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Costa Morais Oliveira V, Cubas-Vega N, López Del-Tejo P, Baía-da-Silva DC, Araújo Tavares M, Picinin Safe I, Cordeiro-Santos M, Lacerda MVG, Val F. Non-lactational Infectious Mastitis in the Americas: A Systematic Review. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:672513. [PMID: 34422853 PMCID: PMC8378399 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.672513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Non-lactational infectious mastitis (NLIM) is an inflammatory breast disease with broad clinical presentation. Inadequate treatment can lead to chronic infections that cause breast deformities. NLIM information is limited, especially in the Americas. A systematic review and meta-analysis have been conducted here. Methods: Literature search was conducted in three databases (Lilacs, PubMed, and Scielo) on NLIM cases in the Americas. Demographic, epidemiological, clinical, radiological, and laboratory data were extracted. The main characteristics and results were also compared according to the country's gross national income. Results: A total of 47 articles were included, resulting in 93 cases. The etiological agent was described in 86 (92.5%) patients. Bacteria were the most prevalent etiology (73; 84.8%). Amongst bacterial diagnoses, more frequent cases were Mycobacterium tuberculosis (28; 38.4%); Corynebacterium spp. (15; 20.5%); non-tuberculous mycobacteria (13; 17.8%). The cases were reported in eight different countries, with the USA being the country with the highest number of cases (35; 37.6%). Patients from high-income countries group presented a shorter diagnostic time when compared to low, low-middle, and upper-middle-income countries. A greater number of radiographic studies with pathological findings were described in high-income countries. Conclusion: Non-lactational infectious mastitis is a complex public health problem with diagnostic and treatment challenges. Hence, multi-professional approach-based additional studies are recommended on its epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Costa Morais Oliveira
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Brazil.,Fundação Hospital Adriano Jorge, Manaus, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Tropical, Universidade Do Estado Do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Nadia Cubas-Vega
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Tropical, Universidade Do Estado Do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Paola López Del-Tejo
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Tropical, Universidade Do Estado Do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Djane C Baía-da-Silva
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Tropical, Universidade Do Estado Do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
| | | | | | - Marcelo Cordeiro-Santos
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Tropical, Universidade Do Estado Do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil.,Departamento de Ensino e Pesquisa, Universidade Nilton Lins, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Marcus Vinícius Guimarães Lacerda
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Tropical, Universidade Do Estado Do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil.,Rede de Pesquisa em Malária, Instituto Leônidas and Maria Deane, Fiocruz-Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Fernando Val
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Tropical, Universidade Do Estado Do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
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Moussaoui KE, Lakhdar A, Baidada A, Kherbach A. Hydatid cyst of the breast: case report. Int J Surg Case Rep 2020; 77:325-328. [PMID: 33197778 PMCID: PMC7677661 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2020.10.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The hydatid cyst of the breast is a rare pathology even in countries endemic to tuberculosis, however there remains a differential diagnosis evoked in front of any breast tumor. The clinic, mammography and ultrasound sometimes allow us to suspect the hydatid nature of the lesion. The definitive diagnosis remains histological and the treatment is always surgical. From one case, we recall the important role that cytology can play in preoparatory diagnosis. CASE PRESENTATION We report an observation of 59-year-old patient who lives in a tuberculosis endemic area of morocoo. the patient presented to our institute with palpable nodule in the right breast associated with pain of long duration. Clinical examination shows 2 masses occuping the entire upper outer quadrant of the right breast. Radiological explorations (mammography + ultrasound) objectified: A voluminous opacity of the QSE of the right breast corresponding on ultrasound to two cystic with anechoic content. the first classified ACR2 BIRADS. the second has ultimately echogenic content with a sloping portion producing the appearance of pseudo vegetation,classified ACR3 BIRADS. A fine needle aspiration of the cyst only showed the presence of altered polynuclear, without evidence of tumor cells. Treatment consisted of surgical excision such as perikystectomy and pathology examination demonstrated breast hydatidosis.postoperative evolution was favourable. Patient was put on medical treatment based on albendazole immediately.The patient was monitored for one year without local or distant recurrences. CONCLUSION Although hydatid disease of the breast remains a rare localization of tuberculosis disease, it should nevertheless be considered as a differential diagnosis of breast tumors. Ultrasound, cytology and MRI play an important preoperative diagnostic role. Treatment is essentially based on surgical pericystectomy associated with medical treatment based on albendazole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal El Moussaoui
- Gynecology-Obstetrics and Endoscopy Department, Maternity Souissi, University Hospital Center IBN SINA, University Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco.
| | - Amina Lakhdar
- Gynecology-Obstetrics and Endoscopy Department, Maternity Souissi, University Hospital Center IBN SINA, University Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Aziz Baidada
- Gynecology-Obstetrics and Endoscopy Department, Maternity Souissi, University Hospital Center IBN SINA, University Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Aicha Kherbach
- Gynecology-Obstetrics and Endoscopy Department, Maternity Souissi, University Hospital Center IBN SINA, University Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco
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Russu MC, Nastasia Ş, Degeratu D, Stănculescu RV. Breast and Cervix Uteri: Rare Locations for Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infections and Complications-Cases Report and Literature Review. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2018. [DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.75044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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4
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Quaglio G, Pizzol D, Bortolani A, Manenti F, Isaakidis P, Putoto G, Olliaro PL. Breast tuberculosis in men: A systematic review. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0194766. [PMID: 29614082 PMCID: PMC5882116 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Setting Breast tuberculosis in male is a rarely reported and poorly described condition. Objective To quantify the number of breast tuberculosis in men, to describe clinical presentation and to present the diagnostic and therapeutic procedures applied. Design A systematic review of the literature including reports published in English, Spanish and French until December 2017. Results The search yielded 26 cases of male breast tuberculosis, median age 56.5 years. Most presented with an isolated breast lump (89%), associated with axillary lymphadenitis (27.8%) and skin inflammation (33.3%). The most common constitutional symptoms were pain (64.7%) and fever (35.3%). Fine-needle aspiration cytology and culture were the most common diagnostic modality (61.5%). Standard anti-tuberculosis regimen was the main treatment, alone or accompanied or preceded by incision and drainage. Conclusions The risk of breast tuberculosis in men appears to be low, but the condition can be difficult to diagnose and the diagnostic delays can be long. Overall prognosis is good following standard anti-tuberculosis regimen with or without incision/drainage.
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Affiliation(s)
- GianLuca Quaglio
- European Parliamentary Research Services (EPRS), European Parliament, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Internal Medicine, Verona University Hospital, Verona, Italy
| | - Damiano Pizzol
- Doctors with Africa CUAMM, Operational Research Unit, Beira, Mozambique
- * E-mail:
| | - Anna Bortolani
- Doctors with Africa CUAMM, Operational Research Unit, Padua, Italy
| | - Fabio Manenti
- Doctors with Africa CUAMM, Operational Research Unit, Padua, Italy
| | - Petros Isaakidis
- Médecins Sans Frontières, Southern Africa Medical Unit (SAMU), Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Giovanni Putoto
- Doctors with Africa CUAMM, Operational Research Unit, Padua, Italy
| | - Piero L. Olliaro
- Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases, World Health Organization (WHO/TDR), Geneva, Switzerland
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Zhong L, Zhou XL, Li J, Zhang YM, Jiao YF, Guo BL, Yan ZQ, Zhang JG. The T-SPOT.TB Test for Diagnosis of Breast Tuberculosis. Lab Med 2016; 46:14-9. [PMID: 25617387 DOI: 10.1309/lmfbrt05mwv3ayim] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the diagnostic value of the T-SPOT.TB test in cases of breast turberculosis (BTB) in China. METHODS We enrolled 13 female patients with primary BTB as the BTB test group and 10 healthy volunteers as the control group. The 2 groups underwent T-SPOT.TB tests and tuberculin skin tests (TSTs) before receiving a core-needle biopsy or excision biopsy. We then collected and analyzed T-SPOT.TB and TST data. RESULTS The sensitivity of the T-SPOT.TB test for detection of BTB (84.6%) was significantly greater than that of TST (53.8%) (P <.05); the specificity of each test (80.0% and 60.0%, respectively) for BTB was not significantly different (P >.05). CONCLUSION The T-SPOT.TB test could be a useful adjunct to current tests for diagnosis of BTB and could be used for early diagnosis of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Juan Li
- Pathology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yan-Mei Zhang
- Pathology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yu-Fei Jiao
- Pathology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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El Hammoumi M, Ktaibi A, El Oueriachi F, Arsalane A, Kabiri EH. [Breast cancer-mimicking tuberculosis with pacchypleurite in male]. REVUE DE PNEUMOLOGIE CLINIQUE 2015; 71:249-251. [PMID: 24932505 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneumo.2014.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Revised: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M El Hammoumi
- Département de chirurgie thoracique, hôpital militaire d'instruction Mohammed-V, Riad 10100 Rabat, Maroc; Faculté de médecine et de pharmacie, université Mohamed-V, Souissi, 10100 Rabat, Maroc.
| | - A Ktaibi
- Faculté de médecine et de pharmacie, université Mohamed-V, Souissi, 10100 Rabat, Maroc; Département d'anatomie pathologique, hôpital militaire d'instruction Mohammed-V, Rabat, Maroc
| | - F El Oueriachi
- Département de chirurgie thoracique, hôpital militaire d'instruction Mohammed-V, Riad 10100 Rabat, Maroc; Faculté de médecine et de pharmacie, université Mohamed-V, Souissi, 10100 Rabat, Maroc
| | - A Arsalane
- Département de chirurgie thoracique, hôpital militaire d'instruction Mohammed-V, Riad 10100 Rabat, Maroc; Faculté de médecine et de pharmacie, université Mohamed-V, Souissi, 10100 Rabat, Maroc
| | - E H Kabiri
- Département de chirurgie thoracique, hôpital militaire d'instruction Mohammed-V, Riad 10100 Rabat, Maroc; Faculté de médecine et de pharmacie, université Mohamed-V, Souissi, 10100 Rabat, Maroc
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Narayana Reddy RA, Narayana SM, Shariff S. Role of fine-needle aspiration cytology and fluid cytology in extra-pulmonary tuberculosis. Diagn Cytopathol 2012; 41:392-8. [PMID: 22351190 DOI: 10.1002/dc.22827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2011] [Revised: 11/04/2011] [Accepted: 11/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Extra-pulmonary tuberculosis is the presence of disease in an organ without obvious involvement of the lungs (World Health Organization, Tuberculosis Fact sheet, 2006). The present article focuses on the incidence of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis as an emerging and clinically significant disease to be reckoned with in the present era. It also highlights fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) as an inexpensive, less invasive procedure for early diagnosis of such tuberculosis and timely initiation of specific therapy. All cases of proved tuberculosis presenting to the M.V.J. Medical College and Research Hospital were recorded over a period of two years (2008-2010); and categorized as pulmonary and extra-pulmonary cases. A total of 96 cases of tuberculosis were observed; extra-pulmonary tuberculosis was seen in 64 cases. Of these 56 cases were from lymphnodes and 8 from extra-nodal sites which included tuberculous dactylitis (two cases), tuberculous mastitis (two cases), tuberculous synovial effusion (one case), pericardial effusion (one case), epididymo-orchitis (one case), and cold abscess (one case). The cytology patterns observed included granulomatous inflammation and necrosis with or without acid fast bacilli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roopa A Narayana Reddy
- Department of Pathology, M V J Medical College and Research Hospital, Hosakote, Bangalore, India.
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Sibbitt RR, Palmer DJ, Bankhurst AD, Sibbitt WL. Integration of new safety technologies for needle aspiration of breast cysts. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2008; 279:285-92. [PMID: 18568356 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-008-0710-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2008] [Accepted: 06/03/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION National and international regulatory agencies and professional societies mandate systematic improvements in both the safety of patients and heath care workers (HCW), including the integration of safety technologies into the procedures of obstetrics and gynecology (Ob-Gyn). MATERIALS AND METHODS Using national resources for patient safety and literature review, these safety technologies were identified: (1) a safety needle to reduce needle sticks to HCW, and (2) the reciprocating procedure device (RPD) to reduce injuries to patients. These technologies were introduced in a trial fashion into routine breast cyst aspiration, and physician responses were determined. RESULTS The safety needle presented a number of difficulties associated with the safety sheath, but could be used efficiently for breast cyst aspiration. The RPD safety device functioned well for breast aspiration procedures and was well accepted by physicians. CONCLUSIONS New safety technologies can be successfully evaluated and introduced into the clinic to improve patient and HCW safety during outpatient breast procedures. Since these technologies have been demonstrated to decrease injuries to patients and HCW by 60-70%, serious efforts should be undertaken to systematically integrate safety technologies into the routine practice, including aspiration of breast cysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randy R Sibbitt
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, St. Peter Hospital, Helena, MT, USA
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9
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Rajagopala S, Agarwal R. Tubercular mastitis in men: case report and systematic review. Am J Med 2008; 121:539-44. [PMID: 18501237 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2008.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2007] [Revised: 01/15/2008] [Accepted: 01/15/2008] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tuberculous mastitis is usually reported in multiparous postpartum women and is an unusual cause of gynecomastia in adolescent men. METHODS We describe an illustrative case and review all cases of tubercular mastitis reported in men in the English literature. RESULTS Our search yielded 24 cases of male tubercular mastitis. Most presented with an isolated breast lump. Constitutional symptoms were rare (21.4%), and associated tuberculosis foci, mostly inactive, were seen in 43.8%. Breast parenchymal involvement, chest wall masses, pectoral muscle abscesses, cold abscesses tracking through the chest wall, and empyema necessitatis presented as breast lumps. Fine-needle aspiration cytology was the most common diagnostic modality, and acid-fast bacilli were demonstrable in a minority (33%). A combination of granulomatous mastitis, necrosis, and clinical response to antitubercular therapy was the most common mode of establishing the diagnosis. Most patients responded to antitubercular therapy alone. CONCLUSION Tubercular mastitis is a rare cause of breast masses in men, and a high index of suspicion can prevent diagnostic delays. Most patients respond to antitubercular therapy alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivas Rajagopala
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
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Winzer KJ, Menenakos C, Braumann C, Mueller JM, Guski H. Breast mass due to pectoral muscle tuberculosis mimicking breast cancer in a male patient. Int J Infect Dis 2005; 9:176-7. [PMID: 15840460 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2004.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2004] [Accepted: 07/06/2004] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Sakr AA, Fawzy RK, Fadaly G, Baky MA. Mammographic and sonographic features of tuberculous mastitis. Eur J Radiol 2004; 51:54-60. [PMID: 15186885 DOI: 10.1016/s0720-048x(03)00230-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2002] [Revised: 07/15/2003] [Accepted: 07/21/2003] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
From December 1999 to April 2001, 10 cases of tuberculous mastitis were presented to the Radiology Unit at the Medical Research Institute of Alexandria University for mammographic and sonographic evaluation. Sixty percent presented with masses, 50% mastalgia, 40% discharge, and 10% complained of skin sinus. In 30% of the patients the complaint was bilateral. All cases underwent full mammographic and ultrasonographic (US) studies, and US-guided fine needle aspiration. Also pathological, bacteriological analysis, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were done to all patients to prove the tuberculous nature of their lesions. Thirty percent of the cases had surgical excision on their masses. On mammography 30% were found to have mass lesion mimicking malignant tumors, 40% smooth bordered masses, 40% axillary or intramammary adenopathy, 30% asymmetric density, 30% duct ectasia, 20% with skin thickening and nipple retraction, 20% with macrocalcification, and 10% with skin sinus. On US 60% had hypoechoic masses, 40% focal or sectorial duct ectasia, and 50% axillary adenopathy. History of tuberculosis was found in 30% of the cases. Chest X-ray was positive in 20% and breast magnetic resonance imaging was done to one patient who had skin sinus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman A Sakr
- Radiology Unit, Department of Radiation Sciences, Medical Research Institute, University of Alexandria, 165 Horreya Avenue, El Hadara, Alexandria, Egypt.
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Carrillo Casas E, Rodríguez Carballeira M, Sanjaume M, Martínez Lacasa J, Vives P, Garau J. Tuberculosis cutánea, mamaria y ganglionar sin afectación pulmonar en paciente sin inmunodepresión aparente. Rev Clin Esp 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2565(03)71277-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Luna A, Julián JF, Mariscal A, Sopena N, Fernández-Llamazares J, Broggi M. Breast tuberculosis in a man. Breast 2000; 9:58-9. [PMID: 14731587 DOI: 10.1054/brst.1999.0900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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