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Beriotto AC, Vissio PG, Gisbert E, Fernández I, Álvarez González CA, Di Yorio MP, Sallemi JE, Pérez Sirkin DI. From zero to ossified: Larval skeletal ontogeny of the Neotropical Cichlid fish Cichlasoma dimerus. J Morphol 2023; 284:e21641. [PMID: 37708507 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.21641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
The identification of skeletal elements, the analysis of their developmental sequence, and the time of their appearance during larval development are essential to broaden the knowledge of each fish species and to recognize skeletal abnormalities that may affect further fish performance. Therefore, this study aimed to provide a general description of the development of the entire skeleton highlighting its variability in Cichlasoma dimerus. Larvae of C. dimersus were stained with alcian blue and alizarin red from hatching to 25 days posthatching. Skeletogenesis began with the endoskeletal disk and some cartilage structures from the caudal fin and the splachnocranium, while the first bony structure observed was the cleithrum. When larvae reached the free-swimming and exogenous feeding stage, mostly bones from the jaws, the branchial arches, and the opercle series evidenced some degree of ossification, suggesting that the ossification sequence of C. dimerus adjusts to physiological demands such as feeding and ventilation. The caudal region was the most variable regarding meristic counts and evidenced higher incidence of bone deformities. In conclusion, this work provides an overview of C. dimerus skeletogenesis and lays the groundwork for further studies on diverse topics, like developmental plasticity, rearing conditions, or phylogenetic relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustina C Beriotto
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada (IBBEA), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paula G Vissio
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada (IBBEA), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Enric Gisbert
- IRTA, Centre de la Ràpita, Aquaculture Program, Sant Carles de la Ràpita, España
| | - Ignacio Fernández
- Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo, Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), CSIC, Vigo, España
| | - Carlos A Álvarez González
- Laboratorio de Acuicultura Tropical, División Académica de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa, México
| | - María P Di Yorio
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada (IBBEA), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Julieta E Sallemi
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada (IBBEA), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniela I Pérez Sirkin
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada (IBBEA), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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2
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Bernt MJ, Stiassny ML. A New Species of Air-Breathing Catfish (Clariidae: Clarias) from Salonga National Park, Democratic Republic of the Congo. AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES 2022. [DOI: 10.1206/3990.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maxwell J. Bernt
- American Museum of Natural History, Department of Ichthyology, New York
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3
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OUP accepted manuscript. Zool J Linn Soc 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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4
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Ponssa ML, Abdala V. Sesamoids in Caudata and Gymnophiona (Lissamphibia): absences and evidence. PeerJ 2021; 8:e10595. [PMID: 33384907 PMCID: PMC7751427 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
An integrative definition of sesamoid bones has been recently proposed, highlighting their relationship with tendons and ligaments, their genetic origin, the influence of epigenetic stimuli on their development, and their variable tissue composition. Sesamoid bones occur mainly associated with a large number of mobile joints in vertebrates, most commonly in the postcranium. Here, we present a survey of the distribution pattern of sesamoids in 256 taxa of Caudata and Gymnophiona and 24 taxa of temnospondyls and lepospondyls, based on dissections, high-resolution X-ray computed tomography from digital databases and literature data. These groups have a pivotal role in the interpretation of the evolution of sesamoids in Lissamphibia and tetrapods in general. Our main goals were: (1) to contribute to the knowledge of the comparative anatomy of sesamoids in Lissamphibia; (2) to assess the evolutionary history of selected sesamoids. We formally studied the evolution of the observed sesamoids by optimizing them in the most accepted phylogeny of the group. We identified only three bony or cartilaginous sesamoids in Caudata: the mandibular sesamoid, which is adjacent to the jaw articulation; one located on the mandibular symphysis; and one located in the posterior end of the maxilla. We did not observe any cartilaginous or osseous sesamoid in Gymnophiona. Mapping analyses of the sesamoid dataset of urodeles onto the phylogeny revealed that the very conspicuous sesamoid in the mandibular symphysis of Necturus beyeri and Amphiuma tridactylum is an independent acquisition of these taxa. On the contrary, the sesamoid located between the maxilla and the lower jaw is a new synapomorphy that supports the node of Hydromantes platycephalus and Karsenia coreana. The absence of a mandibular sesamoid is plesiomorphic to Caudata, whereas it is convergent in seven different families. The absence of postcranial sesamoids in salamanders might reveal a paedomorphic pattern that would be visible in their limb joints.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Laura Ponssa
- Área Herpetología, Unidad Ejecutora Lillo (UEL), CONICET-Fundación Miguel Lillo, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Virginia Abdala
- Instituto de Biodiversidad Neotropical (IBN), UNT-CONICET. Cátedra de Biología General, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e IML, UNT, Yerba Buena, Tucuman, Argentina
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5
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Alarcón-Ríos L, Nicieza AG, Kaliontzopoulou A, Buckley D, Velo-Antón G. Evolutionary History and Not Heterochronic Modifications Associated with Viviparity Drive Head Shape Differentiation in a Reproductive Polymorphic Species, Salamandra salamandra. Evol Biol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11692-019-09489-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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6
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Pastana MNL, Bockmann FA, Datovo A. The cephalic lateral-line system of Characiformes (Teleostei: Ostariophysi): anatomy and phylogenetic implications. Zool J Linn Soc 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe lateral-line system has been traditionally recognized as an important source of phylogenetic information for different groups of fishes. Although extensively studied in Siluriformes and Cypriniformes, the lateral-line system of Characiformes remained underexplored. In the present study, the anatomy of the cephalic lateral-line canals of characiforms is described in detail and a unifying terminology that considers the ontogeny and homologies of the components of this system is offered. Aspects of the arrangement of lateral-line canals, as well as the number, location and size of canal tubules and pores, resulted in the identification of novel putative synapomorphies for Characiformes and several of its subgroups. The study also revised synapomorphies previously proposed for different characiform families and provided comments on their observed distribution across the order based on extensive taxon sampling. Information from the ontogenetic studies of the cephalic lateral-line canal system and a proposal for the proper use of these data to detect truncations in the development of the lateral-line canals across the order is also offered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murilo N L Pastana
- Laboratório de Ictiologia, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flávio A Bockmann
- Laboratório de Ictiologia de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aléssio Datovo
- Laboratório de Ictiologia, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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7
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Vieira L, Santos A, Hirano L, Menezes-Reis L, Mendonça J, Sebben A. Ontogeny of the skull of the Black Caiman (Melanosuchus niger) (Crocodylia: Alligatoridae). CAN J ZOOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2018-0076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We describe the formation of the chondrocranium and the ossification pattern of the skull of the Black Caiman (Melanosuchus niger (Spix, 1825)). The embryos were cleared and double-stained with Alizarin Red S and Alcian Blue 8GX. Additionally, they were visualized by histological hematoxylin and eosin staining and computed tomography imaging. The chondrocranium of M. niger comprised the nasal capsule, orbitotemporal, and optic–occipital regions. Its development began at stage 9, with the chondrification of the acrochordal cartilage, trabeculae, and mandibular cartilage. The optic capsule was formed in the caudolateral portion of the chondrocranium at stage 13. The basal plate appeared at stage 14, with foramina for the hypoglossal. The chondrocranium was completely formed at stage 16. The first osteogenic events were noted at stage 13, in the bones, maxilla, jugal, postorbital, and pterygoid. The quadratojugal, prefrontal, frontal, and squamosal began their ossification at stage 14. The parietal bone began to ossify only at stage 20. The basisphenoid began at stage 15 and the parasphenoid began at stage 16. The jaw bones ossified between stages 13 and 16. The dermal elements started their ossification prior to the endochondral bones.
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Affiliation(s)
- L.G. Vieira
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiânia (UFG), Chácaras Califórnia, Goiânia, Goiás, 74045-155, Brasil
| | - A.L.Q. Santos
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Avenida Pará, 1720 – Umuarama, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, 38400-902, Brasil
| | - L.Q.L. Hirano
- Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Brasília (UnB), ICC Sul Campos Universitário Darci Ribeiro – Sul, Brasília, Distrito Federal, 70297-400, Brasil
| | - L.T. Menezes-Reis
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Avenida Pará 1720 – Bloco 2B – Sala 2B22, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, 38400-902, Caixa Postal 592, Brasil
| | - J.S. Mendonça
- Instituto de Biociência, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265 – Jardim Nazareth, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, 15054-000, Brasil
| | - A. Sebben
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília (UnB), UnB 1° andar – Asa Norte, Brasília, Distrito Federal, 70910-900, Brasil
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8
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Datovo A, Rizzato PP. Evolution of the facial musculature in basal ray-finned fishes. Front Zool 2018; 15:40. [PMID: 30386405 PMCID: PMC6202829 DOI: 10.1186/s12983-018-0285-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The facial musculature is a remarkable anatomical complex involved in vital activities of fishes, such as food capture and gill ventilation. The evolution of the facial muscles is largely unknown in most major fish lineages, such as the Actinopterygii. This megadiverse group includes all ray-finned fishes and comprises approximately half of the living vertebrate species. The Polypteriformes, Acipenseriformes, Lepisosteiformes, Amiiformes, Elopiformes, and Hiodontiformes occupy basal positions in the actinopterygian phylogeny and a comparative study of their facial musculature is crucial for understanding the cranial evolution of bony fishes (Osteichthyes) as a whole. Results The facial musculature of basal actinopterygians is revised, redescribed, and analyzed under an evolutionary perspective. We identified twenty main muscle components ontogenetically and evolutionarily derived from three primordial muscles. Homologies of these components are clarified and serve as basis for the proposition of a standardized and unifying myological terminology for all ray-finned fishes. The evolutionary changes in the facial musculature are optimized on the osteichthyan tree and several new synapomorphies are identified for its largest clades, including the Actinopterygii, Neopterygii, and Teleostei. Myological data alone ambiguously support the monophyly of the Holostei. A newly identified specialization constitutes the first unequivocal morphological synapomorphy for the Elopiformes. The myological survey additionally allowed a reinterpretation of the homologies of ossifications in the upper jaw of acipenseriforms. Conclusions The facial musculature proved to be extremely informative for the higher-level phylogeny of bony fishes. These muscles have undergone remarkable changes during the early radiation of ray-finned fishes, with significant implications for the knowledge of the musculoskeletal evolution of both derived actinopterygians and lobe-finned fishes (Sarcopterygii).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aléssio Datovo
- 1Laboratório de Ictiologia, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo (MZUSP), Av. Nazaré, 481, São Paulo, 04263-000 SP Brazil
| | - Pedro P Rizzato
- 2Laboratório de Ictiologia de Ribeirão Preto (LIRP), FFCLRP, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-901 Brazil
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9
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Amador LI, Giannini NP, Simmons NB, Abdala V. Morphology and Evolution of Sesamoid Elements in Bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera). AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES 2018. [DOI: 10.1206/3905.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucila Inés Amador
- Unidad Ejecutora Lillo: Fundación Miguel Lillo – CONICET, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Norberto Pedro Giannini
- Unidad Ejecutora Lillo: Fundación Miguel Lillo – CONICET, Tucumán, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
- Division of Vertebrate Zoology (Mammalogy), American Museum of Natural History
| | - Nancy B. Simmons
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Virginia Abdala
- Instituto de Biodiversidad Neotropical: Universidad Nacional de Tucumán – CONICET, Tucumán, Argentina
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10
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Wright JJ. A new diminutive genus and species of catfish from Lake Tanganyika (Siluriformes: Clariidae). JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2017; 91:789-805. [PMID: 28744868 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The examination of material representing one of Lake Tanganyika's six previously recognized endemic catfish lineages, has revealed the presence of an additional genus of clariid, described here as Pseudotanganikallabes new genus. This genus is represented by a single species, Pseudotanganikallabes prognatha sp. nov., which is distinguished from all other clariids by its lack of an infraorbital series, the presence of multiple osseous connections between the swim bladder capsules and elements of the neurocranium, the absence of an ethmoid notch, the presence of a very large, egg-shaped occipital fontanelle and the extension of the lower lip beyond the margin of the upper jaw. A combination of additional external and molecular characters serves to further distinguish this taxon from all currently recognized clariid species. Phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial (cytb) and nuclear (18S-ITS1-5.8S-ITS2-28S) sequence data supports the creation of a new genus for this species, as it appears to represent an independent, monophyletic lineage within the family Clariidae.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Wright
- New York State Museum, 3140 Cultural Education Center, Albany, NY, 12230, U.S.A
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11
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Nabavizadeh A, Weishampel DB. The Predentary Bone and Its Significance in the Evolution of Feeding Mechanisms in Ornithischian Dinosaurs. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2016; 299:1358-88. [PMID: 27490958 DOI: 10.1002/ar.23455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The characteristic predentary bone in ornithischian dinosaurs is a unique, unpaired element located at the midline of the mandibular symphysis. Although traditionally thought to only be a plant "nipping" bone, the true functional significance of this bone among feeding mechanisms of ornithischian dinosaurs is poorly known. Recent studies of a select few ornithischian genera have suggested rotation of the mandibular corpora around their long axes relative to their midline joint articulation with the predentary bone. This study aims to re-evaluate these hypotheses as well as provide in-depth qualitative comparative descriptions of predentary bone morphology in ornithischian genera throughout all subclades, including heterodontosaurids, thyreophorans, ornithopods, and marginocephalians. Descriptions evaluate overall shape of the predentary, its articular surfaces contacting the rostral ends of the dentaries, and the morphology of the rostral extent of the dentaries and their midline symphysis. Functionally relevant morphologies in each predentary morphotype are accentuated for further speculation of feeding mechanisms. Three predentary morphotypes are described throughout ornithischian subclades and each plays a unique role in feeding adaptations. Most notably, the predentary likely evolved as a midline axial point of the mandibular symphysis for simultaneous variable movement or rotation of the mandibular corpora in many, but not all, taxa. This simultaneous movement of the hemimandibles would have aided in feeding on both sides of the jaw at once. The function of the predentary as well as other jaw adaptations is discussed for genera throughout all subclades, focusing on both general shape and joint morphology. Anat Rec, 299:1358-1388, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Nabavizadeh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, New Jersey.
| | - David B Weishampel
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Center for Functional Anatomy and Evolution, Baltimore, Maryland
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12
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Carvalho M, Vari RP. Development of the splanchnocranium in Prochilodus argenteus (Teleostei: Characiformes) with a discussion of the basal developmental patterns in the Otophysi. ZOOLOGY 2015; 118:34-50. [PMID: 25595854 DOI: 10.1016/j.zool.2014.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Revised: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Development of the mandibular, hyoid and gill arches, which constitute the splanchnocranium, are described for Prochilodus argenteus, order Characiformes, one of the basal lineages of the Otophysi. Development was examined from just hatched larvae through juveniles using whole specimens cleared and counterstained for cartilage and bone as well as histological preparations. Observations are compared with the developmental trends reported for Cypriniformes, the basalmost clade of the Otophysi. Shortened developmental sequences for Prochilodus compared to the cypriniform Catostomus were discovered in the ontogeny of the ceratohyals, ceratobranchials 1-5, epibranchials 1-4 and the symplectic portion of the hyosymplectic. Prochilodus also differs from Catostomus in having the basihyal plus the anterior copula appearing at different stages of ontogeny rather than simultaneously. Contrary to previous assumptions, developmental information indicates that hypobranchial 4 as well as likely basibranchial 5 are present in Prochilodus. Various developmental patterns in Prochilodus considered basal for the Otophysi, the predominant component of the Ostariophysi, are likely conserved from patterns prevalent in basal groups in the Actinopterygii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murilo Carvalho
- Laboratório de Ictiologia de Ribeirão Preto (LIRP), Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de São Paulo, PPG Biologia Comparada, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14040-901 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Richard P Vari
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, PO Box 37012, MRC 159, Washington, DC 20013-7012, USA
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13
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Edsall SC, Franz-Odendaal TA. An assessment of the long-term effects of simulated microgravity on cranial neural crest cells in zebrafish embryos with a focus on the adult skeleton. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89296. [PMID: 24586670 PMCID: PMC3930699 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
It is becoming increasingly important to address the long-term effects of exposure to simulated microgravity as the potential for space tourism and life in space become prominent topics amongst the World's governments. There are several studies examining the effects of exposure to simulated microgravity on various developmental systems and in various organisms; however, few examine the effects beyond the juvenile stages. In this study, we expose zebrafish embryos to simulated microgravity starting at key stages associated with cranial neural crest cell migration. We then analyzed the skeletons of adult fish. Gross observations and morphometric analyses show that exposure to simulated microgravity results in stunted growth, reduced ossification and severe distortion of some skeletal elements. Additionally, we investigated the effects on the juvenile skull and body pigmentation. This study determines for the first time the long-term effects of embryonic exposure to simulated microgravity on the developing skull and highlights the importance of studies investigating the effects of altered gravitational forces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara C. Edsall
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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14
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Harrington SM, Harrison LB, Sheil CA. Ossification sequence heterochrony among amphibians. Evol Dev 2013; 15:344-64. [DOI: 10.1111/ede.12043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sean M. Harrington
- Department of Biology; John Carroll University, University Heights; Ohio 44118 USA
| | - Luke B. Harrison
- Redpath Museum; McGill University; 859 Sherbrooke Street West Montreal QC, Canada H3A 2K6
| | - Christopher A. Sheil
- Department of Biology; John Carroll University, University Heights; Ohio 44118 USA
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15
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Rook L, Ghinassi M, Carnevale G, Delfino M, Pavia M, Bondioli L, Candilio F, Coppa A, Martínez-Navarro B, Medin T, Papini M, Zanolli C, Libsekal Y. Stratigraphic context and paleoenvironmental significance of minor taxa (Pisces, Reptilia, Aves, Rodentia) from the late Early Pleistocene paleoanthropological site of Buia (Eritrea). J Hum Evol 2013; 64:83-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2012.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2012] [Revised: 10/12/2012] [Accepted: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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16
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Mitgutsch C, Wimmer C, Sánchez-Villagra MR, Hahnloser R, Schneider RA. Timing of ossification in duck, quail, and zebra finch: intraspecific variation, heterochronies, and life history evolution. Zoolog Sci 2011; 28:491-500. [PMID: 21728797 DOI: 10.2108/zsj.28.491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Skeletogenic heterochronies have gained much attention in comparative developmental biology. The temporal appearance of mineralized individual bones in a species - the species ossification sequence - is an excellent marker in this kind of study. Several publications describe interspecific variation, but only very few detail intraspecific variation. In this study, we describe and analyze the temporal order of ossification of skeletal elements in the zebra finch, Taeniopygia guttata, the Japanese quail, Coturnix coturnix japonica, and the White Pekin duck, a domestic race of the mallard Anas platyrhynchos, and explore patterns of intraspecific variation in these events. The overall sequences were found to be conserved. In the duck, variability is present in the relative timing of ossification in the occipital, the basisphenoid and the otic regions of the skull and the phalanges in the postcranium. This variation appears generally in close temporal proximity. Comparison with previously published data shows differences in ossification sequence in the skull, the feet, and the pelvis in the duck, and especially the pelvis in the quail. This clearly documents variability among different breeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Mitgutsch
- Paläontologisches Institut und Museum, Universität Zürich, Karl Schmid-Strasse 4, CH-8006 Zürich, Switzerland
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17
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Lima FC, Santos ALQ, Vieira LG, Coutinho ME. Sequência de ossificação do sincrânio e hioide em embriões de Caiman yacare (Crocodylia, Alligatoridae). IHERINGIA. SERIE ZOOLOGIA 2011. [DOI: 10.1590/s0073-47212011000200003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
O crânio representa uma estrutura única e complexa dos vertebrados, sendo foco relevante objeto de estudos morfológicos e sistemáticos. Embora os crocodilianos constituam um importante grupo representante dos Archosauria, nossos conhecimentos acerca de seu desenvolvimento e homologias ainda são escassos. Aqui descrevemos uma sequência detalhada de ossificação dos ossos do crânio de Caiman yacare (Daudin, 1802), objetivando contribuir com informações de foco anatômico. Coletaram-se ao acaso embriões em intervalos regulares durante todo o período de incubação, sendo estes posteriormente submetidos a protocolo de diafanização e coloração de ossos. O padrão de ossificação em C. yacare segue parâmetros gerais em répteis e outros tetrápodes. Os primeiros centros de ossificação correspondem aos ossos dérmicos, envolvidos com funções primárias como a alimentação e respiração (e.g. maxila, dentário, esplenial, angular, pterigoide, ectopterigoide e jugal, incluindo ainda os dentes). Os ossos da porção dorsal do neurocrânio se ossificam posteriormente, evidenciando uma fontanela cranial que permanece até o momento da eclosão. Os ossos parietal, frontal e opstótico possuem mais de um centro de ossificação que se fundem durante a ontogenia. O centro de ossificação do parisfenoide está ausente, e apenas um centro de ossificação está presente para o basisfenoide. A porção posterior do crânio é formada por centros de substituição do condrocrânio que se ossificam em estágios posteriores.
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Huysentruyt F, Geerinckx T, Brunain M, Adriaens D. Development of the osteocranium in Corydoras aeneus (Gill, 1858) Callichthyidae, Siluriformes. J Morphol 2011; 272:573-82. [PMID: 21344478 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.10935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2010] [Revised: 10/19/2010] [Accepted: 11/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Development in the osteocranium of Corydoras aeneus was studied based on 48 cleared and stained specimens and 10 series of serial sections. Development overall follows the general trends observed in siluriform development, with ossifications appearing as a response to functional demands. Early development of the skull occurs in two distinct phases. In a first phase, several new bony elements, all of dermal origin and related to feeding, appear shortly after yolk depletion (4.4 mm SL). Between 5 and 8 mm SL, developmental priorities seem to shift to size increase of the cartilaginous skull and no new bony elements appear. Finally, a second phase of osteogenesis occurs from 8 to 18 mm SL, in which all remaining dermal and perichondral bones appear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Huysentruyt
- Evolutionary Morphology of Vertebrates, Department of Biology, Ghent University-UGent, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Gent, Belgium.
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Huysentruyt F, Brunain M, Adriaens D. Ontogeny of the cranial musculature in Corydoras aeneus Callichthyidae, Siluriformes. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2009; 75:1601-1614. [PMID: 20738636 DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2009.02386.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A complete study of the early ontogeny of the cranial muscles of Corydoras aeneus (Callichthyidae) was undertaken and results were compared with those for the loricariid Ancistrus cf. triradiatus. This comparison reveals a high degree of similarity in the ontogeny of both species' cranial muscles. Both species lack a musculus protractor hyoidei, and the musculus intermandibularis posterior is divided into two different parts that have partly obtained a novel function (serving the lower lip) in A. cf. triradiatus. A similar increase in muscular complexity in this species is found in the dorsal constrictor of the hyoid muscle plate. This constrictor gives rise to the same muscles in both C. aeneus and A. cf. triradiatus, but in A. cf. triradiatus the musculus levator operculi later hypertrophies. In C. aeneus the musculus extensor tentaculi forms a single muscle diverging posteriorly, whereas in A. cf. triradiatus the musculus extensor tentaculi differentiates into two separate bundles. Also, a loricariid neoformation is present called the musculus levator tentaculi.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Huysentruyt
- Evolutionary Morphology of Vertebrates, Department of Biology, Ghent University, K. L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Gent, Belgium.
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Adriaens D, Geerinckx T, Vlassenbroeck J, Van Hoorebeke L, Herrel A. Extensive Jaw Mobility in Suckermouth Armored Catfishes (Loricariidae): A Morphological and Kinematic Analysis of Substrate Scraping Mode of Feeding. Physiol Biochem Zool 2009; 82:51-62. [DOI: 10.1086/594378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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21
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Maxwell EE, Harrison LB. Ossification sequence of the common tern (Sterna hirundo) and its implications for the interrelationships of the Lari (Aves, Charadriiformes). J Morphol 2008; 269:1056-72. [DOI: 10.1002/jmor.10633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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22
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Maxwell EE. Ossification sequence of the avian order anseriformes, with comparison to other precocial birds. J Morphol 2008; 269:1095-113. [DOI: 10.1002/jmor.10644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Devaere S, Jansen G, Adriaens D, Weekers P. Phylogeny of the African representatives of the catfish family Clariidae (Teleostei, Siluriformes) based on a combined analysis: independent evolution towards anguilliformity. J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0469.2006.00399.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Geerinckx T, Brunain M, Adriaens D. Development of the osteocranium in the suckermouth armored catfish Ancistrus cf. triradiatus (Loricariidae, siluriformes). J Morphol 2007; 268:254-74. [PMID: 17299777 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.10515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The development of the osteocranium of the suckermouth armored catfish Ancistrus cf. triradiatus is described based on specimens ranging from prehatching stages to juvenile stages where the osteocranium is more or less fully formed. The first bony elements that arise are the opercle, jaws, and lateralmost branchiostegal rays, as well as the basioccipital and parasphenoid in the skull floor. The supracleithrum and the membranous and perichondral pterotic components form one large, double-layered skull bone during ontogeny, without clear evidence of the involvement of a supratemporal. The Baudelot's ligament ossifies from two sides, i.e., from the basioccipital medially and the supracleithrum laterally. The lower jaw consists of a dentary, mentomeckelian, and angulo-articular, which all soon fuse. The parurohyal, formed by the fusion of a ventral sesamoid bone and a dorsal cartilage element associated with the first basibranchial, is pierced by a vein, unlike in some other siluriforms. The interhyal cartilage disappears during ontogeny; medially of it, a small sesamoid bone appears in a ligament. The largest, canal-bearing cheek plate is not homologous to the interopercle. The results of the present research, with emphasis on bone formations and homologies, are compared with studies on related catfishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Geerinckx
- Evolutionary Morphology of Vertebrates, Ghent University-UGent, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, Gent 9000, Belgium.
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25
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Abstract
In vertebrates, the ontogeny of the bony skull forms a particularly complex part of embryonic development. Although this area used to be restricted to neontology, recent discoveries of fossil ontogenies provide an additional source of data. One of the most detailed ossification sequences is known from Permo-Carboniferous amphibians, the branchiosaurids. These temnospondyls form a near-perfect link between the piscine osteichthyans and the various clades of extant tetrapods, retaining a full complement of dermal bones in the skull. For the first time, the broader evolutionary significance of these event sequences is analyzed, focusing on the identification of sequence heterochronies. A set of 120 event pairs was analyzed by event pair cracking, which helped identify active movers. A cladistic analysis of the event pair data was also carried out, highlighting some shared patterns between widely divergent clades of tetrapods. The analyses revealed an unexpected degree of similarity between the widely divergent taxa. Most interesting is the apparently modular composition of the cranial sequence: five clusters of bones were discovered in each of which the elements form in the same time window: (1) jaw bones, (2) marginal palatal elements, (3) circumorbital bones, (4) skull roof elements, and (5) neurocranial ossifications. In the studied taxa, these "modules" have in most cases been shifted fore and back on the trajectory relative to the Amia sequence, but did not disintegrate. Such "modules" might indicate a high degree of evolutionary limitation (constraint).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer R Schoch
- Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Stuttgart, Rosenstein 1, D-70191 Stuttgart, Germany.
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Cranial morphology of the anguilliform clariid
Channallabes apus
(Günther, 1873) (Teleostei: Siluriformes): are adaptations related to powerful biting? J Zool (1987) 2006. [DOI: 10.1017/s0952836901001303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Morphology of the cranial system of Platyclarias machadoi: interdependencies of skull flattening and suspensorial structure in Clariidae. ZOOMORPHOLOGY 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s00435-005-0012-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Van Wassenbergh S, Aerts P, Herrel A. Scaling of Suction Feeding Performance in the CatfishClarias gariepinus. Physiol Biochem Zool 2006; 79:43-56. [PMID: 16380927 DOI: 10.1086/498188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/11/2005] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Ontogenetic changes in the absolute dimensions of the cranial system together with changes in kinematics during prey capture can cause differences in the spatiotemporal patterns of water flow generated during suction feeding. Because the velocity of this water flow determines the force that pulls prey toward and into the mouth cavity, this can affect suction feeding performance. In this study, size-related changes in the suction-induced flow patterns are determined. To do so, a mathematical suction model is applied to video recordings of prey capturing Clarias gariepinus ranging in total length from 111 to 923 mm. Although large C. gariepinus could be expected to have increasing peak velocities of water flow compared with small individuals, the results from the hydrodynamic model show that this is not the case. Yet, when C. gariepinus becomes larger, the expansive phase is prolonged, resulting in a longer sustained flow. This flow also reaches farther in front of the mouth almost proportionally with head size. Forward dynamical simulations with spherical prey that are subjected to the calculated water flows indicate that the absolute distance from which a given prey can be sucked into the mouth as well as the maximal prey diameter increase substantially with increasing head size. Consequently, the range of potential prey that can be captured through suction feeding will become broader during growth of C. gariepinus. This appears to be reflected in the natural diet of this species, where both the size and the number of evasive prey increase with increasing predator size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Van Wassenbergh
- Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium.
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Devaere S, Adriaens D, Teugels GG, Verraes W. Morphology and spatial constraints in a dorso‐ventrally flattened skull, with a revised species description ofPlatyallabes tihoni(Poll, 1944). J NAT HIST 2005. [DOI: 10.1080/00222930400020103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Herrel A, Van Wassenbergh S, Wouters S, Adriaens D, Aerts P. A functional morphological approach to the scaling of the feeding system in the African catfish,Clarias gariepinus. J Exp Biol 2005; 208:2091-102. [PMID: 15914653 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.01604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARYEffects of size are pervasive and affect nearly all aspects of the biology of animals and plants. Theoretical scaling models have been developed to predict the effects of size on the functioning of musculo-skeletal systems. Although numerous experimental studies have investigated the effects of size on the movements of skeletal elements during locomotion and feeding in vertebrates, relatively little is known about the scaling of the muscles and bones responsible for the actual movements. Here, we examine the scaling of external morphology, skeletal elements of the feeding system, and a number of cranial muscles to understand how this may affect the movements observed during suction feeding in the African catfish, Clarias gariepinus. The results show that neither the head nor the cranial elements themselves scale according to geometric similarity models. Relative to head size,distinct changes in the mass and configuration of the feeding structures takes place. Unexpectedly, different cranial muscles show different scaling patterns that ultimately all lead to a positive allometry of muscle cross-sectional area relative to fish head size. This suggests that (1) the scaling of the cranial elements cannot be predicted a priori based on the scaling of external head dimensions and (2) the scaling of the feeding system is optimised towards high force output in the larger animals. An analysis of the consequences of the observed changes in morphology with size on performance traits, including bite force and jaw closing velocity, suggests a tight link between the scaling of the feeding system and the natural diet of these fish. Whereas for smaller size classes the system is tuned towards high bite forces,for animals with cranial lengths greater than 65 mm the scaling of the feeding system appears to be dictated by the hydrodynamic constraints on suction feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Herrel
- Dept Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Antwerpen, Belgium.
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31
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Van Wassenbergh S, Aerts P, Herrel A. Scaling of suction-feeding kinematics and dynamics in the African catfish,Clarias gariepinus. J Exp Biol 2005; 208:2103-14. [PMID: 15914654 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.01603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARYScaling effects on the kinematics of suction feeding in fish remain poorly understood, at least partly because of the inconsistency of the results of the existing experimental studies. Suction feeding is mechanically distinct from most other type of movements in that negative pressure inside the buccal cavity is thought to be the most important speed-limiting factor during suction. However, how buccal pressure changes with size and how this influences the speed of buccal expansion is unknown. In this paper, the effects of changes in body size on kinematics of suction feeding are studied in the catfish Clarias gariepinus. Video recordings of prey-capturing C. gariepinus ranging in total length from 111 to 923 mm were made,from which maximal displacements, velocities and accelerations of several elements of the cranial system were determined. By modelling the observed expanding head of C. gariepinus as a series of expanding hollow elliptical cylinders, buccal pressure and power requirement for the expansive phase of prey capture were calculated for an ontogenetic sequence of catfish. We found that angular velocities decrease approximately proportional with increasing cranial size, while linear velocities remain more or less constant. Although a decreasing (angular) speed of buccal expansion with increasing size could be predicted (based on calculations of power requirement and the expected mass-proportional scaling of available muscular power in C. gariepinus), the observed drop in (angular) speed during growth exceeds these predictions. The calculated muscle-mass-specific power output decreases significantly with size, suggesting a relatively lower suction effort in the larger catfish compared with the smaller catfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Van Wassenbergh
- Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Antwerpen, Belgium.
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Devaere S, Teugels GG, Adriaens D, Huysentruyt F, Verraes W. Redescription of Dolichallabes microphthalmus (Poll, 1942) (Siluriformes, Clariidae). COPEIA 2004. [DOI: 10.1643/ci-03-025r1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Abstract
Development creates morphology, and the study of developmental processes has repeatedly shed light on patterns of morphological evolution. However, development itself evolves as well, often concomitantly with changes in life history or in morphology. In this paper, two approaches are used to examine the evolution of skull development in pipoid frogs. Pipoids have highly unusual morphologies and life histories compared to other frogs, and their development also proves to be remarkable. First, a phylogenetic examination of skull bone ossification sequences reveals that jaw ossification occurs significantly earlier in pipoids than in other frogs; this represents a reversal to the primitive vertebrate condition. Early jaw ossification in pipoids is hypothesized to result from the absence of certain larval specializations possessed by other frogs, combined with unusual larval feeding behaviors. Second, thin-plate spline morphometric studies of ontogenetic shape change reveal important differences between pipoid skull development and that of other frogs. In the course of frog evolution, there has been a shift away from salamander-like patterns of ontogenetic shape change. The pipoids represent the culmination of this trend, and their morphologies are highly derived in numerous respects. This study represents the first detailed examination of the evolution of skull development in a diverse vertebrate clade within a phylogenetic framework. It is also the first study to examine ossification sequences across vertebrates, and the first to use thin-plate spline morphometrics to quantitatively describe ontogenetic trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Yeh
- Section of Integrative Biology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
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Herrel A, Adriaens D, Verraes W, Aerts P. Bite performance in clariid fishes with hypertrophied jaw adductors as deduced by bite modeling. J Morphol 2002; 253:196-205. [PMID: 12112133 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.1121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Within clariid fishes several cranial morphologies can be discerned. Especially within anguilliform representatives an increase in the degree of hypertrophy of the jaw adductors occurs. The hypertrophy of the jaw adductors and skeletal modifications in the cranial elements have been linked to increased bite force. The functional significance of this supposed increase in bite force remains obscure. In this study, biomechanical modeling of the cranial apparatus in four clariid representatives showing a gradual increase in the hypertrophy of the jaw adductors (Clarias gariepinus, Clariallabes melas, Channallabes apus, and Gymnallabes typus) is used to investigate whether bite force actually increased. Static bite modeling shows that the apparent hypertrophy results in an increase in bite force. For a given head size, the largest bite forces are predicted for C. apus, the lowest ones for C. gariepinus, and intermediate values are calculated for the other species. In addition, also in absolute measures differences in bite force remain, with C. apus biting distinctly harder than C. gariepinus despite its smaller head size. This indicates that the hypertrophy of the jaw adductors is more than just a correlated response to the decrease in absolute head size. Further studies investigating the ecological relevance of this performance difference are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Herrel
- Department of Biology, University of Antwerp (UIA), Antwerp, Belgium.
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35
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36
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Aquino AE, Schaefer SA. The Temporal Region of the Cranium of Loricarioid Catfishes (Teleostei: Siluriformes): Morphological Diversity and Phylogenetic Significance. ZOOL ANZ 2002. [DOI: 10.1078/0044-5231-00071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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37
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Diogo R, Oliveira C, Chardon M. On the osteology and myology of catfish pectoral girdle, with a reflection on catfish (Teleostei: Siluriformes) plesiomorphies. J Morphol 2001; 249:100-25. [PMID: 11466739 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.1043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The configuration of the pectoral girdle bones and muscles of numerous catfishes was studied in detail and compared with that of other siluriforms, as well as of other teleosts, described in the literature. The pectoral girdle of catfishes is composed of only three bones, which probably correspond to the posttemporo-supracleithrum (posttemporal + supracleithrum), scapulo-coracoid (scapula + coracoid), and cleithrum of other teleosts. These latter two bones constitute the place of origin of the pectoral girdle muscles. Two of these muscles are related to the movements of the pectoral fin. These two muscles correspond, very likely, to the abductor superficialis and to the adductor superficialis of other teleostean fishes. In relation to the pectoral spine (thickened first pectoral fin ray), it is usually moved by three well-developed muscles, which are probably homologous with the arrector ventralis, arrector dorsalis, and abductor profundus of nonsiluriform teleosts. The morphological diversity and the plesiomorphic configuration of these muscles, as well as of the other catfish pectoral girdle structures, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Diogo
- Laboratory of Functional and Evolutionary Morphology, Institut de Chimie, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgique.
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38
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Adriaens D, Aerts P, Verraes W. Ontogenetic shift in mouth opening mechanisms in a catfish (Clariidae, Siluriformes): a response to increasing functional demands. J Morphol 2001; 247:197-216. [PMID: 11223928 DOI: 10.1002/1097-4687(200103)247:3<197::aid-jmor1012>3.0.co;2-s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
During ontogeny, larval fish have to deal with increasing nutritional and respiratory demands as they grow. As early ontogeny is characterized by an increasing complexity of moving structural elements composing a fish skull, some constraints will have to be met when developing mechanisms, which enable feeding and respiration, arise at a certain developmental stage. This article focuses on the presence/absence of a possible functional response in mouth opening during ontogeny in Clarias gariepinus. Some reflections are given, based on morphological data, as well as related function-analysis data from the literature. Starting shortly after hatching, a total of up to five different mouth opening mechanisms may become functional. Of these, three may remain functional in the adult. As could be expected, the apparatuses that enable these mechanisms show an increase in complexity, as well as a putative improvement in mouth opening capacity. Initially, two consecutive mechanisms may allow a restricted depression of the lower jaw (both passively and actively). Synchronously, two more mechanisms may arise, which involve the coupling of the hyoid depression to the mouth opening. At about 11 mm SL a fifth mechanism becomes established, better known as the opercular mouth opening mechanism. An overlapping chronology of functionality of the different mechanisms, as well as differences in efficiencies, could be an indication of the absence of a true critical period in C. gariepinus (at least in relation to mouth opening), as well as the possible presence of a shift in feeding type. Finally, the coupling of the chronology of the shift in mouth opening mechanisms and several morphological, behavioral, and physiological changes during ontogeny, related to feeding and respiration, make it possible to distinguish five important phases in the early life history of C. gariepinus.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Adriaens
- Ghent University, Vertebrate Morphology, Ghent, Belgium.
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Cabuy E, Adriaens D, Verraes W, Teugels GG. Comparative study on the cranial morphology of Gymnallabes typus (Siluriformes: Clariidae) and their less anguilliform relatives, Clariallabes melas and Clarias gariepinus. J Morphol 1999; 240:169-194. [PMID: 29847871 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-4687(199905)240:2<169::aid-jmor7>3.0.co;2-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We compare the cranial morphology of four fish species with an increasing anguilliformism in the following order: Clarias gariepinus, Clariallabes melas, Gymnallabes typus, and Channallabes apus. The main anatomical-morphological disparities are the stepwise reduction of the skull roof along with the relative enlargement of the external jaw muscles, which occurred in each of them. Gymnallabes typus and C. apus lack a bony protection to cover the jaw muscles. The neurocranial bones of C. gariepinus, however, form a closed, broad roof, whereas the width of the neurocranium in C. melas is intermediate. Several features of the clariid heads, such as the size of the mouth and the bands of small teeth, may be regarded as adaptations for manipulating large food particles, which are even more pronounced in anguilliform clariids. The jaw musculature of G. typus is hypertrophied and attached on a higher coronoid process of the lower jaw, causing a larger adductive force. The hyomandibula interdigitates more strongly with the neurocranium and its dentition with longer teeth is posteriorly extended, closer to the lower jaw articulation. The anguilliform clariids also have their cranial muscles modified to enable a wider gape. The adductor mandibulae and the levator operculi extend more posteriorly, and the anterior attachment site of the protractor hyoidei dorsalis shifts toward the sagittal plane of the head. A phylogenetic analysis of the Clariidae, which is in progress, could check the validity of Boulenger's hypothesis that predecessors of the primitive fishes, such as Heterobranchus and most Clarias, would have evolved into progressively anguilliform clariids. J. Morphol. 240:169-194, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Cabuy
- Institute of Zoology, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Walter Verraes
- Institute of Zoology, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Guy G Teugels
- Ichthyology Department, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium
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