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Luo F, Wang L, Xiao Z, Zhu X, Fan Y, Wang K, Zhang X. Application of femtosecond laser microfabrication in the preparation of advanced bioactive titanium surfaces. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:3912-3924. [PMID: 33928992 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb00231g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The surface activation of titanium plays a key role in the biological properties of titanium implants as bone repair materials. Improving the ability to induce apatite precipitation on the surface was a well-accepted titanium bioactivation route. In this study, advanced femtosecond laser microfabrication was applied to modify titanium surfaces, and the effect of femtosecond laser etching on apatite precipitation was investigated and compared with popular titanium modification methods. Meanwhile, the mechanism of apatite formation after femtosecond laser modification was interpreted from the point of materials science. The surface physical-chemical characterization results showed that femtosecond laser etching can improve the surface hydrophilicity and increase the surface energy. Compared with traditional abrasive paper and acid-alkali treatment, this method increased the contents of active sites including titanium oxide and titanium-hydroxyl on titanium surfaces. TiO2 on the surface was transformed to TiO after femtosecond laser treatment. The samples etched with 0.3 W and 0.5 W femtosecond lasers had a better ability to induce apatite deposition than those treated with traditional mechanical treatment and popular acid-alkali modification, which would lead to better bioactivity and osteointegration. Considering the technical advantages of femtosecond lasers in microfabrication, it provides a more efficient and controllable scheme for the bioactivation of titanium. This research would improve the application potential of femtosecond laser treatment, such as micropattern preparation and surface activation, in the field of biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengxiong Luo
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Ling Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Zhanwen Xiao
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Xiangdong Zhu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Yujiang Fan
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Kefeng Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Xingdong Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
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Lenis JA, Rico P, Ribelles JLG, Pacha-Olivenza MA, González-Martín ML, Bolívar FJ. Structure, morphology, adhesion and in vitro biological evaluation of antibacterial multi-layer HA-Ag/SiO 2/TiN/Ti coatings obtained by RF magnetron sputtering for biomedical applications. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 116:111268. [PMID: 32806245 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Biocompatible and antibacterial multi-layer coatings of hydroxyapatite (HA)-Ag/SiO2/TiN/Ti were obtained on the Ti-6Al-4V alloy, by means of the magnetron sputtering technique. During characterization of the coatings, the chemical composition was evaluated by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and the phase analysis was carried out by X-ray diffraction. The morphology of the coatings was observed by field emission scanning electron microscopy, while transmission electron microscopy was used to appreciate their structure. The adhesion of the coatings to the substrate was evaluated by micro scratch test. The in vitro biological response was evaluated in terms of cytotoxicity, adhesion and differentiation of mouse mesenchymal stem cells, as well as adhesion and bacterial viability of Staphylococcus aureus strain. Through the compositional study carried out, the deposition of the HA phase was verified, with a Ca/P ratio close to 1.67 and the characteristic diffraction peaks of this compound. The structural study of the coatings evidenced the obtention of multi-layer architectures. The use of an intermediate SiO2/TiN/Ti trilayer was found to improve adhesion between HA-Ag and the substrate by 84%. Finally, the in vitro biological tests carried out indicated a potentially non-toxic character in the coatings. Additionally, an antibacterial effect was registered at low concentrations of Ag (<0.25 mg/L).
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Lenis
- Centro de Investigación, innovación y Desarrollo de Materiales CIDEMAT, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.
| | - P Rico
- Centre for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, CBIT, Universitat Politècnica de València, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Valencia, Badajoz, Spain
| | - J L Gómez Ribelles
- Centre for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, CBIT, Universitat Politècnica de València, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Valencia, Badajoz, Spain
| | - M A Pacha-Olivenza
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Valencia, Badajoz, Spain; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and University Institute of Biosanitary Research of Extremadura (INUBE), University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | - M L González-Martín
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Valencia, Badajoz, Spain; Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and University Institute of Biosanitary Research of Extremadura (INUBE), University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | - F J Bolívar
- Centro de Investigación, innovación y Desarrollo de Materiales CIDEMAT, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
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Behera RR, Das A, Hasan A, Pamu D, Pandey LM, Sankar MR. Effect of TiO 2 addition on adhesion and biological behavior of BCP-TiO 2 composite films deposited by magnetron sputtering. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 114:111033. [PMID: 32994014 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The present investigation focuses on the deposition of biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) and titania (TiO2) composite films on Ti-6Al-4V substrates using radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering. Three different compositions such as 100% BCP, 25% TiO2-75% BCP and 50% TiO2-50% BCP films were fabricated, and the physical, mechanical and biological behaviors of the films were analyzed. Post deposition, the films were annealed at 700 °C for 2 h to induce the crystallinity and to study its effect on different properties. The wettability was found to be 95°(±3°) for 100% BCP, 73°(±2°) for 25% TiO2-75% BCP and 35°(±1°) for 50% TiO2-50% BCP films, indicating improvement in wettability with an increase of TiO2 weight percent in the composite films. The value of critical load (Lc2) for 100 BCP film improved from 8.7 N to 14.8 N (25 TiO2-BCP) and >19 N (50 TiO2-BCP film), indicating improvement in bonding strength with TiO2 addition. The fetal bovine serum (FBS) adsorption decreased from 7.11 ± 0.25 to 4.42 ± 0.17 μg/cm2 with TiO2 weight percent from 0 to 50%. Cell adhesion and proliferation significantly improved in 100% BCP, 25% TiO2-75% BCP and 50% TiO2-50% BCP films as compared to uncoated Ti-6Al-4V. The maximum cell proliferation was found on the surface of 50% TiO2-50% BCP film (210.1 ± 6.5%) after 6 days of incubation. However, after annealing all the films exhibited less cell adhesion and cytocompatibility presumably due to change in composition. Globular apatite structure was observed on all modified surfaces after 7 days immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF); however, the growth rate was higher for 50 TiO2-BCP films. All these results revealed that the addition of TiO2 in BCP film (without annealing) is advantageous for improving the bonding strength as well as the bioactivity of implants, which can be used for long-term dental and orthopedic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- R R Behera
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India; School of Mechanical Engineering, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024, India.
| | - A Das
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India.
| | - A Hasan
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India.
| | - D Pamu
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India.
| | - L M Pandey
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India.
| | - M R Sankar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh 517506, India.
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Fu Q, Liu Q, Li L, Li X, Gu H, Sheng B, Yang B. Study on microstructure, microhardness, bioactivity, and biocompatibility of La 2 O 3 -containing bioceramic coating doping SiO 2 fabricated by laser cladding. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2019; 108:2099-2107. [PMID: 31883307 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
To solve the lack of strength of calcium phosphate ceramic coatings in load-bearing applications, gradient Ca-P bioceramic coatings doped with La2 O3 and SiO2 are fabricated by laser cladding on Ti-6Al-4 V. The effect of SiO2 on microstructure, microhardness, bioactivity, and biocompatibility of coatings was investigated. The experimental results illustrate that the coating doped with La2 O3 and SiO2 has excellent metallurgical bonding. The XRD analysis confirms that the amount of hydroxyapatite and tricalcium phosphate in the coating reached maximum when doping amount of SiO2 is 10 wt %. SiO2 -doped coatings show a significantly higher bone-like apatite precipitation after immersion in SBF than that of other coatings. in vitro experiment also shows that coating with 10 wt % SiO2 is more suitable for the attachment and proliferation of MG63 cells, indicating that coating with 10 wt % SiO2 exhibits best bioactivity and biocompatibility. These results suggest that the addition of SiO2 improves the bonding strength, bioactivity, and biocompatibility of coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Fu
- College of Materials and Metallurgy, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Qibin Liu
- College of Materials and Metallurgy, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Long Li
- College of Materials and Metallurgy, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xingmao Li
- College of Materials and Metallurgy, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Huaizhang Gu
- College of Materials and Metallurgy, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Bo Sheng
- College of Materials and Metallurgy, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Bangcheng Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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5
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Qadir M, Li Y, Wen C. Ion-substituted calcium phosphate coatings by physical vapor deposition magnetron sputtering for biomedical applications: A review. Acta Biomater 2019; 89:14-32. [PMID: 30851454 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Coatings based on ion-substituted calcium phosphate (Ca-P) have attracted great attention in the scientific community over the past decade for the development of biomedical applications. Among such Ca-P based structures, hydroxyapatite (HA) has shown significant influence on cell behaviors including cell proliferation, adhesion, and differentiation. These cell behaviors determine the osseointegration between the implant and host bone and the biocompatibility of implants. This review presents a critical analysis on the physical vapor deposition magnetron sputtering (PVDMS) technique that has been used for ion-substituted Ca-P based coatings on implants materials. The effect of PVDMS processing parameters such as discharge power, bias voltage, deposition time, substrate temperature, and post-heat treatment on the surface properties of ion-substituted Ca-P coatings is elucidated. Moreover, the advantages, short comings and future research directions of Ca-P coatings by PVDMS have been comprehensively analyzed. It is revealed that the topography and surface chemistry of amorphous HA coatings influence the cell behavior, and ion-substituted HA coatings significantly increase cell attachment but may result in a cytotoxic effect that reduces the growth of the cells attached to the coating surface areas. Meanwhile, low-crystalline HA coatings exhibit lower rates of osteogenic cell proliferation as compared to highly crystalline HA coatings developed on Ti based surfaces. PVDMS allows a close reproduction of bioapatite characteristics with high adhesion strength and substitution of therapeutic ions. It can also be used for processing nanostructured Ca-P coatings on polymeric biomaterials and biodegradable metals and alloys with enhanced corrosion resistance and biocompatibility. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Recent studies have utilized the physical vapor deposition magnetron sputtering (PVDMS) for the deposition of Ca-P and ion-substituted Ca-P thin film coatings on orthopedic and dental implants. This review explains the effect of PVDMS processing parameters, such as discharge power, bias voltage, deposition time, substrate temperature, and post-heat treatment, on the surface morphology and crystal structure of ion-substituted Ca-P and ion-substituted Ca-P thin coatings. It is revealed that coating thickness, surface morphology and crystal structure of ion-substituted Ca-P coatings via PVDMS directly affect the biocompatibility and cell responses of such structures. The cell responses determine the osseointegration between the implant and host bone and eventually the success of the implants.
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Zhang S, Liu Q, Li L, Bai Y, Yang B. The controllable lanthanum ion release from Ca-P coating fabricated by laser cladding and its effect on osteoclast precursors. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2018; 93:1027-1035. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.08.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Faria D, Abreu CS, Buciumeanu M, Dourado N, Carvalho O, Silva FS, Miranda G. Ti6Al4V laser surface preparation and functionalization using hydroxyapatite for biomedical applications. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2017; 106:1534-1545. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 06/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Faria
- Center for Microelectromechanical Systems (CMEMS); University of Minho, Campus de Azurém; 4800-058 Guimarães Portugal
| | - C. S. Abreu
- Center for Microelectromechanical Systems (CMEMS); University of Minho, Campus de Azurém; 4800-058 Guimarães Portugal
- Physics Department; Porto Superior Engineering Institute, ISEP; Portugal
| | - M. Buciumeanu
- Cross-Border Faculty of Humanities; Economics and Engineering, “Dunărea de Jos” University of Galaţi; 800008 Galati Romania
| | - N. Dourado
- Center for Microelectromechanical Systems (CMEMS); University of Minho, Campus de Azurém; 4800-058 Guimarães Portugal
| | - O. Carvalho
- Center for Microelectromechanical Systems (CMEMS); University of Minho, Campus de Azurém; 4800-058 Guimarães Portugal
| | - F. S. Silva
- Center for Microelectromechanical Systems (CMEMS); University of Minho, Campus de Azurém; 4800-058 Guimarães Portugal
| | - G. Miranda
- Center for Microelectromechanical Systems (CMEMS); University of Minho, Campus de Azurém; 4800-058 Guimarães Portugal
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Ayu HM, Izman S, Daud R, Krishnamurithy G, Shah A, Tomadi S, Salwani M. Surface Modification on CoCrMo Alloy to Improve the Adhesion Strength of Hydroxyapatite Coating. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.proeng.2017.04.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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9
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Onder S, Calikoglu-Koyuncu AC, Kazmanli K, Urgen M, Torun Kose G, Kok FN. Behavior of mammalian cells on magnesium substituted bare and hydroxyapatite deposited (Ti,Mg)N coatings. N Biotechnol 2015; 32:747-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2014.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Revised: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Preparation and bioactive properties of nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite thin films obtained by conversion of atomic layer deposited calcium carbonate. Biointerphases 2014; 9:031008. [DOI: 10.1116/1.4889975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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11
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Microstructures, hardness and bioactivity of hydroxyapatite coatings deposited by direct laser melting process. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2014; 43:189-98. [PMID: 25175204 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2014.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Revised: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxyapatite (HAP) coatings on bioinert metals such as Ti-6Al-4V are necessary for biomedical applications. Together, HAP and Ti-6Al-4V are biocompatible and bioactive. The challenges of depositing HAP on Ti-6Al-4V with traditional thermal spraying techniques are well founded. In this paper, HAP was coated on Ti-6Al-4V using direct laser melting (DLM) process. This process, unlike the traditional coating processes, is able to achieve coatings with good metallurgical bonding and little dilution. The microstructural and mechanical properties, chemical composition and bio-activities of the produced coatings were studied with optical microscopy, scanning electron microscope equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and Vickers hardness machine, and by immersion test in Hanks' solution. The results showed that the choice of the laser power has much influence on the evolving microstructure, the mechanical properties and the retainment of HAP on the surface of the coating. Also, the choice of laser power of 750 W led to no dilution. The microhardness results inferred a strong intermetallic-ceramic interfacial bonding; which meant that the 750 W coating could survive long in service. Also, the coating was softer at the surface and stronger in the heat affected zones. Hence, this process parameter setting can be considered as an optimal setting. The soak tests revealed that the surface of the coating had unmelted crystals of HAP. The CaP ratio conducted on the soaked coating was 2.00 which corresponded to tetra calcium phosphate. This coating seems attractive for metallic implant applications.
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Onder S, Kok FN, Kazmanli K, Urgen M. Magnesium substituted hydroxyapatite formation on (Ti,Mg)N coatings produced by cathodic arc PVD technique. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2013; 33:4337-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2013.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Revised: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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dos Santos EA, Moldovan S, Mateescu M, Faerber J, Acosta M, Pelletier H, Anselme K, Werckmann J. Physical–chemical and biological behavior of an amorphous calcium phosphate thin film produced by RF-magnetron sputtering. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2012; 32:2086-2095. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2012.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2011] [Revised: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 05/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Huan Z, Fratila-Apachitei LE, Apachitei I, Duszczyk J. Characterization of Porous TiO2 Surfaces Formed on 316L Stainless Steel by Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation for Stent Applications. J Funct Biomater 2012; 3:349-60. [PMID: 24955536 PMCID: PMC4047934 DOI: 10.3390/jfb3020349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2012] [Revised: 04/25/2012] [Accepted: 04/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a porous oxide layer was formed on the surface of 316L stainless steel (SS) by combining Ti magnetron sputtering and plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) with the aim to produce a polymer-free drug carrier for drug eluting stent (DES) applications. The oxidation was performed galvanostatically in Na3PO4 electrolyte. The surface porosity, average pore size and roughness varied with PEO treatment duration, and under optimum conditions, the surface showed a porosity of 7.43%, an average pore size of 0.44 µm and a roughness (Ra) of 0.34 µm. The EDS analyses revealed that the porous layer consisted of Ti, O and P. The cross-sectional morphology evidenced a double-layer structure, with a porous titania surface and an un-oxidized dense Ti film towards the interface with 316L SS. After the PEO treatment, wettability and surface free energy increased significantly. The results of the present study confirm the feasibility of forming a porous TiO2 layer on stainless steel by combining sputtering technology and PEO. Further, the resultant porous oxide layer has the potential to be used as a drug carrier for DES, thus avoiding the complications associated with the polymer based carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiguang Huan
- Department of BioMechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, Delft 2628 CD, The Netherlands.
| | - Lidy E Fratila-Apachitei
- Department of BioMechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, Delft 2628 CD, The Netherlands.
| | - Iulian Apachitei
- Department of BioMechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, Delft 2628 CD, The Netherlands.
| | - Jurek Duszczyk
- Department of BioMechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, Delft 2628 CD, The Netherlands.
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Bai X, More K, Rouleau CM, Rabiei A. Functionally graded hydroxyapatite coatings doped with antibacterial components. Acta Biomater 2010; 6:2264-73. [PMID: 19969112 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2009.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2009] [Revised: 11/26/2009] [Accepted: 12/01/2009] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
A series of functionally graded hydroxyapatite (FGHA) coatings incorporated with various percentages of silver were deposited on titanium substrates using ion beam-assisted deposition. The analysis of the coating's cross-section using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning transmission electron microscopy equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy has shown a decreased crystallinity as well as a distribution of nanoscale (10-50nm) silver particles from the coating/substrate interface to top surface. Both X-ray diffraction and fast Fourier transforms on high-resolution TEM images revealed the presence of hydroxyapatite within the coatings. The amount of Ag (wt.%) on the outer surface of the FGHA, as determined from X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, ranged from 1.09 to 6.59, which was about half of the average Ag wt.% incorporated in the entire coating. Average adhesion strengths evaluated by pull-off tests were in the range of 83+/-6 to 88+/-3MPa, which is comparable to 85MPa for FGHA without silver. Further optical observations of failed areas illustrated that the dominant failure mechanism was epoxy failure, and FGHA coating delamination was not observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Bai
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
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16
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Weng HA, Wu CC, Chen CC, Ho CC, Ding SJ. Preparation and properties of gold nanoparticle-electrodeposited titanium substrates with Arg-Gly-Asp-Cys peptides. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2010; 21:1511-1519. [PMID: 20162323 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-010-4026-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2009] [Accepted: 02/01/2010] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Titanium metal has good biocompatibility, superior mechanical properties and excellent corrosion resistance. Like most metals, however, it exhibits poor bioactive properties and fails to bond to bone tissue. To improve its bioactivity, bioactive molecules, such as peptides, can be grafted onto titanium surfaces. In order to do this, the first step may be to establish a stable and compatible linking layer on the titanium surface. In this study, we used electrochemical methods to deposit gold (Au) nanoparticles onto titanium substrates, to which we then grafted arginine-glycine-asparagine-cysteine (RGDC) peptides by thiolate covalent coupling. Properties of electrodeposited Au nanoparticles were evaluated using a variety of techniques, including microstructural, chemical and electrochemical measurements. The biological responses of the RGDC-grafted Ti substrates were evaluated using MG3 human osteoblast-like cells. The results of thin-film X-ray diffraction (TFXRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicated the polycrystalline orientation of Au nanoparticles deposited on the titanium surfaces with high density and controllable particle size. The RGDC peptide could be covalently bonded to Au-deposited Ti substrates via Au-thiolate species, as expected. Cell morphology showed that, on RGDC-immobilized titanium with Au particles, MG63 cells attached and spread more rapidly than on Ti substrates either without peptide or with direct loading of the peptide. Immunostaining for focal adhesion kinase (FAK) demonstrated that RGDC enhanced cell attachment. The present method for the formation of Au nanoparticles may serve as an alternative route for bioactive molecule immobilization on Ti implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-An Weng
- Dental Department, Changhua Christian Hospital, 500, Changhua County, Taiwan
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Galvanostatic pulse deposition of hydroxyapatite for adhesion to titanium for biomedical purposes. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2010.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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18
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Bai X, Sandukas S, Appleford MR, Ong JL, Rabiei A. Deposition and investigation of functionally graded calcium phosphate coatings on titanium. Acta Biomater 2009; 5:3563-72. [PMID: 19463973 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2009.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2008] [Revised: 03/26/2009] [Accepted: 05/12/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A series of calcium phosphate coatings with graded crystallinity were deposited onto heated titanium substrates using ion beam assisted deposition. The microstructure of the coating was examined using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The coating thickness was observed to be in a range of 594-694 nm. The degree of crystallinity and microstructural grain size of the coating showed a clear decrease with increasing distance from the substrate-coating interface. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed the presence of PO(4)(3-), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis on the coating top surface showed that the atomic Ca/P ratio was in the range of 1.52+/-0.15 to 1.61+/-0.07. The biological response to the coatings was also evaluated using an osteoblast precursor cell culture test. More cells and a higher integrin expression of cell attachment sites were observed on the coating surface when compared to the control group (blank titanium surface). The pull-off test showed average adhesion strengths at the coating-substrate interface to be higher than 85.12+/-5.37 MPa. Nanoindentation tests indicated that the Young's moduli of all coatings are higher than 91.747+/-3.641 GPa and microhardness values are higher than 5.275+/-0.315 GPa. While the adhesion strength results helped us to identify the best setup for substrate temperature and processing parameters to begin the deposition, the culture test and XPS results helped identifying the optimum parameters for the last stage of deposition. TEM, X-ray diffraction, FTIR and nanoidentation results were used to further evaluate the quality of the coating and optimization of its processing parameters.
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Blackwood D, Seah K. Electrochemical cathodic deposition of hydroxyapatite: Improvements in adhesion and crystallinity. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2008.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Hydroxyapatite Coatings on Titanium Prepared by Electrodeposition in a Modified Simulated Body Fluid. Chin J Chem Eng 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1004-9541(08)60261-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Sputter deposition of calcium phosphate/titanium dioxide hybrid thin films. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2006.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Boyd AR, Burke GA, Duffy H, Cairns ML, O'Hare P, Meenan BJ. Characterisation of calcium phosphate/titanium dioxide hybrid coatings. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2008; 19:485-98. [PMID: 17607520 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-006-0031-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2006] [Accepted: 10/19/2006] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The role of titanium dioxide (TiO2) as a means to engender enhanced stability into calcium phosphate (Ca-P) coatings has been well recognised. Several different methods have been used to create such Ca-P/TiO2 hybrid layers on a range of substrates. This paper reports the properties of a Ca-P/TiO2 system created by the sputter deposition of hydroxyapatite onto a titanium surface and the subsequent thermal diffusion of TiO2 through the porous Ca-P layer. The role of temperature in determining the surface contribution from TiO2 has been determined. Coatings annealed up to 600 degrees C did not exhibit any hybrid nature in the uppermost surface, however the coatings annealed to 700 degrees C did show the presence of both HA and rutile TiO2. The surfaces annealed to 800 degrees C were predominantly rutile TiO2. It was also observed that the Ca/P ratio decreased with increasing annealing temperature and that the coating annealed to 700 degrees C had a value of 1.82 +/- 0.07, which was closest to stoichiometric HA. Furthermore, the coatings that were annealed to 700 degrees C displayed a Ca-P/TiO2 hybrid nature, specifically in their uppermost surface and supported the growth and proliferation of osteoblast-like cells more readily when compared to the HA coatings or the rutile TiO2 surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Boyd
- Northern Ireland Bioengineering Centre/Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Research Institute, University of Ulster at Jordanstown, Shore Road, Room 25A18, Newtownabbey, Co. Antrim, Northern Ireland, UK.
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A novel technique for processing functionally graded HA coatings. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2006.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Hacking SA, Zuraw M, Harvey EJ, Tanzer M, Krygier JJ, Bobyn JD. A physical vapor deposition method for controlled evaluation of biological response to biomaterial chemistry and topography. J Biomed Mater Res A 2007; 82:179-87. [PMID: 17269149 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.31131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to characterize a technique to effectively mask surface chemistry without modifying surface topography. A thin layer of titanium was deposited by physical vapor deposition (PVD) onto different biomaterial surfaces. Commercially pure titanium disks were equally divided into three groups. Disks were either polished to a mirror finish, grit blasted with alumina particles, or grit blasted and subsequently plasma sprayed with a commercial grade of hydroxyapatite (HA). A subgroup of each of these treatment types was further treated by masking the entire disk surface with a thin layer of commercially pure titanium deposited by PVD. A comparison of surface topography and chemical composition was carried out between disks within each treatment group. Canine marrow cells were seeded on all disk surfaces to determine the stability of the PVD Ti mask under culture conditions. The PVD process did not significantly alter the surface topography of any samples. The thin titanium layer completely masked the underlying chemistry of the plasma sprayed HA surface and the chemistry of the plasma vapor deposited titanium layer did not differ from that of the commercially pure titanium disks. Aliquots obtained from the media during culture did not indicate any significant differences in Ti concentration amongst the Ti and Ti-masked surfaces. The PVD application of a Ti layer on HA coatings formed a stable, durable, and homogenous layer that effectively masked the underlying surface chemistry without altering the surface topography.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Hacking
- Jo Miller Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
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Chen CC, Huang TH, Kao CT, Ding SJ. Characterization of functionally graded hydroxyapatite/titanium composite coatings plasma-sprayed on Ti alloys. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2006; 78:146-52. [PMID: 16292766 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.30465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Bioceramic coatings like hydroxyapatite (HA) have shown promising bioactive properties in load-bearing implant applications. The aim of this work is to deposit functionally graded HA/Ti layers consisting of an underlying Ti bond coat, the alternating layer, and an HA top-layer on Ti6Al4V substrates using plasma spray to improve the coating-substrate interface properties. The alternating layers were created by means of changing the feeding rate and input power of Ti and HA powders, which gradually decrease Ti content with increasing depth from the Ti bond-coat. The major consideration is to examine the stability of the graded coatings. Experimental results indicated that surface chemistry and morphology of the graded coatings were similar to those of monolithic HA coatings. The bond strength values of the as-sprayed graded coatings were much superior to those of monolithic HA coatings. The cyclic fatigue did have a statistically significant effect on bond strength of monolithic HA coatings, with a decrease of 23%. However, the graded coatings were able to survive 1 million cycles of loading in air without significantly reduced bond strength. The in vitro electrochemical measurement results also indicated that the graded coatings had a more beneficial and desired behavior than monolithic HA coatings after fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Cheng Chen
- School of Dentistry, Chung-Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Frenkel SR, Simon J, Alexander H, Dennis M, Ricci JL. Osseointegration on metallic implant surfaces: effects of microgeometry and growth factor treatment. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH 2003; 63:706-13. [PMID: 12418014 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.10408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Orthopedic implants often loosen due to the invasion of fibrous tissue. The aim of this study was to devise a novel implant surface that would speed healing adjacent to the surface, and create a stable interface for bone integration, by using a chemoattractant for bone precursor cells, and by controlling tissue migration at implant surfaces via specific surface microgeometry design. Experimental surfaces were tested in a canine implantable chamber that simulates the intramedullary bone response around total joint implants. Titanium and alloy surfaces were prepared with specific microgeometries, designed to optimize tissue attachment and control fibrous encapsulation. TGF beta, a mitogen and chemoattractant (Hunziker EB, Rosenberg LC. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1996;78:721-733) for osteoprogenitor cells, was used to recruit progenitor cells to the implant surface and to enhance their proliferation. Calcium sulfate hemihydrate (CS) was the delivery vehicle for TGF beta; CS resorbs rapidly and appears to be osteoconductive. Animals were sacrificed at 6 and 12 weeks postoperatively. Results indicated that TGFbeta can be reliably released in an active form from a calcium sulfate carrier in vivo. The growth factor had a significant effect on bone ingrowth into implant channels at an early time period, although this effect was not seen with higher doses at later periods. Adjustment of dosage should render TGF beta more potent at later time periods. Calcium sulfate treatment without TGF beta resulted in a significant increase in bone ingrowth throughout the 12-week time period studied. Bone response to the microgrooved surfaces was dramatic, causing greater ingrowth in 9 of the 12 experimental conditions. Microgrooves also enhanced the mechanical strength of CS-coated specimens. The grooved surface was able to control the direction of ingrowth. This surface treatment may result in a clinically valuable implant design to induce rapid ingrowth and a strong bone-implant interface, contributing to implant longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally R Frenkel
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Musculoskeletal Research Center, New York University Hospital for Joint Diseases, New York, New York 10003, USA.
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Kotzar G, Freas M, Abel P, Fleischman A, Roy S, Zorman C, Moran JM, Melzak J. Evaluation of MEMS materials of construction for implantable medical devices. Biomaterials 2002; 23:2737-50. [PMID: 12059024 DOI: 10.1016/s0142-9612(02)00007-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Medical devices based on microelectro-mechanical systems (MEMS) platforms are currently being proposed for a wide variety of implantable applications. However, biocompatibility data for typical MEMS materials of construction and processing, obtained from standard tests currently recognized by regulatory agencies, has not been published. Likewise, the effects of common sterilization techniques on MEMS material properties have not been reported. Medical device regulatory requirements dictate that materials that are biocompatibility tested be processed and sterilized in a manner equivalent to the final production device. Material, processing, and sterilization method can impact the final result. Six candidate materials for implantable MEMS devices, and one encapsulating material, were fabricated using typical MEMS processing techniques and sterilized. All seven materials were evaluated using a baseline battery of ISO 10993 physicochemical and biocompatibility tests. In addition, samples of these materials were evaluated using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) pre- and post-sterilization. While not addressing all facets of ISO 10993 testing, the biocompatibility and SEM data indicate few concerns about use of these materials in implant applications.
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The process of electrochemical deposited hydroxyapatite coatings on biomedical titanium at room temperature. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0928-4931(02)00026-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 254] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Frenkel SR, Jaffe WL, Valle CD, Jazrawi L, Maurer S, Baitner A, Wright K, Sala D, Hawkins M, Di Cesare PE. The effect of alendronate (Fosamax) and implant surface on bone integration and remodeling in a canine model. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH 2002; 58:645-50. [PMID: 11745516 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.1064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Patients at high risk for osteoporosis and its associated morbidity, including postmenopausal women, are being pharmacologically managed to stabilize and improve bone mass. Alendronate sodium (Fosamax) is a commonly used antiresorptive agent effective in osteopenic women for reducing bone resorption, increasing bone density, and decreasing fracture incidence. With the increased incidence of alendronate-treated women who are undergoing hip replacement or fracture repair by prosthesis placement, data are needed to predict how alendronate affects host bone integration with uncemented surfaces. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of alendronate on new bone formation and attachment to implant surfaces in a normal and simulated estrogen-deficient, calcium-deficient canine model, using an implantable bone growth chamber. Alendronate did not affect host bone integration to surfaces commonly used in uncemented total joint arthroplasty, but there were significant differences dependent solely on the type of surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Frenkel
- Musculoskeletal Research Center and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University Hospital for Joint Diseases, New York, New York 10003, USA.
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