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Stoyanova-Ivanova A, Petrov V, Martins JNR, Andreeva L, Georgiev V. Multi-Force Bio-Active™ Archwires and Various Contemporary NiTi Multi-Force Archwires: Properties and Characteristics-A Review. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:2603. [PMID: 38893867 PMCID: PMC11174049 DOI: 10.3390/ma17112603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
The manufacturing of orthodontic archwires made from NiTi alloy has undergone numerous changes from the second half of the last century to modern times. Initially, superelastic-active austenitic NiTi alloys were predominant, followed by thermodynamic-active martensitic NiTi alloys, and, finally, the most recent development was graded thermodynamic alloys. These advancements have been the subject of extensive investigation in numerous studies, as they necessitated a deeper understanding of their properties. Furthermore, it is imperative that we validate the information provided by manufacturers regarding these archwires through independent studies. This review evaluates existing studies on the subject with a specific focus on the Bio-active multi-force NiTi archwire, by examining its mechanical, thermal, and physicochemical properties before and after clinical use. This archwire consists primarily of Ni and Ti, with traces of Fe and Cr, which release graduated, biologically tolerable forces which increase in a front-to-back direction and are affected by the temperature of the environment they are in. The review provides information to practicing orthodontists, facilitating informed decisions regarding the selection and use of Bio-active™ archwires for individual patient treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelina Stoyanova-Ivanova
- G. Nadjakov Institute of Solid State Physics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 72 Tzarigradsko Chaussee, 1784 Sofia, Bulgaria; (A.S.-I.); (V.G.)
| | - Valeri Petrov
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, St. G. Sofiiski Blvd., 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria; (V.P.); (L.A.)
| | - Jorge N. R. Martins
- Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1600-277 Lisboa, Portugal
- LIBPhys-FCT UID/FIS/04559/2013, 1600-277 Lisboa, Portugal
- Grupo de Investigação em Bioquimica e Biologia Oral (GIBBO), Unidade de Investigação em Ciências Orais e Biomédicas (UICOB), 1600-277 Lisboa, Portugal
- Centro de Estudos de Medicina Dentária Baseada na Evidência (CEMDBE), 1600-277 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Laura Andreeva
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, St. G. Sofiiski Blvd., 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria; (V.P.); (L.A.)
| | - Velizar Georgiev
- G. Nadjakov Institute of Solid State Physics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 72 Tzarigradsko Chaussee, 1784 Sofia, Bulgaria; (A.S.-I.); (V.G.)
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Yildirim M, Mutlu I, Candan Z. Development and characterization of smart composites reinforced with fibrillated cellulose and nickel-titanium alloy. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 267:131189. [PMID: 38554924 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
The current study presents the synergistic effects of fibrillated cellulose (FC) and nickel-titanium (NiTi) alloy on the performance properties of smart composites. Epoxy resin was reinforced with loadings of 1 %, 3 %, and 5 % FC and 3 % NiTi. The composites were produced using the casting method. The morphological properties have been analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). For mechanical properties, yield strength, modulus of elasticity, hardness, and impact energy were determined. The corrosion rate was determined via electrochemical corrosion testing. The recovery test was used to measure the shape-memory of the composites. The self-healing of the artificial defect in the composites was observed using a thermal camera. The yield strength, modulus of elasticity, hardness, and impact energy of composites reinforced with 5 % FC and 3 % NiTi increased by 168.2 %, 290 %, 33.3 %, and 114.3 %, respectively, compared to pure epoxy resin. There has been a 56.3 % decrease in the corrosion rate. The percentage of composites that returned from the final state to the original state after a deformation was 4 %. Self-healing analysis revealed that the scratch defect in composites was healed after 24 h. It is concluded that smart composites can be used in the aviation and automotive industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mert Yildirim
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Istanbul Gelisim University, 34310 Istanbul, Türkiye; New Generation Entrepreneurship and Innovation Application and Research Center, Istanbul Gelisim University, Istanbul, Türkiye.
| | - Ilven Mutlu
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, 34320 Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Zeki Candan
- Department of Forest Industrial Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, 34473 Istanbul, Türkiye; Biomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Group & BioNanoTeam, Istanbul, Türkiye
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3
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Shaik I, Dasari B, Alapati S, Dhavala PC, Tiwari R, Tiwari HD. Effect of Sterilization and Irrigating Solutions on Nanostructure Alteration of Ni-Ti Rotary Instruments in Endodontics: An Atomic Force Microscopic Study. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND BIOALLIED SCIENCES 2024; 16:S613-S618. [PMID: 38595475 PMCID: PMC11000945 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_891_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim This study aimed to evaluate the effect of 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and sterilization on the nanostructural alteration of nickel titanium (Ni-Ti) rotary file systems in endodontics using the atomic force microscopy (AFM). Materials and Methods The study was performed on four commercially available rotary Ni-Ti files: group I-Vortex Blue (Dentsply), group II-ProTaper Next (Dentsply), group III-Mtwo (VDW), and group IV-iRaCe (FKG). Each group was divided into four subgroups (n = 4), that is, subgroup A-control (new rotary file), subgroup B-subjected for five cycles of autoclave, subgroup C-immersed in 5.25% NaOCl for 5 minutes, and subgroup D-immersed in 17% EDTA solutions for 5 minutes. All the specimens were evaluated with AFM using roughness average (RA) and root-mean-square (RMS) values for surface roughness. Results Among control groups, Vortex Blue showed the least RA and RMS values; the highest surface roughness was seen with Mtwo files. All the Ni-Ti rotary files showed a statistically significant (P <0.05) increase in surface hardness when subjected to autoclave and treatment with different irrigating solutions. In particular, 17% EDTA caused the highest surface deterioration in all the groups. Conclusion AFM analysis revealed increased surface roughness values recorded for all the rotary files when treated with irrigating solutions and autoclave cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izaz Shaik
- Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | | | | | - Padma C. Dhavala
- Drs. Sudha and Nageswar Rao Sidhartha Institute of Dental Sciences, Gannavaram, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Rahul Tiwari
- PhD Scholar, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Narsinhbhai Patel Dental College and Hospital, Sankalchand Patel University, Visnagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Heena Dixit Tiwari
- MPH, Rashtriya Kishore Swasthya Karyakram Consultant, District Medical and Health Office, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Stoyanova-Ivanova A, Georgieva M, Petrov V, Martins JNR, Andreeva L, Petkov A, Petrova N, Georgiev V. Thermal Behavior Changes of As-Received and Retrieved Bio-Active ® (BA) and TriTanium ® (TR) Multiforce Nickel-Titanium Orthodontic Archwires. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:ma16103776. [PMID: 37241402 DOI: 10.3390/ma16103776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Multiforce nickel-titanium (NiTi) orthodontic archwires release progressively increasing forces in a front-to-back direction along their length. The properties of NiTi orthodontic archwires depend on the correlation and characteristics of their microstructural phases (austenite, martensite and the intermediate R-phase). From a clinical and manufacturing point of view, the determination of the austenite finish (Af) temperature is of the greatest importance, as in the austenitic phase, the alloy is most stable and exhibits the final workable form. The main purpose of using multiforce orthodontic archwires is to decrease the intensity of the applied forces to the teeth with a small root surface area, such as the lower central incisors, and also provide forces high enough to move the molars. With the optimally dosed forces of multiforce orthodontic archwires in the frontal, premolar and molar segments, the feeling of pain can be reduced. This will contribute to the greater cooperation of the patient, which is of utmost importance to achieve optimal results. The aim of this research was to determine the Af temperature at each segment of as-received and retrieved Bio-Active® and TriTanium® archwires with dimensions of 0.016 × 0.022 inches, investigated by the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) method. A classical Kruskal-Wallis one-way ANOVA test and multi-variance comparison based on the ANOVA test statistic using the Bonferroni corrected Mann-Whitney test for multiple comparisons were used. The incisor, premolar and molar segments have different Af temperatures, and they decrease from the anterior to posterior so that the posterior segment has the lowest Af. Bio-Active® and TriTanium® with dimensions of 0.016 × 0.022 inches can be used as first leveling archwires by additional cooling and are not recommended for use on patients with mouth breathing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelina Stoyanova-Ivanova
- G. Nadjakov Institute of Solid State Physics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 72 Tzarigradsko Chaussee, 1784 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Mirela Georgieva
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, St. G. Sofiiski Blvd., 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Valeri Petrov
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, St. G. Sofiiski Blvd., 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Jorge N R Martins
- Department of Endodontics, Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade de Lisboa, Rua Professora Teresa Ambrósio, 1600-277 Lisboa, Portugal
- Grupo de Investigação em Bioquimica e Biologia Oral, Unidade de Investigação em Ciências Orais e Biomédicas (UICOB), 1600-277 Lisboa, Portugal
- Centro de Estudo de Medicina Dentária Baseada na Evidência (CEMDBE), 1600-277 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Laura Andreeva
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, St. G. Sofiiski Blvd., 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Alexander Petkov
- H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TL, UK
| | - Nadia Petrova
- Institute of Mineralogy and Crystallography "Acad. Ivan Kostov", Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, "Acad. Georgi Bonchev" Str. 107, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Velizar Georgiev
- G. Nadjakov Institute of Solid State Physics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 72 Tzarigradsko Chaussee, 1784 Sofia, Bulgaria
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5
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Mani G, Porter D, Grove K, Collins S, Ornberg A, Shulfer R. Surface finishing of Nitinol for implantable medical devices: A review. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2022; 110:2763-2778. [PMID: 35729868 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.35112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Nitinol (NiTi), a nickel-titanium alloy, has been used for various cardiovascular, orthopedic, fracture fixation, and orthodontic devices. As with most other metallic biomaterials, the corrosion resistance and biocompatibility of NiTi are primarily determined by the properties of the surface oxide layer such as thickness, chemical composition, structure, uniformity, and stability. Currently, a number of finishing methods are used to improve the properties of surface oxide of NiTi with an ultimate goal to produce a defect-free, impurity-free, thin homogeneous oxide layer that is stable and composed of only titanium dioxide (TiO2 ) with negligible amount of Ni species. This review discusses the effects of various surface finishing methods such as mechanical polishing, electropolishing, magnetoelectropolishing, heat treatments at different temperatures, passivation, chemical etching, boiling in water, hydrogen peroxide treatment, and sterilization techniques (steam autoclave, ethylene oxide, dry heat, peracetic acid, and plasma-based treatments) on the properties of a surface oxide layer and how it impacts the corrosion resistance of NiTi. Considering the findings of the literature review, a checklist has been provided to assist with choosing finishing/sterilization methods and relevant rationale and recommendations to consider when selecting a surface finishing process for NiTi used in implantable medical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopinath Mani
- Division of Science and Technology, Abbott, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Deanna Porter
- Division of Science and Technology, Abbott, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Kent Grove
- Division of Science and Technology, Abbott, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Shell Collins
- Division of Science and Technology, Abbott, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Andreas Ornberg
- Division of Science and Technology, Abbott, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Robert Shulfer
- Division of Science and Technology, Abbott, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
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6
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Biomedical NiTi and β-Ti Alloys: From Composition, Microstructure and Thermo-Mechanics to Application. METALS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/met12030406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive, bottoms-up characterization of two of the most widely used biomedical Ti-containing alloys, NiTi and β-Ti, was carried out applying a novel combination of neutron diffraction, neutron prompt-gamma activation, surface morphology, thermal analysis and mechanical tests, to relate composition, microstructure and physical-chemical-mechanical properties to unknown processing history. The commercial specimens studied are rectangular (0.43 × 0.64 mm~0.017 × 0.025 inch) wires, in both pre-formed U-shape and straight extended form. Practical performance was quantitatively linked to the influence of alloying elements, microstructure and thermo-mechanical processing. Results demonstrated that the microstructure and phase composition of β-Ti strongly depended on the composition, phase-stabilizing elements in particular, in that the 10.2 wt.% Mo content in Azdent resulted in 41.2% α phase, while Ormco with 11.6 wt.% Mo contained only β phase. Although the existence of α phase is probable in the meta-stable alloy, the α phase has never been quantified before. Further, the phase transformation behavior of NiTi directly arose from the microstructure, whilst being highly influenced by thermo-mechanical history. A strong correlation (r = 0.878) was established between phase transformation temperature and the force levels observed in bending test at body temperature, reconfirming that structure determines performance, while also being highly influenced by thermo-mechanical history. The novel methodology described is evidenced as generating a predictive profile of the eventual biomechanical properties and practical performance of the commercial materials. Overall, the work encompasses a reproducible and comprehensive approach expected to aid in future optimization and rational design of devices of metallic origin.
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7
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Dong J, Pacella M, Liu Y, Zhao L. Surface engineering and the application of laser-based processes to stents - A review of the latest development. Bioact Mater 2021; 10:159-184. [PMID: 34901537 PMCID: PMC8636930 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Late in-stent thrombus and restenosis still represent two major challenges in stents’ design. Surface treatment of stent is attracting attention due to the increasing importance of stenting intervention for coronary artery diseases. Several surface engineering techniques have been utilised to improve the biological response in vivo on a wide range of biomedical devices. As a tailorable, precise, and ultra-fast process, laser surface engineering offers the potential to treat stent materials and fabricate various 3D textures, including grooves, pillars, nanowires, porous and freeform structures, while also modifying surface chemistry through nitridation, oxidation and coatings. Laser-based processes can reduce the biodegradable materials' degradation rate, offering many advantages to improve stents’ performance, such as increased endothelialisation rate, prohibition of SMC proliferation, reduced platelet adhesion and controlled corrosion and degradation. Nowadays, adequate research has been conducted on laser surface texturing and surface chemistry modification. Laser texturing on commercial stents has been also investigated and a promotion of performance of laser-textured stents has been proved. In this critical review, the influence of surface texture and surface chemistry on stents performance is firstly reviewed to understand the surface characteristics of stents required to facilitate cellular response. This is followed by the explicit illustration of laser surface engineering of stents and/or related materials. Laser induced periodic surface structure (LIPSS) on stent materials is then explored, and finally the application of laser surface modification techniques on latest generation of stent devices is highlighted to provide future trends and research direction on laser surface engineering of stents. Compared conventional surface engineering with laser-based methods for biomedical devices. Explained the influence of texture geometry and surface chemistry on stents biological response. Reviewed state of the art in laser surface engineering of stents for improved biological response. Reviewed state of the art in laser surface engineering to control degradation of bioresorbable stents. Highlighted novel laser surface engineering designs for improved stents'performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Dong
- Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - M Pacella
- Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Y Liu
- Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UK.,Centre for Biological Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - L Zhao
- Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UK
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8
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Pound BG. The passive behavior of biomedical alloys in simulated physiological solutions. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2021; 110:768-775. [PMID: 34632699 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Passive alloys are commonly considered to exhibit a current that is essentially independent of potential over the passive range in neutral chloride solutions. However, the current-potential dependence of Ti and its alloys, CoCr alloys, and 316L stainless steel in buffered, simulated physiological solutions containing phosphate differs from that usually reported for the alloys in chloride-only solutions. An analysis of potentiodynamic polarization data from previous studies showed that these alloys typically exhibit an exponential dependence of current on potential-as reflected by Tafel-type behavior-over the initial part of the passive range in buffered solutions. This behavior is consistent with that predicted by the Generalized Growth Model for film growth and dissolution in the case of thin films where cation migration through the film is the rate-controlling step and where the anodic current is associated predominantly with dissolution. Film growth is thought to be impeded in the buffered solutions, allowing the rate of migration and hence dissolution to remain relatively high over a wider potential range. Analysis of the apparent Tafel slopes indicated that the Ti and CoCr alloys exhibit a similar corrosion mechanism, with a small difference in the slopes for the two groups of alloys being attributable to the difference in the type of oxide. Stainless steel 316L exhibits a distinctly higher apparent Tafel slope, which is likely associated in large part with the duplex nature of the oxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce G Pound
- Materials and Corrosion Engineering, Exponent, Menlo Park, California, USA
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9
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Tsukada J, Mela P, Jinzaki M, Tsukada H, Schmitz-Rode T, Vogt F. Development of In Vitro Endothelialised Stents - Review. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 18:179-197. [PMID: 34403073 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10238-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Endovascular treatment is prevalent as a primary treatment for coronary and peripheral arterial diseases. Although the introduction of drug-eluting stents (DES) dramatically reduced the risk of in-stent restenosis, stent thrombosis persists as an issue. Notwithstanding improvements in newer generation DES, they are yet to address the urgent clinical need to abolish the late stent complications that result from in-stent restenosis and are associated with late thrombus formation. These often lead to acute coronary syndromes with high mortality in coronary artery disease and acute limb ischemia with a high risk of limb amputation in peripheral arterial disease. Recently, a significant amount of research has focused on alternative solutions to improve stent biocompatibility by using tissue engineering. There are two types of tissue engineering endothelialisation methods: in vitro and in vivo. To date, commercially available in vivo endothelialised stents have failed to demonstrate antithrombotic or anti-stenosis efficacy in clinical trials. In contrast, the in vitro endothelialisation methods exhibit the advantage of monitoring cell type and growth prior to implantation, enabling better quality control. The present review discusses tissue-engineered candidate stents constructed by distinct in vitro endothelialisation approaches, with a particular focus on fabrication processes, including cell source selection, stent material composition, stent surface modifications, efficacy and safety evidence from in vitro and in vivo studies, and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitsuro Tsukada
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1, Oyaguchikamicho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan. .,Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35, Shinanomachi, Shinjyuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
| | - P Mela
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstr. 15, Garching, Munich, 85748, Germany
| | - M Jinzaki
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35, Shinanomachi, Shinjyuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - H Tsukada
- Department of Surgery II, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1, Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
| | - T Schmitz-Rode
- AME - Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, Helmholtz Institute, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, Aachen, 52074, Germany
| | - F Vogt
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, Aachen, 52074, Germany
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Zafar MS. Impact of Endodontic Instrumentation on Surface Roughness of Various Nickel-Titanium Rotary Files. Eur J Dent 2021; 15:273-280. [PMID: 33111285 PMCID: PMC8184277 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1718469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study was to evaluate the surface roughness (SR) of various nickel-titanium (NiTi) rotary endodontic instruments (ProTaper Next [PTN], WaveOne Gold [WOG], and ProTaper Gold [PTG]) before and after root canal instrumentation. MATERIALS AND METHODS For each type (PTN, WOG, and PTG), the endodontic instrumentation was performed using extracted mandibular molar teeth's curved mesial root canals (curvature: 20-40 degrees) after determining the working length. Each NiTi file was cleaned, and sterilized following preparation of four root canals and characterized for surface properties before and after endodontic instrumentation using a contact-mode three-dimensional surface profiler. The data were analyzed statistically using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences for SR parameters including average surface roughness value (Sa), root mean square roughness (Sq), and peak to valley height (Sz). RESULTS Preinstrumentation assessment revealed a significant difference for all the three SR variables (p < 0.05) for the cutting blade and the flute area. WOG instruments showed the highest SR values (p = 0.000). The postinstrumentation assessment revealed significant differences in SR values in the blade and the flute between the three groups (p < 0.05), with WOG and PTG exhibiting the highest values in the blade and flute sections, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The SR parameters of intact PTN, WOG, and PTG NiTi files vary and that was increased following the endodontic instrumentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Sohail Zafar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Madinah Al-Munawarah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Dental Materials, Islamic International Dental College, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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11
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Rosenbloom SN, Kumar P, Lasley C. The role of surface oxide thickness and structure on the corrosion and nickel elution behavior of nitinol biomedical implants. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2021; 109:1334-1343. [PMID: 33410251 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Biocompatibility is an important factor for metallic medical device implants, and corrosion resistance of implantable alloys is one aspect of biocompatibility. Corrosion behavior of nitinol is strongly dependent upon the nature of the surface oxide, which forms during processing. The surface oxide is comprised of a mixture of titanium and nickel oxides, and subsequent thermal exposure (e.g., during shape setting) and surface removal (e.g., electropolishing, mechanical polishing, etching, etc.) influence its structure. Corrosion behavior is often assessed through testing methods such as cyclic potentiodynamic polarization (e.g., ASTM F2129) and nickel ion release. Studies have suggested that a correlation exists between oxide thickness and nickel ion release, with thicker oxides eluting more nickel. It is hypothesized that the composition of the surface oxide, and not only its thickness, influences the corrosion performance of nitinol. To investigate this, nitinol wire samples were processed to produce surface oxides with different structures both in terms of thickness and composition. These samples were tested per ASTM F2129 and nickel ion release testing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Parikshith Kumar
- Medical Products Division, W.L. Gore & Associates, Inc., Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
| | - Christopher Lasley
- Medical Products Division, W.L. Gore & Associates, Inc., Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
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12
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Yoneyama T, Hanawa T. Reduction in nickel content of the surface oxide layer on Ni-Ti alloy by electrolytic treatment. J Oral Sci 2020; 63:50-53. [PMID: 33177275 DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.20-0239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Ni-Ti alloy has been increasingly applied to dental and medical devices, however, it contains nickel, which is known to have adverse effects on the human body. The purpose of this study was to form a nickel-free surface oxide layer on Ni-Ti alloy by electrolytic treatment for better biocompatibility. METHODS Ni-49.15Ti (mol%) alloy was used, and the electrolytic treatment was performed in the electrolytes under 50 V for 30 minutes. The electrolytes were composed of lactic acid, water, and glycerol with different compositions. Surface analysis and characterization of Ni-Ti alloy were carried out by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES). RESULTS Results indicated that the outmost surface oxide layer was nickel-free when using an electrolyte comprising 7.1% lactic acid, 57.2% water, and 35.7% glycerol by volume. The composition of this nickel-free surface oxide layer was determined as TiO1.92(OH)1.35 ∙ 0.43H2O by XPS, similar to that of unalloyed titanium. The thickness of this nickel-free layer was estimated at 6.4 nm by AES. CONCLUSION The nickel-free surface oxide layer produced on Ni-Ti alloy is considered to improve the biocompatibility of medical and dental devices having shape memory effect and/or super-elasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Yoneyama
- Department of Dental Materials, Nihon University School of Dentistry.,Division of Biomaterials Science, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry
| | - Takao Hanawa
- Department of Metallic Biomaterials, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
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Nagaraja S, Pelton AR. Corrosion resistance of a Nitinol ocular microstent: Implications on biocompatibility. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2020; 108:2681-2690. [PMID: 32159908 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Nitinol is commonly used in medical implants due to its unique thermomechanical properties of shape memory and superelasticity. Free nickel has the potential to induce biological responses that may be a concern for permanent implants manufactured from nickel-containing alloys. Although there are extensive reports on the effects of surface treatments on corrosion behavior in cardiovascular Nitinol implants, there is a lack of data on corrosion resistance and impact on biocompatibility for ocular implants. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine localized corrosion and nickel elution resistance of an electropolished Nitinol-based ocular device (Hydrus Microstent, Ivantis, Inc.) intended for patients with primary open angle glaucoma. Pitting corrosion susceptibility was characterized by potentiodynamic polarization testing per ASTM F2129. In addition, nickel ion release was quantified with immersion testing to 63 days. The results indicated high localized corrosion resistance as all samples reached polarization potentials of 800 mV without pitting initiation. Maximum nickel elution rates per device were less than approximately 1.1 ng/device/day after the first day of immersion and reduced to less than 0.1 ng/device/day after 7 days. For a patient with bilateral microstents, these nickel concentrations are ×10,000 lower than previously published tolerable intake levels for systemic toxicity. Overall, these corrosion results are in good agreement with literature values of well processed and biocompatible Nitinol devices indicating adverse systemic biological responses are not expected in vivo.
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14
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Sun F, Jordan L, Albin V, Lair V, Ringuedé A, Prima F. On the High Sensitivity of Corrosion Resistance of NiTi Stents with Respect to Inclusions: An Experimental Evidence. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:3073-3079. [PMID: 32095730 PMCID: PMC7033967 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b04312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the electrochemical breakdown potentials (E b) of NiTi stents were assessed in correlation to their nonmetallic inclusion fractions in the extra low inclusion (ELI) range (inclu.% < 1% in area fraction, average size <39 μm). Quantitative investigations were performed to study the role of nonmetallic inclusions during pitting corrosion. Two stent samples with different inclusion fractions were fabricated using commercial NiTi tubes for studying the corrosion and mechanism. A survey of seven commercial stents in Europe was also conducted. Dependence was observed between the breakdown potentials and the inclusion fractions in the ELI stent (inclu.% = 0.2-0.8%), in which the breakdown potentials were found to be inversely proportional to inclusion fractions and densities (E b dropped from ∼800 to ∼400 mV). No breakdown occurred on the samples using high-purity NiTi materials (inclu.% < 0.1%). The roles of inclusions in pitting mechanisms were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) characterizations. The microstructural evidence showed that the impact of TiC and Ti2NiO x was very different in the pitting process. A maximum inclu.% ≤ 0.9% was required for obtaining E b ≥ 600 mV to meet the Food and Drug Administrations (FDA's) in vivo safety acceptance (low risk up to 6 months postimplantation). The high-purity stents (inclu.% < 0.1%) did not exhibit corrosion susceptibility until 1000 mV, suggesting superior corrosion resistance and thus long-term in vivo safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Sun
- Chimie
ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institut
de Recherche de Chimie Paris, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Laurence Jordan
- Chimie
ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institut
de Recherche de Chimie Paris, 75005 Paris, France
- University
Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris F-75013, France
- AP-HP,
Hospital Rothschild, Paris F-75012, France
| | - Valérie Albin
- Chimie
ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institut
de Recherche de Chimie Paris, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Virginie Lair
- Chimie
ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institut
de Recherche de Chimie Paris, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Armelle Ringuedé
- Chimie
ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institut
de Recherche de Chimie Paris, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Prima
- Chimie
ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institut
de Recherche de Chimie Paris, 75005 Paris, France
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15
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Randhawa HS, Pearce G, Hepton R, Wong J, Zidane IF, Ma X. An investigation into the design of a device to treat haemorrhagic stroke. Proc Inst Mech Eng H 2019; 234:323-336. [PMID: 31774350 PMCID: PMC7132436 DOI: 10.1177/0954411919890698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we present the design considerations of a device to assist in the
potential treatment of hemorrhagic stroke with the aim of stopping blood from
flowing out into brain tissue. We present and model three designs for the
clinical scenarios when saccular aneurysms rupture in the middle cerebral artery
in the brain. We evaluate and model these three designs using computer aided
design software, SolidWorks, which allows the devices to be tested using finite
element analysis and also enables us to justify that the materials chosen were
suitable for potential use. Computational fluid dynamics modelling were used to
demonstrate and analyse the flow of blood through the artery under conditions of
normal and ruptured states. We conclude that our device could potentially be
useful in the treatment of hemorrhagic stroke, and the modelling process is
useful in assisting in determining the performance of our devices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gillian Pearce
- School of Engineering and Applied Science, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Rachel Hepton
- The School of Life & Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Julian Wong
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, National University Heart Centre, Singapore
| | - Iham F Zidane
- Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering and Technology, Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport (AASTMT), Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Xianghong Ma
- School of Engineering and Applied Science, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
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16
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Nasakina EO, Sudarchikova MA, Sergienko KV, Konushkin SV, Sevost’yanov MA. Ion Release and Surface Characterization of Nanostructured Nitinol during Long-Term Testing. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 9:E1569. [PMID: 31694335 PMCID: PMC6915401 DOI: 10.3390/nano9111569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The corrosion resistance of nanostructured nitinol (NiTi) was investigated using long-term tests in solutions simulating physiological fluids at static conditions, reflecting the material structure and metal concentration in the solutions. Mechanical polishing reduced the ion release by a factor of two to three, whereas annealing deteriorated the corrosion resistance. The depassivation and repassivation of nitinol surfaces were considered. We found that nanostructured nitinol might increase the corrosion leaching of titanium into solutions, although the nickel release decreased. Metal dissolution did not occur in the alkaline environment or artificial plasma. A Ni-free surface with a protective 25 nm-thick titanium oxide film resulted from soaking mechanically treated samples of the NiTi wire in a saline solution for two years under static conditions. Hence, the medical application of nanostructured NiTi, such as for the production of medical devices and implants such as stents, shows potential compared with microstructured NiTi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena O. Nasakina
- Laboratory of Durability and Plasticity of Metal and Composite Materials and Nanomaterials, Institution of Russian Academy of Sciences, A.A. Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Material Science RAS (IMET RAS), Leninsky Prospect 49, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.A.S.); (K.V.S.); (S.V.K.); (M.A.S.)
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17
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Zhang R, Mankoci S, Walters N, Gao H, Zhang H, Hou X, Qin H, Ren Z, Zhou X, Doll GL, Martini A, Sahai N, Dong Y, Ye C. Effects of laser shock peening on the corrosion behavior and biocompatibility of a nickel-titanium alloy. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2018; 107:1854-1863. [PMID: 30550636 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Nickel-titanium (NiTi) alloy is an attractive material for biomedical implant applications. In this study, the effects of laser shock peening (LSP) on the biocompatibility, corrosion resistance, ion release rate and hardness of NiTi were characterized. The cell culture study indicated that the LSP-treated NiTi samples had lower cytotoxicity and higher cell survival rate than the untreated samples. Specifically, the cell survival rate increased from 88 ± 1.3% to 93 ± 1.1% due to LSP treatment. LSP treatment was shown to significantly decrease the initial Ni ion release rate compared with that of the untreated samples. Electrochemical tests indicated that LSP improved the corrosion resistance of the NiTi alloy in simulated body fluid, with a decrease in the corrosion current density from 1.41 ± 0.20 μA/cm2 to 0.67 ± 0.24 μA/cm2 . Immersion tests showed that calcium deposition was significantly enhanced by LSP. In addition, the hardness of NiTi alloy increased from 226 ± 3 HV before LSP to 261 ± 3 HV after LSP. These results demonstrated that LSP is a promising surface modification method that can be used to improve the mechanical properties, corrosion resistance and biocompatibility of NiTi alloy for biomedical applications. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 107B: 1854-1863, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixia Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio, 44325
| | - Steven Mankoci
- Department of Polymer Science, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio, 44325
| | - Nicholas Walters
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California - Merced, Merced, California, 95343
| | - Hongyu Gao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California - Merced, Merced, California, 95343
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio, 44325
| | - Xiaoning Hou
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio, 44325
| | - Haifeng Qin
- Timken Engineered Surfaces Laboratories, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio, 44325
| | - Zhencheng Ren
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio, 44325
| | - Xianfeng Zhou
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio, 44325.,Department of Polymer Science, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio, 44325.,School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Engineering, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Gary L Doll
- Timken Engineered Surfaces Laboratories, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio, 44325
| | - Ashlie Martini
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California - Merced, Merced, California, 95343
| | - Nita Sahai
- Department of Polymer Science, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio, 44325.,Department of Geosciences, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio, 44325.,Integrated Bioscience Program, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio, 44325
| | - Yalin Dong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio, 44325
| | - Chang Ye
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio, 44325
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18
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Kuo TY, Chien CS, Liu CW, Lee TM. Comparative investigation into effects of ZrO 2 and Al 2O 3 addition in fluorapatite laser-clad composite coatings on Ti6Al4V alloy. Proc Inst Mech Eng H 2018; 233:157-169. [PMID: 30526304 DOI: 10.1177/0954411918816113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Composite coatings consisting of fluorapatite mixed with 20 wt% yttria (3 mol%) stabilized cubic phase zirconia (c-ZrO2, 3Y-TZP) or 20 wt% alumina (α-Al2O3) were deposited on Ti6Al4V substrates using a Nd:YAG laser cladding system. The interface morphology, phase composition, micro-hardness and biological properties of the two coatings were examined and compared. The results showed that the fluorapatite/Al2O3 specimen underwent a greater inter-diffusion at the interface between the coating layer and the transition layer than the fluorapatite/ZrO2 specimen. During the cladding process, the ZrO2 and Al2O3 components of the coating were completely decomposed or underwent phase transformation. In addition, the fluorapatite was partially decomposed. For both specimens, the coating layers contained fluorapatite, CaF2 and CaTiO3 phases. The coating layer of the fluorapatite/ZrO2 specimen additionally contained TTCP, CaO, CaZrO3 and m-ZrO2 (monoclinic phase), while that of the fluorapatite/Al2O3 specimen contained β-TCP, CaAl2O4 and θ-Al2O3. The average micro-hardness of the fluorapatite/ZrO2 coating layer (1300 HV) was approximately 200 HV higher than that of the fluorapatite/Al2O3 coating layer (1100 HV). Both specimens generated dense bone-like apatite following immersion in simulated body fluid for 3 days. In other words, both specimens had a good in vitro bioactivity. However, the fluorapatite/ZrO2 specimen showed a better initial attachment and spread of osteoblast-like osteosarcoma MG63 cells than the fluorapatite/Al2O3 specimen in in vitro biocompatibility tests performed for 24 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Yuan Kuo
- 1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan
| | - Chi-Sheng Chien
- 2 Department of Orthopaedics, Chimei Foundation Hospital, Tainan
- 3 Department of Electrical Engineering, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan
| | - Cheng-Wei Liu
- 1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan
| | - Tzer-Min Lee
- 4 Institute of Oral Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan
- 5 School of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung
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19
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Pound BG. The use of electrochemical techniques to evaluate the corrosion performance of metallic biomedical materials and devices. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2018; 107:1189-1198. [PMID: 30184333 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The corrosion performance of metallic biomedical materials and devices is commonly evaluated using electrochemical techniques. Although test standards involving such techniques have been released to address some forms of corrosion, a key issue is application of the results with regard to use of an implantable device in vivo. This review focuses on nitinol, 316L/LVM stainless steel, and Co-Cr alloys and is intended to provide some perspective on the significance of results from tests concerning general corrosion, localized corrosion, galvanic corrosion, and fretting corrosion of these alloys in simulated physiological solutions. It also examines the factors that could cause differences in the corrosion performance between in vitro and in vivo exposure, with the goal of providing some rationale for applying electrochemical characteristics obtained from the tests to predict the corrosion performance in vivo. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 107B: 1189-1198, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce G Pound
- Materials and Corrosion Engineering, Exponent, Menlo Park, California, 94025
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20
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Bai J, Xu Y, He X, Li C, Zhu M. [Progress in biocompatibility and surface modification of nickel titanium shape memory alloys]. ZHONGGUO XIU FU CHONG JIAN WAI KE ZA ZHI = ZHONGGUO XIUFU CHONGJIAN WAIKE ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF REPARATIVE AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY 2018; 32:1091-1095. [PMID: 30238741 PMCID: PMC8429986 DOI: 10.7507/1002-1892.201709089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Objective To summarize the research progress of biocompatibility and surface modification of nickel titanium shape memory alloys (Ni-Ti SMA). Methods The relative researches about Ni-Ti SMA at home and abroad were reviewed, collated, analyzed, and summarized. Results At present, Ni-Ti SMA as an internal fixation material has been widely used in clinic. It has the following advantages: the super elasticity, the shape memory characteristic, the good wear resistance, and the strong corrosion resistance. It also can effectively avoid the internal fixator rupture caused by stress shielding. After surface modification, the biocompatibility of Ni-Ti SMA has been improved. Conclusion The Ni-Ti SMA is the most promising alloy material for the long-term internal fixator because of its excellent material properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyue Bai
- Graduate Management Brigade, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, P.R.China
| | - Yongqing Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Kunming General Hospital of Chengdu Military Command, Kunming Yunnan, 650032,
| | - Xiaoqing He
- Department of Orthopedics, Kunming General Hospital of Chengdu Military Command, Kunming Yunnan, 650032, P.R.China
| | - Chuan Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Kunming General Hospital of Chengdu Military Command, Kunming Yunnan, 650032, P.R.China
| | - Min Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, Kunming General Hospital of Chengdu Military Command, Kunming Yunnan, 650032, P.R.China
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21
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Hou X, Mankoci S, Walters N, Gao H, Zhang R, Li S, Qin H, Ren Z, Doll GL, Cong H, Martini A, Vasudevan VK, Zhou X, Sahai N, Dong Y, Ye C. Hierarchical structures on nickel-titanium fabricated by ultrasonic nanocrystal surface modification. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2018; 93:12-20. [PMID: 30274044 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Hierarchical structures on metallic implants can enhance the interaction between cells and implants and thus increase their biocompatibility. However, it is difficult to directly fabricate hierarchical structures on metallic implants. In this study, we used a simple one-step method, ultrasonic nanocrystal surface modification (UNSM), to fabricate hierarchical surface structures on a nickel-titanium (NiTi) alloy. During UNSM, a tungsten carbide ball hits metal surfaces at ultrasonic frequency. The overlapping of the ultrasonic strikes generates hierarchical structures with microscale grooves and embedded nanoscale wrinkles. Cell culture experiments showed that cells adhere better and grow more prolifically on the UNSM-treated samples. Compared with the untreated samples, the UNSM-treated samples have higher corrosion resistance. In addition, the surface hardness increased from 243 Hv to 296 Hv and the scratch hardness increased by 22%. Overall, the improved biocompatibility, higher corrosion resistance, and enhanced mechanical properties demonstrate that UNSM is a simple and effective method to process metallic implant materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoning Hou
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA
| | - Steven Mankoci
- Department of Polymer Science, University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA
| | - Nicholas Walters
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California - Merced, Merced, CA 95343, USA
| | - Hongyu Gao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California - Merced, Merced, CA 95343, USA
| | - Ruixia Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA
| | - Shengxi Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, OH, USA
| | - Haifeng Qin
- Timken Engineered Surfaces Laboratories, University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA
| | - Zhencheng Ren
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA
| | - Gary L Doll
- Timken Engineered Surfaces Laboratories, University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA
| | - Hongbo Cong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, OH, USA
| | - Ashlie Martini
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California - Merced, Merced, CA 95343, USA
| | - Vijay K Vasudevan
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - Xianfeng Zhou
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA; Department of Polymer Science, University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA; School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Engineering, Qingdao 266042, China.
| | - Nita Sahai
- Department of Polymer Science, University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA; Department of Geosciences, University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA; Integrated Bioscience Program, University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA
| | - Yalin Dong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA
| | - Chang Ye
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA.
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22
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Multi-scale characterization and biological evaluation of composite surface layers produced under glow discharge conditions on NiTi shape memory alloy for potential cardiological application. Micron 2018; 114:14-22. [PMID: 30056255 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2018.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
NiTi shape memory alloys are characterized by relatively good biocompatibility primarily thanks to their ability to self-passivate. However, before they can be used as medical implants for long term use, they need to undergo treatment aimed at producing layers on their surface that are superior to spontaneously formed oxide layers and that would increase their resistance to corrosion, limit nickel ion release from the surface (metallosis) and have the capability to shape their biological properties depending on the application. Furthermore, cardiac implants require addressing the issue of blood clotting on the surface. Treatment in glow-discharge low temperature plasma makes it possible to produce titanium layers with a structure and properties that are controlled via process parameters. In addition, antithrombogenic properties can be improved by depositing a carbon coating via the RFCVD process. The aim of the study was to investigate the structure, surface topography, adhesive properties, wettability, surface free energy and evaluate metallosis after producing TiO2 and a-C:N:H + TiO2 composite layers on NiTi alloy. The capabilities of AFM microscopes in studying the adhesive properties of a surface were also highlighted in the study. The study shows that the produced surface layers are capable of significantly reducing metallosis. Furthermore, in contrast to NiTi in its initial state, layers of nanocrystalline TiO2 titanium oxide (rutile) with a homogeneous structure demonstrate greater adhesion strength and more developed surface in the microscale, which facilitates the formation of an a-C:N:H coating. Therefore the formation of a coating of a-C:N:H amorphous carbon on NiTi alloy that has previously been oxidised in low-temperature plasma may prove to be a favourable solution in terms of using NiTi alloy to produce cardiac implants.
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23
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Nagaraja S, Sullivan SJL, Stafford PR, Lucas AD, Malkin E. Impact of nitinol stent surface processing on in-vivo nickel release and biological response. Acta Biomater 2018; 72:424-433. [PMID: 29597023 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Although nitinol is widely used in percutaneous cardiovascular interventions, a causal relationship between nickel released from implanted cardiovascular devices and adverse systemic or local biological responses has not been established. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between nitinol surface processing, in-vivo nickel release, and biocompatibility. Nitinol stents manufactured using select surface treatments were implanted into the iliac arteries of minipigs for 6 months. Clinical chemistry profile, complete blood count, serum and urine nickel analyses were performed periodically during the implantation period. After explant, stented arteries were either digested and analyzed for local nickel concentration or fixed and sectioned for histopathological analysis of stenosis and inflammation within the artery. The results indicated that markers for liver and kidney function were not different than baseline values throughout 180 days of implantation regardless of surface finish. In addition, white blood cell, red blood cell, and platelet counts were similar to baseline values for all surface finishes. Systemic nickel concentrations in serum and urine were not significantly different between processing groups and comparable to baseline values during 180 days of implantation. However, stents with non-optimized surface finishing had significantly greater nickel levels in the surrounding artery compared to polished stents. These stents had increased stenosis with potential for local inflammation compared to polished stents. These findings demonstrate that proper polishing of nitinol surfaces can reduce in-vivo nickel release locally, which may aid in minimizing adverse inflammatory reactions and restenosis. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Nitinol is a commonly used material in cardiovascular medical devices. However, relationships between nitinol surface finishing, in-vivo metal ion release, and adverse biological responses have yet to be established. We addressed this knowledge gap by implanting single and overlapped nitinol stents with different surface finishes to assess systemic impact on minipigs (i.e. serum and urine nickel levels, liver and kidney function, immune and blood count) over the 6 month implantation period. In addition, nickel levels and histopathology in stented arteries were analyzed on explant to determine relationships between surface processing and local adverse tissue reactions. The findings presented here highlight the importance of surface processing on in-vivo nickel release and subsequent impact on local biological response for nitinol implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinidhi Nagaraja
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA.
| | - Stacey J L Sullivan
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Philip R Stafford
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Winchester Engineering and Analytical Center, Winchester, MA 01890, USA
| | - Anne D Lucas
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Elon Malkin
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Winchester Engineering and Analytical Center, Winchester, MA 01890, USA
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24
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Özyürek T, Yılmaz K, Uslu G, Plotino G. The effect of root canal preparation on the surface roughness of WaveOne and WaveOne Gold files: atomic force microscopy study. Restor Dent Endod 2018; 43:e10. [PMID: 29487840 PMCID: PMC5816987 DOI: 10.5395/rde.2018.43.e10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To examine the surface topography of intact WaveOne (WO; Dentsply Sirona Endodontics) and WaveOne Gold (WOG; Dentsply Sirona Endodontics) nickel-titanium rotary files and to evaluate the presence of alterations to the surface topography after root canal preparations of severely curved root canals in molar teeth. Materials and Methods Forty-eight severely curved canals of extracted molar teeth were divided into 2 groups (n = 24/each group). In group 1, the canals were prepared using WO and in group 2, the canals were prepared using WOG files. After the preparation of 3 root canals, instruments were subjected to atomic force microscopy analysis. Average roughness and root mean square values were chosen to investigate the surface features of endodontic files. The data was analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and post hoc Tamhane's tests at 5% significant level. Results The surface roughness values of WO and WOG files significantly changed after use in root canals (p < 0.05). The used WOG files exhibited higher surface roughness change when compared with the used WO files (p < 0.05). Conclusions Using WO and WOG Primary files in 3 root canals affected the surface topography of the files. After being used in root canals, the WOG files showed a higher level of surface porosity value than the WO files.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taha Özyürek
- Department of Endodontics, Ondokuz Mayis University Faculty of Dentistry, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Koray Yılmaz
- Çorum Oral and Dental Health Center, Çorum, Turkey
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Sullivan SJL, Madamba D, Sivan S, Miyashiro K, Dreher ML, Trépanier C, Nagaraja S. The effects of surface processing on in-vivo corrosion of Nitinol stents in a porcine model. Acta Biomater 2017; 62:385-396. [PMID: 28842334 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A major limitation with current assessments of corrosion in metallic medical devices is the lack of correlation between in-vitro and in-vivo corrosion performance. Therefore, the objective of this study was to elucidate the relationship between pitting corrosion measured by breakdown potentials (Eb) in ASTM F2129 testing and corrosion resistance in-vivo. Four groups of Nitinol stents were manufactured using different processing methods to create unique surface properties. The stents were implanted into iliac arteries of minipigs for six months and explanted for corrosion analysis. Scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry analyses indicated that stents with a thick complex thermal oxide (420nm) and high corrosion resistance in-vitro (Eb=975±94mV) were free from detectable corrosion in-vivo and exhibited no changes in Ni/Ti ratio when compared to non-implanted controls. This result was also found in mechanically polished stents with a thin native oxide (4nm; Eb=767±226mV). In contrast, stents with a moderately thick thermal oxide (130nm) and low corrosion resistance in-vitro (Eb=111±63mV) possessed corrosion with associated surface microcracks in-vivo. In addition, Ni/Ti ratios in corroded regions were significantly lower compared to non-corroded adjacent areas on explanted stents. When stents were minimally processed (i.e. retained native tube oxide from the drawing process), a thick thermal oxide was present (399nm) with low in-vitro corrosion resistance (Eb=68±29mV) resulting in extensive in-vivo pitting. These findings demonstrate that functional corrosion testing combined with a detailed understanding of the surface characteristics of a Nitinol medical device can provide insight into in-vivo corrosion resistance. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Nitinol is a commonly used material in the medical device industry. However, correlations between surface processing of nitinol and in-vivo corrosion has yet to be established. Elucidating the link between in-vivo corrosion and pre-clinical characterization can aid in improved prediction of clinical safety and performance of nitinol devices. We addressed this knowledge gap by fabricating nitinol stents to possess distinct surface properties and evaluating their corrosion susceptibility both in-vitro and after six months of in-vivo exposure. Relationships between stent processing, surface characterization, corrosion bench testing, and outcomes from explanted devices are discussed. These findings highlight the importance of surface characterization in nitinol devices and provide in-vitro pitting corrosion levels that can induce in-vivo corrosion in nitinol stents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey J L Sullivan
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Division of Applied Mechanics, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | | | - Shiril Sivan
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Division of Applied Mechanics, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | | | - Maureen L Dreher
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Division of Applied Mechanics, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | | | - Srinidhi Nagaraja
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Division of Applied Mechanics, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA.
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26
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Pound BG. Pit initiation on nitinol in simulated physiological solutions. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2017; 106:1605-1610. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bruce G. Pound
- Exponent, 149 Commonwealth Drive, Menlo Park; California 94025
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Nagaraja S, Di Prima M, Saylor D, Takai E. Current practices in corrosion, surface characterization, and nickel leach testing of cardiovascular metallic implants. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2017; 105:1330-1341. [PMID: 26880035 PMCID: PMC6026850 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
In an effort to better understand current test practices and improve nonclinical testing of cardiovascular metallic implants, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) held a public workshop on Cardiovascular Metallic Implants: corrosion, surface characterization, and nickel leaching. The following topics were discussed: (1) methods used for corrosion assessments, surface characterization techniques, and nickel leach testing of metallic cardiovascular implant devices, (2) the limitations of each of these in vitro tests in predicting in vivo performance, (3) the need, utility, and circumstances when each test should be considered, and (4) the potential testing paradigms, including acceptance criteria for each test. In addition to the above topics, best practices for these various tests were discussed, and knowledge gaps were identified. Prior to the workshop, discussants had the option to provide feedback and information on issues relating to each of the topics via a voluntary preworkshop assignment. During the workshop, the pooled responses were presented and a panel of experts discussed the results. This article summarizes the proceedings of this workshop and background information provided by workshop participants. Published 2016. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 1330-1341, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinidhi Nagaraja
- US Food and Drug Administration, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Matthew Di Prima
- US Food and Drug Administration, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - David Saylor
- US Food and Drug Administration, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Erica Takai
- US Food and Drug Administration, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Silver Spring, Maryland
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Nakatani T, Fukumoto J, Wada A, Yamashita S. Electrochemical Polarization Characteristics of a DLC-Coated Magnesium Alloy Stent in a Saline Solution. J PHOTOPOLYM SCI TEC 2017. [DOI: 10.2494/photopolymer.30.331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Junya Fukumoto
- Research Institute of Technology, Okayama University of Science
| | - Akira Wada
- Japan Medical Device Technology Co., Ltd
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29
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Paprottka KJ, Paprottka PM, Reiser MF, Waggershauser T. Comparative study of the corrosion behavior of peripheral stents in an accelerated corrosion model: experimental in vitro study of 28 metallic vascular endoprostheses. Diagn Interv Radiol 2016; 21:403-9. [PMID: 26268301 DOI: 10.5152/dir.2015.15062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Clinical cases of stent-fractures show that corrosion behavior might play a role in these fractures. Implanted in vivo, especially in combination with other implanted foreign materials, these metallic products are exposed to special conditions, which can cause a process of corrosion. Here, we aimed to test the corrosion potential of stents made of different materials in an in vitro setting. METHODS A total of 28 peripheral stents of different materials (nitinol, cobalt-chromium-nickel, tantalum, V4A) and surface treatments (electropolish, mechanical polish, no polish) were tested in vitro. Corrosion was accelerated by applying a constant voltage of 3.5 V and amperage of 1.16 mA in 0.9% NaCl. RESULTS Nitinol stents showed the lowest susceptibility to corrosion and the longest period without damage. The Memotherm II® (BARD Angiomed®) was the only stent that showed neither macroscopic nor microscopic damages. The worst performing material was cobalt-chromium-nickel, which showed corrosion damages about ten times earlier compared to nitinol. Considering the reasons for termination of the test, nitinol stents primarily showed length deficits, while V4A and tantalum stents showed fractures. Cobalt-chromium-nickel stents had multiple fractures or a complete lysis in equal proportions. When placed in direct contact, nitinol stents showed best corrosion resistance, regardless of what material they were combined with. In terms of polishing treatments, electropolished stents performed the best, mechanical-polished stents and those without polishing treatment followed. CONCLUSION The analysis of corrosion behavior may be useful to select the right stent fulfilling the individual needs of the patient within a large number of different stents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolin J Paprottka
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
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Siddiqui DA, Sivan S, Weaver JD, Di Prima M. Effect of wire fretting on the corrosion resistance of common medical alloys. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2016; 105:2487-2494. [PMID: 27660927 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Metallic medical devices such as intravascular stents can undergo fretting damage in vivo that might increase their susceptibility to pitting corrosion. As a result, the US Food and Drug Administration has recommended that such devices be evaluated for corrosion resistance after the devices have been fatigue tested in situations where significant micromotion can lead to fretting damage. Three common alloys that cardiovascular implants are made from [MP35N cobalt chromium (MP35N), electropolished nitinol (EP NiTi), and 316LVM stainless steel (316LVM)] were selected for this study. In order to evaluate the effect of wire fretting on the pitting corrosion susceptibility of these medical alloys, small and large fretting scar conditions of each alloy fretting against itself, and the other alloys in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) at 37°C were tested per ASTM F2129 and compared against as received or PBS immersed control specimens. Although the general trend observed was that fretting damage significantly lowered the rest potential (Er ) of these specimens (p < 0.01), fretting damage had no significant effect on the breakdown potential (Eb , p > 0.05) and hence did not affect the susceptibility to pitting corrosion. In summary, our results demonstrate that fretting damage in PBS alone is not sufficient to cause increased susceptibility to pitting corrosion in the three common alloys investigated. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 2487-2494, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyal A Siddiqui
- US Food and Drug Administration, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Division of Applied Mechanics, Silver Spring, MD.,Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN
| | - Shiril Sivan
- US Food and Drug Administration, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Division of Applied Mechanics, Silver Spring, MD.,Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN
| | - Jason D Weaver
- US Food and Drug Administration, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Division of Applied Mechanics, Silver Spring, MD
| | - Matthew Di Prima
- US Food and Drug Administration, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Division of Applied Mechanics, Silver Spring, MD
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31
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Čolić M, Tomić S, Rudolf R, Marković E, Šćepan I. Differences in cytocompatibility, dynamics of the oxide layers' formation, and nickel release between superelastic and thermo-activated nickel-titanium archwires. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2016; 27:128. [PMID: 27364903 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-016-5742-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Superelastic (SE) and thermo-activated (TA) nickel-titanium (NiTi) archwires are used in everyday orthodontic practice, based on their acceptable biocompatibility and well-defined shape memory properties. However, the differences in their surface microstructure and cytotoxicity have not been clearly defined, and the standard cytotoxicity tests are too robust to detect small differences in the cytotoxicity of these alloys, all of which can lead to unexpected adverse reactions in some patients. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that the differences in manufacture and microstructure of commercially available SE and TA archwires may influence their biocompatibility. The archwires were studied as-received and after conditioning for 24 h or 35 days in a cell culture medium under static conditions. All of the tested archwires, including their conditioned medium (CM), were non-cytotoxic for L929 cells, but Rematitan SE (both as received and conditioned) induced the apoptosis of rat thymocytes in a direct contact. In contrast, TruFlex SE and Equire TA increased the proliferation of thymocytes. The cytotoxic effect of Rematitan SE correlated with the higher release of Ni ions in CM, higher concentration of surface Ni and an increased oxygen layer thickness after the conditioning. In conclusion, the apoptosis assay on rat thymocytes, in contrast to the less sensitive standard assay on L929 cells, revealed that Rematitan SE was less cytocompatible compared to other archwires and the effect was most probably associated with a higher exposition of the cells to Ni on the surface of the archwire, due to the formation of unstable oxide layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miodrag Čolić
- Medical Faculty of the Military Medical Academy, Institute for Medical Research, University of Defense in Belgrade, Crnotravska 17, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia.
| | - Sergej Tomić
- Medical Faculty of the Military Medical Academy, Institute for Medical Research, University of Defense in Belgrade, Crnotravska 17, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Rebeka Rudolf
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | | | - Ivana Šćepan
- School of Dentistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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32
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Thierry B, Tabrizian M. Biocompatibility and Biostability of Metallic Endovascular Implants: State of the Art and Perspectives. J Endovasc Ther 2016; 10:807-24. [PMID: 14533959 DOI: 10.1177/152660280301000419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This work was partly supported by the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada. More than a million metallic endovascular devices are implanted each year, but the quest for the perfect material continues. The importance of interfacial properties in the overall biocompatibility of metals and alloys has been recognized for a long time. In particular, these properties modulate the hemocompatibility of devices in contact with blood and, in turn, strongly influence implantation outcomes. In this article, the relative properties of metallic materials commonly used in endovascular applications are reviewed. Particular emphasis is given to the corrosion behavior of metallic endovascular materials and the specific surface treatments used in the production processes. Issues relative to corrosion assays will also be reviewed in terms of their relevance to in vivo applications. The potential adverse effects of degradation products with respect to endovascular applications will be described. Finally, this review addresses future perspectives of metallic devices in endovascular procedures in view of the recent promises of antiproliferative strategies that are likely to profoundly modify current procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Thierry
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Kapnisis KK, Pitsillides CM, Prokopi MS, Lapathitis G, Karaiskos C, Eleftheriou PC, Brott BC, Anderson PG, Lemons JE, Anayiotos AS. In vivomonitoring of the inflammatory response in a stented mouse aorta model. J Biomed Mater Res A 2015; 104:227-38. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos K. Kapnisis
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering; Cyprus University of Technology; Limassol 3036 Cyprus
| | - Costas M. Pitsillides
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering; Cyprus University of Technology; Limassol 3036 Cyprus
| | | | - George Lapathitis
- Neurology Clinic E; Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics; Nicosia 2370 Cyprus
| | - Christos Karaiskos
- Neurology Clinic E; Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics; Nicosia 2370 Cyprus
| | - Polyvios C. Eleftheriou
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering; Cyprus University of Technology; Limassol 3036 Cyprus
| | - Brigitta C. Brott
- Department of Medicine; University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham Alabama 35294-0111
| | - Peter G. Anderson
- Department of Pathology; University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham Alabama 35294-0111
| | - Jack E. Lemons
- Department of Prosthodontics; University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham Alabama 35294-0111
| | - Andreas S. Anayiotos
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering; Cyprus University of Technology; Limassol 3036 Cyprus
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Pound BG. Galvanic corrosion of nitinol under deaerated and aerated conditions. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2015; 104:1322-7. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Revised: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bruce G. Pound
- Exponent, 149 Commonwealth Drive, Menlo Park; California 94025
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35
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Surface Properties and In Vitro Bioactivity of Fluorapatite/TiO2 Coatings Deposited on Ti Substrates by Nd:YAG Laser Cladding. J Med Biol Eng 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s40846-015-0048-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Wohlschlögel M, Lima de Miranda R, Schüßler A, Quandt E. Nitinol: Tubing versus sputtered film - microcleanliness and corrosion behavior. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2015; 104:1176-81. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Revised: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rodrigo Lima de Miranda
- ACQUANDAS GmbH; Kiel Schleswig-Holstein 24143 Germany
- Chair for Inorganic Functional Materials; Institute of Materials Science, University of Kiel; Schleswig-Holstein 24143 Germany
| | - Andreas Schüßler
- ADMEDES Schuessler GmbH; Pforzheim Baden-Württemberg 75179 Germany
| | - Eckhard Quandt
- Chair for Inorganic Functional Materials; Institute of Materials Science, University of Kiel; Schleswig-Holstein 24143 Germany
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37
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Mao L, Shen L, Chen J, Wu Y, Kwak M, Lu Y, Xue Q, Pei J, Zhang L, Yuan G, Fan R, Ge J, Ding W. Enhanced bioactivity of Mg-Nd-Zn-Zr alloy achieved with nanoscale MgF2 surface for vascular stent application. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:5320-30. [PMID: 25705919 DOI: 10.1021/am5086885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) alloys have revolutionized the application of temporary load-bearing implants as they meet both engineering and medical requirements. However, rapid degradation of Mg alloys under physiological conditions remains the major obstacle hindering the wider use of Mg-based implants. Here we developed a simple method of preparing a nanoscale MgF2 film on Mg-Nd-Zn-Zr (denoted as JDBM) alloy, aiming to reduce the corrosion rate as well as improve the biological response. The corrosion rate of JDBM alloy exposed to artificial plasma is reduced by ∼20% from 0.337 ± 0.021 to 0.269 ± 0.043 mm·y(-1) due to the protective effect of the MgF2 film with a uniform and dense physical structure. The in vitro cytocompatibility test of MgF2-coated JDBM using human umbilical vein endothelial cells indicates enhanced viability, growth, and proliferation as compared to the naked substrate, and the MgF2 film with a nanoscale flakelike feature of ∼200-300 nm presents a much more favorable environment for endothelial cell adhesion, proliferation, and alignment. Furthermore, the animal experiment via implantation of MgF2-coated JDBM stent to rabbit abdominal aorta confirms excellent tissue compatibility of the well re-endothelialized stent with no sign of thrombogenesis and restenosis in the stented vessel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Mao
- National Engineering Research Center of Light Alloys Net Forming and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composite, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240, China
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Gill P, Musaramthota V, Munroe N, Datye A, Dua R, Haider W, McGoron A, Rokicki R. Surface modification of Ni-Ti alloys for stent application after magnetoelectropolishing. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2015; 50:37-44. [PMID: 25746243 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Revised: 11/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The constant demand for new implant materials and the multidisciplinary design approaches for stent applications have expanded vastly over the past decade. The biocompatibility of these implant materials is a function of their surface characteristics such as morphology, surface chemistry, roughness, surface charge and wettability. These surface characteristics can directly influence the material's corrosion resistance and biological processes such as endothelialization. Surface morphology affects the thermodynamic stability of passivating oxides, which renders corrosion resistance to passivating alloys. Magnetoelectropolishing (MEP) is known to alter the morphology and composition of surface films, which assist in improving corrosion resistance of Nitinol alloys. This work aims at analyzing the surface characteristics of MEP Nitinol alloys by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The wettability of the alloys was determined by contact angle measurements and the mechanical properties were assessed by Nanoindentation. Improved mechanical properties were observed with the addition of alloying elements. Cyclic potentiodynamic polarization tests were performed to determine the corrosion susceptibility. Further, the alloys were tested for their cytotoxicity and cellular growth with endothelial cells. Improved corrosion resistance and cellular viability were observed with MEP surface treated alloys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puneet Gill
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33174, USA
| | - Vishal Musaramthota
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33174, USA
| | - Norman Munroe
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33174, USA
| | - Amit Datye
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37916, USA
| | - Rupak Dua
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33174, USA
| | - Waseem Haider
- Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas-Pan American, TX, USA
| | - Anthony McGoron
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33174, USA
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Nasakina EO, Baikin AS, Sevost’yanov MA, Kolmakov AG, Zabolotnyi VT, Solntsev KA. Properties of nanostructured titanium nickelide and composite based on it. THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s0040579514040071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Freiberg KE, Bremer-Streck S, Kiehntopf M, Rettenmayr M, Undisz A. Effect of thermomechanical pre-treatment on short- and long-term Ni release from biomedical NiTi. Acta Biomater 2014; 10:2290-5. [PMID: 24418435 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Revised: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The effect of annealing and deformation on short-term (21days) and long-term (8months) Ni release from biomedical NiTi wires is studied. The deformation of annealed NiTi wires causes cracking and flaking of the surface oxide layer. Flaking of oxide particles does not uncover the Ni-rich layer underneath the surface oxide layer, since at sites where flaking occurs, a thin (∼25nm) layer of oxide remains on top of this Ni-rich layer. The number of cracks in the oxide and Ni-rich layer, respectively, increases with deformation, and intercrystalline crack propagation into the Ni-rich layer and the NiTi bulk is observed. In plastically deformed wires, the cracks may remain opened, providing access of immersion liquid to these zones. Characteristics and quantity of short-term Ni release are significantly affected by the pre-deformation, resulting in an up to 2 times higher total Ni release within the first 21days of deformed compared to annealed wires. Pre-deformation does not significantly influence long-term Ni release; all annealed and deformed samples exhibit similar long-term Ni release rates. The source of Ni during short-term release is the Ni contained in the surface zone of the oxide layer. For high pre-deformation, the Ni-rich layer is a second source for Ni. This second source is also the cause for Ni release in long-term immersion experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina E Freiberg
- Otto Schott Institute of Materials Research, Metallic Materials, Friedrich Schiller University, Löbdergraben 32, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Sibylle Bremer-Streck
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Erlanger Allee 101, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Kiehntopf
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Erlanger Allee 101, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Markus Rettenmayr
- Otto Schott Institute of Materials Research, Metallic Materials, Friedrich Schiller University, Löbdergraben 32, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Andreas Undisz
- Otto Schott Institute of Materials Research, Metallic Materials, Friedrich Schiller University, Löbdergraben 32, 07743 Jena, Germany.
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Morrison JW, Pelletier MH, Rives A, Walsh WR, Yang JL, Varcoe RL. Corrosion resistance, surface evaluation, and geometric design comparison of five self-expanding nitinol stents used in clinical practice. J Endovasc Ther 2014; 21:230-9. [PMID: 24754282 DOI: 10.1583/13-4530mr.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the corrosion resistance properties of 5 commercially available nitinol stents used to treat peripheral artery disease and compare their surface quality, elemental composition, and geometrical design. METHODS Samples of 5 different designs of nitinol peripheral stents [LifeStent (n=4), Philon (n=6), Epic (n=6), S.M.A.R.T. Control (n=7), and Complete SE (n=7)] were examined using stereomicroscopy, environmental scanning electron microscopy, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Corrosion resistance testing was performed in accordance with ASTM International Standard F2129-08. RESULTS Thirteen (43%) of 30 stents corroded during this experiment. Stent fracture was observed in 12 (92%) of these corroded stents. Mean breakdown potentials ranged from 517 to 835 mV (vs. Ag/AgCl) for the Philon, Complete SE, S.M.A.R.T. Control, Epic, and LifeStent models from lowest to highest. A statistically significant difference in breakdown potential was observed between the LifeStent vs. Philon stents (835 vs. 517 mV, p=0.01) and Epic vs. Philon stents (833 vs. 517 mV, p=0.03). Stents with lower breakdown potential and relative breakdown potentials were associated with a higher fracture frequency (Spearman correlation coefficient -0.44, p=0.015 and -0.869, p<0.01, respectively). CONCLUSION In this in vitro study, corrosion led independently to stent fracture. There is a significant association between lower mean breakdown/relative breakdown potentials and stent fracture.
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Guidoin R, Zhang Z, Douville Y, Nutley M. Commentary: nitinol stent designs need to adhere to the 3Bs: biofunctionality, biodurability, and biocompatibility. J Endovasc Ther 2014; 21:240-2. [PMID: 24754283 DOI: 10.1583/13-4530c.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Guidoin
- 1 Department of Surgery, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
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Ma J, Thompson M, Zhao N, Zhu D. Similarities and differences in coatings for magnesium-based stents and orthopaedic implants. J Orthop Translat 2014; 2:118-130. [PMID: 27695671 PMCID: PMC5044877 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2014.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg)-based biodegradable materials are promising candidates for the new generation of implantable medical devices, particularly cardiovascular stents and orthopaedic implants. Mg-based cardiovascular stents represent the most innovative stent technology to date. However, these products still do not fully meet clinical requirements with regards to fast degradation rates, late restenosis, and thrombosis. Thus various surface coatings have been introduced to protect Mg-based stents from rapid corrosion and to improve biocompatibility. Similarly, different coatings have been used for orthopaedic implants, e.g., plates and pins for bone fracture fixation or as an interference screw for tendon-bone or ligament-bone insertion, to improve biocompatibility and corrosion resistance. Metal coatings, nanoporous inorganic coatings and permanent polymers have been proved to enhance corrosion resistance; however, inflammation and foreign body reactions have also been reported. By contrast, biodegradable polymers are more biocompatible in general and are favoured over permanent materials. Drugs are also loaded with biodegradable polymers to improve their performance. The key similarities and differences in coatings for Mg-based stents and orthopaedic implants are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ma
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Bio-Engineering, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC, USA; National Science Foundation (NSF) Engineering Research Center-Revolutionizing Metallic Biomaterials, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Marc Thompson
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Bio-Engineering, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC, USA; National Science Foundation (NSF) Engineering Research Center-Revolutionizing Metallic Biomaterials, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Nan Zhao
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Bio-Engineering, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC, USA; National Science Foundation (NSF) Engineering Research Center-Revolutionizing Metallic Biomaterials, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Donghui Zhu
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Bio-Engineering, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC, USA; National Science Foundation (NSF) Engineering Research Center-Revolutionizing Metallic Biomaterials, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC, USA
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Chien CS, Ko YS, Kuo TY, Liao TY, Lee TM, Hong TF. Effect of TiO2 addition on surface microstructure and bioactivity of fluorapatite coatings deposited using Nd:YAG laser. Proc Inst Mech Eng H 2014; 228:379-87. [PMID: 24662108 DOI: 10.1177/0954411914528307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
To study the effect of titania (TiO2) addition on the surface microstructure and bioactivity of fluorapatite coatings, fluorapatite was mixed with TiO2 in 1:0.5 (FA + 0.5TiO2), 1:0.8 (FA + 0.8TiO2), and 1:1 (FA + TiO2) ratios (wt%) and clad on Ti-6Al-4V substrates using an Nd:YAG laser system. The experimental results show that the penetration depth of the weld decreases with increasing TiO2 content. Moreover, the subgrain structure of the coating layer changes from a fine cellular-like structure to a cellular-dendrite-like structure as the amount of TiO2 increases. Consequently, as the proportion of TiO2 decreases (increase in fluorapatite content), the Ca/P ratio of the coating layer also decreases. The immersion of specimens into simulated body fluid resulted in the formation of individual apatite. With a lower Ca/P ratio before immersion, the growth of the apatite was faster and then the coating layer provided a better bioactivity. X-ray diffraction analysis results show that prior to simulated body fluid immersion, the coating layer in all three specimens was composed mainly of fluorapatite, CaTiO3, and Al2O3 phases. Following simulated body fluid immersion, a peak corresponding to hydroxycarbonated apatite appeared after 2 days in the FA + 0.5TiO2 and FA + 0.8TiO2 specimens and after 7 days in the FA + TiO2 specimen. Overall, the results show that although the bioactivity of the coating layer tended to decrease with increasing TiO2 content, in accordance with the above-mentioned ratios, the bioactivity of all three specimens remained generally good.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Sheng Chien
- Chimei Foundation Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yu-Sheng Ko
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Tsung-Yuan Kuo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Tze-Yuan Liao
- Department of Materials Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Tzer-Min Lee
- Institute of Oral Medicine, Medical College, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ting-Fu Hong
- Graduate Institute of Materials Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Fayyad DM, Mahran AH. Atomic force microscopic evaluation of nanostructure alterations of rotary NiTi instruments after immersion in irrigating solutions. Int Endod J 2013; 47:567-73. [DOI: 10.1111/iej.12189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2013] [Accepted: 08/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. M. Fayyad
- Department of Endodontics; Faculty of Dentistry; Suez Canal University; Ismailia Egypt
| | - A. H. Mahran
- Department of Endodontics; Faculty of Dentistry; Ain Shams University; Cairo Egypt
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Espinar-Escalona E, Llamas-Carreras JM, Barrera-Mora JM, Abalos-Lasbrucci C, Gil-Mur FJ. Effect of temperature on the orthodontic clinical applications of NiTi closed-coil springs. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2013; 18:e721-4. [PMID: 23722142 PMCID: PMC3731104 DOI: 10.4317/medoral.19073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
NiTi spring coils were used to obtain large deformation under a constant force. The device consists on a NiTi coil spring, superelastic at body temperature, in order to have a stress plateau during the austenitic retransformation during the unloading. The temperature variations induced changes in the spring force.
Objectives: The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of the temperature variations in the spring forces and corrosion behaviour simulating the ingestion hot/cold drinks and food.
Study Design: The springs were subjected to a tensile force using universal testing machine MTS-Adamel (100 N load cell). All tests were performed in artificial saliva maintained at different temperatures. The corrosion tests were performed according to the ISO-standard 10993-15:2000.
Results: The increase in temperature of 18oC induced an increase in the spring force of 30%. However, when the temperature returns to 37oC the distraction force recovers near the initial level. After cooling down the spring to 15oC, the force decreased by 46%. This investigation show as the temperature increase, the corrosion potential shifts towards negative values and the corrosion density is rising.
Conclusions: The changes of the temperatures do not modify the superelastic behaviour of the NiTi closed-coil springs. The corrosion potential of NiTi in artificial saliva is decreasing by the rise of the temperatures.
Key words:Superelasticity, NiTi, springs, orthodontic, coils, recovery, temperature.
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Pound BG. Passive films on metallic biomaterials under simulated physiological conditions. J Biomed Mater Res A 2013; 102:1595-604. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2013] [Revised: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. G. Pound
- Exponent, 149 Commonwealth Drive; Menlo Park California 94025
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Degradative Effects of the Biological Environment on Metals and Ceramics. Biomater Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-08-087780-8.00062-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Habijan T, De Miranda R, Zamponi C, Quandt E, Greulich C, Schildhauer T, Köller M. The biocompatibility and mechanical properties of cylindrical NiTi thin films produced by magnetron sputtering. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2012.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Wohlschlögel M, Steegmüller R, Schüβler A. Potentiodynamic polarization study on electropolished nitinol vascular implants. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2012; 100:2231-8. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.32814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2011] [Revised: 06/21/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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