1
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The production and application of bacterial exopolysaccharides as biomaterials for bone regeneration. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 291:119550. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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2
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Profilometer Comparison of the Surface Roughness of Four Denture Base Resins: An In Vitro Study. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12041837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: The roughness of denture base materials is mainly affected by inherent material features, the polishing technique, and the operator’s manual skills. The surface irregularities of the denture base resin’s roughness profile is one of the components characterizing the superficial topography of dental prostheses, and it is a critical parameter for describing surface morphology. Generally, the increment of the surface roughness minimizes cleanability and promotes the rate of bacterial adherence, affecting the expression of bacterial adhesins. The purpose of this in vitro study was to investigate the roughness of four commercially available denture base resins employed for removable prosthodontics. Methods: Twenty-five specimens were realized and submitted to observation for three dimensions (vertically, horizontally, 45°). Average surface roughness (Ra), Rv, Rp, and Rq were measured with a calibrated mechanical roughness tester (Taylor Hobson Surtronic 25; Taylor Hobson, Leicester, UK). Data were analyzed through a Kruskal–Wallis test. Results: Significant differences in Ra between the groups were assessed. Baltic Denture System™ (Merz Dental GmbH; Lütjenburg, Germania) showed a lower surface roughness coefficient and a more homogeneous surface. Conclusions: The functional importance of surface roughness parameters for denture base materials must be explored, not only considering recognized surface features.
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Pleva P, Bartošová L, Máčalová D, Zálešáková L, Sedlaříková J, Janalíková M. Biofilm Formation Reduction by Eugenol and Thymol on Biodegradable Food Packaging Material. Foods 2021; 11:foods11010002. [PMID: 35010130 PMCID: PMC8750975 DOI: 10.3390/foods11010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilm is a structured community of microorganisms adhering to surfaces of various polymeric materials used in food packaging. Microbes in the biofilm may affect food quality. However, the presence of biofilm can ensure biodegradation of discarded packaging. This work aims to evaluate a biofilm formation on the selected biodegradable polymer films: poly (lactic acid) (PLA), poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT), and poly (butylene succinate) (PBS) by selected bacterial strains; collection strains of Escherichiacoli, Staphylococcusaureus; and Bacillus pumilus, Bacillussubtilis, Bacillustequilensis, and Stenotrophomonasmaltophilia isolated from dairy products. Three different methods for biofilm evaluation were performed: the Christensen method, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, and fluorescence microscopy. High biofilm formation was confirmed on the control PBS film, whereas low biofilm formation ability was observed on the PLA polymer sample. Furthermore, the films with incorporated antimicrobial compounds (thymol or eugenol) were also prepared. Antimicrobial activity and also reduction in biofilm formation on enriched polymer films were determined. Therefore, they were all proved to be antimicrobial and effective in reducing biofilm formation. These films can be used to prepare novel active food packaging for the dairy industry to prevent biofilm formation and enhance food quality and safety in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Pleva
- Department of Environmental Protection Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, 275 Vavreckova, 76001 Zlin, Czech Republic; (P.P.); (L.B.); (D.M.)
| | - Lucie Bartošová
- Department of Environmental Protection Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, 275 Vavreckova, 76001 Zlin, Czech Republic; (P.P.); (L.B.); (D.M.)
| | - Daniela Máčalová
- Department of Environmental Protection Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, 275 Vavreckova, 76001 Zlin, Czech Republic; (P.P.); (L.B.); (D.M.)
| | - Ludmila Zálešáková
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, nam. T. G. Masaryka 5555, 76001 Zlin, Czech Republic;
| | - Jana Sedlaříková
- Department of Fat, Surfactant and Cosmetics Technology, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, 275 Vavreckova, 76001 Zlin, Czech Republic;
| | - Magda Janalíková
- Department of Environmental Protection Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, 275 Vavreckova, 76001 Zlin, Czech Republic; (P.P.); (L.B.); (D.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-57-603-1020
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Vinx N, Damman P, Leclère P, Bresson B, Fretigny C, Poleunis C, Delcorte A, Cossement D, Snyders R, Thiry D. Investigating the relationship between the mechanical properties of plasma polymer-like thin films and their glass transition temperature. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:10032-10041. [PMID: 34705005 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm01134k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This work aims at understanding the influence of the substrate temperature (Ts) on the viscoelastic properties of propanethiol plasma polymer films (PPFs). By means of state-of-the-art AFM characterization-based techniques including peak force quantitative nanomechanical mapping (PFQNM), nano dynamic mechanical analysis (nDMA) and "scratch" experiments, it has been demonstrated that the mechanical behaviour of PPFs is dramatically affected by the thermal conditions of the substrate. Indeed, the material behaves from a high viscous liquid (i.e. viscosity ∼ 106 Pa s) to a viscoelastic solid (loss modulus ∼ 1.17 GPa, storage modulus ∼ 1.61 GPa) and finally to an elastic solid (loss modulus ∼ 1.95 GPa, storage modulus ∼ 8.51 GPa) when increasing Ts from 10 to 45 °C. This behaviour is ascribed to an increase in the surface glass transition temperature of the polymeric network. The latter has been correlated with the chemical composition through the presence of unbound molecules acting as plasticizers and the cross-linking density of the layers. In a second step, this knowledge is exploited for the fabrication of a nanopattern by generating surface instabilities in the propanethiol PPF/Al bilayer system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Vinx
- Chimie des Interactions Plasma-Surface (ChIPS), CIRMAP, University of Mons, 20 Place du Parc, B-7000 Mons, Belgium.
| | - Pascal Damman
- Interface et Fluides Complexes (Influx), CIRMAP, University of Mons, 20 Place du Parc, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Philippe Leclère
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials (CMN), CIRMAP, University of Mons, 20 Place du Parc, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Bruno Bresson
- Sciences et Ingénierie de la Matière Molle (SIMM), ESPCI, 10 rue Vauquelin, F-75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Christian Fretigny
- Sciences et Ingénierie de la Matière Molle (SIMM), ESPCI, 10 rue Vauquelin, F-75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Claude Poleunis
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences (IMCN), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Place Louis Pasteur 1, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Arnaud Delcorte
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences (IMCN), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Place Louis Pasteur 1, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Damien Cossement
- Materia Nova Research Center, Parc Initialis, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Rony Snyders
- Chimie des Interactions Plasma-Surface (ChIPS), CIRMAP, University of Mons, 20 Place du Parc, B-7000 Mons, Belgium.
- Materia Nova Research Center, Parc Initialis, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Damien Thiry
- Chimie des Interactions Plasma-Surface (ChIPS), CIRMAP, University of Mons, 20 Place du Parc, B-7000 Mons, Belgium.
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Wigmosta T, Popat K, Kipper MJ. Gentamicin-Releasing Titania Nanotube Surfaces Inhibit Bacteria and Support Adipose-Derived Stem Cell Growth in Cocultures. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:4936-4945. [PMID: 35007042 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Infection is the second leading cause of failure of orthopedic implants following incomplete osseointegration. Materials that increase the antimicrobial properties of surfaces while maintaining the ability for bone cells to attach and proliferate could reduce the failure rates of orthopedic implants. In this study, titania nanotubes (Nts) were modified with chitosan/heparin polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) for gentamicin delivery. The antimicrobial activity of the surfaces was tested by coculturing bacteria with mammalian cells. Over 60% of gentamicin remained on the surface after an initial burst release on the first day. Antimicrobial activity of these surfaces was determined by exposure to Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Gram-negative Escherichia coli (E. coli) for up to 24 h. Gentamicin surfaces had less live E. coli and S. aureus by 6 h and less E. coli by 24 h compared to Nt surfaces. S. aureus and human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) were cocultured on surfaces for up to 7 days to characterize the so-called "race to the surface" between bacteria and mammalian cells, which is hypothesized to ultimately determine the outcome of orthopedic implants. By day 7, there was no significant difference in bacteria between surfaces with gentamicin adsorbed on the surface and surfaces with gentamicin in solution. However, gentamicin delivered in solution is toxic to hADSCs. Alternatively, gentamicin presented from PEMs enhances the antimicrobial properties of the surfaces without inhibiting hADSC attachment and cell growth. Delivering gentamicin from the surfaces is therefore superior to delivering gentamicin in solution and represents a strategy that could improve the antimicrobial activity of orthopedic implants and reduce risk of failure due to infection, without reducing mammalian cell attachment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara Wigmosta
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins 80523, Colorado, United States
| | - Ketul Popat
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins 80523, Colorado, United States.,School of Advanced Materials Discovery, Colorado State University, Fort Collins 80523, Colorado, United States.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins 80523, Colorado, United States
| | - Matt J Kipper
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins 80523, Colorado, United States.,School of Advanced Materials Discovery, Colorado State University, Fort Collins 80523, Colorado, United States.,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins 80523, Colorado, United States
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Ghilini F, Pissinis DE, Miñán A, Schilardi PL, Diaz C. How Functionalized Surfaces Can Inhibit Bacterial Adhesion and Viability. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:4920-4936. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b00849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fiorela Ghilini
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, UNLP − CONICET, CC16 Suc 4 (1900), La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Diego E. Pissinis
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, UNLP − CONICET, CC16 Suc 4 (1900), La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandro Miñán
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, UNLP − CONICET, CC16 Suc 4 (1900), La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Patricia L. Schilardi
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, UNLP − CONICET, CC16 Suc 4 (1900), La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carolina Diaz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, UNLP − CONICET, CC16 Suc 4 (1900), La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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7
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Helling A, Grote C, Büning D, Ulbricht M, Wessling M, Polakovic M, Thom V. Influence of flow alterations on bacteria retention during microfiltration. J Memb Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2019.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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8
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Is Propionibacterium acnes a Causative Agent in Benign Prostate Hyperplasia and Prostate Cancer? ARCHIVES OF CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2018. [DOI: 10.5812/archcid.58947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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9
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Andreotti AM, De Sousa CA, Goiato MC, Freitas da Silva EV, Duque C, Moreno A, Dos Santos DM. In vitro evaluation of microbial adhesion on the different surface roughness of acrylic resin specific for ocular prosthesis. Eur J Dent 2018; 12:176-183. [PMID: 29988209 PMCID: PMC6004800 DOI: 10.4103/ejd.ejd_50_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of surface roughness in biofilm formation of four microorganisms (Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, and Candida albicans) on acrylic resin surface of ocular prostheses. MATERIALS AND METHODS Acrylic resin samples were divided into six groups according to polishing: Group 1200S (1200 grit + silica solution); Group 1200; Group 800; Group 400; Group 120 and Group unpolished. Surface roughness was measured using a profilometer and surface images obtained with atomic force microscopy. Microbial growth was evaluated after 4, 24, and 48 hours of incubation by counting colony-forming units. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED For roughness, it was performed 1-way ANOVA and parametric Tukey test α5% (P ≤ 0.05). For CFU data found, it was applied Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests. RESULTS Group 120 and 400 presented the highest roughness values. For S. epidermidis and S. aureus, Group 1200S presented the lowest values of microbial growth. For E. faecalis at 4 hour, microbial growth was not observed. C. albicans did not adhere to the acrylic resin. Except for Group 1200S, different surface roughnesses did not statistically interfere with microbial adhesion and growth on acrylic surfaces of ocular prostheses. CONCLUSIONS The roughness did not interfere with the microbial adhesion of the microorganisms evaluated. The use of silica decreases significantly microbial growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agda Marobo Andreotti
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Aracatuba Dental School, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Aracatuba, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cecília Alves De Sousa
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Aracatuba Dental School, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Aracatuba, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Coelho Goiato
- Bucal Oncology Center, Aracatuba Dental School, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Aracatuba, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Emily Vivianne Freitas da Silva
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Aracatuba Dental School, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Aracatuba, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Duque
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Aracatuba Dental School, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Aracatuba, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Amália Moreno
- Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Daniela Micheline Dos Santos
- Bucal Oncology Center, Aracatuba Dental School, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Aracatuba, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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10
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Vadyvaloo V, Otto M. Molecular Genetics of Staphylococcus Epidermidis Biofilms on Indwelling Medical Devices. Int J Artif Organs 2018; 28:1069-78. [PMID: 16353113 DOI: 10.1177/039139880502801104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus epidermidis is an opportunistic pathogen associated with foreign body infections and nosocomial sepsis. The pathogenicity of S. epidermidis is mostly due to its ability to colonize indwelling polymeric devices and form a thick, multilayered biofilm. Biofilm formation is a major problem in treating S. epidermidis infection as biofilms provide significant resistance to antibiotics and to components of the innate host defenses. Various cell surface associated bacterial factors play a role in adherence and accumulation of the biofilm such as the polysaccharide intercellular adhesin and the autolysin AtlE. Furthermore, recent studies have shown that global regulators such as the agr quorum sensing system, the transcriptional regulator sarA and the alternative sigma factor sigB have an important function in the regulation of biofilm formation. Understanding the many complex mechanisms involved in biofilm formation is a key factor in the search for new anti-staphylococcal therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Vadyvaloo
- Rocky Mountain Laboratories, NIAID/NIH, Hamilton, MT, USA
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11
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Guiotti AM, da Silva EVF, Catanoze IA, de Carvalho KHT, Malavazi EM, Goiato MC, Dos Santos DM, de Almeida MTG. Microbiological analysis of conjunctival secretion in anophthalmic cavity, contralateral eye and ocular prosthesis of patients with maxillofacial abnormalities. Lett Appl Microbiol 2018; 66:104-109. [PMID: 29193183 DOI: 10.1111/lam.12830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 07/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to identify and analyse the micro-organisms present in the conjunctival secretion in anophthalmic cavities of wearers of ocular prostheses, as well as on the prostheses used by them, correlating them with the microbiota of the contralateral eye. Nine patients with maxillofacial abnormalities, wearers of an acrylic resin ocular prosthesis participated in the study. Collections of conjunctival secretions and biofilm were performed on the prosthesis, anophthalmic cavity and contralateral eye for the mycological and bacterial analyses. The data were submitted to statistical analysis, performing a Kendall correlation test to identify the correlation between the collection site and the identified micro-organism (P < 0·05). It was verified that the most prevalent micro-organisms were the Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis, independent of the collection site, and that negative cultures for fungi were encountered in 85·2% of collections, independent of the region. It was not possible to establish a correlation among the types of micro-organisms and the collection sites. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Some evidence suggests that the surface roughness of ocular prostheses can influence interactions with micro-organisms, with greater prejudicial consequences, such as the establishment of biofilms, which could lead to infections. Thus, it becomes extremely important to identify the micro-organisms present on the acrylic surfaces of ocular prostheses, as well as the microbiota of the anophthalmic cavity and contralateral eye of wearers of the same, so that subsequent control measures promote the homeostatic maintenance of the ocular region.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Guiotti
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - E V F da Silva
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - I A Catanoze
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - K H T de Carvalho
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - E M Malavazi
- Oral Oncology Center, Araçatuba Dental School, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M C Goiato
- Oral Oncology Center, Araçatuba Dental School, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - D M Dos Santos
- Oral Oncology Center, Araçatuba Dental School, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M T G de Almeida
- Department of Dermatological, Infectious and Parasitical Diseases, São José do Rio Preto Medical School (FAMERP) São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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12
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Shi ZL, Chua PH, Neoh KG, Kang ET, Wang W. Bioactive Titanium Implant Surfaces with Bacterial Inhibition and Osteoblast Function Enhancement Properties. Int J Artif Organs 2018; 31:777-85. [DOI: 10.1177/039139880803100905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Infection in orthopedic implant surgery is a serious complication and a major cause of implant failure. Upon implant insertion, a contest between microbial colonization and tissue integration of the implant surface ensues. This race for the surface determines the probability of tissue integration or infection, and the surface properties of the substrate have an important role to play in determining the outcome. A number of strategies have been developed for the modification of implant surfaces to promote bone cell (osteoblast) functions and inhibit bacterial adhesion and growth. In this article, a review is given of these surface modification strategies, in particular those which can achieve the dual aim of bacterial inhibition and simultaneous enhancement of osteoblast functions. Surfaces of these types can be expected to have excellent potential for orthopedic applications. (Int J Artif Organs 2008; 31: 777–85)
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Affiliation(s)
- Z. L. Shi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge - Singapore
| | - P. H. Chua
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge - Singapore
| | - K. G. Neoh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge - Singapore
| | - E. T. Kang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge - Singapore
| | - W. Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge - Singapore
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Qiu Y, Zhang N, An YH, Wen X. Biomaterial Strategies to Reduce Implant-Associated Infections. Int J Artif Organs 2018; 30:828-41. [DOI: 10.1177/039139880703000913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Although the prophylaxis in controlling sterility within the operating room environment has been greatly improved, implant-associated infection is still one of the most serious complications in implant surgeries due to the existence of immune depression in the peri-implant area. The antibacterial ability of materials themselves logically becomes an important factor in preventing implant-associated infections. With the understanding of the pathogenesis of implant-associated infections, many approaches have been developed through providing an anti-adhesive surface, delivering antibacterial agents to disrupt cell-cell communication and preventing bacteria aggregation or biofilm formation, or killing bacteria directly (lysing the cell membrane). In this article, we review the current strategies in improving the antibacterial ability of materials to prevent implant infection and further present promising tactics in materials design and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. Qiu
- Clemson-MUSC Bioengineering Program, Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Charleston, South Carolina - USA
| | - N. Zhang
- Clemson-MUSC Bioengineering Program, Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Charleston, South Carolina - USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina - USA
| | - Y. H. An
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina - USA
| | - X. Wen
- Clemson-MUSC Bioengineering Program, Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Charleston, South Carolina - USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina - USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina - USA
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Khan MF, Luong N, Kurian J, Brook MA. Superwetting comonomers reduce adhesion of E. coli BL21. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:3050-3053. [PMID: 28239720 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc09984j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The adhesion of Escherichia coli to copolymers of methacrylates and a trisiloxane-polyether acrylate surfactant was found to be at a minimum with copolymers containing a low (20%) fraction of the surfactant monomer. Rather than wettability, hardness, or water uptake, adhesion was found to be limited by the presence of low concentrations of bound surfactant that can interact with hydrophobic domains on the bacterium inhibiting anchoring to the polymer surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madiha F Khan
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Nicholas Luong
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W., Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada.
| | - Jerry Kurian
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W., Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada.
| | - Michael A Brook
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W., Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada.
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15
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Pijls RT, Koole LH, Hanssen HH, Nuijts RM. Flexible Coils with a Drug-Releasing Hydrophilic Coating: A New Platform for Controlled Delivery of Drugs to the Eye? J BIOACT COMPAT POL 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0883911504045175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Delivery of drugs to the front-side of the eye is routinely done through eye drops. It is known that approximately 80% of each eye-drop is lost, as a result of rapid clearance of the tear fluid via the naso-lacrymal canal. Consequently, repeated administration through several droplets is usually necessary to achieve a desired effect, such as widening of the pupil prior to corneal surgery. A new ocular drug delivery device was studied. The new device is believed to provide a basis for a more convenient and efficient method for ocular drug delivery. The device is a metallic coil with a hydrophilic, drug-containing polymeric coating. The coil is placed in the conjuctival fornix (under the lower eye-lid) and the drug is slowly released by diffusion into the tear fluid. The capacity of the device could be increased by using the lumen of the coils as a depot for the drug to be released. Preliminary experiments with the new device were performed largely in vitro and in vivo. The latter experiments involved the release of a fluorescent dye and atropine (a potent mydriatic agent) in the eye of several healthy volunteers. The first results obtained with the new device indicate its potential utility. More research and development work is required to define the optimal design of the coil in order to minimize the risk of irritation. Furthermore, the parameters that define the kinetics of the intraocular drug release must be defined and optimized with respect to the exact application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel T. Pijls
- Centre for Biomaterials Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maastricht, PO Box 616, NL-6200 MD Maastricht, the Netherlands and Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Leo H. Koole
- Centre for Biomaterials Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maastricht, PO Box 616, NL-6200 MD Maastricht, the Netherlands and Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands,
| | | | - Rudy M.M.A. Nuijts
- Department of Ophthalmology, Academic Hospital, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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Mai-Ngam K, Kiatpathomchai W, Arunrut N, Sansatsadeekul J. Molecular self assembly of mixed comb-like dextran surfactant polymers for SPR virus detection. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 112:440-7. [PMID: 25129765 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of two comb-like dextran surfactant polymers, that are different in their dextran molecular weight (MW) distribution and the presence of carboxylic groups, and their characterization are reported. A bimodal carboxylic dextran surfactant polymer consists of poly(vinyl amine) (PVAm) backbone with carboxyl higher MW dextran, non-functionalized lower MW dextran and hydrophobic hexyl branches; while a monomodal dextran surfactant polymer is PVAm grafted with non-functionalized lower MW dextran and hexyl branches. Layer formation of non-covalently attached dextran chains with bimodal MW distributions on a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) chip was investigated from the perspective of mixed physisorption of the bimodal and monomodal surfactant polymers. Separation distances between the carboxylic longer dextran side chains within the bimodal surfactant polymer and between the whole bimodal surfactant molecules on the chip surface could be well-controlled. SPR analysis of shrimp yellow head virus using our mixed surfactant chips showed dependence on synergetic adjustment of these separation distances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katanchalee Mai-Ngam
- National Metal and Materials Technology Center, 114 Thailand Science Park, Paholyothin Rd., Klong 1, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand.
| | - Wansika Kiatpathomchai
- CENTEX Shrimp, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama 6 Rd., Bangkok 10400, Thailand; National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 113 Thailand Science Park, Paholyothin Rd., Klong 1, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand.
| | - Narong Arunrut
- CENTEX Shrimp, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama 6 Rd., Bangkok 10400, Thailand; National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 113 Thailand Science Park, Paholyothin Rd., Klong 1, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand.
| | - Jitlada Sansatsadeekul
- National Metal and Materials Technology Center, 114 Thailand Science Park, Paholyothin Rd., Klong 1, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand.
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17
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Chen C, Tang P, Qiu F. Binary hairy nanoparticles: Recent progress in theory and simulations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.23528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cangyi Chen
- Department of Macromolecular Science; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University; Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Ping Tang
- Department of Macromolecular Science; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University; Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Feng Qiu
- Department of Macromolecular Science; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University; Shanghai 200433 China
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18
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Fissell WH, Roy S, Davenport A. Achieving more frequent and longer dialysis for the majority: wearable dialysis and implantable artificial kidney devices. Kidney Int 2013; 84:256-64. [DOI: 10.1038/ki.2012.466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2012] [Revised: 10/19/2012] [Accepted: 10/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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19
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Chen X, Li Y, Aparicio C. Biofunctional Coatings for Dental Implants. THIN FILMS AND COATINGS IN BIOLOGY 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-2592-8_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Patel JD, Colton E, Ebert M, Anderson JM. Gene expression duringS. epidermidisbiofilm formation on biomaterials. J Biomed Mater Res A 2012; 100:2863-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2012] [Accepted: 01/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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VACHEETHASANEE KATANCHALEE, WANG SHUWU, QIU YONGXING, MARCHANT ROGERE. Poly(ethylene oxide) surfactant polymers. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2012; 15:95-110. [PMID: 15027845 PMCID: PMC1307518 DOI: 10.1163/156856204322752255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We report on a series of structurally well-defined surfactant polymers that undergo surface-induced self-assembly on hydrophobic biomaterial surfaces. The surfactant polymers consist of a poly(vinyl amine) backbone with poly(ethylene oxide) and hexanal pendant groups. The poly(vinyl amine) (PVAm) was synthesized by hydrolysis of poly(N-vinyl formamide) following free radical polymerization of N-vinyl formamide. Hexanal and aldehyde-terminated poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) were simultaneously attached to PVAm via reductive amination. Surfactant polymers with different PEO:hexanal ratios and hydrophilic/hydrophobic balances were prepared, and characterized by FT-IR, 1H-NMR and XPS spectroscopies. Surface active properties at the air/water interface were determined by surface tension measurements. Surface activity at a solid surface/water interface was demonstrated by atomic force microscopy, showing epitaxially molecular alignment for surfactant polymers adsorbed on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite. The surfactant polymers described in this report can be adapted for simple non-covalent surface modification of biomaterials and hydrophobic surfaces to provide highly hydrated interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - SHUWU WANG
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wickenden Building, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - YONGXING QIU
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wickenden Building, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - ROGER E. MARCHANT
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wickenden Building, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- To whom correspondence should be addressed at the Department of Biomedical Engineering. Tel.: (1-216) 368-3005. Fax: (1-216) 368-4969. E-mail:
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22
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Bulard E, Guo Z, Zheng W, Dubost H, Fontaine-Aupart MP, Bellon-Fontaine MN, Herry JM, Briandet R, Bourguignon B. Non-invasive vibrational SFG spectroscopy reveals that bacterial adhesion can alter the conformation of grafted "brush" chains on SAM. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2011; 27:4928-4935. [PMID: 21410205 DOI: 10.1021/la200205e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Understanding bacterial adhesion on a surface is a crucial step to design new materials with improved properties or to control biofilm formation and eradication. Sum Frequency Generation (SFG) vibrational spectroscopy has been employed to study in situ the conformational response of a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of octadecanethiol (ODT) on a gold film to the adhesion of hydrophilic and hydrophobic ovococcoid model bacteria. The present work highlights vibrational SFG spectroscopy as a powerful and unique non-invasive biophysical technique to probe and control bacteria interaction with ordered surfaces. Indeed, the SFG vibrational spectral changes reveal different ODT SAM conformations in air and upon exposure to aqueous solution or bacterial adhesion. Furthermore, this effect depends on the bacterial cell surface properties. The SFG spectral modeling demonstrates that hydrophobic bacteria flatten the ODT SAM alkyl chain terminal part, whereas the hydrophilic ones raise this ODT SAM terminal part. Microorganism-induced alteration of grafted chains can thus affect the desired interfacial functionality, a result that should be considered for the design of new reactive materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Bulard
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay, ISMO-CNRS, Université Paris Sud, Bât. 350 91405 Orsay cedex, France.
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23
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Enhancing the antibacterial activity of biomimetic HA coatings by incorporation of norvancomycin. J Orthop Sci 2011; 16:105-13. [PMID: 21293894 DOI: 10.1007/s00776-010-0017-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2010] [Accepted: 10/12/2010] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bacterial infections associated with the use of biomaterials remain a great challenge for orthopedic surgery. The main purpose of the work discussed in this paper was to improve the antibacterial activity of a biomimetic calcium phosphate (CP) coating widely used in orthopedic biomaterials by incorporation of norvancomycin in the biomimetic process. METHODS CP coating and CP coating containing norvancomycin were produced on a titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) surface by a biomimetic process. The morphology, surface crystal structure, and concentrations of elements in the coatings were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), respectively. The amount of norvancomycin and its release were investigated by UV-visible spectroscopy. MTT was used to investigate cell behavior. The morphology of adhered bacteria was observed by SEM. Antibacterial activity was expressed as inhibition zone by using Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) as model bacteria. RESULTS Results from SEM, EDX, and XRD revealed formation of a hydroxyapatite (HA) coating. The amount of antibiotic in the CP coating increased with increasing concentration of norvancomycin in the coating solution, followed by a plateau when the concentration of norvancomycin in the coating solution reached 600 mg/l. Approximately 2.16 μg norvancomycin per mg coating was co-precipitated with the CP layer onto titanium alloy discs when 600 mg/l norvancomycin coating solution was applied. The norvancomycin had a fast release profile followed by slow release. The MTT test of osteoblast cell cultures suggested that coatings containing norvancomycin did not cause any cytotoxicity compared with the CP coating and control titanium plate. The antibacterial activity test showed that the norvancomycin released from the coatings inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus; more bacteria were found on the CP coating than on the norvancomycin-loaded coating. CONCLUSIONS A norvancomycin-loaded HA-like coating was successfully obtained on titanium surfaces. The norvancomycin incorporated had no negative effects on osteoblast cell behavior. The released norvancomycin results in excellent antibacterial activity of Ca-P coatings. Therefore, incorporation of norvancomycin can enhance antibacterial activity and the norvancomycin-loaded CP coating can be used to inhibit post-surgical infections in orthopaedics.
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Tang P, Zhang W, Wang Y, Zhang B, Wang H, Lin C, Zhang L. Effect of Superhydrophobic Surface of Titanium on Staphylococcus aureusAdhesion. JOURNAL OF NANOMATERIALS 2011; 2011:1-8. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1155/2011/178921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Despite the systemic antibiotics prophylaxis, orthopedic implants still remain highly susceptible to bacterial adhesion and resulting in device-associated infection. Surface modification is an effective way to decrease bacterial adhesion. In this study, we prepared surfaces with different wettability on titanium surface based on TiO2nanotube to examine the effect of bacterial adhesion. Firstly, titanium plates were calcined to form hydrophilic TiO2nanotube films of anatase phase. Subsequently, the nanotube films and inoxidized titaniums were treated with 1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-perfluorooctyl-triethoxysilane (PTES), forming superhydrophobic and hydrophobic surfaces. Observed by SEM and contact angle measurements, the different surfaces have different characteristics.Staphylococcus aureus(SA) adhesion on different surfaces was evaluated. Our experiment results show that the superhydrophobic surface has contact angles of water greater than 150∘and also shows high resistance to bacterial contamination. It is indicated that superhydrophobic surface may be a factor to reduce device-associated infection and could be used in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peifu Tang
- Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Boxun Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Changjian Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 36100, China
| | - Lihai Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China
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25
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26
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Dong B, Manolache S, Wong ACL, Denes FS. Antifouling ability of polyethylene glycol of different molecular weights grafted onto polyester surfaces by cold plasma. Polym Bull (Berl) 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-010-0358-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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27
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Abstract
The confluence of an increasing prevalence of end-stage renal disease (ESRD), clinical trial data suggestive of benefit from quotidian dialysis, and ongoing cost/benefit reanalysis of healthcare spending have stimulated interest in technological improvements in provision of ESRD care. For the last decade, our group has focused on enabling technologies that would permit a paradigm shift in dialysis care similar to that brought by implantable defibrillators to arrhythmia management. Two significant barriers to wearable or implantable dialysis persist: package size of the dialyzer and water requirements for preparation of dialysate. Decades of independent research into highly efficient membranes and cell-based bioreactors culminated in a team effort to develop an implantable version of the University of Michigan Renal Assist Device. In this review, the rationale for the design of the implantable artificial kidney is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- William H Fissell
- Department of Nephrology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA.
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28
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Xu X, Cao D. Density functional theory for adsorption of colloids on the polymer-tethered surfaces: Effect of polymer chain architecture. J Chem Phys 2009; 130:164901. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3119311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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29
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Shi Z, Neoh KG, Kang ET, Poh C, Wang W. Titanium with Surface-Grafted Dextran and Immobilized Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 for Inhibition of Bacterial Adhesion and Enhancement of Osteoblast Functions. Tissue Eng Part A 2009; 15:417-26. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2007.0415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zhilong Shi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore
| | - Koon Gee Neoh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore
| | - En-Tang Kang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore
| | - Chyekhoon Poh
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore
| | - Wilson Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore
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30
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Toutain-Kidd CM, Kadivar SC, Bramante CT, Bobin SA, Zegans ME. Polysorbate 80 inhibition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm formation and its cleavage by the secreted lipase LipA. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2009; 53:136-45. [PMID: 18955535 PMCID: PMC2612155 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00500-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2008] [Revised: 06/25/2008] [Accepted: 10/16/2008] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Surface-associated bacterial communities known as biofilms are an important source of nosocomial infections. Microorganisms such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa can colonize the abiotic surfaces of medical implants, leading to chronic infections that are difficult to eradicate. Our study demonstrates that polysorbate 80 (PS80), a surfactant commonly added to food and medicines, is able to inhibit biofilm formation by P. aeruginosa on a variety of surfaces, including contact lenses. Many clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa, as well as gram-negative and gram-positive clinical isolates, were also inhibited in their ability to form biofilms in the presence of PS80. A P. aeruginosa mutant able to form biofilms in the presence of this surfactant was identified and characterized, and it was revealed that this mutant overexpresses a lipase, LipA. Surfactants such as PS80 can be cleaved by lipases, and we demonstrate that PS80 is cleaved by LipA at its ester bond. Finally, polyethoxylated(20) oleyl alcohol, a chemical with a structure that is similar to that of PS80 but that lacks the ester bond of PS80, can inhibit the biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa strains, including the mutant overexpressing LipA. Our results demonstrate that surfactants such as PS80 can inhibit bacterial biofilm formation on medically relevant materials at concentrations demonstrated to be safe in humans and suggest that the understanding of the mechanisms of bacterial resistance to such surfactants will be important in developing clinically effective derivatives.
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31
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Wang S, Gupta AS, Sagnella S, Barendt PM, Kottke-Marchant K, Marchant RE. Biomimetic fluorocarbon surfactant polymers reduce platelet adhesion on PTFE/ePTFE surfaces. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE. POLYMER EDITION 2009; 20:619-35. [PMID: 19323880 PMCID: PMC2852637 DOI: 10.1163/156856209x426439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We describe a series of fluorocarbon surfactant polymers designed as surface-modifying agents for improving the thrombogenicity of ePTFE vascular graft materials by the reduction of platelet adhesion. The surfactant polymers consist of a poly(vinyl amine) backbone with pendent dextran and perfluoroundecanoyl branches. Surface modification is accomplished by a simple dip-coating process in which surfactant polymers undergo spontaneous surface-induced adsorption and assembly on PTFE/ePTFE surface. The adhesion stability of the surfactant polymer on PTFE was examined under dynamic shear conditions in PBS and human whole blood with a rotating disk system. Fluorocarbon surfactant polymer coatings with three different dextran to perfluorocarbon ratios (1:0.5, 1:1 and 1:2) were compared in the context of platelet adhesion on PTFE/ePTFE surface under dynamic flow conditions. Suppression of platelet adhesion was achieved for all three coated surfaces over the shear-stress range of 0-75 dyn/cm2 in platelet-rich plasma (PRP) or human whole blood. The effectiveness depended on the surfactant polymer composition such that platelet adhesion on coated surfaces decreased significantly with increasing fluorocarbon branch density at 0 dyn/cm2. Our results suggest that fluorocarbon surfactant polymers can effectively suppress platelet adhesion and demonstrate the potential application of the fluorocarbon surfactant polymers as non-thrombogenic coatings for ePTFE vascular grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuwu Wang
- NanoMimetics, Inc., 1768 E. 25th Street, Cleveland, OH 44114, USA.
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32
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Abstract
Microbes found on the skin are usually regarded as pathogens, potential pathogens or innocuous symbiotic organisms. Advances in microbiology and immunology are revising our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of microbial virulence and the specific events involved in the host-microbe interaction. Current data contradict some historical classifications of cutaneous microbiota and suggest that these organisms may protect the host, defining them not as simple symbiotic microbes but rather as mutualistic. This review will summarize current information on bacterial skin flora including Staphylococcus, Corynebacterium, Propionibacterium, Streptococcus and Pseudomonas. Specifically, the review will discuss our current understanding of the cutaneous microbiota as well as shifting paradigms in the interpretation of the roles microbes play in skin health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Cogen
- Department of Bioengineering, Division of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
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Churchley DP, Barbu E, Ewen RJ, Shen Z, Kim Y, McHugh MA, Zhang ZY, Nevell TG, Rees GD, Tsibouklis J. Synthesis and characterization of low surface energy fluoropolymers as potential barrier coatings in oral care. J Biomed Mater Res A 2008; 84:994-1005. [PMID: 17647242 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.31462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A series of low surface energy fluorinated homopolymers and copolymers has been synthesized and characterized using thermal, optical, spectroscopic, and chromatographic techniques. Their utility as barrier technologies in oral care has been considered, and aqueous nanosuspensions of the materials have been deposited as films on model dental hard surfaces in the presence and absence of a salivary pellicle. Calcium hydroxyapatite has been used as a model for enamel, as has PMMA due to its widespread use in denture fabrication. Surface energy determinations, combined with XPS studies, have provided insights into the molecular-level organization at the surface of the film structures. Studies of solubility in supercritical carbon dioxide have identified the polymers that are suitable for processing in this medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- David P Churchley
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, St. Michael's Building, White Swan Road, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, United Kingdom
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Montanaro L, Campoccia D, Arciola CR. Advancements in molecular epidemiology of implant infections and future perspectives. Biomaterials 2007; 28:5155-68. [PMID: 17764738 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2007.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2007] [Accepted: 08/02/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Implant infection remains the major and often irreducible complication in clinical use of biomaterials, demanding new therapeutic and preventive strategies. Etio-pathogenesis of biomaterials-related infections is being more and more studied, and various virulence bacterial factors have progressively been identified, but little is still known about the weight of the distinct molecules in the context of specific peri-implant infection sites. Molecular epidemiology has become recently integrated into the research on implant infections. What distinguishes molecular epidemiology from the simple molecular biology is that the use of molecular techniques is applied to the study of the distribution and prevalence of virulence and resistance genes in collections of bacterial clinical isolates from implant infections. Here, the authors comment on the range of molecular techniques available, reviewing the various applications of molecular epidemiology to the study of implant infections and providing some experimental examples related to the field of orthopaedic implant infections. They highlight the new opportunities arising from molecular epidemiology of designing measures useful to prevent and treat implant infections. The knowledge of the relative weight of virulence factors and of their regulatory mechanisms at molecular level can open the way to new strategies also including gene therapies aimed at silencing or knocking out crucial genes responsible for the aggressive tools (adhesins, biofilm production, antibiotic resistance) of the aetiological agents of implant-related infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucio Montanaro
- Research Unit on Implant Infections, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Via di Barbiano, 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
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35
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Luo J, Chen Z, Sun Y. Controlling biofilm formation with an N-halamine-based polymeric additive. J Biomed Mater Res A 2007; 77:823-31. [PMID: 16575910 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.30689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
An N-halamine-based polymeric additive, poly[(6-morpholino-s-triazine-2,4-diyl)-N-chloro-[2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)imino]-hexamethylene[(2,2,6,6-4-piperidyl) imino]] (APA-1), was prepared in this study. The chemical structure of APA-1 was confirmed by iodometric titration, (1)H NMR, and (13)C NMR analysis. APA-1 was incorporated into polyurethane through solvent casting. The resultant materials demonstrated potent antimicrobial functions against Staphylococcus epidermidis. Zone of inhibition studies showed that APA-1 inactivated the bacteria through contact, without leaching out of the polyurethane samples. In vitro studies illustrated that APA-1-containing polyurethane could prevent the colonization and biofilm formation of S. epidermidis for at least 28 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Luo
- Department of Human Ecology, University of Texas at Austin, 78712, USA
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36
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Patel JD, Ebert M, Ward R, Anderson JM. S. epidermidis biofilm formation: effects of biomaterial surface chemistry and serum proteins. J Biomed Mater Res A 2007; 80:742-51. [PMID: 17177270 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.31103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Most infections due to implanted cardiovascular biomaterials are initiated by bacterial adhesion of Staphylococcus epidermidis, followed by colonization and biofilm formation on the surface of the implant. This study examined the role of serum proteins and material surface chemistry in the formation of S. epidermidis biofilm on polyurethanes (Elasthane 80A, hydrophobic) modified with polyethylene oxide (Elasthane 80A-6PEO, hydrophilic) and fluorocarbon (Elasthane 80A-6F, hydrophobic). Initial adhesion, aggregation, biofilm thickness, viability, and slime formation of S. epidermidis strain, RP62A in phosphate buffered saline (PBS), tryptic soy broth (TBS), and 20% pooled human serum was quantified. In the presence of adsorbed serum proteins, initial bacterial adhesion was suppressed significantly to <2% relative to adhesion in TSB or PBS. However, adhesion, aggregation, and proliferation increased dramatically in the 12-24 h period on Elasthane 80A and Elasthane 80A-6F, which resulted in an extensive network of biofilm. A contrasting trend was observed on the hydrophilic Elasthane 80A-6PEO surface, with minimal bacterial adhesion, which decreased steadily over 24 h. In the presence of serum proteins, an increasingly thick ( approximately 20 mum) biofilm formed on the hydrophobic surfaces over 48 h whereas the formation of a mature biofilm on the hydrophilic surface was impeded with few viable bacteria present over 48 h. Furthermore, slime was detected during the initial phase of bacterial adhesion at 2 h and increased over time with the formation of biofilm. These results have shown that while initial S. epidermidis adhesion is suppressed in the presence of adsorbed proteins, inter-bacterial adhesion possibly aided by slime production leads to the formation of a robust mature biofilm. Also, biomaterial surface chemistry affected biofilm formation and, most notably, polyethylene oxide significantly inhibited S. epidermidis biofilm formation over 48 h in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine D Patel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 309 Wickenden Bldg, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
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37
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MacKintosh EE, Patel JD, Marchant RE, Anderson JM. Effects of biomaterial surface chemistry on the adhesion and biofilm formation of Staphylococcus epidermidis in vitro. J Biomed Mater Res A 2006; 78:836-42. [PMID: 16817192 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.30905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The formation of biofilm, a structured community of bacteria enclosed in slime, is a significant virulence factor in medical-device-centered infection. The development of cardiovascular device infection can be separated into two phases: initial bacterial adhesion and aggregation, followed by proliferation and production of slime. It is possible to modulate the adhesion and biofilm formation of Staphylococcus epidermidis, a commensal skin bacterium commonly found on infected medical devices, through biomaterial surface chemistry. This study examines bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation on surface-modified polyethylene terephthalate (PET), including surfaces with varying hydrophilic, hydrophobic, and ionic character. Bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation were observed over 48 hours in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and 20% pooled human serum. The hydrophilic surface (PAAm) had significantly less nonspecific adhesion of bacteria than that in the control (PET) and other surfaces, when cultured in PBS (P < 0.0001). Charged surfaces, both anionic and cationic, had increased adhesion and aggregation of bacteria in comparison with the control (PET) in the presence of serum proteins over 24 hours (P < 0.0001). Bacteria cultured in serum on the charged surfaces did not have significantly different amounts of biofilm formation compared with that of the control (PET) surface after 48 hours. This study showed that biomaterial surface chemistry characteristics impact initial adhesion and aggregation of S. epidermidis on biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin E MacKintosh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 43703, USA
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38
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Mai-ngam K. Comblike poly(ethylene oxide)/hydrophobic C6 branched chitosan surfactant polymers as anti-infection surface modifying agents. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2006; 49:117-25. [PMID: 16621475 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2006.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2005] [Revised: 02/09/2006] [Accepted: 03/04/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A series of structurally well-defined poly(ethylene oxide)/hydrophobic C6 branched chitosan surfactant polymers that undergo surface induced self assembly on hydrophobic biomaterial surfaces were synthesized and characterized. The surfactant polymers consist of low molecular weight (Mw) chitosan backbone with hydrophilic poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and hydrophobic hexyl pendant groups. Chitosan was depolymerized by nitrous acid deaminative cleavage. Hexanal and aldehyde-terminated PEO chains were simultaneously attached to low Mw chitosan hydrochloride via reductive amination. The surfactant polymers were prepared with various ratios of the two side chains. The molecular composition of the surfactant polymers was determined by FT-IR and 1H NMR. Surface active properties at the air-water interface were determined by Langmuir film balance measurements. The surfactant polymers with PEO/hexyl ratios of 1:3.0 and 1:14.4 were used as surface modifying agents to investigate their anti-infection properties. E. coli adhesion on Silastic surface was decreased significantly by the surfactant polymer with PEO/hexyl 1:3.0. Surface growth of adherent E. coli was effectively suppressed by both tested surfactant polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katanchalee Mai-ngam
- National Metal and Materials Technology Center, 114 Thailand Science Park, Paholyothin Rd., Klong 1, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand.
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39
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Campoccia D, Montanaro L, Arciola CR. The significance of infection related to orthopedic devices and issues of antibiotic resistance. Biomaterials 2005; 27:2331-9. [PMID: 16364434 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2005.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 684] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2005] [Accepted: 11/28/2005] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Over the last 15 years, with the advent of modern standards in the control of sterility within the operating room environment and adequate protocols of peri-operative antibiotic prophylaxis, the incidence of infections associated to orthopedic implants has become very low. Nevertheless, the event of infection still represents one of the most serious and devastating complications which may involve prosthetic devices. It leads to complex revision procedures and, often, to the failure of the implant and the need for its complete removal. In orthopedics, for the enormous number of surgical procedures involving invasive implant materials, even if nowadays rare, infections have a huge impact in terms of morbidity, mortality, and medical costs. The difficult battle to prevent and fight bacterial infections associated to prosthetic materials must be played on different grounds. A winning strategy requires a clear view of the pathogenesis and the epidemiology of implant-related infections, with a special attention on the alarming phenomenon of antibiotic resistance. In this regard staphylococci are the prevalent and most important causative pathogens involved in orthopedic implant-related infections, and, thus, the main enemy to defeat. In this paper, we offer an overview of the complexity of this battleground and of the current and new, in our opinion most promising, strategies in the field of biomaterials to reduce the risks and counteract the establishment of implant infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Campoccia
- Research Unit on Implant Infections, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Via di Barbiano, 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
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40
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Chen X, Wang Y, Pelton R. pH-dependence of the properties of hydrophobically modified polyvinylamine. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2005; 21:11673-7. [PMID: 16316099 DOI: 10.1021/la0518039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
A series of N-alkyl or N-benzyl substituted polyvinylamines (PVAm) were prepared and the properties of aqueous solutions were measured as functions of pH. The polymer solutions showed almost no surface activity under acidic conditions whereas surface tension was reduced to 40-50 mN/m around pH 9. Increasing either the degree of hydrophobic substitution or the hydrophobic chain length lowered the pH at which surface tension lowering was observed. Hydrophobic substitution also shifted plots of the degree of ionization versus pH toward lower pH which means lower pH values were required to achieve a given value of polymer charging. The hydrophobically modified PVAm associated in water giving species whose apparent diameter measured by dynamic light scattering decreased with increasing pH, whereas the electrophoretic mobilities of the associated species increased with decreasing pH. Although many hydrophobically modified and pH sensitive polymers have been described in the literature for applications in biomaterials, drug release and as pH sensitive surfactants, the hydrophobically modified PVAms are particularly attractive because they are easily prepared from commercially available polyvinylamines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonong Chen
- McMaster Centre for Pulp and Paper Research, Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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41
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Otto M. Quorum-sensing control in Staphylococci -- a target for antimicrobial drug therapy? FEMS Microbiol Lett 2005; 241:135-41. [PMID: 15598524 DOI: 10.1016/j.femsle.2004.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2004] [Revised: 11/01/2004] [Accepted: 11/05/2004] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Today, we find ourselves in an urgent need for novel antibacterial drugs, as many important human pathogens have acquired multiple antibiotic resistance factors. Among those, Staphylococcus aureus and S. epidermidis play a major role as the leading sources of nosocomial infections. Recently, it has been suggested to develop therapeutics that attack bacterial virulence rather than kill bacteria. Such drugs are called "antipathogenic" and are believed to reduce the development of antibiotic resistance. Specifically, cell-density-dependent gene regulation (quorum-sensing) in bacteria has been proposed as a potential target. While promising reports exist about quorum-sensing blockers in gram-negative bacteria, the use of the staphylococcal quorum-sensing system as a drug target is now seen in an increasingly critical way. Inhibition of quorum-sensing in Staphylococcus has been shown to enhance biofilm formation. Furthermore, down-regulation or mutation of the Staphylococcus quorum-sensing system increases bacterial persistence in device-related infection, suggesting that interference with quorum-sensing would enhance rather than suppress this important type of staphylococcal disease. The chemical nature and biological function of another proposed staphylococcal quorum-sensing inhibitor, named "RIP", are insufficiently characterized. Targeting quorum-sensing systems might in principle constitute a reasonable way to find novel antibacterial drugs. However, as outlined here, this approach requires careful investigation in every specific pathogen and type of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Otto
- Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Laboratory of Human Bacterial Pathogenesis, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, The National Institutes of Health, 903 S 4th Street, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA.
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42
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Johnston EE, Bryers JD, Ratner BD. Plasma deposition and surface characterization of oligoglyme, dioxane, and crown ether nonfouling films. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2005; 21:870-881. [PMID: 15667162 DOI: 10.1021/la036274s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Plasma-deposited PEG-like films are emerging as promising materials for preventing protein and bacterial attachment to surfaces. To date, there has not been a detailed surface analysis to examine the chemistry and molecular structure of these films as a function of both precursor size and structure. In this paper, we describe radio-frequency plasma deposition of a series of short-chain oligoglymes, dioxane, and crown ethers onto glass cover slips to create poly(ethylene glycol)-like coatings. The resultant films were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS), dynamic contact angle goniometry, and radiolabeled fibrinogen adsorption. Detailed analysis of the high-mass (120-300 m/z) TOF-SIMS oligoglyme film spectra revealed six classes of significant fragments. Two new models are proposed to describe how these fragments could be formed by distinct film-building processes: incorporation of intact and fragmented precursor molecules. The models also provide for the incorporation of hydrocarbon--a species that is not present in the precursors but is evidenced in XPS C(1s) spectra of these films. Two additional models describe the effects of incorporating intact and fragmented cyclic precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika E Johnston
- University of Washington Engineered Biomaterials, Box 351720 Bagley Hall #484, Seattle, WA 98195-1720, USA
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Roosjen A, van der Mei HC, Busscher HJ, Norde W. Microbial adhesion to poly(ethylene oxide) brushes: influence of polymer chain length and temperature. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2004; 20:10949-10955. [PMID: 15568845 DOI: 10.1021/la048469l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Glass surfaces were modified by end-grafting poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) chains having molecular weights of 526, 2000, or 9800 Da. Characterization using water contact angles, ellipsometry, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed the presence of the PEO brushes on the surface with estimated lengths in water of 2.8-, 7.5-, and 23.7-nm, respectively. Adhesion of two bacterial (Staphylococcus epidermidis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and two yeast (Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis) strains to these brushes was studied and compared to their adhesion to bare glass. For the bacterium P. aeruginosa and the yeast C. tropicalis, adhesion to the 2.8-nm brush was comparable to their adhesion on bare glass, whereas adhesion to the 7.5- and 23.7-nm brushes was greatly reduced. For S. epidermidis, adhesion was only slightly higher to the 2.8-nm brush than that to the longer brushes. Adhesion of the yeast C. albicans to the PEO brushes was lower than that to glass, but no differences in adhesion were found between the three brush lengths. After passage of an air bubble, nearly all microorganisms adhering to a brush were removed, irrespective of brush length, whereas retention of the adhering organisms on glass was much higher. No significant differences were found in adhesion nor retention between experiments conducted at 20 and those conducted at 37 degrees C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Roosjen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
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Sagnella S, Kligman F, Marchant RE, Kottke-Marchant K. Biometric surfactant polymers designed for shear-stable endothelialization on biomaterials. J Biomed Mater Res A 2004; 67:689-701. [PMID: 14674370 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.10035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a series of extracellular matrix (ECM)-like biomimetic surfactant polymers to improve endothelial cell adhesion and growth on vascular biomaterials. These polymers provide a single-step procedure for modifying the surface of existing biomaterials and consist of a poly(vinyl amine) (PVAm) backbone with varying ratios of cell-binding peptide (RGD) to carbohydrate (maltose), ranging from 100% RGD:0% maltose to 50% RGD:50% maltose. Three biomimetic surfaces, as well as a fibronectin (FN)-coated glass surface were seeded at confluence with human pulmonary artery endothelial cells (HPAECs) and exposed to shear stresses ranging from 0-40.6 dyn/cm2 for periods of 2 h and 6 h. Surfaces were examined for HPAEC coverage and cytoskeletal arrangement as a function of time and shear stress. In general, after 6 h of shear exposure, EC retention on 100% RGD > FN > 75% RGD > 50% RGD. The 100% RGD surface maintained more than 50% of its initial EC monolayer at low to moderate shear stresses whereas all other surfaces dropped to approximately 40% or less in the same shear stress range. The most stable surface, 100% RGD, showed a significant increase in cytoskeletal organization at all shear stresses greater than 2.5 dyn/cm2. In contrast, there was no real change in cytoskeletal organization on the FN surface, and there was a decrease on the 75% RGD surface over time. These results indicate that increasing surface peptide density can control EC shear stability. Furthermore, improved shear stability increases with increasing peptide density and is related to the EC's ability to reorganize its cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Sagnella
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
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45
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Hendriks JGE, Ensing GT, van Horn JR, Lubbers J, van der Mei HC, Busscher HJ. Increased release of gentamicin from acrylic bone cements under influence of low-frequency ultrasound. J Control Release 2004; 92:369-74. [PMID: 14568417 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-3659(03)00361-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The release profile of antibiotics from antibiotic-loaded bone cement, used to prevent infections in total joint arthroplasty, is neither ideal nor complete. Ultrasound has been used to allow drugs to cross otherwise impermeable barriers. The aim of this study was to establish a possible effect of ultrasound on antibiotic release from bone cements. Samples were made of three commercially available gentamicin-loaded bone cements. Part of the samples was allowed to release gentamicin for 3 weeks before insonation. An insonation device produced an ultrasound field with a time average acoustic intensity of 167 mW/cm2 at a frequency of 46.5 kHz. The samples were exposed to the ultrasound field or not exposed to it as a control. The amount of gentamicin released was measured by fluorescence polarization immunoassay. There was a limited increase of gentamicin release with application of ultrasound in fresh samples but not in the samples that had been allowed to release gentamicin. For fresh samples, a linear regression model showed that this ultrasound effect was statistically significant. The mechanism behind these observations is not clear, but it is suggested that microstreaming or localized temperature rises may be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes G E Hendriks
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
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46
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Wang S, Marchant RE. Fluorocarbon Surfactant Polymers: Effect of Perfluorocarbon Branch Density on Surface Active Properties. Macromolecules 2004; 37:3353-3359. [PMID: 16429594 PMCID: PMC1315311 DOI: 10.1021/ma030423w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We describe a series of fluorocarbon surfactant polymers designed for modifying fluorocarbon surfaces such as poly(tetrafluoroethylene). Novel fluorocarbon surfactant polymers poly(N-vinyldextranaldonamide-co-N-vinylperfluoroundecanamide), in which hydrophilic dextran oligosaccharides and hydrophobic perfluoroundecanoyl groups were incorporated sequentially onto a poly(vinylamine) backbone, were synthesized and characterized by FT-IR, NMR, and XPS spectroscopy. By adjusting the feed ratio of dextran to fluorocarbon branches, surfactant polymers with different hydrophilic/hydrophobic balances were prepared. The surface activity of the surfactants at the air/water interface was demonstrated by significant reductions in water surface tension. Surfactant adsorption and adhesion at the solid PTFE/aqueous interface were examined under well-defined dynamic flow conditions, using a rotating disk system. The surface activity at the air/water interface and adhesion stability on PTFE under an applied shear stress both increase with increasing density of fluorocarbon branches on the polymer backbone. The results show that stable surfactant adhesion on PTFE can be achieved by adjusting the hydrophilic dextran to hydrophobic fluorocarbon branch ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roger E. Marchant
- * To whom correspondence should be addressed: phone (216) 368-3005, Fax (216) 368-4969, e-mail
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47
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Kaper HJ, Busscher HJ, Norde W. Characterization of poly(ethylene oxide) brushes on glass surfaces and adhesion of Staphylococcus epidermidis. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE. POLYMER EDITION 2004; 14:313-24. [PMID: 12747672 DOI: 10.1163/156856203321478847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Poly(ethylene oxide) brushes have been covalently bound to glass surfaces and their presence was demonstrated by an increase in water contact angles from fully wettable on glass to advancing contact angles of 54 degrees, with a hysteresis of 32 degrees. In addition, electrophoretic mobilities of glass and brush-coated glass were determined using streaming potential measurements. The dependence of the electrophoretic mobilities on the ionic strength was analyzed in terms of a softlayer model, yielding an electrophoretic softness and fixed charge density of the layer. Brush-coated glass could be distinguished from glass by a 2-3-fold decrease in fixed charge density, while both surfaces were about equally soft. Adhesion of Staphylococcus epidermidis HBH276 to glass in a parallel plate flow chamber was extremely high and after 4 h, 19.0 x 10(6) bacteria were adhering per cm2. In contrast, the organisms did not adhere to brush-coated glass, with numbers below the detection limit, i.e. 0.1 x 10(6) per cm2. These results attest to the great potential of polymer brushes in preventing bacterial adhesion to surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans J Kaper
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
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48
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Patel JD, Ebert M, Stokes K, Ward R, Anderson JM. Inhibition of bacterial and leukocyte adhesion under shear stress conditions by material surface chemistry. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE. POLYMER EDITION 2003; 14:279-95. [PMID: 12713100 DOI: 10.1163/156856203763572725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Biomaterial-centered infections, initiated by bacterial adhesion, persist due to a compromised host immune response. Altering implant materials with surface modifying endgroups (SMEs) may enhance their biocompatibility by reducing bacterial and inflammatory cell adhesion. A rotating disc model, which generates shear stress within physiological ranges, was used to characterize adhesion of leukocytes and Staphylococcus epidermidis on polycarbonate-urethanes and polyetherurethanes modified with SMEs (polyethylene oxide, fluorocarbon and dimethylsiloxane) under dynamic flow conditions. Bacterial adhesion in the absence of serum was found to be mediated by shear stress and surface chemistry, with reduced adhesion exhibited on materials modified with polydimethylsiloxane and polyethylene oxide SMEs. In contrast, bacterial adhesion was enhanced on materials modified with fluorocarbon SMEs. In the presence of serum, bacterial adhesion was primarily neither material nor shear dependent. However, bacterial adhesion in serum was significantly reduced to < or = 10% compared to adhesion in serum-free media. Leukocyte adhesion in serum exhibited a shear dependency with increased adhesion occurring in regions exposed to lower shear-stress levels of < or = 7 dyne/cm2. Additionally, polydimethylsiloxane and polyethylene oxide SMEs reduced leukocyte adhesion on polyether-urethanes. In conclusion, these results suggest that surface chemistry and shear stress can mediate bacterial and cellular adhesion. Furthermore, materials modified with polyethylene oxide SMEs are capable of inhibiting bacterial adhesion, consequently minimizing the probability of biomaterial-centered infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine D Patel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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49
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Stainless steel modified with poly(ethylene glycol) can prevent protein adsorption but not bacterial adhesion. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0927-7765(03)00180-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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50
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Berlutti F, Rosso F, Bosso P, Giansanti F, Ajello M, De Rosa A, Farina E, Antonini G, Valenti P. Quantitative evaluation of bacteria adherent to polyelectrolyte HEMA-based hydrogels. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003; 67:18-25. [PMID: 14517857 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.10026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The use of adhesive poly(HEMA)-based hydrogels is standard practice in dental restorative procedures. Microorganisms, which potentially can cause oral pathologies, may colonize these polymers. In the present work, bacterial adhesion to polymers prepared with 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and to different molar ratios of 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane-sulfonic acid (AMPS) and/or to 2-methacryloyloxyethyl-tri-methyl-ammonium chloride (METAC) co-monomers were tested. A colorimetric assay system that utilizes the Microbo revelation medium (Microbo srl, Rome, Italy) for microbial counts is shown to be capable of counting the number of adherent bacterial cells without removing them from polymer surfaces. In conditions that mimic those present in the oral cavity, similar bacterial adhesion percentages on the same polymer were observed with the different bacteria belonging to both gram-positive and gram-negative genera, such as Streptococcus sobrinus and Streptococcus oralis (resident microorganisms in the oral cavity) and Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (transient microorganisms in the oral cavity). It is determined that the physico-chemical characteristics of poly(HEMA)-based hydrogels are the major factors promoting bacterial adhesion, which increased with increasing water content in the swollen polymers, reaching maximal values on the cationic polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Berlutti
- Dipartimento di Scienze di Sanità Pubblica, Università di Roma La Sapienza, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
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