1
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Jin WN, Gonzales R, Feng Y, Wood K, Chai Z, Dong JF, La Cava A, Shi FD, Liu Q. Brain Ischemia Induces Diversified Neuroantigen-Specific T-Cell Responses That Exacerbate Brain Injury. Stroke 2018; 49:1471-1478. [PMID: 29695462 PMCID: PMC5976228 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.118.020203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Background and Purpose— Autoimmune responses can occur when antigens from the central nervous system are presented to lymphocytes in the periphery or central nervous system in several neurological diseases. However, whether autoimmune responses emerge after brain ischemia and their impact on clinical outcomes remains controversial. We hypothesized that brain ischemia facilitates the genesis of autoimmunity and aggravates ischemic brain injury. Methods— Using a mouse strain that harbors a transgenic T-cell receptor to a central nervous system antigen, MOG35-55 (myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein) epitope (2D2), we determined the anatomic location and involvement of antigen-presenting cells in the development of T-cell reactivity after brain ischemia and how T-cell reactivity impacts stroke outcome. Transient middle cerebral artery occlusion and photothrombotic stroke models were used in this study. We also quantified the presence and status of T cells from brain slices of ischemic patients. Results— By coupling transfer of labeled MOG35-55-specific (2D2) T cells with tetramer tracking, we show an expansion in reactivity of 2D2 T cells to MOG91-108 and MOG103-125 in transient middle cerebral artery occlusion and photothrombotic stroke models. This reactivity and T-cell activation first occur locally in the brain after ischemia. Also, microglia act as antigen-presenting cells that effectively present MOG antigens, and depletion of microglia ablates expansion of 2D2 reactive T cells. Notably, the adoptive transfer of neuroantigen-experienced 2D2 T cells exacerbates Th1/Th17 responses and brain injury. Finally, T-cell activation and MOG-specific T cells are present in the brain of patients with ischemic stroke. Conclusions— Our findings suggest that brain ischemia activates and diversifies T-cell responses locally, which exacerbates ischemic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Na Jin
- From the Department of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ (W.-N.J., K.W., F.-D.S., Q.L.)
| | - Rayna Gonzales
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix (R.G.)
| | - Yan Feng
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, China (Y.F.)
| | - Kristofer Wood
- From the Department of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ (W.-N.J., K.W., F.-D.S., Q.L.)
| | - Zhi Chai
- Collaborative Innovation Center/Research Center of Neurobiology, Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, China (Z.C.)
| | - Jing-Fei Dong
- Puget Sound Blood Research Institute, Seattle, WA (J.-F.D.).,Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle (J.-F.D.)
| | - Antonio La Cava
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (A.L.C.)
| | - Fu-Dong Shi
- From the Department of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ (W.-N.J., K.W., F.-D.S., Q.L.)
| | - Qiang Liu
- From the Department of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ (W.-N.J., K.W., F.-D.S., Q.L.)
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2
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Offner H, Vandenbark AA. Congruent Effects of Estrogen and T-Cell Receptor Peptide Therapy on Regulatory T Cells in EAE and MS. Int Rev Immunol 2009; 24:447-77. [PMID: 16318990 DOI: 10.1080/08830180500371462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Both estrogen (E2) and T-cell receptor (TCR) peptides have beneficial effects on the clinical course of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and possibly multiple sclerosis (MS) that involve distinct but congruent mechanisms. Of interest, these two approaches share an ability to enhance expression of the FoxP3 gene and associated activity of regulatory T (Treg) cells. E2 increases the number and activity of FoxP3(+) T cells through Esr-1 signaling during TCR activation of CD4(+)CD25(-) T cells. In contrast, TCR peptide therapy appears to increase the frequency of regulatory FoxP3(+) T cells specific for self-TCR determinants expressed by targeted pathogenic T cells. The combined effects on Treg expansion and activation induced by these distinct immunoregulatory approaches may account for their potent effects on clinical EAE and argue for a similar combined therapeutic approach for MS.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/drug therapy
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/genetics
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/immunology
- Estrogens/immunology
- Estrogens/pharmacology
- Estrogens/therapeutic use
- Female
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/genetics
- Gene Expression/drug effects
- Humans
- Lymphocyte Activation/drug effects
- Lymphocyte Activation/immunology
- Male
- Models, Immunological
- Multiple Sclerosis/drug therapy
- Multiple Sclerosis/genetics
- Multiple Sclerosis/immunology
- Peptides/immunology
- Peptides/therapeutic use
- Pregnancy
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology
- Receptors, Estrogen/physiology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Halina Offner
- Neuroimmunology Research, Veterans Affairs Medicial Center, Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, 97239, USA.
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3
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Wang Y, Evans JT, Rodriguez F, Fields P, Mueller C, Chitnis T, Khoury SJ, Bynoe MS. A tale of two STAT6 knock out mice in the induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Neuroimmunol 2008; 206:76-85. [PMID: 19100630 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2008.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2008] [Revised: 11/10/2008] [Accepted: 11/13/2008] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
T helper 2 (Th2) cytokines are known to be important in protection against experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). To investigate the role of the signal transducer and activator of transcription factor 6 (STAT6) in EAE we used mice with two different targeted disruptions of the STAT6 gene. In this report, we show that mice with a targeted deletion of the first coding exon of the SH2 domain of STAT6 induce Th2 cell differentiation and are resistant to EAE induction. By contrast, STAT6(-/-) mice generated by deletion of amino acids 505 to 584 encoding the SH2 domain of STAT6 are defective in Th2 cell differentiation and develop very severe EAE. These results suggest that an altered STAT6 gene can be more efficient than wild type STAT6 in regulating the autoimmune response in EAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongmei Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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4
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Vandenbark AA, Offner H. Critical evaluation of regulatory T cells in autoimmunity: are the most potent regulatory specificities being ignored? Immunology 2008; 125:1-13. [PMID: 18798915 PMCID: PMC2526254 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2008.02900.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2008] [Revised: 05/20/2008] [Accepted: 06/09/2008] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells as natural regulators of immunity in the periphery and tissues has stimulated tremendous interest in developing therapeutic strategies for autoimmune diseases. In this review, the site of origin, antigen specificity, homing markers and cytokine profiles of Treg cells were evaluated in autoimmune colitis and type 1 diabetes, two examples in which Treg cells were effective as therapy. These studies were compared with studies of Treg cells in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and multiple sclerosis, where successful therapy has not yet been achieved. Antigen-specific Treg cells appear to have more potent activity than polyclonal Treg cells and therefore hold more promise as therapeutic agents. However, Treg cells specific for the pathogenic T effector cells themselves have largely been overlooked and deserve consideration in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur A Vandenbark
- Neuroimmunology Laboratory, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, and Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
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5
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Chou YK, Culbertson N, Rich C, LaTocha D, Buenafe AC, Huan J, Link J, Wands JM, Born WK, Offner H, Bourdette DN, Burrows GG, Vandenbark AA. T-cell hybridoma specific for myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-35-55 peptide produced from HLA-DRB1*1501-transgenic mice. J Neurosci Res 2004; 77:670-80. [PMID: 15352213 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.20201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to establish an unlimited and standardized source of humanized myelin peptide-specific T cells for in vitro testing of biological function. Thus, we perpetuated myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)-35-55 peptide-specific T cells obtained from immunized HLA-DRB1*1501-transgenic (Tg) mice by somatic fusions with BW5147 thymoma cells or BW5147 T-cell receptor (TCR) alpha(-)beta(-) variant (BW5147 variant) cells. The resulting T-cell hybridomas responded strongly to both mouse MOG-35-55 (42S) and human MOG-35-55 peptide (42P), regardless of which peptide was used for initial immunization, and were DRB1*1501 restricted. The MOG-35-55-reactive T-cell hybridomas were CD3(+)CD4(+)CD8(-) and expressed intracellular Th1 cytokines upon concanavalin A stimulation. Clones from either human MOG-35-55- or mouse MOG-35-55-selected hybridomas uniquely expressed the TCR BV8 gene in combination with AV17 and AV11 genes. V gene analyses confirmed the expression of TCR AV1, AV11, AV16, BV1, and BV5 gene segments in the widely used fusion partner BW5147 and demonstrated deletion of TCR AV1, AV11, and BV1 in the BW5147 variant. T-cell hybridomas were positively stained with anti-TCR beta-chain antibody on the cell surface, whereas neither BW5147 nor its variant had positive TCR surface expression. For functional application, we found that a monomeric form of the human HLA-DR2-derived recombinant T-cell receptor ligand (RTL) covalently linked to human MOG-35-55 peptide specifically inhibited proliferation of a hybridoma clone selected with human MOG-35-55 but not a different hybridoma clone selected with myelin basic protein. The RTL-induced inhibition in vitro of the human MOG-35-55 peptide-specific hybridoma reflected the ability of the RTL to inhibit experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis induced by human MOG-35-55 peptide in HLA-DR2 transgenic mice. Thus, the MOG-35-55 peptide-specific T-cell hybridoma from DR2-Tg mice represents a novel humanized T-cell reagent useful for standardized biological screening of both DR2-restricted stimulation and RTL-dependent inhibition of response to human MOG-35-55 peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan K Chou
- Neuroimmunology Research and Tykeson Multiple Sclerosis Research Laboratory, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, and Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA.
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6
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McMahan RH, Watson L, Meza-Romero R, Burrows GG, Bourdette DN, Buenafe AC. Production, characterization, and immunogenicity of a soluble rat single chain T cell receptor specific for an encephalitogenic peptide. J Biol Chem 2003; 278:30961-70. [PMID: 12773544 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m300628200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The encephalitogenic rat T cell clone C14 recognizes the myelin basic protein 69-89 peptide in the context of the RT1B major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecule. Modeling of the C14 TCR molecule indicated that previously identified CDR3 motifs are likely to be central to interaction with MHC class II-presented peptide. Here we report the cloning and expression of C14-derived single chain TCR (scTCR) molecules in an Escherichia coli expression system. The recombinant molecule consists of the Valpha2 domain connected to the Vbeta8.2 domain via a 15-residue linker. Soluble C14 scTCR was purified using conventional chromatography techniques and refolded by a rapid dilution procedure. C14 scTCR was able to bind soluble rat MHC class II molecules bearing covalently coupled Gp-BP-(69-89) peptide, as analyzed using surface plasmon resonance. Immune recognition of the C14 scTCR protein as an antigen revealed that limited regions of the TCR may be more likely to induce responsiveness.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal
- Cloning, Molecular
- Escherichia coli
- Gene Expression
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/metabolism
- Lymphocyte Activation/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Myelin Basic Protein/immunology
- Protein Structure, Tertiary
- Rats
- Rats, Inbred Lew
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/chemistry
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/metabolism
- Recombinant Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Proteins/immunology
- Recombinant Proteins/metabolism
- Solubility
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel H McMahan
- Neuroimmunology Research, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, Oregon 97201, USA
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7
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Matejuk A, Buenafe AC, Dwyer J, Ito A, Silverman M, Zamora A, Subramanian S, Vandenbark AA, Offner H. Endogenous CD4+BV8S2- T cells from TG BV8S2+ donors confer complete protection against spontaneous experimental encephalomyelitis (Sp-EAE) in TCR transgenic, RAG-/- mice. J Neurosci Res 2003; 71:89-103. [PMID: 12478617 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.10450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
To investigate regulatory mechanisms which naturally prevent autoimmune diseases, we adopted the genetically restricted immunodeficient (RAG-1(-/-)) myelin basic protein (MBP)-specific T cell receptor (TCR) double transgenic (T/R-) mouse model of spontaneous experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (Sp-EAE). Sp-EAE can be prevented after transfer of CD4+splenocytes from naïve immunocompetent mice. RAG-1+ double transgenic (T/R+) mice do not develop Sp-EAE due to the presence of a very small population (about 2%) of non-Tg TCR specificities. In this study, CD4+BV8S2+ T cells that predominate in T/R+ mice, and three additional populations, CD4+BV8S2-, CD4-CD8-BV8S2+, and CD4-CD8+BV8S2+ T cells that expanded in T/R+ mice after immunization with MBP-Ac1-11 peptide, were studied for their ability to prevent Sp-EAE in T/R- mice. Only the CD4+BV8S2- T cell population conferred complete protection against Sp-EAE, similar to unfractionated splenocytes from non-Tg donors, whereas CD4-CD8-BV8S2+ and CD4+BV8S2+ T cells conferred partial protection. In contrast, CD4-CD8+BV8S2+ T cells had no significant protective effects. The highly protective CD4+BV8S2- subpopulation was CD25+, contained non-clonotypic T cells, and uniquely expressed the CCR4 chemokine receptor. Protected recipient T/R- mice had marked increases in CD4+CD25+ Treg-like cells, retention of the pathogenic T cell phenotype in the spleen, and markedly reduced inflammation in CNS tissue. Partially protective CD4+BV8S2+ and CD4- CD8-BV8S2+ subpopulations appeared to be mainly clonotypic T cells with altered functional properties. These three Sp-EAE protective T cell subpopulations possessed distinctive properties and induced a variety of effects in T/R- recipients, thus implicating differing mechanisms of protection.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/physiology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/transplantation
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/physiology
- Chemokines/biosynthesis
- DNA Nucleotidyltransferases/deficiency
- DNA Nucleotidyltransferases/genetics
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/genetics
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/immunology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/prevention & control
- Female
- Flow Cytometry/methods
- Homeodomain Proteins/genetics
- Homeodomain Proteins/immunology
- Immunization, Passive
- Lymph Nodes/cytology
- Lymph Nodes/immunology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred Strains
- Mice, Transgenic
- Myelin Basic Protein/immunology
- Peptide Fragments/deficiency
- Peptide Fragments/genetics
- Peptide Fragments/immunology
- Phenotype
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/deficiency
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/immunology
- Receptors, Chemokine/genetics
- Receptors, Chemokine/metabolism
- Recombinases
- Spinal Cord/pathology
- Spleen/cytology
- Spleen/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Matejuk
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
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8
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Offner H, Adlard K, Zamora A, Vandenbark AA. Estrogen potentiates treatment with T-cell receptor protein of female mice with experimental encephalomyelitis. J Clin Invest 2000; 105:1465-72. [PMID: 10811854 PMCID: PMC315468 DOI: 10.1172/jci9213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Transgenic mice expressing the BV8S2 chain, which is specific for the myelin basic protein determinant Ac1-11, possess a naturally induced set of regulatory T cells directed against BV8S2. Further activation of anti-BV8S2 T cells in male mice with recombinant BV8S2 protein can inhibit IFN-gamma release by Ac1-11-specific T cells through a cytokine-driven mechanism and prevent induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). In contrast, naive female mice possess fewer anti-BV8S2-reactive T cells, and treatment with BV8S2 delayed but did not prevent EAE. We here demonstrate that combining T-cell receptor (TCR) vaccination with supplemental estrus doses of estrogen potentiated IL-10 production by anti-BV8S2-reactive T cells and induced Ac1-11-specific T cells to produce IL-10 and TGF-beta. This combined treatment resulted in full protection against EAE, which was not observed with either therapy alone. These findings imply that supplemental estrogen can enhance the efficacy of TCR-based immunotherapy for autoimmune diseases that predominate in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Offner
- Neuroimmunology Research, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, Oregon 97201, USA.
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9
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Ratts RB, Arredondo LR, Bittner P, Perrin PJ, Lovett-Racke AE, Racke MK. The role of CTLA-4 in tolerance induction and ttigen administration cell differentiation in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis: i. v. antigen administration. Int Immunol 1999; 11:1889-96. [PMID: 10590254 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/11.12.1889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Interactions between B7 molecules on antigen-presenting cells and CTLA-4 on T cells have been shown to be important in establishing tolerance. In the present study, we examined the kinetics of tolerance induction following i.v. administration of myelin basic protein (MBP) Ac1-11 in mice transgenic for a TCR V(beta)8.2 gene derived from an encephalitogenic T cell clone specific for MBP Ac1-11. Examination of the lymph node cell (LNC) response 10 days after antigen administration demonstrated an accentuation of i.v. tolerance induction with anti-CTLA-4 blockade. Anergy was induced in splenocytes by i.v. antigen administration as shown by a decrease in MBP-specific proliferation and IL-2 production, and anti-CTLA-4 potentiated this effect. In addition, i.v. antigen plus anti-CTLA-4 and complete Freund's adjuvant was not encephalitogenic. Interestingly, i.v. tolerance (a single injection) did not inhibit experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and anti-CTLA-4 administration did not alter this phenotype. These results suggest that while the majority of MBP-specific T cells are tolerized by i.v. antigen and that this process is potentiated by anti-CTLA-4 administration, a population of T cells remains that is quite efficient in mediating EAE.
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MESH Headings
- Abatacept
- Animals
- Antigens, CD
- Antigens, Differentiation/immunology
- Antigens, Differentiation/physiology
- CTLA-4 Antigen
- Cell Differentiation
- Cytokines/biosynthesis
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/immunology
- Immune Tolerance
- Immunoconjugates
- Injections, Intravenous
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Myelin Basic Protein/administration & dosage
- Myelin Basic Protein/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/physiology
- T-Lymphocytes/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- R B Ratts
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
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10
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Ratts RB, Arredondo LR, Bittner P, Perrin PJ, Lovett-Racke AE, Racke MK. The role of CTLA-4 in tolerance induction and T cell differentiation in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis: i.p. antigen administration. Int Immunol 1999; 11:1881-8. [PMID: 10590253 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/11.12.1881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that co-stimulation provided by B7 molecules through CTLA-4 is important in establishing peripheral tolerance. In the present study, we examined the kinetics of tolerance induction and T cell differentiation following i.p. administration of myelin basic protein (MBP) Ac1-11 in mice transgenic for a TCR V(beta)8.2 gene derived from an encephalitogenic T cell clone specific for MBP Ac1-11. Examination of the lymph node cell response after antigen administration demonstrated a dependence on CTLA-4 for i.p. tolerance induction. Examination of splenocyte responses suggested that i.p. antigen administration induced a T(h)2 response, which was potentiated by anti-CTLA-4 administration. Interestingly, i.p. tolerance was able to inhibit the induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and anti-CTLA-4 administration did not alter this phenotype, suggesting that CTLA-4 blockade did not block tolerance induction. Thus, T cell differentiation and the dependence on CTLA-4 for tolerance induction following i.p. antigen administration differs between lymph node and spleen in a model of organ-specific autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- R B Ratts
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
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11
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Perrin PJ, June CH, Maldonado JH, Ratts RB, Racke MK. Blockade of CD28 During In Vitro Activation of Encephalitogenic T Cells or After Disease Onset Ameliorates Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1999. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.163.3.1704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Previous studies have shown complex roles for the B7 receptors in providing both positive and negative regulation of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). B7 blockade can ameliorate clinical EAE by indirectly interfering with CD28 signaling. However, B7 blockade can also result in disease exacerbation, presumably by interfering with regulatory B7:CTLA-4 interactions. Therefore, we have directly targeted T cell CD28 with specific mAbs both during initial Ag priming and after the onset of clinical signs of EAE. We found that CD28 blockade ameliorated EAE during the efferent and afferent limbs of the immune response. Disease amelioration at disease onset was associated with suppression of TNF-α production. Finally, Ab blockade of T cell CD28 during the first disease episode resulted in significant attenuation of the subsequent disease course, with no significant relapses. In contrast to previous studies targeting APC B7 with CTLA4-Ig, reagents targeting CD28 can block ongoing disease. Therefore, the present results suggest a clinically relevant therapeutic scenario for human diseases, such as multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J. Perrin
- *Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Carl H. June
- †Immune Cell Biology Program, Naval Medical Research Institute, Bethesda, MD 20889; and
| | - Jairo H. Maldonado
- †Immune Cell Biology Program, Naval Medical Research Institute, Bethesda, MD 20889; and
| | - Robert B. Ratts
- ‡Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Michael K. Racke
- ‡Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
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12
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Abstract
T-cell receptor (TCR) transgenic mice provide the ability to follow the maturation and fate of T cells specific for self-antigens in vivo. This technology represents a major breakthrough in the study of autoimmune diseases in which specific antigens have been implicated. Proteins expressed within the central nervous system are believed to be important autoantigens in multiple sclerosis. TCR transgenic models specific for myelin basic protein (MBP) allowed us to assess the role of tolerance in providing protection from T cells with this specificity. Our studies demonstrate that T cells specific for the immunodominant epitope of MBP do not undergo tolerance in vivo and that TCR transgenic mice are susceptible to spontaneous autoimmune disease. The susceptibility to spontaneous disease is dependent on exposure to microbial antigens. MBP TCR transgenic models expressing TCRs specific for the same epitope of MBP but utilizing different V alpha genes exhibit differing susceptibilities to spontaneous disease. These data support the idea that genetic and environmental differences play a role in susceptibility to autoimmunity. MBP TCR transgenic models are playing an important role in defining mechanisms by which infectious agents trigger autoimmune disease as well as defining mechanisms by which tolerance is induced to distinct epitopes within self-antigens.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Autoantigens
- Autoimmunity
- Disease Models, Animal
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/genetics
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/immunology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/therapy
- Humans
- Immune Tolerance
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Multiple Sclerosis/genetics
- Multiple Sclerosis/immunology
- Multiple Sclerosis/therapy
- Myelin Basic Protein/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- J Goverman
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, University of Washington, Seattle 98195, USA.
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13
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Offner H, Adlard K, Bebo BF, Schuster J, Burrows GG, Buenafe AC, Vandenbark AA. Vaccination with BV8S2 Protein Amplifies TCR-Specific Regulation and Protection Against Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis in TCR BV8S2 Transgenic Mice. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1998. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.161.5.2178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
TCR determinants overexpressed by autopathogenic Th1 cells can naturally induce a second set of TCR-specific regulatory T cells. We addressed the question of whether immune regulation could be induced naturally in a genetically restricted model in which a major portion of TCR-specific regulatory T cells expressed the same target TCR BV8S2 chain as the pathogenic T cells specific for myelin basic protein (MBP). We found vigorous T cell responses to BV8S2 determinants in naive mice that could be further potentiated by vaccination with heterologous BV8S2 proteins, resulting in the selective inhibition of MBP-specific Th1 cells and protection against experimental encephalomyelitis. Moreover, coculture with BV8S2-specific T cells or their supernatants reduced proliferation, IFN-γ secretion, and encephalitogenic activity of MBP-specific T cells. These results suggest that immune regulation occurs through a nondeletional cytokine-driven suppressive mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halina Offner
- *Neuroimmunology Research R&D-31, Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, and Departments of
- †Neurology,
| | - Kirsten Adlard
- *Neuroimmunology Research R&D-31, Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, and Departments of
| | - Bruce F. Bebo
- *Neuroimmunology Research R&D-31, Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, and Departments of
- †Neurology,
| | - Jeanette Schuster
- *Neuroimmunology Research R&D-31, Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, and Departments of
| | - Gregory G. Burrows
- *Neuroimmunology Research R&D-31, Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, and Departments of
- †Neurology,
- ‡Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and
| | | | - Arthur A. Vandenbark
- *Neuroimmunology Research R&D-31, Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, and Departments of
- †Neurology,
- §Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, OR 97201
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