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It is time to crowd your cell culture media - Physicochemical considerations with biological consequences. Biomaterials 2021; 275:120943. [PMID: 34139505 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In vivo, the interior and exterior of cells is populated by various macromolecules that create an extremely crowded milieu. Yet again, in vitro eukaryotic cell culture is conducted in dilute culture media that hardly imitate the native tissue density. Herein, the concept of macromolecular crowding is discussed in both intracellular and extracellular context. Particular emphasis is given on how the physicochemical properties of the crowding molecules govern and determine kinetics, equilibria and mechanism of action of biochemical and biological reactions, processes and functions. It is evidenced that we are still at the beginning of appreciating, let alone effectively implementing, the potential of macromolecular crowding in permanently differentiated and stem cell culture systems.
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Moussa L, Demarquay C, Réthoré G, Benadjaoud MA, Siñeriz F, Pattapa G, Guicheux J, Weiss P, Barritault D, Mathieu N. Heparan Sulfate Mimetics: A New Way to Optimize Therapeutic Effects of Hydrogel-Embedded Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Colonic Radiation-Induced Damage. Sci Rep 2019; 9:164. [PMID: 30655576 PMCID: PMC6336771 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36631-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical expression of gastrointestinal radiation toxicity on non-cancerous tissue could be very life threatening and clinicians must deal increasingly with the management of late side effects of radiotherapy. Cell therapy, in particular mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) therapy, has shown promising results in numerous preclinical animal studies and thus has emerged as a new hope for patient refractory to current treatments. However, many stem cell clinical trials do not confer any beneficial effect suggesting a real need to accelerate research towards the successful clinical application of stem cell therapy. In this study, we propose a new concept to improve the procedure of MSC-based treatment for greater efficacy and clinical translatability. We demonstrated that heparan sulfate mimetic (HS-m) injections that restore the extracellular matrix network and enhance the biological activity of growth factors, associated with local injection of MSC protected in a hydrogel, that increase cell engraftment and cell survival, improve the therapeutic benefit of MSC treatment in two animal models relevant of the human pathology. For the first time, a decrease of the injury score in the ulcerated area was observed with this combined treatment. We also demonstrated that the combined treatment favored the epithelial regenerative process. In this study, we identified a new way, clinically applicable, to optimize stem-cell therapy and could be proposed to patients suffering from severe colonic defect after radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Moussa
- IRSN, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, PSE-SANTE, SERAMED, LRMed, 31 avenue de la division Leclerc, 92262, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.,INSERM, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1229, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton (RMeS), Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, 1 Place Alexis Ricordeau, 44042, Nantes, France.,Université de Nantes, Regenerative Medicine and Squeleton (RMeS), Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, 1 Place Alexis Ricordeau, 44042, Nantes, France
| | - Christelle Demarquay
- IRSN, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, PSE-SANTE, SERAMED, LRMed, 31 avenue de la division Leclerc, 92262, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Gildas Réthoré
- INSERM, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1229, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton (RMeS), Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, 1 Place Alexis Ricordeau, 44042, Nantes, France.,Université de Nantes, Regenerative Medicine and Squeleton (RMeS), Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, 1 Place Alexis Ricordeau, 44042, Nantes, France.,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, Pôle Hospitalo-Universitaire 4 (OTONN), 1 Place Alexis Ricordeau, 44042, Nantes, France
| | - Mohamed Amine Benadjaoud
- IRSN, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, PSE-SANTE, SERAMED, LRMed, 31 avenue de la division Leclerc, 92262, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Fernando Siñeriz
- Société OTR3 (Organes, Tissus, Régénération, Réparation, Remplacement), 4 Rue Française, 75001, Paris, France
| | - Girish Pattapa
- INSERM, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1229, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton (RMeS), Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, 1 Place Alexis Ricordeau, 44042, Nantes, France.,Université de Nantes, Regenerative Medicine and Squeleton (RMeS), Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, 1 Place Alexis Ricordeau, 44042, Nantes, France
| | - Jérôme Guicheux
- INSERM, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1229, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton (RMeS), Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, 1 Place Alexis Ricordeau, 44042, Nantes, France.,Université de Nantes, Regenerative Medicine and Squeleton (RMeS), Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, 1 Place Alexis Ricordeau, 44042, Nantes, France.,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, Pôle Hospitalo-Universitaire 4 (OTONN), 1 Place Alexis Ricordeau, 44042, Nantes, France
| | - Pierre Weiss
- INSERM, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1229, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton (RMeS), Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, 1 Place Alexis Ricordeau, 44042, Nantes, France.,Université de Nantes, Regenerative Medicine and Squeleton (RMeS), Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, 1 Place Alexis Ricordeau, 44042, Nantes, France.,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, Pôle Hospitalo-Universitaire 4 (OTONN), 1 Place Alexis Ricordeau, 44042, Nantes, France
| | - Denis Barritault
- Société OTR3 (Organes, Tissus, Régénération, Réparation, Remplacement), 4 Rue Française, 75001, Paris, France.,Université Paris-Est Créteil, Laboratoire de recherche sur la Croissance Cellulaire, Réparation, et Régénération Tissulaire, Faculté des Sciences, Université Paris-Est Créteil, 61 Ave du Gal de Gaulle, 94000, Créteil, France
| | - Noëlle Mathieu
- IRSN, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, PSE-SANTE, SERAMED, LRMed, 31 avenue de la division Leclerc, 92262, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
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Guerra M, Marques S, Gil JQ, Campos J, Ramos P, Rosa AM, Quadrado MJ, Murta JN. Neurotrophic Keratopathy: Therapeutic Approach Using a Novel Matrix Regenerating Agent. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2017; 33:662-669. [DOI: 10.1089/jop.2017.0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Guerra
- Department of Ophthalmology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Ophthalmology, Centro Hospitalar Tondela-Viseu, Viseu, Portugal
| | - Sara Marques
- Department of Ophthalmology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Ophthalmology, Centro Hospitalar Tondela-Viseu, Viseu, Portugal
| | - João Quadrado Gil
- Department of Ophthalmology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Joana Campos
- Department of Ophthalmology, Centro Hospitalar de Leiria, Leiria, Portugal
| | - Paula Ramos
- Department of Ophthalmology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Andreia Martins Rosa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria João Quadrado
- Department of Ophthalmology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Joaquim Neto Murta
- Department of Ophthalmology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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RGTA-based matrix therapy in severe experimental corneal lesions: safety and efficacy studies. J Fr Ophtalmol 2013; 36:740-7. [PMID: 23958066 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2013.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2012] [Revised: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Corneal alteration potentially leading to ulceration remains a major health concern in ocular surface diseases. A treatment that would improve both the quality and speed of healing and control the inflammation would be of great interest. Regenerating agents (RGTAs) have been shown to stimulate wound healing and modulate undesired fibrosis in various in vivo systems. We investigated the effects of RGTA-OTR4120(®) in a rabbit corneal model in order to assess its potential use in ocular surface diseases. First, we assessed its safety for 7 and 28 days using the Draize test criteria in healthy rabbit eyes; then, we investigated the effect of a single dose (50μl, 5μg) in an alkali-burned cornea model. Daily follow-up of clinical signs of healing was scored, and histology was performed at D7. RGTA was well tolerated; no signs of ocular irritation were observed. In the corneal alkali-burn model, non-RGTA-treated eyes showed inflammatory clinical signs, and histology confirmed a loss of superficial corneal layers with epithelial disorganization, neovascularization and infiltration of inflammatory cells. When compared to NaCl control, RGTA treatment appeared effective in reducing clinical signs of inflammation, enhancing re-epithelialization, and improving histological patterns: edema, fibrosis, neovascularization and inflammation. Three to four layers of epithelial cells were already organized, stroma was virtually unvascularized and keratocytes well implanted in parallel collagen fibers with an overall reorganization similar to normal cornea. RGTA appears to be a promising agent for controlling ocular surface inflammation and promoting corneal healing and was well tolerated. This study offers preclinical information and supports the findings of other (compassionate or pilot) studies conducted in patients with various ocular surface diseases.
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[Management of herpes zoster neurotrophic ulcer using a new matrix therapy agent (RGTA): A case report]. J Fr Ophtalmol 2011; 35:187.e1-6. [PMID: 22015067 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2011.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2010] [Accepted: 06/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Neurotrophic keratopathy is a potential consequence of herpes simplex virus (HSV) or varicella zoster virus (VZV) infection. The treatment is based on artificial tears and the withdrawal of preserved eye drops or other types of epitheliotoxic topical medicines. Autologous serum or amniotic membrane transplantation may also be used in severe cases, but their cost and safety are still under debate. We report a case of a patient with a history of herpes zoster ophthalmicus, who developed a persistent epithelial ulcer after cataract surgery, with no improvement despite 3 weeks of artificial tears (eight drops per day). A new ophthalmologic solution based on a regenerating agent (RGTA, Cacicol20(®)) was then used, with a dosage of two eye drops per week for 6 weeks. Improvement was observed 1 week later, and complete healing was obtained in less than 3 weeks, with no side effects. This heparin mimetic, which may stimulate extracellular matrix healing, may be a possible alternative therapy to autologous serum or amniotic membrane transplantation in severe neurotrophic ulcer. However, randomized studies are necessary to validate this observation.
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Zuijdendorp HM, Smit X, Blok JH, Caruelle JP, Barritault D, Hovius SER, van Neck JW. Significant reduction in neural adhesions after administration of the regenerating agent OTR4120, a synthetic glycosaminoglycan mimetic, after peripheral nerve injury in rats. J Neurosurg 2008; 109:967-73. [PMID: 18976093 DOI: 10.3171/jns/2008/109/11/0967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECT Extradural and intraneural scar formation after peripheral nerve injury frequently causes tethering and compression of the nerve as well as inhibition of axonal regeneration. Regenerating agents (RGTAs) mimic stabilizing and protective properties of sulphated glycosaminoglycan toward heparin-binding growth factors. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of an RGTA known as OTR4120 on extraneural fibrosis and axonal regeneration after crush injury in a rat sciatic nerve model. METHODS Thirty-two female Wistar rats underwent a standardized crush injury of the sciatic nerve. The animals were randomly allocated to RGTA treatment or sham treatment in a blinded design. To score neural adhesions, the force required to break the adhesions between the nerve and its surrounding tissue was measured 6 weeks after nerve crush injury. To assess axonal regeneration, magnetoneurographic measurements were performed after 5 weeks. Static footprint analysis was performed preoperatively and at Days 1, 7, 14, 17, 21, 24, 28, 35, and 42 postoperatively. RESULTS The magnetoneurographic data show no significant difference in conduction capacity between the RGTA and the control group. In addition, results of the static footprint analysis demonstrate no improved or accelerated recovery pattern. However, the mean pullout force of the RGTA group (67 +/- 9 g [mean +/- standard error of the mean]) was significantly (p < 0.001) lower than that of the control group (207 +/- 14 g [mean +/- standard error of the mean]). CONCLUSIONS The RGTAs strongly reduce nerve adherence to surrounding tissue after nerve crush injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Mischa Zuijdendorp
- Departments of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Tong M, Zbinden MM, Hekking IJM, Vermeij M, Barritault D, van Neck JW. RGTA OTR 4120, a heparan sulfate proteoglycan mimetic, increases wound breaking strength and vasodilatory capability in healing rat full-thickness excisional wounds. Wound Repair Regen 2008; 16:294-9. [PMID: 18318813 DOI: 10.1111/j.1524-475x.2008.00368.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
ReGeneraTing Agents (RGTAs), a family of polymers engineered to protect and stabilize heparin-binding growth factors, have been shown to promote tissue repair and regeneration. In this study, the effects of one of these polymers, RGTA OTR4120, on healing of full-thickness excisional wounds in rats were investigated. Two 1.5 cm diameter circular full-thickness excisional wounds were created on the dorsum of a rat. After creation of the wounds, RGTA OTR4120 was applied. The progress of healing was assessed quantitatively by evaluating the wound closure rate, vasodilatory capability, and wound breaking strength. The results showed a triple increase of the local vascular response to heat provocation in the RGTA OTR4120-treated wounds as compared with vehicle-treated wounds. On days 14 and 79 after surgery, the wounds treated with RGTA OTR4120 gained skin strength 12% and 48% of the unwounded skin, respectively, and displayed a significantly increased gain in skin strength when compared with control animals. These results raise the possibility of efficacy of RGTA OTR4120 in accelerating surgically cutaneous wound healing by enhancing the wound breaking strength and improving the microcirculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Tong
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Étude pilote d’un nouvel agent de thérapie matricielle (RGTA OTR4120®) dans les ulcères de cornée et les dystrophies cornéennes rebelles. J Fr Ophtalmol 2008; 31:465-71. [DOI: 10.1016/s0181-5512(08)72462-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Garcia-Filipe S, Barbier-Chassefiere V, Alexakis C, Huet E, Ledoux D, Kerros ME, Petit E, Barritault D, Caruelle JP, Kern P. RGTA OTR4120, a heparan sulfate mimetic, is a possible long-term active agent to heal burned skin. J Biomed Mater Res A 2007; 80:75-84. [PMID: 16958049 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.30874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Burn-related skin fibrosis leads to loss of tissue function and hypertrophic scar formation with damaging consequences for the patient. There is therefore a great need for an efficient agent to treat burned skin. We report that ReGeneraTing Agent (RGTA) reduces burn-induced skin alteration. The tissue-regenerating effect of RGTA OTR4120 was evaluated after 1-6 days and after 10 months in a rat skin burn model. This effect was also examined in vitro using fibroblasts isolated from control and 6-day-old burned skins. We measured production of dermal collagen I, III, and V and activities of metalloproteinases 2 and 9 (MMP-2 and MMP-9). Ratio of collagen III over collagen I production increased 6 days after the burn, because of a decrease in collagen I production. After 10 months, ratio of collagen III over collagen I in burn sites was still increased compared with control skin, because of an increase in collagen III production. Both abnormalities were corrected by OTR4120. OTR4120 increased pro- and active MMP-2 and MMP-9, compared with healthy and burned controls and therefore accelerated remodeling. Similar data were obtained with cultured fibroblasts from healthy and burned skins. OTR4120 enhanced healing in short- and long-term after burns, reducing the formation of fibrotic tissue, and then represents a potential agent to improve burned skin healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Garcia-Filipe
- Laboratoire CRRET/CNRS UMR 7149, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Paris 12 Val de Marne, Avenue du Général de Gaulle 94010, Créteil Cedex, France
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Barritault D, Caruelle JP. Les agents de régénération (ou RGTAs) : une nouvelle approche thérapeutique. ANNALES PHARMACEUTIQUES FRANÇAISES 2006; 64:135-44. [PMID: 16568015 DOI: 10.1016/s0003-4509(06)75306-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
RGTAs, or ReGeneraTing Agents constitute a new class of medicinal substance that enhance both speed and quality of tissue healing and leading in some case to a real tissue regenerating process. RGTAs consist of chemically engineered polymers adapted to interact with and protect against proteolytic degradation of cellular signaling proteins known as growth factors, cytokines, interleukins, colony stimulating factors, chemokines, neurotrophic factors etc. Indeed almost all these proteins of cellular communication are naturally stored in the extra cellular matrix interacting specifically with the heparan sulfates or HS. After tissue injury of any cause, cells die liberating glycanases and proteases inducing first HS degradation then liberation of the cytokines which in turn are susceptible to degradation as they are no longer protected. By replacing the natural HS, RGTAs will protect cytokines from proteolyses as they are liberated from the matrix compartment matter in the wound. This spatio-temporal selective protection of cytokines results in a preservation of the natural endogenous signaling of a tissue and is reflected by spectacular tissue regeneration or by a very greatly improved tissue repair. These observations indicate that mammals have an unexpected ability to regenerate and that RGTA helps to reveal this capacity. The aim of OTR3 is to develop RGTA into a drug to treat specific tissue lesions.
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Lallam-Laroye C, Escartin Q, Zlowodzki AS, Barritault D, Caruelle JP, Baroukh B, Saffar JL, Colombier ML. Periodontitis destructions are restored by synthetic glycosaminoglycan mimetic. J Biomed Mater Res A 2006; 79:675-83. [PMID: 16832824 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.30880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis are bacterium-driven inflammatory diseases that destroy tooth-supporting tissues whose complete restoration is not currently possible. RGTA, a new class of agents, have this capacity in an animal model. Periodontitis was induced in hamsters and, starting 8 weeks later, injected RG1503, a glycosaminoglycan synthesized from a 40 kDa dextran behaving like a heparan sulfate mimetic (1.5 mg kg(-1) w(-1)) or saline for 8 weeks. The three periodontium compartments were evaluated by immunohistochemistry and morphometry. The gingival extracellular matrix disorganized by inflammation was restoring under treatment. The collagen network was repaired and resumed its previous organization. Fibrillin-1 expression was restored so that the elastic network rebuilt at a distance from the pocket and began to reconstruct near the pocket. Apoptotic cell numbers were decreased in the pocket epithelium, and more so in the infiltrated connective tissue. The continuity and the thickness of the basement membrane were restored and testified normalization of epithelium connective tissue interaction. The amount of alveolar bone increased around the first molar, and the interradicular bone was rebuilt. The root cementum was thickened and the number of proliferating cells in the periodontal ligament was increased close to the cementum. RG1503 treatment induces potent anabolic reactions in the extracellular matrices of the different tissues of the periodontium and recruitment of progenitors. In particular, the cell proliferation close to the root surface suggests the reformation of a functional attachment apparatus. These results demonstrate that RG1503 reverses the degenerative changes induced by inflammation and favors the conditions of a regenerative process. Thus, RGTA, a known matrix component mimetic and protector, may be considered as a new therapeutic tool to regenerate the tissues destroyed by periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Lallam-Laroye
- Laboratoire Réparations et Remodelages Oro-Faciaux, EA 2496, Faculté de Chirurgie, Université Paris-Descartes, Dentaire, 1 rue Maurice Arnoux, 92120 Montrouge, France
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Heilmann K, Groth T, Behrsing O, Albrecht W, Schossig M, Lendlein A, Micheel B. The influence of the chemical composition of cell culture material on the growth and antibody production of hybridoma cells. J Biotechnol 2005; 115:291-301. [PMID: 15639091 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2004.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2004] [Revised: 09/20/2004] [Accepted: 09/27/2004] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The multiplication and antibody production of murine hybridoma cells cultured on five different polymer membranes were tested and compared with conventional tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS). Membranes were prepared from polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and acrylonitrile copolymerized with N-vinylpyrrolidone (NVP20, NVP30), Na-methallylsulfonate (NaMAS) and N-(3-amino-propyl-methacrylamide-hydrochloride) (APMA). Cell number and antibody concentration were quantified as criteria for viability and productivity. Adhesion of hybridoma cells was characterized by vital and scanning electron microscopy. The results suggest that a strong adhesion of cells, observed on APMA and TCPS, increased cell growth but reduced monoclonal antibody production. In contrast membranes with lowered adhesivity such as NVP20 provided favourable conditions for monoclonal antibody production. In addition it was shown that this membrane also possessed a minor fouling as indicated by the low decrease of water flux across the membrane after protein adsorption. It was concluded that NVP20 could be a suitable material for the development of hollow fibre membranes for bioreactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Heilmann
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Potsdam, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, Building 25, D-14476 Golm, Germany
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Petit E, Papy-Garcia D, Muller G, Courtois B, Caruelle JP, Courtois J. Controlled sulfatation of natural anionic bacterial polysaccharides can yield agents with specific regenerating activity in vivo. Biomacromolecules 2004; 5:445-52. [PMID: 15003004 DOI: 10.1021/bm034257b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The regenerating activities of chemically modified anionic bacterial polysaccharides by O-sulfonation were investigated using a in vivo model of rat injured muscle regeneration. Glucuronan (GA), a linear homopolysaccharide of -->4)-beta-D-GlcpA-(1--> residues partially acetylated at the C-3 and/or the C-2 position, and glucoglucuronan (GGA), a linear heteropolysaccharide of -->3)-beta-D-GlcpA-(1-->4)-beta-D-Glcp-(1--> residues were sulfated. SO3-DMF sulfatation complex provided polysaccharides with different sulfur contents, however, a depolymerization occurred because we did not use large excess of pyridine to obtain pure modified polysaccharides. A regenerating activity on injured extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles on rats was obtained with these two sulfated anionic polymers. The position of sulfate groups on glucoglucuronan (primary or secondary alcohol) seems to have no influence on the biological activity by opposition to the degree of sulfatation both for the glucuronans and the glucoglucuronans. The yield of acetate groups in the glucuronan polymer modulated the specific activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Petit
- Laboratoire des Glucides, Laboratoire des Polysaccharides Microbiens et Végétaux, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Avenue des Facultés, Le Bailly, 80025 Amiens Cedex, France.
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Alexakis C, Strup C, Mestries P, Mathé D, Caruelle JP, Barritault D, Kern P. Regulation of the collagen phenotype expression of gamma-irradiated vascular smooth muscle cells by heparan mimetics (RGTA). J Biomed Mater Res A 2004; 70:594-602. [PMID: 15307164 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.30119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Restenosis is characterized by vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation and accumulation of collagen III in a hypertrophic and disorganized extracellular matrix. Restenosis is prevented by antimitotic agents or irradiation but no significant progress has been made to control collagen expression deregulation. Previously, we have shown that a new family of biopolymers named RGTA (heparan mimetics elaborated by grafting on dextran of carboxylate, sulfate, and benzylamide units) stimulate in vivo tissue repair and reduce fibrosis in various models. Using VSMC in vitro (pig aortic VSMC irradiated with a 60Co source and labeled with [3H]Proline), we now show that gamma-irradiation reduced cell survival by 50% and collagen synthesis 6-fold with a major increase in the ratio of collagen III to collagen I biosynthesis taken as a fibrotic index. RGTA added to the cells enhanced their survival up to 80% and reduced collagen III/I ratio back to values found in normal vascular tissues. These results suggest that RGTA combined with gamma-radiation could be an efficient strategy against restenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Alexakis
- CRRET/CNRS FRE 2412, Faculté des Sciences de Créteil, Université Paris-12, Avenue du Général de Gaulle, F-94010 Créteil Cedex, France
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15
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Alexakis C, Mestries P, Garcia S, Petit E, Barbier V, Papy-Garcia D, Sagot MA, Barritault D, Caruelle JP, Kern P. Structurally different RGTAs modulate collagen-type expression by cultured aortic smooth muscle cells via different pathways involving fibroblast growth factor-2 or transforming growth factor-beta1. FASEB J 2004; 18:1147-9. [PMID: 15132978 DOI: 10.1096/fj.03-1126fje] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We have engineered polymers called ReGeneraTing Agents (RGTAs), which mimic the protecting and potentiating properties of heparan sulfates toward heparin-binding growth factors (HBGF). RGTAs have been shown to optimize cell growth and regulate collagen production in vitro. Here, we studied relationships between RGTA structure and collagen-type expression in aortic smooth muscle cells by using two RGTAs, the carboxylmethylsulfate dextran RG-1503 and the carboxylmethylsulfate dextran with added benzylamide RG-1192. RG-1192 specifically induced a fivefold decrease in collagen III synthesis. This effect was abolished by FGF-2 neutralizing antibody. RG-1192 and FGF-2 acted synergistically to decrease collagen III. RG-1192 was more effective than heparin in this process. RG-1192 increased the pericellular localization of FGF-2 and protected FGF-2 from proteolysis. Surface plasmon resonance analysis indicated a Kd of 15.7 nM for the RG-1192/FGF-2 interaction (10.6 nM for the heparin/FGF-2 interaction). The structurally different RG-1503 (without benzylamide) did not interact with FGF-2 and worked synergistically with TGF-beta1 to specifically induce a twofold increase in collagen V. RGTAs with different structures exert different modulating effects on the collagen phenotype. Selection of appropriate RGTAs, which had been shown to enhance in vivo tissue repair, may provide a mean of correcting collagen abnormalities in vascular disorders and more generally in fibrotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Alexakis
- CRRET/CNRS FRE 2412, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Paris 12, Créteil Cedex, France
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16
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Escartin Q, Lallam-Laroye C, Baroukh B, Morvan FO, Caruelle JP, Godeau G, Barritault D, Saffar JL. A new approach to treat tissue destruction in periodontitis with chemically modified dextran polymers. FASEB J 2003; 17:644-51. [PMID: 12665477 DOI: 10.1096/fj.02-0708com] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis are diseases of the supportive tissues of the teeth provoked by bacteria and characterized by gingival inflammation and bone destruction. We have developed a new strategy to repair tissues by administrating agents (RGTA) that mimic heparan sulfates by protecting selectively some of the growth factors naturally present within the injured tissue and interfering with inflammation. After periodontitis induction in hamsters, the animals were left untreated or received weekly i.m. injections of RGTA1507 at a dose of 100 microg/kg, 400 microg/kg, 1.5 mg/kg, or 15 mg/kg for 4 wk. RGTA treatment significantly reduced gingival tissue inflammation, thickened the pocket epithelium by increasing cell proliferation, and enhanced collagen accumulation in the gingiva. A marked reduction in bone loss was observed, resulting from depression of osteoclasia and robust stimulation of bone formation at the dose of 1.5 mg/kg. RGTA treatment for 8 wk at this dose reversed macroscopic bone loss, sharply contrasting with the extensive bone destruction in the untreated animals. RGTA treatment decreased gelatinase A (MMP-2) and B (MMP-9) pro-forms in gingival tissues. Our data indicate that a 4 wk treatment dose-dependently attenuated gingival and bone manifestations of the disease, whereas a longer treatment restored alveolar bone close to controls. By modulating and coordinating host responses, RGTA has unique therapeutic properties and is a promising candidate for the treatment of human periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Escartin
- Laboratoire de Biologie et PhysioPathologie Crânio-Faciales, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université René Descartes (Paris-5), 92120 Montrouge, France
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17
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Papy-Garcia D, Barbosa I, Duchesnay A, Saadi S, Caruelle JP, Barritault D, Martelly I. Glycosaminoglycan mimetics (RGTA) modulate adult skeletal muscle satellite cell proliferation in vitro. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH 2002; 62:46-55. [PMID: 12124786 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.10192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Muscle regeneration occurs through the activation of satellite cells, which are stimulated to proliferate and to fuse into myofibers that will reconstitute the damaged muscle. We have previously reported that a family of new compounds called "regenerating agents" (RGTAs), which are polymers engineered to mimic heparan sulfates, stimulate in vivo tissue repair. One of these agents, RG1192, a dextran derivative substituted by CarboxyMethyl, Benzylamide, and Sulfate (noted CMBS, RGTA type), was shown to improve greatly the regeneration of rat skeletal muscle after severe crushing, denervation, and acute ischemia. In vitro, these compounds mimic the protecting and stabilizing properties of heparin or heparan sulfates toward heparin-binding growth factors (HBGFs). We hypothesized that RGTA could act by increasing the bioavailability of some HBGF involved in myoblast growth and thus asked whether RGTA would alter the ability of satellite cells to proliferate. Its effect was tested on primary cultures of rat satellite cells. The RG1192 stimulated the proliferation of satellite cells in vitro in a dose-dependent manner. It appeared to be as efficient as natural glycosaminoglycans (GAGs; heparan sulfate, dermatan sulfate, or keratan sulfate) in stimulating satellite cell proliferation but was about 100 times more efficient than heparin. RG1192 stimulated satellite cell proliferation by increasing the potency of fibroblast growth factor 2 and scatter factor-hepatocyte growth factor. It also partially restored myoblast proliferation of satellite cells with chlorate-induced hyposulfation. Taken together, our results explain to some extent the improving effect of RGTA with a CMBS structure, such as the RG1192, on muscle regeneration in vivo by providing support for the hypothesis that RGTA may act by increasing the potency of some HBGFs during the proliferation phase of the regenerating muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dulce Papy-Garcia
- Laboratoire de Recherche sur la Croissance Cellulaire, la Réparation et la Régénération Tissulaires-UPRES A 7053, Faculté de Sciences et Technologie, Université Paris XII, Avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94 010 Créteil Cedex, France
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18
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Groth T, Seifert B, Malsch G, Albrecht W, Paul D, Kostadinova A, Krasteva N, Altankov G. Interaction of human skin fibroblasts with moderate wettable polyacrylonitrile--copolymer membranes. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH 2002; 61:290-300. [PMID: 12007210 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.10191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The development of a bioartificial skin is a step toward the treatment of patients with deep burns or nonhealing skin ulcers. One possible approach is based on growing dermal cells on membranes to obtain appropriate living cellular stroma (sheets) to cover the wound. New membrane-forming copolymers were synthesized, based on acrylonitrile (AN) copolymerization with hydrophilic N-vinylpyrrolidone (NVP) monomer, in different percentage ratios, such as 5, 20, and 30% w/w, and with two other relatively high polar comonomers--namely, sodium 2-methyl-2-propene-1-sulfonic acid (NaMAS) and aminoethylmethacrylate (AeMA). All these copolymers were characterized for their bulk composition and number average molecular weight, and used to prepare ultrafiltration membranes. Water contact angles and water uptake were estimated to characterize the wettability and scanning force microscopy to visualize the morphology of the resulting polymer surface. Cytotoxicity was estimated according to the international standard regulations, and the materials were found to be nontoxic. The interaction of the membranes with human skin fibroblasts was investigated considering that these cells are among the first to colonize membranes upon implantation or with prolonged external contact. The overall cell morphology, formation of focal adhesion contacts, and cell proliferation were estimated to characterize the cell material interactions. It was found that the pure polyacrylonitrile homopolymer (PAN) membrane provides excellent conditions for seeding with fibroblasts, comparable only to a copolymer containing AeMA. In contrast, the presence of NaMAS with acidic ionic groups decreased both the attachment and proliferation of fibroblasts. Low content of NVP in the copolymer, up to about 5%, still enabled good attachment and spreading of cells, as well as subsequent proliferation of fibroblasts, but higher ratios of 20 and 30% resulted in a significant decrease of these cellular activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Groth
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Chemistry, GKSS Research Centre, Kantstrasse 55, D-14513 Teltow, Germany.
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19
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Alexakis C, Guettoufi A, Mestries P, Strup C, Mathé D, Barbaud C, Barritault D, Caruelle JP, Kern P. Heparan mimetic regulates collagen expression and TGF-beta1 distribution in gamma-irradiated human intestinal smooth muscle cells. FASEB J 2001; 15:1546-54. [PMID: 11427486 DOI: 10.1096/fj.00-0756com] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Radiation-induced intestinal fibrosis is characterized by collagen accumulation, a process in which TGF-beta1 plays a key role. We analyzed the effects of gamma radiation on collagen expression and TGF-beta1 distribution in human intestinal smooth muscle cells (HISM). We investigated the activity of a carboxymethylated and sulfated dextran (RG-1503), exhibiting antifibrotic properties and promoting in vivo intestinal tissue repair, on irradiated HISM. After (60)Co irradiation (10 Gy), HISM were labeled with [(3)H] proline (+/-RG-1503). Radiolabeled collagen I, III, and V were quantified by SDS-PAGE. TGF-beta1 was quantified by ELISA in culture medium, pericellular and intracellular compartments. Irradiation induced a specific 2.85-fold increase in collagen III production by HISM. Collagen V decreased by 80% 72 h after irradiation. Pericellular TGF-beta1 was increased (up to twofold) in irradiated HISM. RG-1503 added before or after irradiation reversed both mRNA and protein levels of collagen III and V to control values. RG-1503 decreased the amount of TGF-beta1 in the cell layer below the control values. Irradiation of HISM induced the development of a fibrotic phenotype in terms of collagen production and TGF-beta1 distribution. The antifibrotic RG-1503 restored HISM physiological characteristics and may represent a promising therapeutic approach for radiation-induced intestinal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Alexakis
- CRRET/CNRS UPRESA 7053, Faculté des Sciences de Créteil, Université PARIS-12, France
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20
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Mestries P, Alexakis C, Papy-Garcia D, Duchesnay A, Barritault D, Caruelle JP, Kern P. Specific RGTA increases collagen V expression by cultured aortic smooth muscle cells via activation and protection of transforming growth factor-beta1. Matrix Biol 2001; 20:171-81. [PMID: 11420149 DOI: 10.1016/s0945-053x(01)00131-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Regenerating agents (RGTA) are defined as heparan sulfate mimics, which in vivo stimulate tissue repair. RGTA are obtained by controlled grafting of carboxymethyl and sulfate groups on dextran polymers. RGTA are selected in vitro, on their ability to protect heparin binding growth factors such as TGF-beta1 for example, as well as to alter extracellular matrix biosynthesis. We had reported that RGTA were able to modulate smooth muscle cell (SMC) collagen biosynthesis. Here, we demonstrated that a specific RGTA (RG-1503), altered differentially collagen type expression by post-confluent SMC and that this action involves TGF-beta1. RG-1503 decreased, by 50%, collagen I and III biosynthesis and stimulated specifically, by twofold, collagen V biosynthesis. TGF-beta1 stimulated collagen I and V by 1.5- and threefold, respectively. A synergic action for RGTA in association with TGF-beta1 was observed specifically for collagen V expression (eightfold increase). The stimulation of collagen V biosynthesis by RGTA was abolished by TGF-beta1 neutralizing antibodies. These modulations occurred at protein and mRNA levels. RG-1503 did not alter TGF-beta1 mRNA steady state level or total TGF-beta1 protein content (latent+active forms). However, RG-1503 significantly induced an elevated proportion of active TGF-beta1 form, which could result from the selective protection from proteolytic degradation of TGF-beta1 by RG-1503. These data open a rationale for understanding the stimulation of tissue repair induced by RGTA, and also, a new insight for developing drugs adapted to inhibit excess collagen deposition in smooth muscle cells associated vascular disorder, and in fibrotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Mestries
- Laboratory CRRET UPRES-A CNRS 7053 Université de Paris 12 Val de Marne, Avenue du Général de Gaulle 94010, Créteil cedex, France
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Desgranges P, Caruelle JP, Carpentier G, Barritault D, Tardieu M. Beneficial use of fibroblast growth factor 2 and RGTA, a new family of heparan mimics, for endothelialization of PET prostheses. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH 2001; 58:1-9. [PMID: 11152991 DOI: 10.1002/1097-4636(2001)58:1<1::aid-jbm10>3.0.co;2-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We have studied the endothelialization of polyethylene terephtalate (PET) prostheses coated with collagen by adult human saphenous endothelial cells (EC) under various in vitro conditions. Collagenous PET was impregnated either by Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 (FGF2), heparin, a synthetic heparan sulfate mimic named RGTA 11 (for ReGeneraTing Agent), or combinations of these products. RGTA 11 belongs to a new family of drugs, which have been previously described as stabilizer and protector of heparin binding growth factors (HBGF), and to act in vivo as to stimulate wounded tissue repair. As endothelialization of prosthesis can be obtained in vivo after EC seeding and/or by transanastomotic, as well as by transprosthetic EC migrations, we have designed in vitro models to study the growth of EC seeded on PET, the EC colonization of an acellular area on PET, and the migration of EC from a collagen gel through the prosthesis. The combinations of either RGTA11 or heparin with FGF2 enhanced after a week by 5-fold the growth of seeded EC compared to RGTA or heparin alone and by 3-fold compared to FGF2 alone (p < 0.05). More than 80% of the colonization of an acellular area was achieved within 6 days when FGF2 was combined with RGTA11 or heparin. In contrast, colonization was only of 20% promoted in presence of FGF2 alone and not promoted in the presence of RGTA or heparin alone (p < 0.05). In addition, transprosthetic migration of EC and endothelialization of the luminal side were observed only when gel contained RGTA11 or heparin in combination with FGF2. The present work did strongly indicate that RGTA11 could be used in vivo as to improve endothelialization and should be the focus of continued investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Desgranges
- Laboratoire de Recherche sur la Croissance Cellulaire, la Régénération et la Réparation Tissulaires, Université Paris XII-Val de Marne, CRETEIL 94010, France -ESA-CNRS 7053.
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22
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Dupoirieux L, Pourquier D, Picot MC, Neves M. The effect of pentosan polysulphate on bone healing of rat cranial defects. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 1999; 27:314-20. [PMID: 10717835 DOI: 10.1054/jcms.1999.0901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to determine the efficacy of pentosan polysulphate, used in combination with guided bone regeneration on rat skull defects. The study was conducted on 45 adult Wistar rats. On each animal two symmetrical 6 mm wide, full-thickness, skull defects were created in the parietal regions. The right defect was chosen as the experimental site and the left one was left empty to provide a control. Each experimental site was covered by an inner and outer polytetrafluoroethylene membrane. The 45 rats were divided into 3 groups: in group I (n = 15), carboxymethyl cellulose, used as a delivery vehicle, was injected between the two membranes; in group II (n = 15), 1 mg of pentosan polysulfate was added to the carboxymethyl cellulose vehicle; in group III (n = 15), purified micronized eggshell powder was added to the mixture of pentosan polysulfate and carboxymethyl cellulose between the two membranes. In each group, the animals were sacrificed at 42 days. The harvested specimens were processed for contact radiography and standard histological examination. The results were assessed by a Fisher's exact test. All animals, except one, healed uneventfully. In group I, partial bone healing was observed in 14 out of 15 animals. In group II, partial bone healing was observed in 13 out of 15 animals, and complete bone healing in 1 out of 15 cases. In group III, partial resorption of the eggshell implant was observed with a partial bone healing in only 2 cases (P < 0.001). In conclusion, significant bone regeneration was observed with the membranes alone. The use of pentosane polysulphate did not result in additional bone gain. The use of particulate material as a space maintainer is also questionable.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Dupoirieux
- Institute of Surgical Research, Montpellier, France.
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