density conditions (30 g/L dry weight) to increase the industrial relevance of the results. The burden of heterologous protein production in the recombinant strain was explored by global transcriptome analysis and targeted metabolome analysis, including the analysis of intracellular amino acid pools, glycolytic metabolites, and TCA intermediates. The cellular re-arrangements towards IAP production were categorized in direct responses, for example, enhanced metabolism of amino acids as precursors for the formation of IAP, as well as indirect responses, for example, changes in the central carbon metabolism. As part of the long-term adaptation, a metabolic re-modeling of the IAP-expressing strain was observed, indicating an augmented negative selection pressure on glycolytic overcapacity, and the emergence of mitochondrial dysfunction. The evoked metabolic re-modeling of the cells led to less optimal conditions with respect to the expression and processing of the target protein and thus decreased the cellular expression capacity for the secretory production of IAP during prolonged cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Kazemi Seresht
- Industrial Biotechnology, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivaegen 10, 41296, Gothenburg, Sweden
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45
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High-level semi-synthetic production of the potent antimalarial artemisinin. Nature 2013; 496:528-32. [PMID: 23575629 DOI: 10.1038/nature12051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1274] [Impact Index Per Article: 115.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2012] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In 2010 there were more than 200 million cases of malaria, and at least 655,000 deaths. The World Health Organization has recommended artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) for the treatment of uncomplicated malaria caused by the parasite Plasmodium falciparum. Artemisinin is a sesquiterpene endoperoxide with potent antimalarial properties, produced by the plant Artemisia annua. However, the supply of plant-derived artemisinin is unstable, resulting in shortages and price fluctuations, complicating production planning by ACT manufacturers. A stable source of affordable artemisinin is required. Here we use synthetic biology to develop strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (baker's yeast) for high-yielding biological production of artemisinic acid, a precursor of artemisinin. Previous attempts to produce commercially relevant concentrations of artemisinic acid were unsuccessful, allowing production of only 1.6 grams per litre of artemisinic acid. Here we demonstrate the complete biosynthetic pathway, including the discovery of a plant dehydrogenase and a second cytochrome that provide an efficient biosynthetic route to artemisinic acid, with fermentation titres of 25 grams per litre of artemisinic acid. Furthermore, we have developed a practical, efficient and scalable chemical process for the conversion of artemisinic acid to artemisinin using a chemical source of singlet oxygen, thus avoiding the need for specialized photochemical equipment. The strains and processes described here form the basis of a viable industrial process for the production of semi-synthetic artemisinin to stabilize the supply of artemisinin for derivatization into active pharmaceutical ingredients (for example, artesunate) for incorporation into ACTs. Because all intellectual property rights have been provided free of charge, this technology has the potential to increase provision of first-line antimalarial treatments to the developing world at a reduced average annual price.
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Biener R, Steinkämper A, Horn T. Calorimetric control of the specific growth rate during fed-batch cultures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Biotechnol 2012; 160:195-201. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2012.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2011] [Revised: 02/22/2012] [Accepted: 03/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Pereira FB, Gomes DG, Guimarães PMR, Teixeira JA, Domingues L. Cell recycling during repeated very high gravity bio-ethanol fermentations using the industrial Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain PE-2. Biotechnol Lett 2011; 34:45-53. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-011-0735-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2011] [Accepted: 08/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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48
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Development and validation of a medium for recombinant endo-β-1,4-xylanase production by Kluyveromyces lactis using a statistical experimental design. ANN MICROBIOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-011-0258-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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49
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Effect of initial cell concentration on ethanol production by flocculent Saccharomyces cerevisiae with xylose-fermenting ability. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2010; 162:1952-60. [PMID: 20432070 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-010-8972-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2009] [Accepted: 04/18/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Different initial cell concentrations of a recombinant flocculent Saccharomyces cerevisiae MA-R4 were evaluated for their effects on xylose fermentation and glucose-xylose cofermentation. A high initial cell concentration greatly increased both the substrate utilization and ethanol production rates. During xylose fermentation, the highest rates of xylose consumption (2.58 g/L h) and ethanol production (0.83 g/L h) were obtained at an initial cell concentration of 13.1 g/L. During cofermentation, the highest rates of glucose consumption (14.4 g/L h), xylose consumption (2.79 g/L h), and ethanol production (6.68 g/L h) were obtained at an initial cell concentration of 12.7 g/L. However, a high initial cell density had no positive effect on the maximum ethanol concentration and ethanol yield mainly due to the increased amount of by-products including xylitol. The ethanol yield remained almost constant (0.34 g/g) throughout xylose fermentation (initial cell concentration range, 1.81-13.1 g/L), while it was slightly lower at high initial cell concentrations (9.87 and 12.7 g/L) during cofermentation. The determination of the appropriate initial cell concentration is necessary for the improvement of substrate utilization and ethanol yield.
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50
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Nisamedtinov I, Kevvai K, Orumets K, Rautio JJ, Paalme T. Glutathione accumulation in ethanol-stat fed-batch culture of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with a switch to cysteine feeding. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2010; 87:175-83. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-010-2502-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2009] [Revised: 02/09/2010] [Accepted: 02/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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