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Hoffman JD, Greger V, Strovel ET, Blitzer MG, Umbarger MA, Kennedy C, Bishop B, Saunders P, Porreca GJ, Schienda J, Davie J, Hallam S, Towne C. Next-generation DNA sequencing of HEXA: a step in the right direction for carrier screening. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2013; 1:260-8. [PMID: 24498621 PMCID: PMC3865593 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Revised: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tay-Sachs disease (TSD) is the prototype for ethnic-based carrier screening, with a carrier rate of ∼1/27 in Ashkenazi Jews and French Canadians. HexA enzyme analysis is the current gold standard for TSD carrier screening (detection rate ∼98%), but has technical limitations. We compared DNA analysis by next-generation DNA sequencing (NGS) plus an assay for the 7.6 kb deletion to enzyme analysis for TSD carrier screening using 74 samples collected from participants at a TSD family conference. Fifty-one of 74 participants had positive enzyme results (46 carriers, five late-onset Tay-Sachs [LOTS]), 16 had negative, and seven had inconclusive results. NGS + 7.6 kb del screening of HEXA found a pathogenic mutation, pseudoallele, or variant of unknown significance (VUS) in 100% of the enzyme-positive or obligate carrier/enzyme-inconclusive samples. NGS detected the B1 allele in two enzyme-negative obligate carriers. Our data indicate that NGS can be used as a TSD clinical carrier screening tool. We demonstrate that NGS can be superior in detecting TSD carriers compared to traditional enzyme and genotyping methodologies, which are limited by false-positive and false-negative results and ethnically focused, limited mutation panels, respectively, but is not ready for sole use due to lack of information regarding some VUS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodi D Hoffman
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Floating Hospital for Children, Tufts Medical Center Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Erin T Strovel
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of MD School of Medicine Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Miriam G Blitzer
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of MD School of Medicine Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | | | - Brian Bishop
- Good Start Genetics Inc. Cambridge, Massachusetts
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Hussain A, Armistead J, Gushulak L, Kruck C, Pind S, Triggs-Raine B, Natowicz MR. The adult polyglucosan body disease mutation GBE1 c.1076A>C occurs at high frequency in persons of Ashkenazi Jewish background. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 426:286-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.08.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2012] [Accepted: 08/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Scott SA, Edelmann L, Liu L, Luo M, Desnick RJ, Kornreich R. Experience with carrier screening and prenatal diagnosis for 16 Ashkenazi Jewish genetic diseases. Hum Mutat 2010; 31:1240-50. [PMID: 20672374 DOI: 10.1002/humu.21327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The success of prenatal carrier screening as a disease prevention strategy in the Ashkenazi Jewish (AJ) population has driven the expansion of screening panels as disease-causing founder mutations have been identified. However, the carrier frequencies of many of these mutations have not been reported in large AJ cohorts. We determined the carrier frequencies of over 100 mutations for 16 recessive disorders in the New York metropolitan area AJ population. Among the 100% AJ-descended individuals, screening for 16 disorders resulted in ∼1 in 3.3 being a carrier for one disease and ∼1 in 24 for two diseases. The carrier frequencies ranged from 0.066 (1 in 15.2; Gaucher disease) to 0.006 (1 in 168; nemaline myopathy), which averaged ∼15% higher than those for all screenees. Importantly, over 95% of screenees chose to be screened for all possible AJ diseases, including disorders with lower carrier frequencies and/or detectability. Carrier screening also identified rare individuals homozygous for disease-causing mutations who had previously unrecognized clinical manifestations. Additionally, prenatal testing results and experience for all 16 disorders (n = 574) are reported. Together, these data indicate the general acceptance, carrier frequencies, and prenatal testing results for an expanded panel of 16 diseases in the AJ population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart A Scott
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Mount Sinai School of Medicine of New York University, New York, NY 10029, USA
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Brown JT, Lahey C, Laosinchai-Wolf W, Hadd AG. Polymorphisms in the glucocerebrosidase gene and pseudogene urge caution in clinical analysis of Gaucher disease allele c.1448T>C (L444P). BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2006; 7:69. [PMID: 16887033 PMCID: PMC1559599 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-7-69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2006] [Accepted: 08/03/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Gaucher disease is a potentially severe lysosomal storage disorder caused by mutations in the human glucocerebrosidase gene (GBA). We have developed a multiplexed genetic assay for eight diseases prevalent in the Ashkenazi population: Tay-Sachs, Gaucher type I, Niemann-Pick types A and B, mucolipidosis type IV, familial dysautonomia, Canavan, Bloom syndrome, and Fanconi anemia type C. This assay includes an allelic determination for GBA allele c.1448T>C (L444P). The goal of this study was to clinically evaluate this assay. Methods Biotinylated, multiplex PCR products were directly hybridized to capture probes immobilized on fluorescently addressed microspheres. After incubation with streptavidin-conjugated fluorophore, the reactions were analyzed by Luminex IS100. Clinical evaluations were conducted using de-identified patient DNA samples. Results We evaluated a multiplexed suspension array assay that includes wild-type and mutant genetic determinations for Gaucher disease allele c.1448T>C. Two percent of samples reported to be wild-type by conventional methods were observed to be c.1448T>C heterozygous using our assay. Sequence analysis suggested that this phenomenon was due to co-amplification of the functional gene and a paralogous pseudogene (ΨGBA) due to a polymorphism in the primer-binding site of the latter. Primers for the amplification of this allele were then repositioned to span an upstream deletion in the pseudogene, yielding a much longer amplicon. Although it is widely reported that long amplicons negatively impact amplification or detection efficiency in recently adopted multiplex techniques, this assay design functioned properly and resolved the occurrence of false heterozygosity. Conclusion Although previously available sequence information suggested GBA gene/pseudogene discrimination capabilities with a short amplified product, we identified common single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the pseudogene that required amplification of a larger region for effective discrimination.
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Strom CM, Crossley B, Redman JB, Quan F, Buller A, McGinniss MJ, Sun W. Molecular screening for diseases frequent in Ashkenazi Jews: lessons learned from more than 100,000 tests performed in a commercial laboratory. Genet Med 2005; 6:145-52. [PMID: 15354333 DOI: 10.1097/01.gim.0000127267.57526.d1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the frequency of carriers of Ashkenazi Jewish (AJ) genetic diseases in the US population and compare these numbers with previously published frequencies reported in smaller more isolated cohorts. METHODS A database containing more than 100,000 genotyping assays was queried. Assays for 10 separate AJ genetic diseases where comparisons were made with published data. RESULTS As expected, we observed lower carrier frequencies in a general, US population than those reported in literature. In 2427 patients tested for a panel of 8 AJ diseases, 20 (1:121) were carriers of two diseases and 331 (1:7) were carriers of a single disease. Fifty-three of 7184 (1:306) individuals tested for Gaucher disease had 2 Gaucher Disease mutations indicating a potentially affected phenotype. CONCLUSIONS As the number of AJ diseases increases, progressively more individuals will be identified as carriers of at least one disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles M Strom
- Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute, 33608 Ortega Highway, San Juan Capistrano, CA 92690, USA
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6
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Alper OM, Wong LJC, Hostetter G, Cook J, Tenenholz B, Hsu E, Woo MS. 1154insTC is not a rare CFTR mutation. Am J Med Genet A 2003; 120A:294-5. [PMID: 12833419 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.20038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Abstract
This article focuses on essential components related to prenatal screening for cystic fibrosis, including the clinical disease, inheritance, prognosis and treatment, birth prevalence, and ethnic variability. The molecular basis of this disease is presented, including a discussion of the gene, mutations, and genotype/phenotype correlations. The models that have been used for delivering prenatal screening services in pilot trials are described, along with lessons learned, expected screening performance, and relevant ELSI considerations. A realistic view of laboratory issues is considered, including current standards of performance, guidelines and oversight, and quality assurance. Examples of current laboratory technologies for cystic fibrosis testing are displayed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn S Richards
- Diagnostic Sequencing Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030-6182, USA.
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Richards CS, Bradley LA, Amos J, Allitto B, Grody WW, Maddalena A, McGinnis MJ, Prior TW, Popovich BW, Watson MS, Palomaki GE. Standards and guidelines for CFTR mutation testing. Genet Med 2002; 4:379-91. [PMID: 12394352 DOI: 10.1097/00125817-200209000-00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
One mission of the ACMG Laboratory Quality Assurance (QA) Committee is to develop standards and guidelines for clinical genetics laboratories, including cytogenetics, biochemical, and molecular genetics specialties. This document was developed under the auspices of the Molecular Subcommittee of the Laboratory QA Committee by the Cystic Fibrosis (CF) Working Group. It was placed on the "fast track" to address the preanalytical, analytical, and postanalytical quality assurance practices of laboratories currently providing testing for CF. Due to the anticipated impact of the ACMG recommendation statement endorsing carrier testing of reproductive couples, it was viewed that CF testing would increase in volume and that the number of laboratories offering CF testing would also likely increase. Therefore, this document was drafted with the premise of providing useful information gained by experienced laboratory directors who have provided such testing for many years. In many instances, "tips" are given. However, these guidelines are not to be interpreted as restrictive or the only approach but to provide a helpful guide. Certainly, appropriately trained and credentialed laboratory directors have flexibility to utilize various testing platforms and design testing strategies with considerable latitude. We felt that it was essential to include technique-specific guidelines of several current technologies commonly used in laboratories providing CF testing, since three of the four technologies discussed are available commercially and are widely utilized. We take the view that these technologies will change, and thus this document will change with future review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn Sue Richards
- Molecular Subcommittee of the Laboratory Quality Assurance Committee, American College of Medical Genetics, 9650 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20914-3998, USA
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9
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Sinclair G, Choy FY, Ferreira P. Heterologous expression and characterization of a rare Gaucher disease mutation (c.481C > T) from a Canadian aboriginal population using archival tissue samples. Mol Genet Metab 2001; 74:345-52. [PMID: 11708865 DOI: 10.1006/mgme.2001.3215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Gaucher disease is an inherited sphingolipidosis resulting from deleterious mutations in the glucocerebrosidase gene. Through direct sequence analysis of genomic DNA from whole blood, fibroblast cultures, and formalin-fixed archival tissue samples, we have identified a rare homozygous C > T transition at cDNA nucleotide 481 of the glucocerebrosidase gene that results in a proline to serine amino acid substitution (p.P122S) in an aboriginal family of Cree descent in northern Alberta, Canada. A 13-month-old boy (JB) presented with severe visceral Gaucher disease and was treated with enzyme replacement. Currently, at 11 years he is developmentally delayed, with oculomotor apraxia. A cousin (MS) had previously died at age 7 from complications of severe Gaucher disease, before enzyme replacement therapy was available. She was also developmentally delayed. Heterologous expression of this allele using a baculovirus expression system revealed 19.2% of normal enzyme activity on the artificial substrate 4-methylumbelliferyl beta-d-glucopyranoside (4MUGP). Genotype/phenotype correlation is complicated by incomplete clinical details, enzyme replacement therapy, and the difficulty in excluding other genetic and environmental causes of developmental delay. However the development of oculomotor apraxia in JB suggests a Type 3 Gaucher phenotype. The only previous report of this mutation was also from a member of the Cree Nation, who has had a rather similar clinical course. A protocol is described for the isolation of genomic DNA from formalin-fixed bone marrow aspirate archival specimens obtained from the deceased for subsequent PCR-based sequence analysis and mutation detection. This technique will be applicable to the screening of this and other populations for the frequency of known Gaucher mutations where traditional DNA sources are unavailable.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Sinclair
- Department of Biology, Centre for Environmental Health, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
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10
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Wong LJ, Wang J, Zhang YH, Hsu E, Heim RA, Bowman CM, Woo MS. Improved detection of CFTR mutations in Southern California Hispanic CF patients. Hum Mutat 2001; 18:296-307. [PMID: 11668613 DOI: 10.1002/humu.1191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene cause cystic fibrosis (CF), a common autosomal recessive disease in Caucasians. The broad mutation spectrum varies among different patient groups. Current molecular diagnoses are designed to detect 80-97% of CF chromosomes in Caucasians and Ashkenazi Jews but have a much lower detection rate in Hispanic CF patients. Grebe et al. [1994] reported a 58% detection rate in Hispanic patients. Since then, there has been no large-scale, complete mutational analysis of Hispanic CF patients. In this study, the mutations in 62 Hispanic patients from southern California were investigated. The entire coding and flanking intronic regions of the CFTR gene were analyzed by temporal temperature gradient gel electrophoresis (TTGE) followed by sequencing to identify the mutations. Eleven novel mutations were discovered in this patient group: 3876delA, 406-1G>A, 935delA, 663delT, 3271delGG, 2105-2117del13insAGAAA, 3199del6, Q179K, 2108delA, 3171delC, and 3500-2A>T. Among the mutations, seven were out-of-frame insertions and deletions that result in truncated proteins, two were splice-site mutations, one was an in-frame 6 bp deletion, and one was a missense mutation that involved the non-conservative change of glutamine-179 to lysine. All patients presented severe classical clinical course with pancreatic insufficiency and poor growth, consistent with the nature of truncation mutation. The results indicate that TTGE screening following the analysis of recurrent mutations will substantially improve the mutation detection rate for Hispanic CF patients from southern California.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J Wong
- Institute for Molecular and Human Genetics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.
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Zinberg RE, Kornreich R, Edelmann L, Desnick RJ. Prenatal genetic screening in the Ashkenazi Jewish population. Clin Perinatol 2001; 28:367-82. [PMID: 11499058 DOI: 10.1016/s0095-5108(05)70089-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The Ashkenazi Jewish community is a unique and ideal population in which to provide multiple disease screening because detection rates are high (> 95%) by testing a limited number of mutations. The residual risk that remains is very low. In addition, the lessons learned from carrier screening in this community indicate that only through genetic counseling and education can screening in the general population gain wide acceptance and provide maximum benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- R E Zinberg
- Department of Human Genetics and Center for Jewish Genetic Diseases, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York University, New York, New York, USA
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12
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Grody WW, Cutting GR, Klinger KW, Richards CS, Watson MS, Desnick RJ. Laboratory standards and guidelines for population-based cystic fibrosis carrier screening. Genet Med 2001; 3:149-54. [PMID: 11280952 DOI: 10.1097/00125817-200103000-00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 307] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- W W Grody
- Divisions of Medical Genetics and Molecular Pathology, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
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13
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Wong LJ, Wang J, Woo M, Hsu E, Bowman CM. A novel mutation detected by temporal temperature gradient gel electrophoresis led to the confirmative prenatal diagnosis of a Hispanic CF family. Prenat Diagn 2000; 20:807-10. [PMID: 11038458 DOI: 10.1002/1097-0223(200010)20:10<807::aid-pd929>3.0.co;2-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Mutational analysis of 30 recurrent known mutations detects only about 58% of Hispanic cystic fibrosis (CF) chromosomes. The low mutation detection rate has greatly hindered prenatal diagnosis and carrier testing of Hispanic families who have multiple affected children with unidentified cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) mutations. We recently employed a temporal temperature gradient gel electrophoresis (TTGE) method to effectively scan unknown mutations in the entire CFTR gene. A novel mutation, 2105-2117 del13insAGAAA was identified in a Hispanic family heterozygous for delta F508. The discovery of the devastating mutation facilitated the prenatal diagnosis for this family who already had two severely affected children. The fetus was found to be a compound heterozygote of delta F508/2105-2117 del13insAGAAA. This case emphasizes the importance of whole gene mutational analysis in patients with a clinical diagnosis of CF, but without the identifiable DNA mutations by routine mutation analysis. Finding of CF mutations in the patient would allow proper genetic counselling and prenatal and carrier detection of at-risk family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J Wong
- Institute for Molecular and Human Genetics, Georgetown University Medical Center, M4000, 3800 Reservoir Rd, NW, Washington, DC 20007, USA.
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Roa BB, Savino CV, Richards CS. Ashkenazi Jewish population frequency of the Bloom syndrome gene 2281 delta 6ins7 mutation. GENETIC TESTING 1999; 3:219-21. [PMID: 10464671 DOI: 10.1089/gte.1999.3.219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Bloom syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized clinically by small size, sun-sensitive facial erythema, and immunodeficiency, and cytogenetically by increased chromosome breakage and sister chromatid exchange. Genomic instability renders Bloom syndrome patients at elevated risk for multiple cancers. Bloom syndrome occurs most commonly in the Ashkenazi Jewish population due to an apparent founder effect. The BLM gene on chromosome 15q26.1 was identified to encode a RecQ DNA helicase. Multiple mutations were identified, with Ashkenazi Jewish Bloom syndrome patients almost exclusively homozygous for a complex frameshift mutation (6-bp deletion/7-bp insertion at BLM nucleotide 2,281). This molecular genetic study seeks to verify the Ashkenazi Jewish carrier frequency of the BLM 2281 delta 6ins7 allele using semiautomated allele-specific oligonucleotide (ASO) analysis. Anonymized DNA samples from 1,016 Ashkenazi Jewish individuals and 307 non-Jewish individuals were screened. Ten Ashkenazi heterozygote carriers for the 2281 delta 6ins7 mutation were identified, giving a carrier frequency estimate of 0.98%, or approximately 1 carrier out of 102 individuals in the Ashkenazi Jewish population. These results are consistent with previous estimates, and combining our findings with the published molecular data collectively yields an Ashkenazi Jewish carrier frequency of approximately 1 in 104. Given its high population frequency and detection rate among Ashkenazi Jewish patients, the blmAsh mutation constitutes an appropriate addition to screening panels for Ashkenazi Jewish disease testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- B B Roa
- Baylor DNA Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Kaplan F. Tay-Sachs disease carrier screening: a model for prevention of genetic disease. GENETIC TESTING 1999; 2:271-92. [PMID: 10464605 DOI: 10.1089/gte.1998.2.271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Tay-Sachs disease (TSD) is an autosomal-recessive, progressive, and ultimately fatal neurodegenerative disorder. Within the last 30 years, the discovery of the enzymatic basis of the disease, namely deficiency of the enzyme hexosaminidase A, made possible both enzymatic diagnosis of TSD and heterozygote identification. In the last decade, the cloning of the HEXA gene and the identification of more than 80 associated TSD-causing mutations has permitted molecular diagnosis in many instances. TSD was the first genetic condition for which community-based screening for carrier detection was implemented. As such, the TSD experience can be viewed as a prototypic effort for public education, carrier testing, and reproductive counseling for avoiding fatal childhood disease. More importantly, the outcome of TSD screening over the last 28 years offers convincing evidence that such an effort can dramatically reduce incidence of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Kaplan
- McGill University-Montreal Children's Hospital Research Institute, Quebec, Canada.
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16
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Pocovi M, Cenarro A, Civeira F, Torralba MA, Perez-Calvo JI, Mozas P, Giraldo P, Giralt M, Myers RH, Cupples LA, Ordovas JM. Beta-glucocerebrosidase gene locus as a link for Gaucher's disease and familial hypo-alpha-lipoproteinaemia. Lancet 1998; 351:1919-23. [PMID: 9654259 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(97)09490-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gaucher's disease is the most common lysosomal storage disorder, caused by deficiency of glucocerebrosidase resulting from homozygosity for any of several mutations of the glucocerebrosidase gene locus. Affected people have decreased concentrations of LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) and HDL cholesterol (HDL-C). We assessed the association between mutations in the glucocerebrosidase locus and hypo-alpha-lipoproteinaemia. METHODS We studied 258 people from 43 unrelated Spanish families. 57 participants were affected, 137 were non-affected carriers, and 64 were non-carriers. We determined glucocerebrosidase genotypes and measured plasmid lipids, apolipoproteins A-I, B, and E, and leucocyte glucocerebrosidase activity. FINDINGS The most common glucocerebrosidase mutations were N370S (45%), L444P (23%), and G377S (5%). Deletions and recombinants accounted for another 5%, and point mutations in exons 5, 6, 9, and 10 were present in 12%. Affected participants had lower LDL-C and HDL-C concentrations than non-affected carriers (p<0.001) and non-carriers (p<0.001). HDL-C values were also significantly different between the non-affected carriers and non-carriers. Mutations at this locus may account for as much as 19.5% of the genetic variability in HDL-C in the population studied. INTERPRETATION Heterozygosity for these mutations at the glucocerebrosidase locus does not result in clinical expression of Gaucher's disease but can decrease HDL-C concentrations. Given the high frequency of these mutations, the glucocerebrosidase locus might lead to familial low alpha-lipoproteinaemia in up to 2% of the general population and be one of the most common known genetic causes of HDL-C.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pocovi
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Spain
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Alford RL, DeMarchi JM, Richards CS. Frequency of a DNA polymorphism at position Y231 in the aspartoacylase gene and its impact on DNA-based carrier testing for Canavan disease in the Ashkenazi Jewish Population. Hum Mutat 1998; Suppl 1:S161-2. [PMID: 9452075 DOI: 10.1002/humu.1380110154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R L Alford
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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Roa BB, Boyd AA, Volcik K, Richards CS. Ashkenazi Jewish population frequencies for common mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2. Nat Genet 1996; 14:185-7. [PMID: 8841191 DOI: 10.1038/ng1096-185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 515] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BRCA1 and BRCA2 are the two major identified causes of inherited breast cancer, with mutations in either gene conferring up to 80-90% lifetime risk of breast cancer in carrier females. Mutations in BRCA1 account for approximately 45% of familial breast cancer and 90% of inherited breast/ovarian cancer, whereas mutations in BRCA2 account for a comparable percentage of inherited breast cancer cases. Over 85 distinct BRCA1 mutations and a growing list of BRCA2 mutations have been identified, with the majority resulting in protein truncation. A specific BRCA1 mutation, 185delAG, has a reported increased carrier frequency of approximately 0.9% in the Ashkenazi Jewish population, but is also found in rare non-Jewish patients with a different haplotype. The 6174delT mutation in BRCA2 was recently identified as a frequent mutation in 8 out of 107 Ashkenazi Jewish women diagnosed with breast cancer by age 50 (ref. 8), as well as in three Ashkenazi male breast cancer patients. We have conducted a large-scale population study to investigate the prevalence of specific BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations in Ashkenazi Jewish individuals who were unselected for breast cancer. BRCA1 mutation screening on approximately 3,000 Ashkenazi Jewish samples determined a carrier frequency of 1.09% for the 185delAG mutation and 0.13% for the 5382insC mutation. BRCA2 analysis on 3,085 individuals from the same population showed a carrier frequency of 1.52% for the 6174delT mutation. This expanded population-based study confirms that the BRCA1 185delAG mutation and the BRCA2 6174delT mutation constitute the two most frequent mutation alleles predisposing to hereditary breast cancer among the Ashkenazim, and suggests a relatively lower penetrance for the 6174delT mutation in BRCA2.
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Affiliation(s)
- B B Roa
- Baylor DNA Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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