1
|
Meijuan W, Mao X, Wang S. Clinical significance of miR-139-5p and FGF2 in ovarian cancer. J BUON 2021; 26:663-669. [PMID: 34268918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To estimate the expression and clinical significance of miR-139-5p and fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) in ovarian cancer (OC). METHODS Of the 198 female patients undergoing surgical treatment in our hospital, 101 patients with ovarian tumor resection were allocated in a study group and 97 with ovarian resection for benign lesions were allocated in a control group. MiR-139-5p and FGF2 expression was quantified, and associations between miR-139-5p and FGF2 and clinicopathological features of OC were analyzed, as well as their diagnostic performances (receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve). RESULTS The study group presented lower miR-139-5p level and higher FGF2 level (both p<0.05). Significant associations of miR-139-5p and FGF2 with tumor differentiation and clinical stage were noted in OC (p<0.05). MiR-139-5p was reversely associated with clinical stage and positively associated with tumor differentiation (p<0.05), FGF2 was positively correlated with clinical stage and negatively correlated with tumor differentiation (p<0.05). The overall survival in the study group was 70.41%. The survival in high miR-139-5p expression group and low FGF2 expression group improved remarkably (p<0.05). The area under the curve (AUC) of combined detection (0.91) was higher than that of single detection. CONCLUSION MiR-139-5p shows a decreased expression and FGF-2 shows an increased expression in OC, and they are associated with clinical stage and tumor differentiation. Combined detection of miR-139-5p and FGF-2 contributes to the diagnosis and treatment of OC, and is an available biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wang Meijuan
- Department of Obstetrics, Gaomi People's Hospital, Gaomi, China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Santolla MF, Talia M, Maggiolini M. S100A4 Is Involved in Stimulatory Effects Elicited by the FGF2/FGFR1 Signaling Pathway in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094720. [PMID: 33946884 PMCID: PMC8124532 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive breast tumor subtype characterized by poor clinical outcome. In recent years, numerous advancements have been made to better understand the biological landscape of TNBC, though appropriate targets still remain to be determined. In the present study, we have determined that the expression levels of FGF2 and S100A4 are higher in TNBC with respect to non-TNBC patients when analyzing “The Invasive Breast Cancer Cohort of The Cancer Genome Atlas” (TCGA) dataset. In addition, we have found that the gene expression of FGF2 is positively correlated with S100A4 in TNBC samples. Performing quantitative PCR, Western blot, CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing, promoter studies, immunofluorescence analysis, subcellular fractionation studies, and ChIP assays, we have also demonstrated that FGF2 induces in TNBC cells the upregulation and secretion of S100A4 via FGFR1, along with the ERK1/2–AKT–c-Rel transduction signaling. Using conditioned medium from TNBC cells stimulated with FGF2, we have also ascertained that the paracrine activation of the S100A4/RAGE pathway triggers angiogenic effects in vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) and promotes the migration of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). Collectively, our data provide novel insights into the action of the FGF2/FGFR1 axis through S100A4 toward stimulatory effects elicited in TNBC cells.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Antigens, Neoplasm/physiology
- Cell Movement/drug effects
- Culture Media, Conditioned/pharmacology
- Female
- Fibroblast Growth Factor 2/pharmacology
- Fibroblast Growth Factor 2/physiology
- Fibroblasts/pathology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/physiology
- Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells
- Humans
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/physiology
- Neoplasm Proteins/physiology
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/physiopathology
- Paracrine Communication
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-rel/physiology
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1/genetics
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1/physiology
- S100 Calcium-Binding Protein A4/physiology
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Signal Transduction/physiology
- Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/blood supply
- Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/physiopathology
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
Collapse
|
3
|
Tabecka-Lonczynska A, Mytych J, Solek P, Kulpa-Greszta M, Sowa-Kucma M, Koziorowski M. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-A) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) as potential regulators of seasonal reproductive processes in male European bison (Bison bonasus, Linnaeus 1758). Gen Comp Endocrinol 2018; 263:72-79. [PMID: 29626449 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Growth factors: vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) were reported to affect normal physiological reproductive processes in human, domestic and free living animals. Moreover, some reports suggest that VEGF-A and FGF-2 may be directly involved in the control of the annual reproductive cycle of seasonally breeding animals but detailed knowledge is still missing. Our study aimed to demonstrate the expression of mRNA and protein for both factors in the tissues of testis and epididymis (caput, corpus, cauda) at different periods of the year (March, June, November, December) in European bison as a model of seasonally breeding animal. Results suggest, that VEGF-A expression was more pronounced in testis than in epididymis and the highest expression was noted in December and June. Surprisingly, the highest protein accumulation was observed in June at the same level in all tissues analyzed. On the other hand, the highest FGF-2 mRNA expression was noted in testis in June and in epididymis in March. However, no differences in protein expression of FGF-2 were found between analyzed groups. The results indicate that both factors are necessary for proper functioning of the reproductive system and their levels differ seasonally. Perhaps, it is linked to increased need of these factors in the testis as well as epididymis during preparation for the reproductive functions. Moreover, VEGF-A and FGF-2 not only may regulate reproductive functions by affecting vascularization and cell nutrition, but it also may be possible that they possess protective functions by stabilizing the reproductive cells. Therefore, obtained results provide new insight into mechanisms underlying seasonal breeding of the male European bison.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Tabecka-Lonczynska
- Department of Animal Physiology and Reproduction, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Rzeszow, Werynia 502, 36-100 Kolbuszowa, Poland.
| | - Jennifer Mytych
- Department of Animal Physiology and Reproduction, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Rzeszow, Werynia 502, 36-100 Kolbuszowa, Poland
| | - Przemyslaw Solek
- Department of Animal Physiology and Reproduction, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Rzeszow, Werynia 502, 36-100 Kolbuszowa, Poland
| | - Magdalena Kulpa-Greszta
- Department of Animal Physiology and Reproduction, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Rzeszow, Werynia 502, 36-100 Kolbuszowa, Poland
| | - Magdalena Sowa-Kucma
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Neurobiology, Laboratory of Trace Elements Neurobiology, Smeta 12, 31-343 Kraków, Poland; Department of Human Physiology, Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Rzeszow, Kopisto 2a, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Marek Koziorowski
- Department of Animal Physiology and Reproduction, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Rzeszow, Werynia 502, 36-100 Kolbuszowa, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Han JM, Gou M, Xiao R. [Neutrophils regulate the process of angiogenesis]. Sheng Li Xue Bao 2017; 69:843-851. [PMID: 29270600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophils are one of the most abundant leukocytes present in the human blood circulation system, which could provide continuous immune surveillance. Recent studies have shown that neutrophils are closely related to angiogenesis. Neutrophils could release various cytokines, which regulate the angiogenic process by affecting the growth and migration of endothelial cells directly or indirectly. In the present review, the regulatory effects of neutrophils on angiogenic process and mechanisms are analyzed and summarized, which would provide clues for the treatment of related diseases using neutrophils as the targets in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Mei Han
- School of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China
| | - Meng Gou
- School of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China
| | - Rong Xiao
- School of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Donadel G, Pastore D, Della-Morte D, Capuani B, Lombardo MF, Pacifici F, Bugliani M, Grieco FA, Marchetti P, Lauro D. FGF-2b and h-PL Transform Duct and Non-Endocrine Human Pancreatic Cells into Endocrine Insulin Secreting Cells by Modulating Differentiating Genes. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18112234. [PMID: 29068419 PMCID: PMC5713204 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a multifactorial disease orphan of a cure. Regenerative medicine has been proposed as novel strategy for DM therapy. Human fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2b controls β-cell clusters via autocrine action, and human placental lactogen (hPL)-A increases functional β-cells. We hypothesized whether FGF-2b/hPL-A treatment induces β-cell differentiation from ductal/non-endocrine precursor(s) by modulating specific genes expression. Methods: Human pancreatic ductal-cells (PANC-1) and non-endocrine pancreatic cells were treated with FGF-2b plus hPL-A at 500 ng/mL. Cytofluorimetry and Immunofluorescence have been performed to detect expression of endocrine, ductal and acinar markers. Bromodeoxyuridine incorporation and annexin-V quantified cells proliferation and apoptosis. Insulin secretion was assessed by RIA kit, and electron microscopy analyzed islet-like clusters. Results: Increase in PANC-1 duct cells de-differentiation into islet-like aggregates was observed after FGF-2b/hPL-A treatment showing ultrastructure typical of islets-aggregates. These clusters, after stimulation with FGF-2b/hPL-A, had significant (p < 0.05) increase in insulin, C-peptide, pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 (PDX-1), Nkx2.2, Nkx6.1, somatostatin, glucagon, and glucose transporter 2 (Glut-2), compared with control cells. Markers of PANC-1 (Cytokeratin-19, MUC-1, CA19-9) were decreased (p < 0.05). These aggregates after treatment with FGF-2b/hPL-A significantly reduced levels of apoptosis. Conclusions: FGF-2b and hPL-A are promising candidates for regenerative therapy in DM by inducing de-differentiation of stem cells modulating pivotal endocrine genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Donadel
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Donatella Pastore
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - David Della-Morte
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy.
- Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele Roma Open University, 00166 Rome, Italy.
| | - Barbara Capuani
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Marco F Lombardo
- Agenzia regionale per la protezione ambientale (ARPA) Lazio, Sezione di Roma, 00173 Rome, Italy.
| | - Francesca Pacifici
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Marco Bugliani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism of Transplantation, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria (A.O.U.) Pisana, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Fabio A Grieco
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Piero Marchetti
- Endocrinology and Metabolism of Transplantation, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria (A.O.U.) Pisana, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Davide Lauro
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Oliva-Olivera W, Coín-Aragüez L, Lhamyani S, Clemente-Postigo M, Torres JA, Bernal-López MR, El Bekay R, Tinahones FJ. Adipogenic Impairment of Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Subjects With Metabolic Syndrome: Possible Protective Role of FGF2. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2017; 102:478-487. [PMID: 27967316 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2016-2256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The decreased expansion capacity of adipose tissue plays a crucial role in the onset of disorders associated with metabolic syndrome. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine the state of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) from obese subjects with different metabolic profiles. DESIGN This was a 2-year study to enroll subjects who underwent bariatric surgery or cholecystectomy. SETTING University Hospital. PATIENTS AND INTERVENTION Patients who underwent either bariatric surgery (20 morbidly obese) or cholecystectomy (40 subjects) participated in the study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES ASCs were obtained from both visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue. Adipogenic, fibrotic gene expression was quantified by quantitative polymerase chain reaction; Smad7 and fibroblast growth factor 2 were quantified by western blotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. The susceptibility of ASCs to apoptosis, their population doubling time, and their clonogenic potential were evaluated. RESULTS The worsening metabolic profile of the patients was accompanied by a decrease in the intrinsic levels of adipogenic gene expression, reduced proliferation rate, clonogenic potential, and exportation of fibroblast growth factor 2 to the cell surface of the ASCs derived from both tissues. In addition, the ASCs from patients without metabolic syndrome showed differences in susceptibility to apoptosis and expression of TGFβ-signaling inhibitory protein Smad7 with respect to the ASCs from patients with metabolic syndrome. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the decrease in adipogenic-gene mRNA and clonogenic potential, as well as the accumulation of fibrotic proteins with metabolic alterations, could be a relevant mechanism controlling the number and size of neogenerated adipocytes and involved in alteration of adipose-tissue expansion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wilfredo Oliva-Olivera
- Departments of Clinical Endocrinology and Nutrition, and
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Leticia Coín-Aragüez
- Departments of Clinical Endocrinology and Nutrition, and
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Said Lhamyani
- Departments of Clinical Endocrinology and Nutrition, and
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Mercedes Clemente-Postigo
- Departments of Clinical Endocrinology and Nutrition, and
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Juan Alcaide Torres
- Departments of Clinical Endocrinology and Nutrition, and
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Maria Rosa Bernal-López
- Internal Medicine, Regional University Hospital of Málaga, Institute of Biomedical Research of Málaga, Hospital of Málaga (Virgen de la Victoria), University of Málaga, Málaga 29010, Spain; and
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Rajaa El Bekay
- Departments of Clinical Endocrinology and Nutrition, and
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Francisco José Tinahones
- Departments of Clinical Endocrinology and Nutrition, and
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wu CK, Tseng PT, Chen YW, Tu KY, Lin PY. Significantly higher peripheral fibroblast growth factor-2 levels in patients with major depressive disorder: A preliminary meta-analysis under MOOSE guidelines. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e4563. [PMID: 27537581 PMCID: PMC5370807 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000004563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In vivo and in vitro studies demonstrate the important roles of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and FGF receptors (FGFRs) in neural survival, neurogenesis, oxidative stress, and emotional behavior. However, evidence on the role of FGF and FGFR in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD) remains limited and inconclusive. OBJECTIVES This preliminary meta-analysis aimed to examine changes in peripheral or central FGF and FGFR levels in patients with MDD. DATA SOURCES Electronic research through platform of PubMed and ClinicalTrials.gov. STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA, PARTICIPANTS, AND INTERVENTIONS We used the inclusion criteria: articles discussing the comparisons of FGF levels, either in peripheral or central environment, in patients with MDD and in healthy controls (HC); articles on clinical trials in humans; and case-control trials. Case reports or series and nonclinical trials were excluded. STUDY APPRAISAL AND SYNTHESIS METHODS Using a thorough literature search, the FGF/FGFR levels in patients with MDD and HC were compared. Four studies on peripheral FGF-2 and 3 on central FGF-2 and FGFR1 levels were included. RESULTS The findings reveal significantly higher peripheral FGF-2 protein and central FGFR1 RNA levels in patients with MDD than in HC (P = 0.005 and 0.006, separately), but no significant association with clinical variables. There was also no significant difference in the central FGF-2 levels in patients with MDD and in HC (P = 0.180). LIMITATION The study has limitations of a small number of included studies, lack of meta-analysis of the FGF changes along with treatment, and lack of direct evidence on correlation of peripheral FGF-2 with central FGF-2 levels. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS OF KEY FINDINGS This preliminary meta-analysis points out a new direction for future studies investigating the relationship among MDD, oxidative stress, and the FGF family.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Kuan Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, Tsyr-Huey Mental Hospital, Kaohsiung Jen-Ai's Home
| | - Ping-Tao Tseng
- Department of Psychiatry, Tsyr-Huey Mental Hospital, Kaohsiung Jen-Ai's Home
| | | | - Kun-Yu Tu
- Department of Psychiatry, Tsyr-Huey Mental Hospital, Kaohsiung Jen-Ai's Home
| | - Pao-Yen Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedical Sciences, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Correspondence: Pao-Yen Lin, Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 123, Dapi Road, Niaosong, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan (e-mail: )
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Osadnik T, Strzelczyk JK, Reguła R, Bujak K, Fronczek M, Gonera M, Gawlita M, Wasilewski J, Lekston A, Kurek A, Gierlotka M, Trzeciak P, Hawranek M, Ostrowska Z, Wiczkowski A, Poloński L, Gąsior M. The Relationships between Polymorphisms in Genes Encoding the Growth Factors TGF-β1, PDGFB, EGF, bFGF and VEGF-A and the Restenosis Process in Patients with Stable Coronary Artery Disease Treated with Bare Metal Stent. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150500. [PMID: 26930482 PMCID: PMC4773170 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neointima forming after stent implantation consists of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in 90%. Growth factors TGF-β1, PDGFB, EGF, bFGF and VEGF-A play an important role in VSMC proliferation and migration to the tunica intima after arterial wall injury. The aim of this paper was an analysis of functional polymorphisms in genes encoding TGF-β1, PDGFB, EGF, bFGF and VEGF-A in relation to in-stent restenosis (ISR). Materials and Methods 265 patients with a stable coronary artery disease (SCAD) hospitalized in our center in the years 2007–2011 were included in the study. All patients underwent stent implantation at admission to the hospital and had another coronary angiography performed due to recurrence of the ailments or a positive result of the test assessing the coronary flow reserve. Angiographically significant ISR was defined as stenosis >50% in the stented coronary artery segment. The patients were divided into two groups–with angiographically significant ISR (n = 53) and without significant ISR (n = 212). Additionally, the assessment of late lumen loss (LLL) in vessel was performed. EGF rs4444903 polymorphism was genotyped using the PCR-RFLP method whilst rs1800470 (TGFB1), rs2285094 (PDGFB) rs308395 (bFGF) and rs699947 (VEGF-A) were determined using the TaqMan method. Results Angiographically significant ISR was significantly less frequently observed in the group of patients with the A/A genotype of rs1800470 polymorphism (TGFB1) versus patients with A/G and G/G genotypes. In the multivariable analysis, LLL was significantly lower in patients with the A/A genotype of rs1800470 (TGFB1) versus those with the A/G and G/G genotypes and higher in patients with the A/A genotype of the VEGF-A polymorphism versus the A/C and C/C genotypes. The C/C genotype of rs2285094 (PDGFB) was associated with greater LLL compared to C/T heterozygotes and T/T homozygotes. Conclusions The polymorphisms rs1800470, rs2285094 and rs6999447 of the TGFB1, PDGFB and VEGF-A genes, respectively, are associated with LLL in patients with SCAD treated by PCI with a metal stent implantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tadeusz Osadnik
- Third Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry, Medical University of Silesia, Zabrze, Poland
- Genomics Laboratory, Kardio-Med Silesia Science and Technology Park, Zabrze, Poland
- * E-mail:
| | - Joanna Katarzyna Strzelczyk
- Department of Medical and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry, Medical University of Silesia, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Rafał Reguła
- Third Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry, Medical University of Silesia, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Kamil Bujak
- Third Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry, Medical University of Silesia, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Martyna Fronczek
- Third Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry, Medical University of Silesia, Zabrze, Poland
- Genomics Laboratory, Kardio-Med Silesia Science and Technology Park, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Gonera
- Third Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry, Medical University of Silesia, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Marcin Gawlita
- Third Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry, Medical University of Silesia, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Jarosław Wasilewski
- Third Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry, Medical University of Silesia, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Andrzej Lekston
- Third Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry, Medical University of Silesia, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Anna Kurek
- Third Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry, Medical University of Silesia, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Marek Gierlotka
- Third Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry, Medical University of Silesia, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Przemysław Trzeciak
- Third Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry, Medical University of Silesia, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Michał Hawranek
- Third Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry, Medical University of Silesia, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Zofia Ostrowska
- Department of Medical and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry, Medical University of Silesia, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Andrzej Wiczkowski
- Department of Medical and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry, Medical University of Silesia, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Lech Poloński
- Third Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry, Medical University of Silesia, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Mariusz Gąsior
- Third Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry, Medical University of Silesia, Zabrze, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) have been shown to alter growth and differentiation of reproductive tissues in a variety of species. Within the female reproductive tract, the effects of FGFs have been focused on the ovary, and the most studied one is FGF2, which stimulates granulosa cell proliferation and decreases differentiation (decreased steroidogenesis). Other FGFs have also been implicated in ovarian function, and this review summarizes the effects of members of two subfamilies on ovarian function; the FGF7 subfamily that also contains FGF10, and the FGF8 subfamily that also contains FGF18. There are data to suggest that FGF8 and FGF18 have distinct actions on granulosa cells, despite their apparent similar receptor binding properties. Studies of non-reproductive developmental biology also indicate that FGF8 is distinct from FGF18, and that FGF7 is also distinct from FGF10 despite similar receptor binding properties. In this review, the potential mechanisms of differential action of FGF7/FGF10 and FGF8/FGF18 during organogenesis will be reviewed and placed in the context of follicle development. A model is proposed in which FGF8 and FGF18 differentially activate receptors depending on the properties of the extracellular matrix in the follicle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A Price
- Faculty of Veterinary MedicineCentre de recherche en reproduction animale, University of Montreal, 3200 rue Sicotte, St-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada J2S 7C6
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ye L, Yang Y, Zhang X, Cai P, Li R, Chen D, Wei X, Zhang X, Xu H, Xiao J, Li X, Lin L, Zhang H. The Role of bFGF in the Excessive Activation of Astrocytes Is Related to the Inhibition of TLR4/NFκB Signals. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 17:ijms17010037. [PMID: 26729092 PMCID: PMC4730282 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17010037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes have critical roles in immune defense, homeostasis, metabolism, and synaptic remodeling and function in the central nervous system (CNS); however, excessive activation of astrocytes with increased intermediate filaments following neuronal trauma, infection, ischemia, stroke, and neurodegenerative diseases results in a pro-inflammatory environment and promotes neuronal death. As an important neurotrophic factor, the secretion of endogenous basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) contributes to the protective effect of neuronal cells, but the mechanism of bFGF in reactive astrogliosis is still unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that exogenous bFGF attenuated astrocyte activation by reducing the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and other markers, including neurocan and vimentin, but not nestin and decreased the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), via the regulation of the upstream toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor κB (TLR4/NFκB) signaling pathway. Our study suggests that the function of bFGF is not only related to the neuroprotective and neurotrophic effect but also involved in the inhibition of excessive astrogliosis and glial scarring after neuronal injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Libing Ye
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Ying Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Xie Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Ningbo Medical Treatment Center, Li Huili Hospital, Ningbo 315040, China.
| | - Pingtao Cai
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Rui Li
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Daqing Chen
- Emergency Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China.
| | - Xiaojie Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cixi People's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Cixi, Ningbo 315300, China.
| | - Xuesong Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ningbo Medical Treatment Center Li Huili Hospital, Ningbo 315040, China.
| | - Huazi Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China.
| | - Jian Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Xiaokun Li
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Li Lin
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Vitale ML, Barry A. Biphasic Effect of Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor on Anterior Pituitary Folliculostellate TtT/GF Cell Coupling, and Connexin 43 Expression and Phosphorylation. J Neuroendocrinol 2015; 27:787-801. [PMID: 26265106 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Revised: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) is a mitogenic and differentiating cytokine. In the anterior pituitary, folliculostellate (FS) cells constitute the major source of bFGF. bFGF affects endocrine cell proliferation and secretion in the anterior pituitary. In addition, bFGF increases its own expression by acting directly on FS cells. FS cell Cx43-mediated gap junction intercellular communication allows the establishment of an intrapituitary network for the transmission of information. In the present study, we assessed how bFGF regulates FS cell coupling. Time course studies were carried out on the FS cell line TtT/GF. Short-term bFGF treatment induced a transient cell uncoupling and the phosphorylation in Ser368 of membrane-bound Cx43 without modifying Cx43 levels. We demonstrated the involvement of the protein kinase C (PKC) isoform α in the phosphorylation of Cx43 in S368. Moreover, we showed that bFGF induced PKCα activation by stimulating its expression, phosphorylation and association with the plasma membrane. The long-term incubation with bFGF increased TtT/GF cell coupling, total Cx43 levels and Cx43 accumulation at the cell membrane of cytoplasmic projections. The Cx43 level increase was a result of the stimulation of Cx43 gene transcription as mediated by the extracellular-regulated kinase 1/2 signalling pathway. Taken together, the data show that bFGF modulates TtT/GF cell coupling by activating different pathways that lead to opposite effects on Cx43 phosphorylation and expression depending on the duration of the exposure of the cells to bFGF. A short-term bFGF exposure reduces cell-to-cell communication as a mean of desynchronising FS cells. By contrast, long-term exposure to bFGF enhances cell-to-cell communication and facilitates coordination among FS cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M L Vitale
- Département de Pathologie et Biologie Cellulaire, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - A Barry
- Département de Pathologie et Biologie Cellulaire, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
From a hemodynamic point of view, hepatic vascular resistance and portal inflow determine the level of portal pressure. Factors that determine hepatic vascular resistance include both structural and dynamic components. Among the structural components are histological characteristics such as steatosis, fibrosis, regeneration nodules, and neo-angiogenesis. Dynamic structures include cells with contractile properties such as hepatocytes, hepatic stellate cells, sinusoidal endothelial cells, and Kupffer cells. The contributions of the interactions between four cells in cirrhotic livers resulted in hepatic endothelial dysfunction, hepatic microcirculatory dysfunction, hepatic venous dysregulation, hepatic fibrogenesis, and subsequently increased intrahepatic resistance and portal hypertension in cirrhosis. The pathogenic mechanisms that trigger the associated abnormalities in hepatic microcirculations include persistent endotoxemia, increased hepatic oxidative stress, activated endocannabinoids substances, pathogenic sinusoidal remodeling, and hypoperfusion in cirrhotic livers. Cumulative data suggested that various therapeutic strategies targeting hepatic microcirculation provided effective improvement of the systemic abnormalities of cirrhosis. Accordingly, the mechanistic and therapeutic approaches focusing on the disarrangement of hepatic microcirculation will be introduced in this article.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ying Yang
- Division of Clinical Training, Department of Medical Education, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Han-Chieh Lin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wang G, Li C, Fan X, Li B, Xiao W, Jin L. [EFFECT OF BONE MARROW MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS ON GASTRIC ULCER REPAIRING]. Zhongguo Xiu Fu Chong Jian Wai Ke Za Zhi 2015; 29:889-892. [PMID: 26540986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the ettect and mechanisms of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) on healing quality of acetic acid-induced gastric ulcer. METHODS Forty-eight clean grade male Wistar rats were used to establish the model of gastric ulcer with acetic acid and were randomly divided into 3 groups after 3 days of modeling, 16 rats each group. After the abdominal cavity was open and stomach was pulled out, no treatment was given in group A, 150 µL phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and 150 µL BMSCs at passage 4+PBS (1 x 10(8) cells/100 µL) were injected into the gastric wall surrounding the ulcer at 5 different points in groups B and C respectively. After 10 days, the ulcer area was measured, the mucosal thickness and the number of dilated glands were tested in the regenerative mucosa by histological method. And the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was detected at ulcerative margin by immunohistochemical method. RESULTS The ulcer area in group C was significantly smaller than that of groups A and B (P < 0.01), but no significant difference was found between groups A and B (P > 0.05). HE staining showed that group C had thicker regenerative gastric mucosa, less dilated glands, and more regular mucosal structure than groups A and B, showing significant differences in regenerative gastric mucosa thickness and dilated glands number (P < 0.01), but no significant difference between groups A and B (P > 0.05). Immunohistochemical staining showed that the positive expression of VEGF in the ulcer margin mucosa of group C was significantly higher than that of groups A and B. The integral absorbance (IA) value of VEGF expression in group C was significantly higher than that in groups A and B (P < 0.01), but no significant difference between groups A and B (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION BMSCs can accelerate ulcer healing by the secretion of VEGF, and improve the quality of ulcer healing.
Collapse
|
14
|
Saucedo L, Buffa GN, Rosso M, Guillardoy T, Góngora A, Munuce MJ, Vazquez-Levin MH, Marín-Briggiler C. Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptors (FGFRs) in Human Sperm: Expression, Functionality and Involvement in Motility Regulation. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127297. [PMID: 25970615 PMCID: PMC4430232 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factors receptors (FGFRs) have been widely characterized in somatic cells, but there is scarce evidence of their expression and function in mammalian gametes. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the expression of FGFRs in human male germ cells, to determine sperm FGFR activation by the FGF2 ligand and their participation in the regulation of sperm motility. The expression of FGFR1, 2, 3 and 4 mRNAs and proteins in human testis and localization of these receptors in germ cells of the seminiferous epithelium was demonstrated. In ejaculated sperm, FGFRs were localized to the acrosomal region and flagellum. Sperm exposure to FGF2 caused an increase in flagellar FGFR phosphorylation and activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and protein kinase B (PKB or Akt) signaling pathways. Incubation with FGF2 led to a significant increase in the percentage of total and progressive sperm motility, as well as in sperm kinematics. All responses were prevented by sperm preincubation with BGJ398, a specific inhibitor of FGFR tyrosine kinase activity. In addition to confirming the expression of FGFRs in germ cells of the human testis, our study describes for the first time the presence, localization and functionality of human sperm FGFRs, and provides evidence of the beneficial effect of FGF2 upon sperm motility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Saucedo
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET-FIBYME, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriela N. Buffa
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET-FIBYME, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marina Rosso
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET-FIBYME, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Tomás Guillardoy
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET-FIBYME, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Adrian Góngora
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET-FIBYME, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María J. Munuce
- Laboratorio de Medicina Reproductiva, Area de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
- Reprolab, Sanatorio Británico de Rosario, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Mónica H. Vazquez-Levin
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET-FIBYME, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Clara Marín-Briggiler
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET-FIBYME, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Sasaki T, Jyo Y, Tanda N, Tamai H, Osawa G. The role of basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF2) in glomerular epithelial cell injury. Contrib Nephrol 2015; 118:68-77. [PMID: 8744042 DOI: 10.1159/000425078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- T Sasaki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
de Lima Silveira E, de Sousa JR, de Sousa Aarão TL, Fuzii HT, Dias Junior LB, Carneiro FRO, Quaresma JAS. New immunologic pathways in the pathogenesis of leprosy: role for Th22 cytokines in the polar forms of the disease. J Am Acad Dermatol 2015; 72:729-30. [PMID: 25773413 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2014.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Revised: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hellen Thais Fuzii
- Nucleo de Medicina Tropical, Universidade Federal do Para, Belem-PA, Brazil
| | | | | | - Juarez Antonio Simões Quaresma
- Nucleo de Medicina Tropical, Universidade Federal do Para, Belem-PA, Brazil; Centro de Ciencias Biologicas e da Saude, Universidade do Estado do Para, Belem-PA, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Cheng L, Liang H, Song SL. [The roles of FGF-2, inflammatory factor, nuclear factor-kappaB that cause endothelial mesenchymal transition in cornea]. Sheng Li Ke Xue Jin Zhan 2013; 44:471-474. [PMID: 24665752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
|
18
|
Salotti J, Dias MH, Koga MM, Armelin HA. Fibroblast growth factor 2 causes G2/M cell cycle arrest in ras-driven tumor cells through a Src-dependent pathway. PLoS One 2013; 8:e72582. [PMID: 23991123 PMCID: PMC3753234 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2011] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently reported that paracrine Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 (FGF2) triggers senescence in Ras-driven Y1 and 3T3Ras mouse malignant cell lines. Here, we show that although FGF2 activates mitogenic pathways in these Ras-dependent malignant cells, it can block cell proliferation and cause a G2/M arrest. These cytostatic effects of FGF2 are inhibited by PD173074, an FGF receptor (FGFR) inhibitor. To determine which downstream pathways are induced by FGF2, we tested specific inhibitors targeting mitogen-activated protein kinase (MEK), phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K) and protein kinase C (PKC). We show that these classical mitogenic pathways do not mediate the cytostatic activity of FGF2. On the other hand, the inhibition of Src family kinases rescued Ras-dependent malignant cells from the G2/M irreversible arrest induced by FGF2. Taken together, these data indicate a growth factor-sensitive point in G2/M that likely involves FGFR/Ras/Src pathway activation in a MEK, PI3K and PKC independent manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Salotti
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Matheus H. Dias
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Instituto Butantan, CATcepid, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marianna M. Koga
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hugo A. Armelin
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Instituto Butantan, CATcepid, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Koçer G, Nazıroğlu M, Çelik Ö, Önal L, Özçelik D, Koçer M, Sönmez TT. Basic fibroblast growth factor attenuates bisphosphonate-induced oxidative injury but decreases zinc and copper levels in oral epithelium of rat. Biol Trace Elem Res 2013; 153:251-6. [PMID: 23572387 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-013-9659-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have reported oxidative damage due to bisphosphonate (BP) in various cancer tissues and neurons, although basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) induced antioxidant effects in the cells. The bFGF may modulate the BP-induced oxidative stress in oral epithelium of rats. This study was undertaken to explore possible beneficial antioxidant effects of bFGF on oxidative stress induced by BP in oral epithelium of rats. Twenty-eight rats were equally divided into four groups. The first group was used as control. The second, third and fourth groups intraperitoneally received BP (zoledronic acid), bFGF and BP + bFGF. At the end of 10 weeks, the rats were sacrificed, and oral epithelium samples were taken for analyses. In BP group, the lipid peroxidation levels were increased in the oral epithelium, while the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and the concentrations of total antioxidant status (TAS) were decreased. In rats treated with bFGF, lipid peroxidation levels decreased, and the activities of GSH-Px and concentrations of TAS improved in the oral epithelium. However, zinc and copper levels were decreased in the oral epithelium by BP and bFGF treatments. Concentrations of vitamin E and reduced glutathione in the samples did not change in the groups. In conclusion, treatment with bFGF modulated the antioxidant redox system and reduced the oral epithelium oxidative stress induced by BP. However, zinc and copper levels were decreased by BP and bFGF treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gülperi Koçer
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dentistry Faculty, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Forristal CE, Christensen DR, Chinnery FE, Petruzzelli R, Parry KL, Sanchez-Elsner T, Houghton FD. Environmental oxygen tension regulates the energy metabolism and self-renewal of human embryonic stem cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e62507. [PMID: 23671606 PMCID: PMC3645991 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2011] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Energy metabolism is intrinsic to cell viability but surprisingly has been little studied in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). The current study aims to investigate the effect of environmental O2 tension on carbohydrate utilisation of hESCs. Highly pluripotent hESCs cultured at 5% O2 consumed significantly more glucose, less pyruvate and produced more lactate compared to those maintained at 20% O2. Moreover, hESCs cultured at atmospheric O2 levels expressed significantly less OCT4, SOX2 and NANOG than those maintained at 5% O2. To determine whether this difference in metabolism was a reflection of the pluripotent state, hESCs were cultured at 5% O2 in the absence of FGF2 for 16 hours leading to a significant reduction in the expression of SOX2. In addition, these cells consumed less glucose and produced significantly less lactate compared to those cultured in the presence of FGF2. hESCs maintained at 5% O2 were found to consume significantly less O2 than those cultured in the absence of FGF2, or at 20% O2. GLUT1 expression correlated with glucose consumption and using siRNA and chromatin immunoprecipitation was found to be directly regulated by hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-2α at 5% O2. In conclusion, highly pluripotent cells associated with hypoxic culture consume low levels of O2, high levels of glucose and produce large amounts of lactate, while at atmospheric conditions glucose consumption and lactate production are reduced and there is an increase in oxidative metabolism. These data suggest that environmental O2 regulates energy metabolism and is intrinsic to the self-renewal of hESCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine E. Forristal
- Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - David R. Christensen
- Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Fay E. Chinnery
- Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Raffaella Petruzzelli
- Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Kate L. Parry
- Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Tilman Sanchez-Elsner
- Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Franchesca D. Houghton
- Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Xiao J, Yang X, Jing W, Guo W, Sun Q, Lin Y, Liu L, Meng W, Tian W. Adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation of Lin(-)CD271(+)Sca-1(+) adipose-derived stem cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2013; 377:107-19. [PMID: 23430356 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-013-1575-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2012] [Accepted: 01/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) have been defined as cells that undergo sustained in vitro growth and have multilineage differentiation potential. However, the identity and purification of ASCs has proved elusive due to the lack of specific markers and poor understanding of their physiological roles. Here, we prospectively isolated and identified a restricted homogeneous subpopulation of ASCs (Lin(-)CD271(+)Sca-1(+)) from mouse adipose tissues on the basis of cell-surface markers. Individual ASCs generated colony-forming unit-fibroblast at a high frequency and could differentiate into adipocytes, osteoblasts, and chondrocytes in vitro. Expansion of ASCs in a large quantity was feasible in medium supplemented with fibroblast growth factor-2 and leukemia inhibitory factor, without loss of adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation capacity. Moreover, we found that the transplanted ASCs can differentiate into adipocytes in adipogenic microenvironment in vivo and osteoblasts in osteogenic microenvironment in vivo. Thus we proved that Lin, CD271, and Sca-1 could be used as the specific markers to purify ASCs from adipose tissue. The method we established to identify ASCs as defined in vivo entities will help develop ASCs transplantation as a new therapeutic strategy for bone regeneration and adipose tissue regeneration in clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingang Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Gustafsson E, Almonte-Becerril M, Bloch W, Costell M. Perlecan maintains microvessel integrity in vivo and modulates their formation in vitro. PLoS One 2013; 8:e53715. [PMID: 23320101 PMCID: PMC3540034 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Perlecan is a heparan sulfate proteoglycan assembled into the vascular basement membranes (BMs) during vasculogenesis. In the present study we have investigated vessel formation in mice, teratomas and embryoid bodies (EBs) in the absence of perlecan. We found that perlecan was dispensable for blood vessel formation and maturation until embryonic day (E) 12.5. At later stages of development 40% of mutant embryos showed dilated microvessels in brain and skin, which ruptured and led to severe bleedings. Surprisingly, teratomas derived from perlecan-null ES cells showed efficient contribution of perlecan-deficient endothelial cells to an apparently normal tumor vasculature. However, in perlecan-deficient EBs the area occupied by an endothelial network and the number of vessel branches were significantly diminished. Addition of FGF-2 but not VEGF(165) rescued the in vitro deficiency of the mutant ES cells. Furthermore, in the absence of perlecan in the EB matrix lower levels of FGFs are bound, stored and available for cell surface presentation. Altogether these findings suggest that perlecan supports the maintenance of brain and skin subendothelial BMs and promotes vasculo- and angiogenesis by modulating FGF-2 function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erika Gustafsson
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Maylin Almonte-Becerril
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México Distrito Federal, México
| | - Wilhelm Bloch
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, Cologne, Germany
| | - Mercedes Costell
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Singh S, Singh M, Mak IWY, Turcotte R, Ghert M. Investigation of FGFR2-IIIC signaling via FGF-2 ligand for advancing GCT stromal cell differentiation. PLoS One 2012; 7:e46769. [PMID: 23071632 PMCID: PMC3469652 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Accepted: 09/07/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Giant cell tumor of bone (GCT) is an aggressive bone tumor consisting of multinucleated osteoclast-like giant cells and proliferating osteoblast-like stromal cells. The signaling mechanism involved in GCT stromal cell osteoblastic differentiation is not fully understood. Previous work in our lab reported that GCT stromal cells express high levels of TWIST1, a master transcription factor in skeletal development, which in turn down-regulates Runx2 expression and prevents terminal osteoblastic differentiation in these cells. The purpose of this study was to determine the upstream regulation of TWIST1 in GCT cells. Using GCT stromal cells obtained from patient specimens, we demonstrated that fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR)-2 signaling plays an essential role in bone development and promotes differentiation of immature osteoblastic cells. Fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2 stimulates FGFR-2 expression, resulting in decreased TWIST1 expression and increased Runx2, alkaline phosphastase (ALP) and osteopontin (OPN) expression. Inhibition of FGFR-2 through siRNA decreased the expression of ALP, Runx2 and OPN in GCT stromal cells. Our study also confirmed that FGF-2 ligand activates downstream ERK1/2 signaling and pharmacological inhibition of the ERK1/2 signaling pathway suppresses FGF-2 stimulated osteogenic differentiation in these cells. Our results indicate a significant role of FGFR-2 signaling in osteoblastic differentiation in GCT stromal cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Singh
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mohini Singh
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Robert Turcotte
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal General Hospital, Quebec, Canada
| | - Michelle Ghert
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Biver E, Soubrier AS, Thouverey C, Cortet B, Broux O, Caverzasio J, Hardouin P. Fibroblast growth factor 2 inhibits up-regulation of bone morphogenic proteins and their receptors during osteoblastic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 427:737-42. [PMID: 23044416 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.09.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2012] [Accepted: 09/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the interactions between growth factors and bone morphogenic proteins (BMPs) signaling remains a crucial issue to optimize the use of human mesenchymal stem cells (HMSCs) and BMPs in therapeutic perspectives and bone tissue engineering. BMPs are potent inducers of osteoblastic differentiation. They exert their actions via BMP receptors (BMPR), including BMPR1A, BMPR1B and BMPR2. Fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) is expressed by cells of the osteoblastic lineage, increases their proliferation and is secreted during the healing process of fractures or in surgery bone sites. We hypothesized that FGF2 might influence HMSC osteoblastic differentiation by modulating expressions of BMPs and their receptors. BMP2, BMP4, BMPR1A and mainly BMPR1B expressions were up-regulated during this differentiation. FGF2 inhibited HMSCs osteoblastic differentiation and the up-regulation of BMPs and BMPR. This effect was prevented by inhibiting the ERK or JNK mitogen-activated protein kinases which are known to be activated by FGF2. These data provide a mechanism explaining the inhibitory effect of FGF2 on osteoblastic differentiation of HMSCs. These crosstalks between growth and osteogenic factors should be considered in the use of recombinant BMPs in therapeutic purpose of fracture repair or skeletal bioengineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Biver
- Physiopathology of Inflammatory Bone Diseases, EA 4490, University Lille North of France, Quai Masset, Bassin Napoléon, BP120, 62327 Boulogne sur Mer, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Kasai
- Department of Psychiatry, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) elicits both tumor-suppressive and tumor-promoting functions during cancer progression. Here, we describe the tumor-promoting functions of TGF-β and how these functions play a role in cancer progression. Normal epithelial cells undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) through the action of TGF-β, while treatment with TGF-β and fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2 results in transdifferentiation into activated fibroblastic cells that are highly migratory, thereby facilitating cancer invasion and metastasis. TGF-β also induces EMT in tumor cells, which can be regulated by oncogenic and anti-oncogenic signals. In addition to EMT promotion, invasion and metastasis of cancer are facilitated by TGF-β through other mechanisms, such as regulation of cell survival, angiogenesis, and vascular integrity, and interaction with the tumor microenvironment. TGF-β also plays a critical role in regulating the cancer-initiating properties of certain types of cells, including glioma-initiating cells. These findings thus may be useful for establishing treatment strategies for advanced cancer by inhibiting TGF-β signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Miyazono
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Abstract
During normal pregnancy, dramatically increased placental blood flow is critical for fetal growth and survival as well as neonatal birth weights and survivability. This increased blood flow results from angiogenesis, vasodilatation, and vascular remodeling. Locally produced growth factors including fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) are key regulators of placental endothelial functions including cell proliferation, migration, and vasodilatation. However, the precise signaling mechanisms underlying such regulation in fetoplacental endothelium are less well defined, specifically with regard to the interactions amongst protein kinases (PKs), protein phosphatase, and nitric oxide (NO). Recently, we and other researchers have obtained solid evidence showing that different signaling mechanisms participate in FGF2- and VEGFA-regulated fetoplacental endothelial cell proliferation and migration as well as NO production. This review will briefly summarize currently available data on signaling mediating fetoplacental angiogenesis with a specific emphasis on PKs, ERK1/2, AKT1, and p38 MAPK and protein phosphatases, PPP2 and PPP3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Jing Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715
- Address correspondence and reprint requests to: Jing Zheng, Ph.D., Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perinatal Research Laboratories, University of Wisconsin, PAB1 Meriter Hospital, 202 S Park St., Madison, WI 53715. Phone: (608) 417-6314 Fax: (608) 257-1304.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Hida K. [Characteristics of tumor endothelial cells]. Seikagaku 2012; 84:43-46. [PMID: 22416472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Hida
- Vascular Biology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Dental Medicine, N13 W7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Paunovic B, Deng X, Khomenko T, Ahluwalia A, Tolstanova G, Tarnawski A, Szabo S, Sandor Z. Molecular mechanisms of basic fibroblast growth factor effect on healing of ulcerative colitis in rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2011; 339:430-7. [PMID: 21841041 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.111.183665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We demonstrated previously that basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) accelerated the healing of experimental duodenal ulcers, and we now hypothesize that bFGF might also accelerate the healing of experimental ulcerative colitis (UC). We also explored the potential molecular mechanisms involved in the accelerated healing of UC in rats treated with bFGF. The results demonstrated that colonic lesions were significantly reduced by bFGF treatment, whereas neutralization of bFGF aggravated iodoacetamide-induced UC. Protein expression of bFGF was increased during the healing stage of UC. Tumor necrosis factor-α levels and myeloperoxidase activity were significantly decreased in UC rats treated with bFGF, whereas they increased in rats treated with anti-bFGF antibody. Real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry showed decreased levels of p27 in the UC rats compared with the healthy controls, which was reversed by bFGF treatment in a dose-dependent manner. By immunohistochemistry and double labeling of Ki-67 and CD34, prominent positive staining of Ki-67 and CD34 was seen after bFGF treatment, indicating the enhanced proliferation of fibroblasts and epithelial and endothelial cells, i.e., angiogenesis. We conclude that bFGF plays a beneficial role in the healing of UC in rats. The molecular mechanisms of bFGF in UC healing not only involve the expected increased cell proliferation, especially angiogenesis, but also encompass the reduction of inflammatory cytokines and infiltration of inflammatory cells. Thus, bFGF enema may be a new therapeutic option for UC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brankica Paunovic
- Diagnostic and Molecular Medicine Health Care Group, VA Long Beach Healthcare System, Long Beach, CA 90822, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Sun Y, Hu J, Zhou L, Pollard SM, Smith A. Interplay between FGF2 and BMP controls the self-renewal, dormancy and differentiation of rat neural stem cells. J Cell Sci 2011; 124:1867-77. [PMID: 21558414 PMCID: PMC3096055 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.085506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mouse and human central nervous system progenitor cells can be propagated extensively ex vivo as stem cell lines. For the rat, however, in vitro expansion has proven to be problematic owing to proliferation arrest and differentiation. Here, we analyse the establishment, in adherent culture, of undifferentiated tripotent neural stem (NS) cell lines derived from rat foetal brain and spinal cord. Rat NS cells invariably undergo growth arrest and apparent differentiation after several passages; however, conditioned medium from proliferating cultures can overcome this block, enabling continuous propagation of undifferentiated rat NS cells. We found that dormancy is induced by autocrine production of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs). Accordingly, the BMP antagonist noggin can replace conditioned medium to sustain continuous self-renewal. Noggin can also induce dormant cells to re-enter the cell cycle, upon which they reacquire neurogenic potential. We further show that fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) is required to suppress terminal astrocytic differentiation and maintain stem cell potency during dormancy. These findings highlight an extrinsic regulatory network, comprising BMPs, BMP antagonists and FGF2 signals, that governs the proliferation, dormancy and differentiation of rat NS cells and which can be manipulated to enable long-term clonogenic self-renewal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yirui Sun
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Stem Cell Research and Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Huashan Hospital, Fu Dan University, Shanghai 200040, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai No. 6 Hospital, Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Huashan Hospital, Fu Dan University, Shanghai 200040, People's Republic of China
| | - Liangfu Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Huashan Hospital, Fu Dan University, Shanghai 200040, People's Republic of China
| | - Steven M. Pollard
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Stem Cell Research and Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Austin Smith
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Stem Cell Research and Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Negoro H, Kanematsu A, Imamura M, Kimura Y, Matsuoka R, Tanaka M, Tabata Y, Ogawa O. Regulation of connexin 43 by basic fibroblast growth factor in the bladder: transcriptional and behavioral implications. J Urol 2011; 185:2398-404. [PMID: 21511298 DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2011.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Basic fibroblast growth factor is a candidate causative factor of detrusor overactivity in bladder outlet obstruction cases through up-regulation of the gap junction protein connexin 43. We addressed the transcriptional and behavioral implications of this axis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cx43 and Cx45 mRNA expression was assessed by real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction in the bladder of a rat bladder outlet obstruction model and in cultured rat bladder smooth muscle cells with and without basic fibroblast growth factor treatment. Involvement of the extracellular signal regulated kinase 1/2-activator protein-1 pathway was evaluated by immunofluorescence study and a promoter-reporter assay in bladder smooth muscle cells. The effect of basic fibroblast growth factor on micturition behavior was measured in unrestrained rats under a 12-hour light/dark cycle using a controlled release system from gelatin hydrogels fixed on the bladder. The expression of extracellular signal regulated kinase 1/2 and connexin 43 protein was assessed by Western blotting of rat bladder protein. RESULTS Cx43 but not Cx45 mRNA expression was increased in the bladder of the obstruction model and in bladder smooth muscle cells treated with basic fibroblast growth factor. The mitogen-activated and extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase inhibitor PD98059 blocked the stimulatory effect of basic fibroblast growth factor on connexin 43 protein expression and promoter activity, which was also decreased by mutation or deletion of an activator protein-1 cis-element of the connexin 43 promoter. In vivo application of basic fibroblast growth factor on the bladder increased urinary frequency during the latter half of the dark phase, ie the late active phase of rats (F = 5.1, 2-way ANOVA p <0.05). The expression of phospho-extracellular signal regulated kinase 1/2 and connexin 43 protein was increased in the bladder. CONCLUSIONS The extracellular signal regulated kinase 1/2-activator protein-1-connexin 43 axis could be a potential therapeutic target for increased urinary frequency.
Collapse
|
32
|
Benslimane-Ahmim Z, Heymann D, Dizier B, Lokajczyk A, Brion R, Laurendeau I, Bièche I, Smadja DM, Galy-Fauroux I, Colliec-Jouault S, Fischer AM, Boisson-Vidal C. Osteoprotegerin, a new actor in vasculogenesis, stimulates endothelial colony-forming cells properties. J Thromb Haemost 2011; 9:834-43. [PMID: 21255246 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2011.04207.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoprotegerin (OPG), a soluble receptor of the tumour necrosis factor family, and its ligand, the receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL), are emerging as important regulators of vascular pathophysiology. OBJECTIVES We evaluated their effects on vasculogenesis induced by endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFC) and on neovessel formation in vivo. METHODS Effects of OPG and RANKL on in vitro angiogenesis were evaluated after ECFC incubation with OPG or RANKL (0-50 ng mL(-1)). Effects on microvessel formation were evaluated with an in vivo murin Matrigel plug assay. Vascularization was evaluated by measuring plug hemoglobin and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-R2 content 14 days after implantation. RESULTS We found that ECFC expressed OPG and RANK but not RANKL mRNA. Treatment of ECFC with VEGF or stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) upregulated OPG mRNA expression. OPG stimulated ECFC migration (P < 0.05), chemotaxis (P < 0.05) and vascular cord formation on Matrigel(®) (P < 0.01). These effects were correlated with SDF-1 mRNA overexpression, which was 30-fold higher after 4 h of OPG stimulation (P < 0.01). OPG-mediated angiogenesis involved the MAPK signaling pathway as well as Akt or mTOR cascades. RANKL also showed pro-vasculogenic effects in vitro. OPG combined with FGF-2 promoted neovessel formation in vivo, whereas RANKL had no effect. CONCLUSIONS OPG induces ECFC activation and is a positive regulator of microvessel formation in vivo. Our results suggest that the OPG/RANK/RANKL axis may be involved in vasculogenesis and strongly support a modulatory role in tissue revascularization.
Collapse
|
33
|
Molchanova EA, Bueverova EI, Starostin VI, Domaratskaia EI. [The sensitivity of mesenchymal stromal cell subpopulations with different times of adhesion property manifestation and derived from hemopoietic organs to growth factors EGF, bFGF, and PDGF]. Izv Akad Nauk Ser Biol 2011:133-144. [PMID: 21506387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The action of three growth factors (EGF, bFGF, and PDGF) on mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) subpopulations from mature bone marrow (BM) and rat embryo liver (EL) was investigated. These cells are plastic-adhesive and have different rates of adhesion (AC1-AC4 subpopulations). The efficiency of colony-formation, the size of colonies, and the number of early osteogenic progenitors with alkaline phosphatase activity in colonies and induced osteogenesis were analyzed. It was shown that EGF increased the number of bone marrow (BM) MSC colonies, but it had no influence on osteogenic differentiation. bFGF suppressed colony formation, but it stimulated both early and late stages of steogenesis. PDGF increased the size and the number of colonies in AC2 and AC3 subpopulations, but it stimulated only the ostegenesis terminal stage. The distinction between MSC subpopulations from two organs were found: MSC from EL had small osteogenic capacities and low sensitivity to grow factors; MSC from BM had no such characteristics. MSC subpopulations with different adhesion properties and from different tissues had compatible sensitivity to growth factors. Thus, these cells have no parent-progeny relationship.
Collapse
|
34
|
Huang J, Zhang L, Chu B, Chen P, Tang S. [Modification of seaweed polysaccharide-agarose and its application as skin dressing (III)--skin regeneration with agarose grafting hyaluronic acid sponge]. Sheng Wu Yi Xue Gong Cheng Xue Za Zhi 2011; 28:95-98. [PMID: 21485192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a kind of skin dressing, agarose- grafting- hyaluronic acid (Ag-g-HA) sponge was applied to test the modified agarose based scaffold for skin regeneration. The bFGF loading agarose-grafting hyaluronan scaffold had homogenous porosities, and the loaded bFGF was bioactive in 2 weeks. The Ag-g-HA sponge was applied into skin of mice, and it was found that the dressing promoted skin regeneration and no infection and leakage in lesion site took place. H&E staining results showed that the repaired skin was similar to autologous skin. These demonstrate that Ag-g-HA sponge has a promise in skin regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianyan Huang
- Biomedical Engineering Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Theurl M, Schgoer W, Albrecht K, Jeschke J, Egger M, Beer AGE, Vasiljevic D, Rong S, Wolf AM, Bahlmann FH, Patsch JR, Wolf D, Schratzberger P, Mahata SK, Kirchmair R. The neuropeptide catestatin acts as a novel angiogenic cytokine via a basic fibroblast growth factor-dependent mechanism. Circ Res 2010; 107:1326-35. [PMID: 20930149 PMCID: PMC10798356 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.110.219493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE The neuropeptide catestatin is an endogenous nicotinic cholinergic antagonist that acts as a pleiotropic hormone. OBJECTIVE Catestatin shares several functions with angiogenic factors. We therefore reasoned that catestatin induces growth of new blood vessels. METHODS AND RESULTS Catestatin induced migration, proliferation, and antiapoptosis in endothelial cells and exerted capillary tube formation in vitro in a Matrigel assay, and such effects were mediated via G protein, mitogen-activated protein kinase, and Akt. Catestatin-induced endothelial cell functions are further mediated by basic fibroblast growth factor, as shown by blockade of effects by a neutralizing fibroblast growth factor antibody. Furthermore, catestatin released basic fibroblast growth factor from endothelial cells and stimulated fibroblast growth factor signaling. In addition to its function on endothelial cells, catestatin also exerted effects on endothelial progenitor cells and vascular smooth muscle cells. In vivo, catestatin induced angiogenesis in the mouse cornea neovascularization assay and increased blood perfusion and number of capillaries in the hindlimb ischemia model. In addition to angiogenesis, catestatin increased density of arterioles/arteries and incorporation of endothelial progenitor cells in the hindlimb ischemia model, indicating induction of arteriogenesis and postnatal vasculogenesis. CONCLUSION We conclude that catestatin acts as a novel angiogenic cytokine via a basic fibroblast growth factor-dependent mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Theurl
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Wilfried Schgoer
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Karin Albrecht
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Johannes Jeschke
- Department of Plastical Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Margot Egger
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Arno G. E. Beer
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Danijela Vasiljevic
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Song Rong
- Department of Nephrology, MHH Hannover, Germany
| | - Anna Maria Wolf
- Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute and Internal Medicine 5, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Josef R. Patsch
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Dominik Wolf
- Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute and Internal Medicine 5, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Peter Schratzberger
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sushil K. Mahata
- University of California, San Diego, Hypertension Research Unit, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Rudolf Kirchmair
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Lodillinsky C, Langle Y, Guionet A, Góngora A, Baldi A, Sandes EO, Casabé A, Eiján AM. Bacillus Calmette Guerin induces fibroblast activation both directly and through macrophages in a mouse bladder cancer model. PLoS One 2010; 5:e13571. [PMID: 21042580 PMCID: PMC2962635 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0013571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2010] [Accepted: 10/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) is the most effective treatment for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. However, a failure in the initial response or relapse within the first five years of treatment has been observed in 20% of patients. We have previously observed that in vivo administration of an inhibitor of nitric oxide improved the response to BCG of bladder tumor bearing mice. It was described that this effect was due to a replacement of tumor tissue by collagen depots. The aim of the present work was to clarify the mechanism involved in this process. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We demonstrated that BCG induces NIH-3T3 fibroblast proliferation by activating the MAPK and PI3K signaling pathways and also differentiation determined by alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) expression. In vivo, intratumoral inoculation of BCG also increased alpha-SMA and collagen expression. Oral administration of L-NAME enhanced the pro-fibrotic effect of BCG. Peritoneal macrophages obtained from MB49 tumor-bearing mice treated in vivo with combined treatment of BCG with L-NAME also enhanced fibroblast proliferation. We observed that FGF-2 is one of the factors released by BCG-activated macrophages that is able to induce fibroblast proliferation. The involvement of FGF-2 was evidenced using an anti-FGF2 antibody. At the same time, this macrophage population improved wound healing rate in normal mice and FGF-2 expression was also increased in these wounds. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Our findings suggest that fibroblasts are targeted by BCG both directly and through activated macrophages in an immunotherapy context of a bladder murine model. We also described, for the first time, that FGF-2 is involved in a dialog between fibroblasts and macrophages induced after BCG treatment. The fact that L-NAME administration improves the BCG effect on fibroblasts, NO inhibition, might represent a new approach to add to the conventional BCG therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catalina Lodillinsky
- Research Area, Institute of Oncology Angel H. Roffo, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Yanina Langle
- Research Area, Institute of Oncology Angel H. Roffo, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ariel Guionet
- Research Area, Institute of Oncology Angel H. Roffo, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Adrián Góngora
- Molecular Pathology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Biology and Experimental Medicine (IBYME)-National Research Council of Argentina (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alberto Baldi
- Molecular Pathology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Biology and Experimental Medicine (IBYME)-National Research Council of Argentina (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eduardo O. Sandes
- Research Area, Institute of Oncology Angel H. Roffo, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alberto Casabé
- Research Area, Institute of Oncology Angel H. Roffo, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana María Eiján
- Research Area, Institute of Oncology Angel H. Roffo, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Gupta RR, Yoo DJ, Hebert C, Niger C, Stains JP. Induction of an osteocyte-like phenotype by fibroblast growth factor-2. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010; 402:258-64. [PMID: 20934405 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2010] [Accepted: 10/04/2010] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to characterize the molecular phenotype that occurs during the profound morphological shift of cultured osteogenic cells upon treatment with fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF2). A time course of treatment with FGF2 was performed on an osteoblast cell line, primary bone marrow stromal cells and an osteocyte-like cell line. Morphologic changes were recorded, and gene profiling was carried out by real time PCR. By 8h of FGF2 treatment, there is a striking morphological shift of osteoblast and stromal cells to an elongated dendritic-like morphology that is remindful of osteocytes. In osteoblasts treated with FGF2, this morphologic shift is preceded by an induction of several osteocyte markers, including dentin matrix protein 1 (>20-fold) and E11 (>5-fold). There is a transient increase in the gene expression of sclerostin (3.5-fold) and PHEX (2.5-fold). Sclerostin regulation by FGF2 is complex, as gene expression becomes markedly inhibited by FGF2 at times points after 8h of treatment before rebounding at day 12. Analogous modulation of osteocyte markers is seen in bone marrow stromal cells and MLO-Y4 osteocyte-like cells. In conclusion, this study shows that FGF2 can regulate the transition of osteogenic cells towards the osteocyte lineage, as well as, regulate the expression of critical genes in osteocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rishi R Gupta
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Kaji H, Sugimoto T. [Cytokines in bone diseases. Bone anabolic action of PTH and role of cytokine]. Clin Calcium 2010; 20:1555-1561. [PMID: 20890039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) has clinically appeared as a bone anabolic reagent in Japan. Local or systemic factors produced by various cells are involved in the bone anabolic action of PTH. Insulin-like growth factor-1 and fibroblast growth factor 2 are included in them. Although the significance of canonical Wnt signaling has been noted as bone anabolic signal, recent reports indicate that an activation of Wnt signaling through several proteins, such as Dkk1 and sclerostin, are related to the bone anabolic action of PTH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kaji
- Divisions of Diabetes/Endocrinology and Cellular/Molecular Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine
| | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Zhao T, Zhao W, Chen Y, Ahokas RA, Sun Y. Acidic and basic fibroblast growth factors involved in cardiac angiogenesis following infarction. Int J Cardiol 2010; 152:307-13. [PMID: 20674996 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2010.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2010] [Revised: 05/25/2010] [Accepted: 07/04/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Acidic and basic fibroblast growth factors (FGF-1/FGF-2) promote angiogenesis in cancer. Angiogenesis is integral to cardiac repair following myocardial infarction (MI). The potential regulation of FGF-1/FGF-2 in cardiac angiogenesis postMI remains unexplored. Herein, we examined the temporal and spatial expression of FGF-1/FGF-2 and FGF receptors (FGFR) in the infarcted rat heart at days 1, 3, 7, and 14 postMI. FGF-1/-2 gene and protein expression, cells expressing FGF-1/-2 and FGFR expression were examined by quantitative in situ hybridization, RT-PCR; western blot, immunohistochemistry and quantitative in vitro autoradiography. Compared to the normal heart, we found that in the border zone and infarcted myocardium 1) FGF-1 gene expression was increased in the first week postMI and returned to control levels at week 2; FGF-1 protein levels were, however, largely reduced at day 1, then elevated at day 3 peaked at day 7 and declined at day 14; and cells expressing FGF-1 were primarily inflammatory cells; 2) FGF-2 gene expression was significantly elevated from day 1 to day 14; the increase in FGF-2 protein level was most evident at day 7 and cells expressing FGF-2 were primarily endothelial cells; 3) FGFR expression started to increase at day 3 and remained elevated thereafter; and 4) FGF-1/FGF-2 and FGFR expression remained unchanged in the noninfarcted myocardium. Thus, FGF-1/FGF-2 and FGFR expression are enhanced in the infarcted myocardium in the early stage after MI, which is spatially and temporally coincident with angiogenesis, suggesting that FGF-1/FGF-2 are involved in regulating cardiac angiogenesis and repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tieqiang Zhao
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 956 Court Ave., Rm B324, Memphis, TN 38163, United States
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Tsai AC, Pan SL, Liao CH, Guh JH, Wang SW, Sun HL, Liu YN, Chen CC, Shen CC, Chang YL, Teng CM. Moscatilin, a bibenzyl derivative from the India orchid Dendrobrium loddigesii, suppresses tumor angiogenesis and growth in vitro and in vivo. Cancer Lett 2010. [PMID: 20056528 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2009.11.020/0304-3835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Attacking angiogenesis is considered an effective strategy for controls the expansion and metastasis of tumors and other related-diseases. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of moscatilin, a bibenzyl derivative, on VEGF and bFGF-induced angiogenesis in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in vitro and in vivo. Moscatilin significantly inhibited growth of lung cancer cell line A549 (NSCLC) and suppressed growth factor-induced neovascularization. In addition, VEGF- and bFGF-induced cell proliferation, migration, and tube formation of HUVECs was markedly inhibited by moscatilin. Western blotting analysis of cell signaling molecules indicated that moscatilin inhibited ERK1/2, Akt, and eNOS signaling pathways in HUVECs. These results suggest that inhibition of angiogenesis by moscatilin may be a major mechanism in cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- An-Chi Tsai
- Pharmacological Institute, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Hirooka T, Fujiwara Y, Inoue S, Shinkai Y, Yamamoto C, Satoh M, Yasutake A, Eto K, Kaji T. Suppression of fibroblast growth factor-2 expression: possible mechanism underlying methylmercury-induced inhibition of the repair of wounded monolayers of cultured human brain microvascular endothelial cells. J Toxicol Sci 2009; 34:433-9. [PMID: 19652467 DOI: 10.2131/jts.34.433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Vascular toxicity is an important feature of the neuropathy induced by methylmercury. Methylmercury does not cause nonspecific cell damage, but rather retards the repair of wounded monolayers of cultured human brain microvascular endothelial cells by inhibiting their proliferation. Since vascular endothelial cell proliferation during the repair process strongly depends on the fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) system, we investigated the effects of methylmercury on the expression of FGF-2 and related proteins (i.e., FGF receptor 1 and perlecan) in cultured human brain microvascular endothelial cells. Of the mRNAs examined, FGF-2 mRNA expression was significantly lowered by methylmercury in not only wounded monolayers but also dense and sparse cultures of endothelial cells; a lower expression of FGF-2 protein in the cells was confirmed. In addition, exogenous FGF-2 partially abrogated the proliferation-inhibitory effect of methylmercury. The results of this study suggest that suppression of FGF-2 expression is one of the mechanisms underlying the inhibitory effect of methylmercury in damaged endothelial cell monolayers. The FGF-2 system may be one of the important biological systems behind the vascular toxicity of methylmercury.
Collapse
|
42
|
Cuppini C, Ambrogini P, Lattanzi D, Ciuffoli S, Cuppini R. FGF2 modulates the voltage-dependent K+ current and changes excitability of rat dentate gyrus granule cells. Neurosci Lett 2009; 462:203-6. [PMID: 19616069 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2009.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2009] [Revised: 07/03/2009] [Accepted: 07/10/2009] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) is involved in hippocampus-dependent learning. In this study, the effects of FGF2 on the excitability were investigated in granule cells of rat dentate gyrus. Hippocampal slices were used to perform patch clamp recordings in granule cells. Extracellularly applied FGF2 early quenched the depolarization-induced repetitive firing, suggesting a decreased excitability under these conditions. Consistently, transient and sustained voltage-gated K(+) currents decreased in a dose-dependent manner, repolarization phase of action potential was slowed down, afterhyperpolarization was reduced, and membrane resistance was decreased. These effects were not mediated by tyrosine kinase FGF2 receptors. Moreover, an involvement of G protein signaling was ruled out, as well as an intracellular action of FGF2. Considering the relationship between FGF2 and hippocampal functions, the modulation of neuron excitability by activity-driven FGF2 release may be regarded as a part of a homeostatic mechanism of self-regulation of hippocampal activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carla Cuppini
- Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Uomo, dell'Ambiente e della Natura-Sezione di Fisiologia, Università degli Studi di Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Zong F, Fthenou E, Wolmer N, Hollósi P, Kovalszky I, Szilák L, Mogler C, Nilsonne G, Tzanakakis G, Dobra K. Syndecan-1 and FGF-2, but not FGF receptor-1, share a common transport route and co-localize with heparanase in the nuclei of mesenchymal tumor cells. PLoS One 2009; 4:e7346. [PMID: 19802384 PMCID: PMC2750749 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0007346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2009] [Accepted: 09/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Syndecan-1 forms complexes with growth factors and their cognate receptors in the cell membrane. We have previously reported a tubulin-mediated translocation of syndecan-1 to the nucleus. The transport route and functional significance of nuclear syndecan-1 is still incompletely understood. Here we investigate the sub-cellular distribution of syndecan-1, FGF-2, FGFR-1 and heparanase in malignant mesenchymal tumor cells, and explore the possibility of their coordinated translocation to the nucleus. To elucidate a structural requirement for this nuclear transport, we have transfected cells with a syndecan-1/EGFP construct or with a short truncated version containing only the tubulin binding RMKKK sequence. The sub-cellular distribution of the EGFP fusion proteins was monitored by fluorescence microscopy. Our data indicate that syndecan-1, FGF-2 and heparanase co-localize in the nucleus, whereas FGFR-1 is enriched mainly in the perinuclear area. Overexpression of syndecan-1 results in increased nuclear accumulation of FGF-2, demonstrating the functional importance of syndecan-1 for this nuclear transport. Interestingly, exogenously added FGF-2 does not follow the route taken by endogenous FGF-2. Furthermore, we prove that the RMKKK sequence of syndecan-1 is necessary and sufficient for nuclear translocation, acting as a nuclear localization signal, and the Arginine residue is vital for this localization. We conclude that syndecan-1 and FGF-2, but not FGFR-1 share a common transport route and co-localize with heparanase in the nucleus, and this transport is mediated by the RMKKK motif in syndecan-1. Our study opens a new perspective in the proteoglycan field and provides more evidence of nuclear interactions of syndecan-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Zong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Huddinge University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Eleni Fthenou
- Department of Histology, Division of Morphology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Nina Wolmer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Huddinge University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Péter Hollósi
- 1st Institute of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ilona Kovalszky
- 1st Institute of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Szilák
- 1st Institute of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University Budapest, Hungary
| | - Carolin Mogler
- Department of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gustav Nilsonne
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Huddinge University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Georgios Tzanakakis
- Department of Histology, Division of Morphology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Katalin Dobra
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Huddinge University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Miyamoto A, Shirasuna K, Sasahara K. Local regulation of corpus luteum development and regression in the cow: Impact of angiogenic and vasoactive factors. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2009; 37:159-69. [PMID: 19592192 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2009.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2009] [Revised: 04/18/2009] [Accepted: 04/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The corpus luteum (CL) of the estrous cycle in the cow is a dynamic organ which has a life time of approximately 17-18 days. The main function of the CL is to secrete a large amount of progesterone (P) thereby supporting the achievement of pregnancy. As the CL matures, the steroidogenic cells establish contact with many capillaries and the matured CL is composed of many vascular endothelial cells that account for up to 50% of all CL cells. The bovine CL produces several major angiogenic and vasoactive foctors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), angiopoietin-1 and -2 (ANPT-1 and -2), prostaglandin F(2alpha) (PGF(2alpha)), endothelin-1 (EDN1), angiotensin II (Ang II) and nitric oxide (NO). These factors regulate P secretion directly and/or indirectly within the CL. Moreover, different actions of PGF(2alpha) in the early cycle CL (non-luteolytic) and the mid cycle CL (luteolytic) may provide insight into the luteolysis cascade in the cow. The aim of the present review is to describe the current concepts of the local mechanisms for the cascade of development and regression of the bovine CL as regulated by luteal angiogenic and vasoactive factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Miyamoto
- Graduate School of Animal and Food Hygiene, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555, Japan.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Higgins S, Wong SHX, Richner M, Rowe CL, Newgreen DF, Werther GA, Russo VC. Fibroblast growth factor 2 reactivates G1 checkpoint in SK-N-MC cells via regulation of p21, inhibitor of differentiation genes (Id1-3), and epithelium-mesenchyme transition-like events. Endocrinology 2009; 150:4044-55. [PMID: 19477940 DOI: 10.1210/en.2008-1797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We have recently demonstrated that fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2 promotes neuroblastoma cell differentiation and overrides their mitogenic response to IGF-I. However, the mechanisms involved are unknown. SK-N-MC cells were cultured with FGF-2 (50 ng/ml) and/or IGF-I (100 ng/ml) up to 48 h. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis indicated that FGF-2 promotes G1/G0 cell cycle phase arrest. Gene expression by RT2-PCR and cellular localization showed up-regulation of p21. We then investigated whether FGF-2-induced differentiation of SK-N-MC cells (by GAP43 and NeuroD-6 expression) involves epithelium-mesenchyme transition interconversion. Real-time PCR (RT2-PCR) showed modulation of genes involved in maintenance of the epithelial phenotype and cell-matrix interactions (E-cadherin, Snail-1, MMPs). Zymography confirmed FGF-2 up-regulated MMP2 and induced MMP9, known to contribute to neuronal differentiation and neurite extension. Id1-3 expression was determined by RT2-PCR. FGF-2 induced Id2, while down-regulating Id1 and Id3. FGF-2 induced nuclear accumulation of ID2 protein, while ID1 and ID3 remained cytoplasmic. RNA interference demonstrated that Id3 regulates differentiation and cell cycle (increased Neuro-D6 and p21 mRNA), while d Id2 modulates epithelium-mesenchyme transition-like events (increased E-cadherin mRNA). In conclusion, we have shown for the first time that FGF-2 induces differentiation of neuroblastoma cells via activation of a complex gene expression program enabling modulation of cell cycle, transcription factors, and suppression of the cancer phenotype. The use of RNA interference indicated that Id-3 is a key regulator of these events, thus pointing to a novel therapeutic target for this devastating childhood cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Higgins
- Centre for Hormone Research, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Abstract
Thyroid epithelial cells are known to produce several growth factors and cytokines which influence thyroid cell growth and function in an autocrine and/or paracrine manner. It is already known that insulin-like growth factor I (IGF I) is overexpressed in toxic adenomas whereas epidermal growth factor (EGF) is found predominantly in thyroid neoplasia. We now investigated the expression of bFGF by immunohistochemistry in thyroid tissue of patients with toxic adenoma (n = 27), cold nodules (n = 27) and for comparison in Graves' disease (n = 5). In addition bcl-2-oncoprotein expression in these tissues were also detected by immunohistochemistry. Most of bFGF immunostaining was found in the connective tissue of all thyroid tissues with a predominance in adenomas and in Graves' diseases. The collagen surrounding the thyroid follicles close to their basal membrane were homogeneously and intensively stained. All the cytoplasm of fibroblast in the connective tissue were strongly positive. Within the cytoplasm of only 2-10% thyroid epithelial cells bFGF immunostaining was found without any difference between toxic adenomas or cold nodules. In the tissue of patients with Graves' disease, less than 2% of thyrocytes were stained. All thyroid epithelial cell showed clearly an immunostaining for bcl-2-oncoprotein in nodular goiter as well as Graves' disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Gärtner
- Medizinische Klinik, Universität München, Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is associated with typical patterns of long term vascular complications which vary with the organ involved. The microvascular kidney disease (Olgemoller and Schleicher, 1993) is characterized by thickening of the capillary basement membranes and increased deposition of extracellular matrix components (ECM), while loss of microvessels with subsequent neovascularisation is predominant in the eye and peripheral nerves. On the other hand macrovascular disease is characterized by accelerated atherosclerosis. These complications are dependent on long term hyperglycemia. Specific biochemical pathways linking hyperglycaemia to microvascular changes were proposed: the polyol pathway (Greene et al., 1987), non-enzymatic glycation of proteins (Brownlee et al., 1988), glucose autooxidation and oxidative stress (Hunt et al., 1990), hyperglycemic pseudohypoxia (Williamson et al., 1993) enhanced activation of protein kinase C by de novo-synthesis of diacyl glycerol (Lee et al., 1989; DeRubertis and Craven 1994) and others. These pathways are not mutually exclusive (Larkins and Dunlop, 1992; Pfeiffer and Schatz, 1992). They may be linked to alterations in the synthesis of growth factors particularly since atherosclerosis and angioneogenesis are associated with increased proliferation of endothelial and smooth muscle cells. Increased synthesis of ECM components is stimulated by growth factors like transforming growth factor beta (TGF beta) (Derynck et al., 1984) and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) (Moran et al., 1991). This review will summarize some of the recent evidence for an involvement of growth factors in diabetic vascular complications and will attempt to assign their emergence in the sequence of events leading to vascular complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Pfeiffer
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Ruhr-Universität, Bochum, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Shin HY, Schwartz EA, Bizios R, Gerritsen ME. Receptor-Mediated Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor Signaling Regulates Cyclic Pressure–Induced Human Endothelial Cell Proliferation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 11:285-91. [PMID: 15763948 DOI: 10.1080/10623320490904205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial cells sense and respond to pressure by molecular mechanism(s) which, to date, remain poorly understood. The present study investigated basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) signaling as a putative mechanotransduction pathway involved in the proliferative responses of human umbilical vein endothelia cells (HUVECs) to 60/20 mm Hg cyclic pressure at 1 Hz for 24 h. Under these conditions, the enhanced proliferative response of these HUVECs was not associated with an increased synthesis/release of bFGF, but involved rapid (within 30 min from the onset of exposure to pressure) tyrosine phosphorylation of the bFGF receptor, FGFR-2. Furthermore, monoclonal antibodies to either bFGF or FGFR-2 attenuated the increased proliferation of HUVECs exposed to 60/20 mm Hg cyclic pressure. HUVECs proliferation under 60/20 mm Hg at 1 Hz cyclic pressure is, therefore, dependent upon bFGF and involves FGFR-2 activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hainsworth Y Shin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180-3590, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Azhar M, Yin M, Zhou M, Li H, Mustafa M, Nusayr E, Keenan JB, Chen H, Pawlosky S, Gard C, Grisham C, Sanford LP, Doetschman T. Gene targeted ablation of high molecular weight fibroblast growth factor-2. Dev Dyn 2009; 238:351-7. [PMID: 19105223 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.21835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF2) is produced as high molecular weight isoforms (HMW) and a low molecular weight isoform (LMW) by means of alternative usage of translation start sites in a single Fgf2 mRNA. Although the physiological function of FGF2 and FGF2 LMW has been investigated in myocardial capillarogenesis during normal cardiac growth, the role of FGF2 HMW has not been determined. Here, we report the generation of FGF2 HMW-deficient mice in which FGF2 HMW isoforms are ablated by the Tag-and-Exchange gene targeting technique. These mice are normal and fertile with normal fecundity, and have a normal life span. Histological, immunohistochemical, and morphometric analyses indicate normal myocardial architecture, blood vessel, and cardiac capillary density in young adult FGF2 HMW-deficient mice. These mice along with the FGF2- and FGF2 LMW-deficient mice that we have generated previously will be very useful for elucidating the differential functions of FGF2 isoforms in pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Azhar
- BIO5 Institute, and Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) belongs to a family of heparin-binding polypeptides and shows multiple functions including cell proliferation, differentiation, survival and motility. The expression of FGF receptors is widely distributed on different hematopoietic progenitor cells and stromal cells, and FGFs play an important role in hematopoietic stem cell homeostasis. FGFs have been shown to sustain the proliferation of hematopoietic progenitor cells, maintaining their primitive phenotype. Basic FGF (bFGF, FGF-2) stimulates the formation of an adherent stromal cell layer in human long-term bone marrow cultures, and promotes hematopoietic cell development. FGF-2 has also been shown to synergize with other hematopoietic growth factors to enhance in vitro colony formation by several classes of hematopoietic progenitor cells. Results of ex vivo expansion and clinical trials to date suggest that hematopoietic cells cultured under stroma-free cytokine combination conditions may be insufficient to restore hematopoiesis after a myeloablative conditioning regimen, although some recent trials demonstrated an improvement in engraftment and a reduction of the period of pancytopenia, especially neutrophils and platelets, after transplantation. A recent study by our group demonstrated that FGF-2 is effective in supporting the generation of megakaryocytic progenitor cells during ex vivo expansion. These observations could be useful in reducing the long period of severe thrombocytopenia that occurs frequently after umbilical/placental cord blood transplantation. The development of more effective amplifying systems for hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells can be expected since FGFs have multiple functions in hematopoiesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ikuo Kashiwakura
- Department of Radiological Technology, Hirosaki University School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan.
| | | |
Collapse
|