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Structural characterisation of neutrophil glycans by ultra sensitive mass spectrometric glycomics methodology. Glycoconj J 2010; 26:975-86. [PMID: 18587645 PMCID: PMC2791480 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-008-9146-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2008] [Revised: 05/13/2008] [Accepted: 05/15/2008] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophils are the most abundant white blood cells in humans and play a vital role in several aspects of the immune response. Numerous reports have implicated neutrophil glycosylation as an important factor in mediating these interactions. We report here the application of high sensitivity glycomics methodologies, including matrix assisted laser desorption ionisation (MALDI-TOF) and MALDI-TOF/TOF analyses, to the structural analysis of N- and O-linked carbohydrates released from two samples of neutrophils, prepared by two separate and geographically remote laboratories. The data produced demonstrates that the cells display a diverse range of sialylated and fucosylated complex glycans, with a high level of similarity between the two preparations.
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Yang J, Hirata T, Croce K, Merrill-Skoloff G, Tchernychev B, Williams E, Flaumenhaft R, Furie BC, Furie B. Targeted gene disruption demonstrates that P-selectin glycoprotein ligand 1 (PSGL-1) is required for P-selectin-mediated but not E-selectin-mediated neutrophil rolling and migration. J Exp Med 1999; 190:1769-82. [PMID: 10601352 PMCID: PMC2195714 DOI: 10.1084/jem.190.12.1769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
P-selectin glycoprotein ligand 1 (PSGL-1) is a mucin-like selectin counterreceptor that binds to P-selectin, E-selectin, and L-selectin. To determine its physiological role in cell adhesion as a mediator of leukocyte rolling and migration during inflammation, we prepared mice genetically deficient in PSGL-1 by targeted disruption of the PSGL-1 gene. The homozygous PSGL-1-deficient mouse was viable and fertile. The blood neutrophil count was modestly elevated. There was no evidence of spontaneous development of skin ulcerations or infections. Leukocyte infiltration in the chemical peritonitis model was significantly delayed. Leukocyte rolling in vivo, studied by intravital microscopy in postcapillary venules of the cremaster muscle, was markedly decreased 30 min after trauma in the PSGL-1-deficient mouse. In contrast, leukocyte rolling 2 h after tumor necrosis factor alpha stimulation was only modestly reduced, but blocking antibodies to E-selectin infused into the PSGL-1-deficient mouse almost completely eliminated leukocyte rolling. These results indicate that PSGL-1 is required for the early inflammatory responses but not for E-selectin-mediated responses. These kinetics are consistent with a model in which PSGL-1 is the predominant neutrophil P-selectin ligand but is not a required counterreceptor for E-selectin under in vivo physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- Center for Hemostasis and Thrombosis Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
- Department of Biochemistry, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02111
| | - Takako Hirata
- Center for Hemostasis and Thrombosis Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
- Department of Biochemistry, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02111
| | - Kevin Croce
- Center for Hemostasis and Thrombosis Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
- Department of Biochemistry, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02111
| | - Glenn Merrill-Skoloff
- Center for Hemostasis and Thrombosis Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
- Department of Biochemistry, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02111
| | - Boris Tchernychev
- Center for Hemostasis and Thrombosis Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
- Department of Biochemistry, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02111
| | - Eric Williams
- Center for Hemostasis and Thrombosis Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
- Department of Biochemistry, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02111
| | - Robert Flaumenhaft
- Center for Hemostasis and Thrombosis Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
- Department of Biochemistry, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02111
| | - Barbara C. Furie
- Center for Hemostasis and Thrombosis Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
- Department of Biochemistry, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02111
| | - Bruce Furie
- Center for Hemostasis and Thrombosis Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
- Department of Biochemistry, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02111
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Kim YJ, Borsig L, Han HL, Varki NM, Varki A. Distinct selectin ligands on colon carcinoma mucins can mediate pathological interactions among platelets, leukocytes, and endothelium. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 1999; 155:461-72. [PMID: 10433939 PMCID: PMC1866847 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9440(10)65142-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Selectins are adhesion molecules that mediate calcium-dependent cell-cell interactions among leukocytes, platelets, and endothelial cells. The naturally occurring vascular ligands for the selectins are mostly mucin-type glycoproteins. Increased expression and altered glycosylation of mucins are known to be prominent features of carcinoma progression. We have previously shown that all three selectins bind to colon carcinoma cell lines in a calcium-dependent fashion and that carcinoma growth and metastasis formation are attenuated in P-selectin-deficient mice. Here we show that the three recombinant soluble selectins recognize ligands within primary colon carcinoma tissue samples. Affinity chromatography showed that the ligands for all three selectins are O-sialoglycoprotease-sensitive mucins that are recognized in a calcium- and sialic acid-dependent manner. Furthermore, there are separate binding sites on the mucins for each selectin, allowing cross-binding of a single mucin molecule by more than one selectin. We also show that the selectin ligands on purified carcinoma mucins can mediate at least four different pathological interactions among platelets, leukocytes, and endothelial cells. These findings could explain some of the adhesive events of blood-borne tumor cells reported to occur with leukocytes, platelets, and endothelial cells, which are believed to play a part in modulating some early events in tumor metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y J Kim
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, Division Hematology-Oncology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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Haier J, Nasralla MY, Nicolson GL. Beta1-integrin-mediated dynamic adhesion of colon carcinoma cells to extracellular matrix under laminar flow. Clin Exp Metastasis 1999; 17:377-87. [PMID: 10651304 DOI: 10.1023/a:1006658414040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
To resist substantial wall shear stress exerted by blood flow metastasizing colon carcinoma cells have to form adhesive contacts with endothelial cells and subendothelial extracellular matrix (ECM). At secondary sites tumor cells have to stabilize these initial adhesive interactions to prevent detachment and recirculation. Previously we found that adhesion of colon carcinoma cells to ECM components under static conditions is mediated, in part, by various beta1-integrins. Since other malignant cells possess adhesive properties that are different under static and dynamic conditions, we analyzed human colon carcinoma cell adhesion under flow by decreasing the flow (wall shear stress, WSS) of cell suspensions and allowing cells to interact with collagen-coated surfaces in a laminar flow chamber. HT-29 colon carcinoma cells were used to study wall shear adhesion threshold (WSAT), dynamic adhesion rate (DAR) and adhesion stabilization rate (ASR). DAR was determined after a low flow period using a WSS set at 50% of WSAT. ASR was calculated 60 sec after reestablishment of high WSS. Glass slides were coated with collagen I (C I) or bovine serum albumin (BSA, negative control). In some experiments cells were pretreated with function-blocking anti-beta1 or nonspecific IgG. Rolling of cells occurred on C I- and BSA-coated surfaces at high WSS. By decreasing WSS cell sticking without definite adhesion was found, and cells stuck to BSA at WSS lower than that found for C I. Further decreasing WSS below WSAT enabled stable cell adhesion to C I, but only a few cells adhered to BSA. ASR was found to be 73% of primarily adherent cells (to C I). Pretreatment with anti-beta1 did not affect cell rolling but did inhibit cell sticking and adhesion completely, whereas nonspecific IgG was without effect. Activation of PKC using phorbol ester resulted in an increase of adhesive interactions under dynamic and static conditions, whereas its inhibition reduced adhesion. Adhesive interactions of HT-29 colon carcinoma cells with ECM-coated surfaces under laminar flow conditions occurred in various steps: (1) rolling, (2) sticking or initial adhesion, and (3) stabilization of adhesion. Under shear flow rolling of tumor cells on ECM-coated surfaces appeared to be mediated mainly by physical/mechanical and nonspecific surface-cell membrane interactions, whereas stabilized adhesion to ECM was specifically mediated by beta1-integrin binding to ECM components. PKC seems to be involved in the regulation of adhesion stabilization under static and flow conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Haier
- The Institute for Molecular Medicine, Huntington Beach, CA 92649, USA
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Koenig A, Norgard-Sumnicht K, Linhardt R, Varki A. Differential interactions of heparin and heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycans with the selectins. Implications for the use of unfractionated and low molecular weight heparins as therapeutic agents. J Clin Invest 1998; 101:877-89. [PMID: 9466983 PMCID: PMC508636 DOI: 10.1172/jci1509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 295] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The selectins are calcium-dependent C-type lectins that bind certain sialylated, fucosylated, sulfated glycoprotein ligands. L-selectin also recognizes endothelial proteoglycans in a calcium-dependent manner, via heparan sulfate (HS) glycosaminoglycan chains enriched in unsubstituted glucosamine units. We now show that these HS chains can also bind P-selectin, but not E-selectin. However, while L-selectin binding requires micromolar levels of free calcium, P-selectin recognition is largely divalent cation-independent. Despite this, HS chains bound to P-selectin are eluted by ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), but only at high concentrations. Porcine intestinal mucosal (mast cell-derived) heparin (PIM-heparin) shows similar properties, with no binding to E-selectin, calcium-dependent binding of a subfraction to L-selectin and to P-selectin, and calcium-independent binding of a larger fraction to P-selectin, the latter being disrupted by high EDTA concentrations. Analysis of defined heparin fragment pools shows a size dependence for interaction, with tetradecasaccharides showing easily detectable binding to L- and P-selectin affinity columns. L-selectin binding fragments include more heavily sulfated and epimerized regions and, as with the endothelial HS chains, they are enriched in free amino groups. The P-selectin binding component includes this fraction as well as some less highly modified regions. Thus, endothelium-derived HS chains and mast cell-derived heparins could play a role in modulating the biology of selectins in vivo. Notably, P- and L-selectin binding to sialyl-Lewisx and to HL-60 cells (which are known to carry the native ligand PSGL-1) is inhibited by unfractionated pharmaceutical heparin preparations at concentrations 12-50-fold lower than those recommended for effective anticoagulation in vivo. In contrast, two low molecular weight heparins currently considered as clinical replacements for unfractionated heparin are much poorer inhibitors. Thus, patients undergoing heparin therapy for other reasons may be experiencing clinically significant inhibition of L- and P-selectin function, and the current switchover to low-molecular weight heparins may come at some loss of this effect. Low-dose unfractionated heparin should be investigated as a treatment option for acute and chronic diseases in which P- and L-selectin play pathological roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Koenig
- Glycobiology Program, UCSD Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
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Renkonen R, Mattila P, Majuri ML, Räbinä J, Toppila S, Renkonen J, Hirvas L, Niittymäki J, Turunen JP, Renkonen O, Paavonen T. In vitro experimental studies of sialyl Lewis x and sialyl Lewis a on endothelial and carcinoma cells: crucial glycans on selectin ligands. Glycoconj J 1997; 14:593-600. [PMID: 9298692 DOI: 10.1023/a:1018536509950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Extravasation from the blood of malignant tumour cells that form metastasis and leukocytes that go into tissues require contact between selectins and their sialyl Lewis x and sialyl Lewis a (sLe(x) and sLe(a) respectively) decorated ligands. Endothelial cells have been shown to express sLe(x) epitopes in lymph nodes and at sites of inflammation, and this is crucial for the selectin-dependent leukocyte traffic. Besides the ability to synthesize sLe(x) on sialylated N-acetyllactosamine via the action of alpha(1,3)fucosyltransferase(s), endothelial cells can also degrade sLe(x) to Lewis x through the action of alpha(2,3)sialidase(s). In addition, several epithelial tumors possess the machinery to synthesize sLe(x), which facilitates their adhesion to endothelial E- and P-selectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Renkonen
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Finland.
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