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Wang Y, Zhang Z, Wang L, Wang H, Dong F. Rare NUP98::PRRX1 fusion transcript in a therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia associated with del(7q) following chemotherapy for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Cancer Genet 2024; 284-285:12-15. [PMID: 38493578 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2024.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia (t-AML) is increasingly recognized as a treatment complication in patients receiving chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or immunosuppressive agents for primary neoplasms. NUP98::PRRX1 fusion gene, caused by t(1;11)(q23;p15), is a rare recurrent cytogenetic alteration in leukemia, and only seven cases with NUP98::PRRX1 were reported so far. METHODS A 53-year-old female patient was diagnosed with t-AML after 20 months of complete remission (CR) from diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Conventional karyotype, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and DNA/RNA next-generation sequence (NGS) were used to detect genetic abnormalities. RESULTS Abnormal karyotype of 46, XX, t(1;11)(q25;p15), del(7)(q22) was revealed. NUP98 gene rearrangement and del(7)(q22) were verified by FISH. Further, RNA NGS detected NUP98::PRRX1 fusion transcript, and DNA NGS detected KRAS gene mutation. The patient achieved CR after a combined chemotherapy regimen containing BCL-2 inhibitor and underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT), but she died of leukemia recurrence 14 months later. CONCLUSIONS Novel targeted drugs may provide opportunities for patients with NUP98::PRRX1 to undergo allo-HSCT. However, since the cases of carrying the NUP98::PRRX1 are limited, more patients with this genetic change need to be investigated to elucidate the prognostic significance.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Female
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/genetics
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/drug therapy
- Middle Aged
- Nuclear Pore Complex Proteins/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Homeodomain Proteins/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Chromosome Deletion
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/adverse effects
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfang Wang
- Department of Hematology, Lymphoma Research Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenhao Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Lymphoma Research Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lingli Wang
- Department of Hematology, Lymphoma Research Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Hematology, Lymphoma Research Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Dong
- Department of Hematology, Lymphoma Research Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.
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2
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Michmerhuizen NL, Klco JM, Mullighan CG. Mechanistic insights and potential therapeutic approaches for NUP98-rearranged hematologic malignancies. Blood 2020; 136:2275-2289. [PMID: 32766874 PMCID: PMC7702474 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020007093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleoporin 98 (NUP98) fusion oncoproteins are observed in a spectrum of hematologic malignancies, particularly pediatric leukemias with poor patient outcomes. Although wild-type full-length NUP98 is a member of the nuclear pore complex, the chromosomal translocations leading to NUP98 gene fusions involve the intrinsically disordered and N-terminal region of NUP98 with over 30 partner genes. Fusion partners include several genes bearing homeodomains or having known roles in transcriptional or epigenetic regulation. Based on data in both experimental models and patient samples, NUP98 fusion oncoprotein-driven leukemogenesis is mediated by changes in chromatin structure and gene expression. Multiple cofactors associate with NUP98 fusion oncoproteins to mediate transcriptional changes possibly via phase separation, in a manner likely dependent on the fusion partner. NUP98 gene fusions co-occur with a set of additional mutations, including FLT3-internal tandem duplication and other events contributing to increased proliferation. To improve the currently dire outcomes for patients with NUP98-rearranged malignancies, therapeutic strategies have been considered that target transcriptional and epigenetic machinery, cooperating alterations, and signaling or cell-cycle pathways. With the development of more faithful experimental systems and continued study, we anticipate great strides in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms and therapeutic vulnerabilities at play in NUP98-rearranged models. Taken together, these studies should lead to improved clinical outcomes for NUP98-rearranged leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeffery M Klco
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
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3
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Tiruneh T, Enawgaw B, Shiferaw E. Genetic Pathway in the Pathogenesis of Therapy-Related Myeloid Neoplasms: A Literature Review. Oncol Ther 2020; 8:45-57. [PMID: 32700075 PMCID: PMC7360004 DOI: 10.1007/s40487-020-00111-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapy-related myeloid neoplasms are a life-threatening and often fatal complication, associated with poor prognosis outcomes and with high-risk unfavorable cytogenetic abnormalities including complex karyotype. They occur after the treatment of primary malignancies using chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy. Such therapy is not specific to cancer cells, and also damages the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) of normal cells, resulting in unbalanced and balanced translocations. There are eight genetic pathways, whose details are summarized in this review, depending on the cytogenetic abnormalities induced. This abnormality is the major contributor to the development of therapy-related myeloid neoplasms. The etiology of these neoplasms depends on the complex interaction between the nature and dose of the cytotoxic agent, the environment, and the presence of subsequent inherited mutations. This review aims to elaborate upon recent knowledge regarding the etiology, pathogenesis, and genetic pathways of therapy-related myeloid neoplasms. A deeper understanding of their etiology would aid physicians in more careful monitoring of patients during or after cytotoxic therapy for hematological malignancy. Ultimately, this knowledge could influence initial treatment strategies, with the aim of reducing both the incidence and serious complications of neoplasms. Therefore, early detection of DNA lesions is vital. The authors recommend that primary malignancy be treated with targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tegenaw Tiruneh
- Department Hematology and Immunohematology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia. .,School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
| | - Bamlaku Enawgaw
- School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Elias Shiferaw
- School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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4
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Alkhayat N, Elyamany G, Elborai Y, Sedick Q, Alshahrani M, Al Sharif O, Alenezy A, Hammdan A, Elghezal H, Alsuhaibani O, Aljabry MS, AlMoshary M, Al Mussaed E. Rare cytogenetic abnormalities and their clinical relevance in pediatric acute leukemia of Saudi Arabian population. Mol Cytogenet 2019; 12:42. [PMID: 31632455 PMCID: PMC6788108 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-019-0454-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Childhood Acute Leukemia (AL) is characterized by recurrent genetic aberrations in 60% of AML cases and 90% of ALL cases. Insufficient data exists of rare cytogenetic abnormalities in AL. Therefore, we tested rare cytogenetic abnormalities occurring in childhood AL and its effect on clinical prognosis in patients diagnosed at our institution from 2010 to 2017. Results Among 150 cases of AL, we detected 9 cases with rare chromosomal abnormalities. We found two hypodiploid (2n-) cases: 2n-,t (5;14)(q31;q32) and t (3;11;19)(q21;q23;q13.1) in ALL patients. AML patients showed t (7;14)(q22;q32), t (11;17)(p15;q21), t (11;20) (p15;q11), t (12;17)(q15;q23) and t (11;20)(p15;q11). Both t (1;15)(q10;q10) and t (17;19)(q21;p13.3) occurred in a case with biphenotypic AL. Complete remission (CR) status was attained in 3 patients and 6 patients never attained CR or relapsed/demised. Conclusion The study highlighted that rare cytogenetic abnormalities are associated with a poor prognosis. This finding is not well reported in the literature suggesting that ongoing cytogenetic studies for rare abnormalities associated with pediatric leukaemia are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawaf Alkhayat
- 1Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghaleb Elyamany
- 2Department of Central Military Laboratory and Blood Bank, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasser Elborai
- 1Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,3Department of Pediatric Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Qanita Sedick
- 2Department of Central Military Laboratory and Blood Bank, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Alshahrani
- 1Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar Al Sharif
- 1Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulmalik Alenezy
- 2Department of Central Military Laboratory and Blood Bank, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amjad Hammdan
- 2Department of Central Military Laboratory and Blood Bank, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hatem Elghezal
- 2Department of Central Military Laboratory and Blood Bank, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar Alsuhaibani
- 2Department of Central Military Laboratory and Blood Bank, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mansour S Aljabry
- Department of Pathology, Hematology unit, King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - May AlMoshary
- 5Basic Science Department, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman Al Mussaed
- 5Basic Science Department, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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5
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Inoue Y, Nakamura T, Nakanishi H, Oishi M, Hongo F, Okihara K, Mizutani S, Kuroda J, Ukimura O. Therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome among refractory germ cell tumor patients. Int J Urol 2018; 25:678-683. [PMID: 29752743 DOI: 10.1111/iju.13597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To analyze cases of therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome diagnosed after chemotherapy for refractory testicular and extragonadal germ cell tumor in our experience. METHODS A total of 171 consecutive patients who were diagnosed and treated as refractory germ cell tumor and had records of detailed chemotherapy doses between April 1998 and December 2015 were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS Four testicular tumor patients (4/171, 2.3%) developed therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome. Three of them were affected after complete remission of the primary testicular tumor. A median time interval from a start of chemotherapy to a secondary tumor development was 6.8 years (range 3.7-11.5 years). The median total dose of etoposide, ifosfamide, cisplatin and nedaplatin were 3640 mg/m2 (range 2906-4000 mg/m2 ), 42.7 g (range 19.5-54.0 g), 1100 mg/m2 (range 600-1500 mg/m2 ) and 500 mg/m2 (range 300-1600 mg/m2 ), respectively. Etoposide had the only significant relationship between a cumulative dose and leukemogenesis in univariate analysis (P < 0.05). One patient had complete remission, but the other three patients died. CONCLUSIONS The present findings show that refractory germ cell tumor patients have an increased risk of therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome. A cumulative dose of etoposide is a significant risk of leukemogenesis. As therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome has a poor prognosis, close follow up is required for refractory germ cell tumor patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Inoue
- Department of Urology, Kyoto Prefecture University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | | | - Masakatsu Oishi
- Department of Urology, Kyoto Prefecture University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Fumiya Hongo
- Department of Urology, Kyoto Prefecture University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Koji Okihara
- Department of Urology, Kyoto Prefecture University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Mizutani
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Kyoto Prefecture University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Junya Kuroda
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Kyoto Prefecture University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Osamu Ukimura
- Department of Urology, Kyoto Prefecture University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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6
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Imamura T, Taga T, Takagi M, Kawasaki H, Koh K, Taki T, Adachi S, Manabe A, Ishida Y. Nationwide survey of therapy-related leukemia in childhood in Japan. Int J Hematol 2018; 108:91-97. [PMID: 29574603 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-018-2439-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Therapy-related leukemia (t-leukemia) is associated with dismal prognosis. Published pediatric t-leukemia data are somewhat outdated and may not reflect recent advances in treatment. We report a retrospective nationwide survey of patients diagnosed between 2000 and 2013 in Japan. We identified 43 patients with pediatric t-leukemia; 33 had t-acute myeloid leukemia (t-AML), eight had t-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (t-ALL) and two had t-acute undifferentiated leukemia. Median age at onset and latency were 12 years and 3.8 years, respectively, consistent with previous reports. Of t-AML patients, 63.6% harbored topoisomerase II inhibitor (topo II)-related genetic abnormalities, while only 12.5% of t-ALL patients had such alterations, suggesting that topo II is not key to t-ALL leukemogenesis. The 7-year overall survival (OS) for all 43 patients was 39.2 ± 11.6%. The 5-year OS was 50 ± 20.4% in t-ALL, and 55.2 ± 11.0% in t-AML. Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) was associated with superior 5-year OS (HCT(+) vs. HCT(-), 78.8 vs. 12.1%; p < 0.001), and 26 of 32 patients received allo-HCT in complete remission (CR). Only allo-HCT was associated with superior OS on multivariate analysis (HR 0.003, 95% CI 0.0001-0.098; p < 0.001). These findings suggest that allo-HCT in CR improves pediatric t-leukemia outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiko Imamura
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan.
| | - Takashi Taga
- Department of Pediatrics, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Takagi
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirohide Kawasaki
- Department of Pediatrics, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Katsuyoshi Koh
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Taki
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Souichi Adachi
- Department of Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Atsushi Manabe
- Department of Pediatrics, St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasushi Ishida
- Department of Pediatrics, Ehime Prefectural Central Hospital, Ehime, Japan
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7
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Chung YJ, Fry TJ, Aplan PD. Myeloablative hematopoietic stem cell transplantation improves survival but is not curative in a pre-clinical model of myelodysplastic syndrome. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185219. [PMID: 28953912 PMCID: PMC5617185 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (A-HSCT) remains the only curative option for patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). We used the NUP98-HOXD13 (NHD13) murine model for MDS to study HSCT in a pre-clinical setting. NHD13 recipients transplanted with syngeneic bone marrow (S-HSCT) following myeloablative irradiation showed disease remission, with normalization of peripheral blood parameters and marked decrease in circulating leukocytes derived from the MDS clone. Despite the disease remission and improved survival compared to non-transplanted NHD13 controls, all mice eventually relapsed, indicating persistence of a long-lived radio-resistant MDS clone. In an effort to induce a graft versus leukemia (GVL) effect, A-HSCT with donor bone marrow that was mismatched at minor histocompatibility loci was compared to S-HSCT. Although recipients in the A-HSCT showed a lower early relapse rate than in S-HSCT, all mice in both groups eventually relapsed and died by 54 weeks post-transplant. To obtain a more significant GVL effect, donor splenocytes containing reactive T-cells were transplanted with allogeneic bone marrow. Although the relapse rate was only 20% at post-transplantation week 38, suggesting a GVL effect, this was accompanied by a severe graft versus host disease (GVHD) Taken together, these findings indicate that a myeloablative dose of ionizing radiation is insufficient to eradicate the MDS initiating cell, and that transplantation of donor splenocytes leads to decreased relapse rates, at the cost of severe GVHD. We suggest that NHD13 mice represent a feasible pre-clinical model for the study of HSCT for MDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Jo Chung
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Terry J. Fry
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Peter D. Aplan
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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8
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Cai W, Xiong Chen Z, Rane G, Satendra Singh S, Choo Z, Wang C, Yuan Y, Zea Tan T, Arfuso F, Yap CT, Pongor LS, Yang H, Lee MB, Cher Goh B, Sethi G, Benoukraf T, Tergaonkar V, Prem Kumar A. Wanted DEAD/H or Alive: Helicases Winding Up in Cancers. J Natl Cancer Inst 2017; 109:2957323. [PMID: 28122908 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djw278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most studied areas of human biology over the past century. Despite having attracted much attention, hype, and investments, the search to find a cure for cancer remains an uphill battle. Recent discoveries that challenged the central dogma of molecular biology not only further increase the complexity but also demonstrate how various types of noncoding RNAs such as microRNA and long noncoding RNA, as well as their related processes such as RNA editing, are important in regulating gene expression. Parallel to this aspect, an increasing number of reports have focused on a family of proteins known as DEAD/H-box helicases involved in RNA metabolism, regulation of long and short noncoding RNAs, and novel roles as "editing helicases" and their association with cancers. This review summarizes recent findings on the roles of RNA helicases in various cancers, which are broadly classified into adult solid tumors, childhood solid tumors, leukemia, and cancer stem cells. The potential small molecule inhibitors of helicases and their therapeutic value are also discussed. In addition, analyzing next-generation sequencing data obtained from public portals and reviewing existing literature, we provide new insights on the potential of DEAD/H-box helicases to act as pharmacological drug targets in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanpei Cai
- Affiliations of authors: Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore (WC, GR, SSS, CW, YY, TZT, HY, BCG, TB, APK); Departments of Pharmacology (WC, GR, SSS, CW, BCG, GS, APK), Physiology (ZXC, ZC, CTY), and Biochemistry (VT), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore (ZXC); Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory (FA), School of Biomedical Sciences (GS, APK), Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin Medical School (APK), Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia; National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore (CTY, BCG, APK); 2 Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (LSP); MTA TTK Lendület Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary (LSP); Department of Renal Medicine (MBL) and Department of Haematology-Oncology (BCG), National University Health System, Singapore; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore (VT); Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia (VT); Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX (APK)
| | - Zhi Xiong Chen
- Affiliations of authors: Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore (WC, GR, SSS, CW, YY, TZT, HY, BCG, TB, APK); Departments of Pharmacology (WC, GR, SSS, CW, BCG, GS, APK), Physiology (ZXC, ZC, CTY), and Biochemistry (VT), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore (ZXC); Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory (FA), School of Biomedical Sciences (GS, APK), Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin Medical School (APK), Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia; National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore (CTY, BCG, APK); 2 Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (LSP); MTA TTK Lendület Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary (LSP); Department of Renal Medicine (MBL) and Department of Haematology-Oncology (BCG), National University Health System, Singapore; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore (VT); Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia (VT); Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX (APK)
| | - Grishma Rane
- Affiliations of authors: Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore (WC, GR, SSS, CW, YY, TZT, HY, BCG, TB, APK); Departments of Pharmacology (WC, GR, SSS, CW, BCG, GS, APK), Physiology (ZXC, ZC, CTY), and Biochemistry (VT), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore (ZXC); Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory (FA), School of Biomedical Sciences (GS, APK), Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin Medical School (APK), Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia; National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore (CTY, BCG, APK); 2 Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (LSP); MTA TTK Lendület Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary (LSP); Department of Renal Medicine (MBL) and Department of Haematology-Oncology (BCG), National University Health System, Singapore; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore (VT); Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia (VT); Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX (APK)
| | - Shikha Satendra Singh
- Affiliations of authors: Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore (WC, GR, SSS, CW, YY, TZT, HY, BCG, TB, APK); Departments of Pharmacology (WC, GR, SSS, CW, BCG, GS, APK), Physiology (ZXC, ZC, CTY), and Biochemistry (VT), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore (ZXC); Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory (FA), School of Biomedical Sciences (GS, APK), Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin Medical School (APK), Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia; National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore (CTY, BCG, APK); 2 Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (LSP); MTA TTK Lendület Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary (LSP); Department of Renal Medicine (MBL) and Department of Haematology-Oncology (BCG), National University Health System, Singapore; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore (VT); Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia (VT); Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX (APK)
| | - Zhang'e Choo
- Affiliations of authors: Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore (WC, GR, SSS, CW, YY, TZT, HY, BCG, TB, APK); Departments of Pharmacology (WC, GR, SSS, CW, BCG, GS, APK), Physiology (ZXC, ZC, CTY), and Biochemistry (VT), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore (ZXC); Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory (FA), School of Biomedical Sciences (GS, APK), Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin Medical School (APK), Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia; National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore (CTY, BCG, APK); 2 Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (LSP); MTA TTK Lendület Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary (LSP); Department of Renal Medicine (MBL) and Department of Haematology-Oncology (BCG), National University Health System, Singapore; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore (VT); Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia (VT); Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX (APK)
| | - Chao Wang
- Affiliations of authors: Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore (WC, GR, SSS, CW, YY, TZT, HY, BCG, TB, APK); Departments of Pharmacology (WC, GR, SSS, CW, BCG, GS, APK), Physiology (ZXC, ZC, CTY), and Biochemistry (VT), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore (ZXC); Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory (FA), School of Biomedical Sciences (GS, APK), Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin Medical School (APK), Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia; National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore (CTY, BCG, APK); 2 Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (LSP); MTA TTK Lendület Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary (LSP); Department of Renal Medicine (MBL) and Department of Haematology-Oncology (BCG), National University Health System, Singapore; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore (VT); Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia (VT); Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX (APK)
| | - Yi Yuan
- Affiliations of authors: Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore (WC, GR, SSS, CW, YY, TZT, HY, BCG, TB, APK); Departments of Pharmacology (WC, GR, SSS, CW, BCG, GS, APK), Physiology (ZXC, ZC, CTY), and Biochemistry (VT), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore (ZXC); Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory (FA), School of Biomedical Sciences (GS, APK), Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin Medical School (APK), Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia; National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore (CTY, BCG, APK); 2 Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (LSP); MTA TTK Lendület Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary (LSP); Department of Renal Medicine (MBL) and Department of Haematology-Oncology (BCG), National University Health System, Singapore; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore (VT); Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia (VT); Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX (APK)
| | - Tuan Zea Tan
- Affiliations of authors: Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore (WC, GR, SSS, CW, YY, TZT, HY, BCG, TB, APK); Departments of Pharmacology (WC, GR, SSS, CW, BCG, GS, APK), Physiology (ZXC, ZC, CTY), and Biochemistry (VT), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore (ZXC); Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory (FA), School of Biomedical Sciences (GS, APK), Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin Medical School (APK), Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia; National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore (CTY, BCG, APK); 2 Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (LSP); MTA TTK Lendület Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary (LSP); Department of Renal Medicine (MBL) and Department of Haematology-Oncology (BCG), National University Health System, Singapore; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore (VT); Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia (VT); Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX (APK)
| | - Frank Arfuso
- Affiliations of authors: Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore (WC, GR, SSS, CW, YY, TZT, HY, BCG, TB, APK); Departments of Pharmacology (WC, GR, SSS, CW, BCG, GS, APK), Physiology (ZXC, ZC, CTY), and Biochemistry (VT), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore (ZXC); Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory (FA), School of Biomedical Sciences (GS, APK), Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin Medical School (APK), Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia; National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore (CTY, BCG, APK); 2 Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (LSP); MTA TTK Lendület Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary (LSP); Department of Renal Medicine (MBL) and Department of Haematology-Oncology (BCG), National University Health System, Singapore; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore (VT); Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia (VT); Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX (APK)
| | - Celestial T Yap
- Affiliations of authors: Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore (WC, GR, SSS, CW, YY, TZT, HY, BCG, TB, APK); Departments of Pharmacology (WC, GR, SSS, CW, BCG, GS, APK), Physiology (ZXC, ZC, CTY), and Biochemistry (VT), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore (ZXC); Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory (FA), School of Biomedical Sciences (GS, APK), Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin Medical School (APK), Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia; National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore (CTY, BCG, APK); 2 Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (LSP); MTA TTK Lendület Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary (LSP); Department of Renal Medicine (MBL) and Department of Haematology-Oncology (BCG), National University Health System, Singapore; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore (VT); Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia (VT); Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX (APK)
| | - Lorinc S Pongor
- Affiliations of authors: Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore (WC, GR, SSS, CW, YY, TZT, HY, BCG, TB, APK); Departments of Pharmacology (WC, GR, SSS, CW, BCG, GS, APK), Physiology (ZXC, ZC, CTY), and Biochemistry (VT), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore (ZXC); Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory (FA), School of Biomedical Sciences (GS, APK), Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin Medical School (APK), Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia; National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore (CTY, BCG, APK); 2 Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (LSP); MTA TTK Lendület Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary (LSP); Department of Renal Medicine (MBL) and Department of Haematology-Oncology (BCG), National University Health System, Singapore; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore (VT); Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia (VT); Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX (APK)
| | - Henry Yang
- Affiliations of authors: Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore (WC, GR, SSS, CW, YY, TZT, HY, BCG, TB, APK); Departments of Pharmacology (WC, GR, SSS, CW, BCG, GS, APK), Physiology (ZXC, ZC, CTY), and Biochemistry (VT), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore (ZXC); Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory (FA), School of Biomedical Sciences (GS, APK), Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin Medical School (APK), Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia; National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore (CTY, BCG, APK); 2 Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (LSP); MTA TTK Lendület Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary (LSP); Department of Renal Medicine (MBL) and Department of Haematology-Oncology (BCG), National University Health System, Singapore; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore (VT); Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia (VT); Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX (APK)
| | - Martin B Lee
- Affiliations of authors: Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore (WC, GR, SSS, CW, YY, TZT, HY, BCG, TB, APK); Departments of Pharmacology (WC, GR, SSS, CW, BCG, GS, APK), Physiology (ZXC, ZC, CTY), and Biochemistry (VT), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore (ZXC); Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory (FA), School of Biomedical Sciences (GS, APK), Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin Medical School (APK), Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia; National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore (CTY, BCG, APK); 2 Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (LSP); MTA TTK Lendület Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary (LSP); Department of Renal Medicine (MBL) and Department of Haematology-Oncology (BCG), National University Health System, Singapore; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore (VT); Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia (VT); Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX (APK)
| | - Boon Cher Goh
- Affiliations of authors: Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore (WC, GR, SSS, CW, YY, TZT, HY, BCG, TB, APK); Departments of Pharmacology (WC, GR, SSS, CW, BCG, GS, APK), Physiology (ZXC, ZC, CTY), and Biochemistry (VT), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore (ZXC); Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory (FA), School of Biomedical Sciences (GS, APK), Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin Medical School (APK), Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia; National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore (CTY, BCG, APK); 2 Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (LSP); MTA TTK Lendület Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary (LSP); Department of Renal Medicine (MBL) and Department of Haematology-Oncology (BCG), National University Health System, Singapore; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore (VT); Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia (VT); Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX (APK)
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Affiliations of authors: Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore (WC, GR, SSS, CW, YY, TZT, HY, BCG, TB, APK); Departments of Pharmacology (WC, GR, SSS, CW, BCG, GS, APK), Physiology (ZXC, ZC, CTY), and Biochemistry (VT), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore (ZXC); Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory (FA), School of Biomedical Sciences (GS, APK), Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin Medical School (APK), Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia; National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore (CTY, BCG, APK); 2 Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (LSP); MTA TTK Lendület Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary (LSP); Department of Renal Medicine (MBL) and Department of Haematology-Oncology (BCG), National University Health System, Singapore; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore (VT); Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia (VT); Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX (APK)
| | - Touati Benoukraf
- Affiliations of authors: Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore (WC, GR, SSS, CW, YY, TZT, HY, BCG, TB, APK); Departments of Pharmacology (WC, GR, SSS, CW, BCG, GS, APK), Physiology (ZXC, ZC, CTY), and Biochemistry (VT), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore (ZXC); Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory (FA), School of Biomedical Sciences (GS, APK), Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin Medical School (APK), Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia; National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore (CTY, BCG, APK); 2 Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (LSP); MTA TTK Lendület Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary (LSP); Department of Renal Medicine (MBL) and Department of Haematology-Oncology (BCG), National University Health System, Singapore; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore (VT); Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia (VT); Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX (APK)
| | - Vinay Tergaonkar
- Affiliations of authors: Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore (WC, GR, SSS, CW, YY, TZT, HY, BCG, TB, APK); Departments of Pharmacology (WC, GR, SSS, CW, BCG, GS, APK), Physiology (ZXC, ZC, CTY), and Biochemistry (VT), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore (ZXC); Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory (FA), School of Biomedical Sciences (GS, APK), Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin Medical School (APK), Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia; National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore (CTY, BCG, APK); 2 Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (LSP); MTA TTK Lendület Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary (LSP); Department of Renal Medicine (MBL) and Department of Haematology-Oncology (BCG), National University Health System, Singapore; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore (VT); Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia (VT); Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX (APK)
| | - Alan Prem Kumar
- Affiliations of authors: Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore (WC, GR, SSS, CW, YY, TZT, HY, BCG, TB, APK); Departments of Pharmacology (WC, GR, SSS, CW, BCG, GS, APK), Physiology (ZXC, ZC, CTY), and Biochemistry (VT), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore (ZXC); Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory (FA), School of Biomedical Sciences (GS, APK), Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin Medical School (APK), Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia; National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore (CTY, BCG, APK); 2 Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (LSP); MTA TTK Lendület Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary (LSP); Department of Renal Medicine (MBL) and Department of Haematology-Oncology (BCG), National University Health System, Singapore; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore (VT); Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia (VT); Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX (APK)
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9
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Oka M, Mura S, Yamada K, Sangel P, Hirata S, Maehara K, Kawakami K, Tachibana T, Ohkawa Y, Kimura H, Yoneda Y. Chromatin-prebound Crm1 recruits Nup98-HoxA9 fusion to induce aberrant expression of Hox cluster genes. eLife 2016; 5:e09540. [PMID: 26740045 PMCID: PMC4718815 DOI: 10.7554/elife.09540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The nucleoporin Nup98 is frequently rearranged to form leukemogenic Nup98-fusion proteins with various partners. However, their function remains largely elusive. Here, we show that Nup98-HoxA9, a fusion between Nup98 and the homeobox transcription factor HoxA9, forms nuclear aggregates that frequently associate with facultative heterochromatin. We demonstrate that stable expression of Nup98-HoxA9 in mouse embryonic stem cells selectively induces the expression of Hox cluster genes. Genome-wide binding site analysis revealed that Nup98-HoxA9 is preferentially targeted and accumulated at Hox cluster regions where the export factor Crm1 is originally prebound. In addition, leptomycin B, an inhibitor of Crm1, disassembled nuclear Nup98-HoxA9 dots, resulting in the loss of chromatin binding of Nup98-HoxA9 and Nup98-HoxA9-mediated activation of Hox genes. Collectively, our results indicate that highly selective targeting of Nup98-fusion proteins to Hox cluster regions via prebound Crm1 induces the formation of higher order chromatin structures that causes aberrant Hox gene regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Oka
- Laboratory of Nuclear Transport Dynamics, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory of Biomedical Innovation, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Sonoko Mura
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kohji Yamada
- Laboratory of Nuclear Transport Dynamics, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Percival Sangel
- Laboratory of Nuclear Transport Dynamics, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Saki Hirata
- Department of Advanced Medical Initiatives, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kazumitsu Maehara
- Department of Advanced Medical Initiatives, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Koichi Kawakami
- Division of Molecular and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Genetics, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Taro Tachibana
- Department of Bioengineering, Osaka City University, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Ohkawa
- Department of Advanced Medical Initiatives, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kimura
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Bioscience and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Yoneda
- Laboratory of Biomedical Innovation, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
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10
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Hu J, Hong X, Li Z, Lu Q. Acute monocytic leukaemia with t(11; 12) (p15; q13) chromosomal changes: A case report and literature review. Oncol Lett 2015; 10:2307-2310. [PMID: 26622840 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is a type of heterogeneous disease derived from haematopoietic stem cells. Cytogenetic characterisation is essential for diagnosis and prognosis stratification. Here, we present the case of a 43-year-old female diagnosed with leukaemia, who demonstrated a rare chromosomal change of t(11; 12) (p15; q13) along with a positive FLT3-ITD mutation. The patient had a white blood cell count of 76.41×109/l. Bone marrow morphology revealed that monoblasts accounted for 25.5% of cells, and premonocytes accounted for 49.0%. This patient strongly responded to idarubicin and Ara-c (cytarabine) chemotherapy, which rapidly eliminated the leukaemia cell clones. However, the proliferation rate of the leukaemia cells was high during the intermission of chemotherapy. Subsequently, following two courses of chemotherapy, full haematological remission could not be attained. AML patients with t(11; 12) (p15; q13) combined with FLT3-ITD mutations are expected to have a short life expectancy; however, early haematopoietic stem cell transplantation therapy may improve the treatment outcome for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiasheng Hu
- Department of Haematology, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361004, P.R. China
| | - Xiuli Hong
- Department of Haematology, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361004, P.R. China
| | - Zhe Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361004, P.R. China
| | - Quanyi Lu
- Department of Haematology, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361004, P.R. China
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11
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Burillo-Sanz S, Morales-Camacho RM, Caballero-Velázquez T, Vargas MT, García-Lozano JR, Falantes JF, Prats-Martín C, Bernal R, Pérez-Simón JA. NUP98-HOXA9 bearing therapy-related myeloid neoplasm involves myeloid-committed cell and induces HOXA5, EVI1, FLT3, and MEIS1 expression. Int J Lab Hematol 2015; 38:64-71. [PMID: 26418229 DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.12435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chromosomal rearrangements involving NUP98 gene have been associated with human leukemias such as de novo AML, therapy-related AML (t-AML), myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Genetic fusion NUP98-HOXA9, caused by t(7;11)(p15;p15), is a recurrent cytogenetic alteration in de novo acute myeloid leukemia (AML) usually found in young Asian patients and its description in therapy-related myeloid neoplasms (t-MN) is rare. Only one Asian case with molecular demonstration of the NUP98-HOXA9 fusion has been reported in therapy-related leukemia. NUP98-HOXA9 leukemogenic mechanism is derived from the transcription factor activity of the chimeric protein, which enhances the expression of genes related to cellular differentiation arrest and proliferation. PATIENTS AND METHODS We studied a Caucasian woman with a therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia after Ewing's sarcoma. Molecular demonstration of the genetic fusion NUP98-HOXA9 was performed by RT-PCR, and gene expression was analyzed by real-time PCR, including four AML patients with MLL rearrangements for comparative analysis. Cytologic and flow cytometric analysis was also carried out. RESULTS After cytologic and flow cytometric analysis diagnostics was therapy-related myeloid neoplasm (t-MN). The major component of blasts in the acute leukemia was with neutrophilic differentiation, but 13% erythroid lineage blasts were also found. Cytogenetic and FISH analysis revealed t(7;11)(p15;p15) and NUP98-HOXA9 fusion gene was demonstrated. Gene expression analysis showed upregulation of EVI1 and MEIS1 in the index patient, both of them previously related to a worst outcome. CONCLUSION In this work, we include a detailed molecular, clinical, cytological, and cytometric study of the second t-AML bearing NUP98-HOXA9 genetic fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Burillo-Sanz
- Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain
| | - R M Morales-Camacho
- Department of Hematology, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS)/Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - T Caballero-Velázquez
- Department of Hematology, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS)/Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - M T Vargas
- Department of Hematology, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS)/Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - J R García-Lozano
- Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain
| | - J F Falantes
- Department of Hematology, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS)/Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - C Prats-Martín
- Department of Hematology, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS)/Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - R Bernal
- Department of Hematology, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS)/Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - J A Pérez-Simón
- Department of Hematology, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS)/Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
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12
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Lee BY, Lee KN, Lee T, Park JH, Kim SM, Lee HS, Chung DS, Shim HS, Lee HK, Kim H. Bovine Genome-wide Association Study for Genetic Elements to Resist the Infection of Foot-and-mouth Disease in the Field. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2015; 28:166-70. [PMID: 25557811 PMCID: PMC4283160 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.14.0383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Revised: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious disease affecting cloven-hoofed animals and causes severe economic loss and devastating effect on international trade of animal or animal products. Since FMD outbreaks have recently occurred in some Asian countries, it is important to understand the relationship between diverse immunogenomic structures of host animals and the immunity to foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV). We performed genome wide association study based on high-density bovine single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) chip for identifying FMD resistant loci in Holstein cattle. Among 624532 SNP after quality control, we found that 11 SNPs on 3 chromosomes (chr17, 22, and 15) were significantly associated with the trait at the p.adjust <0.05 after PERMORY test. Most significantly associated SNPs were located on chromosome 17, around the genes Myosin XVIIIB and Seizure related 6 homolog (mouse)-like, which were associated with lung cancer. Based on the known function of the genes nearby the significant SNPs, the FMD resistant animals might have ability to improve their innate immune response to FMDV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Young Lee
- Foot-and-Mouth Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Anyang 430-757, Korea
| | - Kwang-Nyeong Lee
- Foot-and-Mouth Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Anyang 430-757, Korea
| | - Taeheon Lee
- Foot-and-Mouth Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Anyang 430-757, Korea
| | - Jong-Hyeon Park
- Foot-and-Mouth Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Anyang 430-757, Korea
| | - Su-Mi Kim
- Foot-and-Mouth Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Anyang 430-757, Korea
| | - Hyang-Sim Lee
- Foot-and-Mouth Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Anyang 430-757, Korea
| | - Dong-Su Chung
- Gangwon Veterinary Service Laboratory, Chuncheon 220-822, Korea
| | | | - Hak-Kyo Lee
- Genomic Informatics Center, Hankyong National University, Anseong 456-749, Korea
| | - Heebal Kim
- Foot-and-Mouth Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Anyang 430-757, Korea
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13
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Gorello P, Nofrini V, Brandimarte L, Pierini V, Crescenzi B, Nozza F, Daniele G, Storlazzi CT, Di Giacomo D, Matteucci C, La Starza R, Mecucci C. Inv(11)(p15q22)/NUP98-DDX10 fusion and isoforms in a new case of de novo acute myeloid leukemia. Cancer Genet 2013; 206:92-6. [PMID: 23522748 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2013.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2012] [Revised: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
We set up a diagnostic double-color double-fusion fluorescence in situ hybridization (DCDF-FISH) assay to investigate a case of a de novo acute myeloid leukemia (AML)-M4 bearing an inv(11)(p15q22). DCDF-FISH detected the NUP98-DDX10 rearrangement as two fusion signals, at the short and the long arms of the inv(11). Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and cloning experiments confirmed the NUP98-DDX10 fusion and identified two splicing fusion isoforms: the known "type II fusion," originating from the fusion of NUP98 exon 14 to DDX10 exon 7 and a new in-frame fusion transcript between NUP98 exon 15 and DDX10 exon 7, which we termed "type III fusion."
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Gorello
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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14
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Baljevic M, Abdel-Wahab O, Rampal R, Maslak PG, Klimek VM, Rosenblat TL, Douer D, Levine RL, Tallman MS. Translocation t(11;17) in de novo myelodysplastic syndrome not associated with acute myeloid or acute promyelocytic leukemia. Acta Haematol 2012; 129:48-54. [PMID: 23147462 DOI: 10.1159/000342493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2012] [Accepted: 08/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Translocation t(11;17) is a well-recognized variant of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) and has also been identified in patients with mixed-lineage leukemia (MLL) non-APL acute myeloid leukemia. Here, we describe two patients bearing translocation t(11;17) presenting with a clinical diagnosis of de novo myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS): the first with sole karyotypic abnormality 46,XY,t(11;17)(p11.2; p13) and the second where it represented one of the two karyotypic abnormalities 46,XX,del(5)(q13q33)46,XX,del(5)(q13q33),t(11;17)(q24;q23). Molecular characterization of both cases failed to identify fusion transcripts involving MLL or PLZF-RARA and no collaborating somatic mutations commonly found among MDS patients were seen in either case, suggesting the presence of an as yet unidentified oncogenic fusion protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhamed Baljevic
- Department of Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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15
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Emerenciano M, Meyer C, Macedo-Silva ML, de Meis E, Dobbin JA, Marschalek R, Pombo-de-Oliveira MS. Backtracking to birth of the NUP98-HOXD13 gene fusion in an infant acute myeloid leukemia. Leukemia 2011; 25:1192-4. [PMID: 21494261 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2011.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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16
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Gene dosage effects in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 203:149-60. [PMID: 21156227 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2010.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2010] [Revised: 08/25/2010] [Accepted: 09/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
To understand the influence of chromosomal alterations on gene expression in a genome-wide view, chromosomal imbalances detected by single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) chips were compared with global gene expression in 16 cases of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). A strong concordance between chromosomal gain or loss and increased or reduced expression of genes in the affected regions was found, respectively. Regions of uniparental disomy (UPD) were rare and had usually no consistent influence on gene expression, but in one instance, a large UPD was associated with a downregulation of most genes in the affected chromosome. The frequently deleted miRNAs, MIRN15A and MIRN16-1, did not show a reduced expression in cases with monoallelic deletions. The BCL2 protein, considered to be downregulated by these miRNAs, was upregulated not only in CLL with biallelic deletion of MIRN15A and MIRN16-1, but also in cases with monoallelic deletion. This suggests a complex regulation of BCL2 levels in CLL cells. Taken together, in CLL, a global gene dosage effect exists for chromosomal gains and deletions and in some instances for UPDs. We did not confirm a consistent correlation between MIRN15A and MIRN16-1 expression levels and BCL2 protein levels, indicating a complex regulation of BCL2 expression.
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17
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Bano D, Hengartner MO, Nicotera P. Nuclear pore complex during neuronal degeneration. Nucleus 2010. [DOI: 10.4161/nucl.10798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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18
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La Starza R, Brandimarte L, Pierini V, Nofrini V, Gorello P, Crescenzi B, Berchicci L, Matteucci C, Romoli S, Beacci D, Rosati R, Martelli MF, Mecucci C. A NUP98-positive acute myeloid leukemia with a t(11;12)(p15;q13) without HOXC cluster gene involvement. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 193:109-11. [PMID: 19665072 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2009.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2009] [Accepted: 04/03/2009] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
We report a case of adult acute myeloid leukemia with a new t(11;12)(p15;q13) underlying a NUP98 rearrangement without HOXC cluster gene involvement. We designed a specific double-color double-fusion FISH assay to discriminate between this t(11;12)(p15;q13) and those producing NUP98-HOXC11 or NUP98-HOXC13. Our fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) showed that putative candidate partners mapping 600 kilobases centromeric to HOXC were RARG (retinoic acid receptor gamma), MFSD5 (major facilitator superfamily domain containing 5), and ESPL1 (extra spindle pole bodies homolog 1). It is noteworthy that so far only ESPL1 has been implicated in human cancers. This FISH assay is useful for diagnostic screening of NUP98-positive leukemias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta La Starza
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, University of Perugia, Ematologia e Trapianto di Midollo Osseo, Ospedale S.M. della Misericordia, (Padiglione B, piano -2), S. Andrea delle Fratte, 06156 Perugia, Italy
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19
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Tosić N, Stojiljković M, Colović N, Colović M, Pavlović S. Acute myeloid leukemia with NUP98-HOXC13 fusion and FLT3 internal tandem duplication mutation: case report and literature review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 193:98-103. [PMID: 19665070 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2009.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2008] [Accepted: 03/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The NUP98 gene at chromosome band 11p15 is known to be fused to a number of different partners in various hematological malignancies. The most frequently observed fusion partners of NUP98 are the homeobox family of transcriptional factors (HOX genes). We report a case of de novo AML M4 subtype, with a t(11;12)(p15;q13) translocation, generating a NUP98-HOXC13 chimeric transcript. Molecular analysis showed that the exon 16 of NUP98 was fused in frame with exon 2 of HOXC13. The patient was also positive for FLT3 internal tandem duplication (ITD), another molecular marker for the disease. Comparative study of data on the fusion of HOXC cluster and NUP98 gene revealed that it is a rare event, found exclusively in AML patients. To our knowledge, this is the first case of t(11;12)(p15;q13) in de novo AML-M4 in association with FLT3 ITD mutation. Coexistence of NUP98-HOXC13 fusion and FLT3 ITD mutation is likely relevant in the process of leukemogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasa Tosić
- Laboratory for Molecular Hematology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, Vojvode Stepe 444a, P.O. Box 23, 11010 Belgrade, Serbia
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20
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Abstract
Chromosomal aberrations occur with great frequency and some specificity in leukemia and other hematologic malignancies. The most common outcome of these rearrangements is the formation of a fusion gene, comprising portions of 2 genes normally present in the cell. These fusion proteins are presumed to be oncogenic; in many cases, animal models have proven them to be oncogenic. One of the most promiscuous fusion partner genes is the newly identified NUP98 gene, located on chromosome 11p15.5, which to date has been observed fused to 15 different fusion partners. NUP98 encodes a 98 kD protein that is an important component of the nuclear pore complex, which mediates nucleo-cytoplasmic transport of protein and RNA. The fusion partners of NUP98 form 2 distinct groups: homeobox genes and non-homeobox genes. All NUP98 fusions join the N-terminal GLFG repeats of NUP98 to the C-terminal portion of the partner gene, which, in the case of the homeobox gene partners, includes the homeodomain. Clinical findings are reviewed here, along with the findings of several in vivo and in vitro models have been employed to investigate the mechanisms by which NUP98 fusion genes contribute to the pathogenesis of leukemia.
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MESH Headings
- Acute Disease
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Chromosome Breakage
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11/genetics
- DNA Topoisomerases, Type II/physiology
- Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Genes, Homeobox
- Hematologic Neoplasms/genetics
- Hematologic Neoplasms/metabolism
- Homeodomain Proteins/genetics
- Homeodomain Proteins/physiology
- Humans
- Leukemia/genetics
- Leukemia/metabolism
- Models, Genetic
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/physiology
- Nuclear Pore/physiology
- Nuclear Pore Complex Proteins/genetics
- Nuclear Pore Complex Proteins/physiology
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/physiology
- Protein Structure, Tertiary
- Topoisomerase II Inhibitors
- Translocation, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Slape
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Navy 8, Room 5101, Bethesda, Maryland, MD 20889-5105, USA
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21
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Taketani T, Taki T, Nakamura H, Taniwaki M, Masuda J, Hayashi Y. NUP98-NSD3 fusion gene in radiation-associated myelodysplastic syndrome with t(8;11)(p11;p15) and expression pattern of NSD family genes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 190:108-12. [PMID: 19380029 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2008.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2008] [Revised: 11/27/2008] [Accepted: 12/15/2008] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Chromosomal 11p15 abnormality of therapy-related myelodysplastic syndrome (t-MDS)-acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is rare. NUP98-NSD3 fusion transcripts have been detected previously in one patient with AML and one patient with t-MDS having t(8;11)(p11;p15). Here we present the case of a 60-year-old man with radiation-associated MDS (r-MDS) carrying chromosome abnormalities, including t(8;11)(p11;p15) and del(1)(p22p32). Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis demonstrated that the NUP98 gene at 11p15 was split by the translocation. Southern blot analysis of bone marrow cells showed both rearrangements of NUP98 and NSD3 genes. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) followed by sequence analysis revealed the presence of both NUP98-NSD3 and NSD3-NUP98 fusion transcripts. Expression analysis by RT-PCR showed that NSD3 as well as NSD1 and NSD2 was ubiquitously expressed in leukemic cell lines and Epstein-Barr virus transformed B lymphocyte cell lines derived from the normal adult lymphocytes examined. Two isoforms of NSD3, NSD3S and NSD3L (but not NSD3L2), were expressed in leukemic cell lines and were fused to NUP98 in our patient, suggesting that qualitative change of these two isoforms of NSD3 by fusion with NUP98 might be related to leukemogenesis, although the function of each isoform of the NSD3 gene remains unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Taketani
- Division of Blood Transfusion, Shimane University Hospital, Izumo, Shimane, Japan
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22
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Chou WC, Chen CY, Hou HA, Lin LI, Tang JL, Yao M, Tsay W, Ko BS, Wu SJ, Huang SY, Hsu SC, Chen YC, Huang YN, Tseng MH, Huang CF, Tien HF. Acute myeloid leukemia bearing t(7;11)(p15;p15) is a distinct cytogenetic entity with poor outcome and a distinct mutation profile: comparative analysis of 493 adult patients. Leukemia 2009; 23:1303-10. [PMID: 19225539 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2009.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with t(7;11)(p15;p15), which results in a NUP98-HOXA9 fusion, is a distinct entity, but this subtype has not been characterized in detail. In a comprehensive study comparing 11 such patients with another 482 adult patients, we found that those with t(7;11) were younger (P=0.0076) and female (P=0.0111), with almost all having the M2-subtype of AML (P<0.0001). Even when those with low-risk karyotypes were excluded, patients with t(7;11) had poorer overall survival than the other AML group (median 13.5 and 20 months, respectively, P=0.045) and poorer relapse-free survival (median 6 and 12 months, respectively, P=0.003). The NUP98-HOXA9 fusion was strongly associated with KRAS and WT1 mutations (P=0.015 and P=0.0018, respectively). We characterized four varieties of this fusion, among which NUP98 exon 12/HOXA9 exon 1b was present in all 11 patients. We developed a highly sensitive and specific assay to quantify the abundance of leukemic cells, and found that the fusion remained detectable in morphological complete remission, even after allogeneic stem cell transplantation, suggesting that this disease was highly refractory to very intensive treatment. AML with NUP98-HOXA9 fusion therefore appears to have a distinct clinical and biological profile, and should be regarded as a poor prognostic group.
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Affiliation(s)
- W-C Chou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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23
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Wu M, Kwon HY, Rattis F, Blum J, Zhao C, Ashkenazi R, Jackson TL, Gaiano N, Oliver T, Reya T. Imaging hematopoietic precursor division in real time. Cell Stem Cell 2008; 1:541-54. [PMID: 18345353 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2007.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells are thought to balance self-renewal and differentiation through asymmetric and symmetric divisions, but whether such divisions occur during hematopoietic development remains unknown. Using a Notch reporter mouse, in which GFP acts as a sensor for differentiation, we image hematopoietic precursors and show that they undergo both symmetric and asymmetric divisions. In addition we show that the balance between these divisions is not hardwired but responsive to extrinsic and intrinsic cues. Precursors in a prodifferentiation environment preferentially divide asymmetrically, whereas those in a prorenewal environment primarily divide symmetrically. Oncoproteins can also influence division pattern: although BCR-ABL predominantly alters the rate of division and death, NUP98-HOXA9 promotes symmetric division, suggesting that distinct oncogenes subvert different aspects of cellular function. These studies establish a system for tracking division of hematopoietic precursors and show that the balance of symmetric and asymmetric division can be influenced by the microenvironment and subverted by oncogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingfu Wu
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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24
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Guillem V, Tormo M. Influence of DNA damage and repair upon the risk of treatment related leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma 2008; 49:204-17. [PMID: 18231906 DOI: 10.1080/10428190701769657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Therapy-related myelodysplasia and acute myeloid leukemia (t-MDS/AML) are malignancies occurring after exposure to chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. Several studies have addressed cumulative dose, dose intensity and exposure to specific agents of preceding cytotoxic therapy in relation to the risk of developing such leukemia. Since only a small percentage of patients exposed to cytotoxic therapy develop t-MDS/AML, it has been suggested that some genetic predisposition may be involved, specifically associated to polymorphisms in certain genes involved in chemotherapy/radiotherapy response - fundamentally genes intervening in drug detoxification and DNA synthesis and repair. A review is made of the genetic studies related to t-MDS/AML predisposition, focusing on the mechanistic findings of how specific chemotherapeutic drug exposure produces DNA damage and induces the chromosomal abnormalities characteristic of t-MDS/AML, the molecular pathways involved in repairing such drug induced damage, and the way in which they influence t-MDS/AML genesis. Specific issues are (a) the interaction of topoisomerase II inhibitors, alkylators and antimetabolite drugs with DNA repair mechanisms and their impact on t-MDS/AML leukemogenicity and (b) the influence of DNA polymorphisms in genes involved in DNA repair, drug metabolization and nucleotide synthesis, paying special attention to the relevance of folate metabolism. Finally, we discuss some aspects relating to study design that are most suitable for characterizing associations between drug exposure and genotypes related to t-MDS/AML risk - stressing the importance of the inclusion of chemotherapy-exposed control groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicent Guillem
- Servicio de Hematología y Oncología, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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25
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Zhang L, Alsabeh R, Mecucci C, La Starza R, Gorello P, Lee S, Lill M, Schreck R. Rare t(1;11)(q23;p15) in therapy-related myelodysplastic syndrome evolving into acute myelomonocytic leukemia: a case report and review of the literature. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 178:42-8. [PMID: 17889707 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2007.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2006] [Revised: 06/13/2007] [Accepted: 06/22/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Balanced chromosome rearrangements are the hallmark of therapy-related leukemia that develops in patients treated with topoisomerase II inhibitors. Many of these rearrangements involve recurrent chromosomal sites and associated genes (11q23/MLL, 21q22.3/AML1, and 11p15/NUP98), which can interact with a variety of partner genes. One such rearrangement is the rare t(1;11)(q23;p15), which involves juxtaposition of the homeobox gene PMX1 (PRRX1) and NUP98. We report on an additional patient with t(1;11) who presented with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) subsequent to treatment for a pleomorphic liposarcoma. With time, the patient's disorder progressed to acute myelomonocytic leukemia with cytogenetic evidence of clonal evolution. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a patient presenting with a myelodysplastic syndrome with isolated t(1;11) (q23;p15), which evolved into therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia (t-AML). This patient is the third reported with this cytogenetic rearrangement and t-AML, and is compared with the other two reports of t(1;11)(q23;p15).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, Room 4711, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
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26
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Romana SP, Radford-Weiss I, Ben Abdelali R, Schluth C, Petit A, Dastugue N, Talmant P, Bilhou-Nabera C, Mugneret F, Lafage-Pochitaloff M, Mozziconacci MJ, Andrieu J, Lai JL, Terre C, Rack K, Cornillet-Lefebvre P, Luquet I, Nadal N, Nguyen-Khac F, Perot C, Van den Akker J, Fert-Ferrer S, Cabrol C, Charrin C, Tigaud I, Poirel H, Vekemans M, Bernard OA, Berger R. NUP98 rearrangements in hematopoietic malignancies: a study of the Groupe Francophone de Cytogénétique Hématologique. Leukemia 2006; 20:696-706. [PMID: 16467868 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2404130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The NUP98 gene is fused with 19 different partner genes in various human hematopoietic malignancies. In order to gain additional clinico-hematological data and to identify new partners of NUP98, the Groupe Francophone de Cytogénétique Hématologique (GFCH) collected cases of hematological malignancies where a 11p15 rearrangement was detected. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis showed that 35% of these patients (23/66) carried a rearrangement of the NUP98 locus. Genes of the HOXA cluster and the nuclear-receptor set domain (NSD) genes were frequently fused to NUP98, mainly in de novo myeloid malignancies whereas the DDX10 and TOP1 genes were equally rearranged in de novo and in therapy-related myeloid proliferations. Involvement of ADD3 and C6ORF80 genes were detected, respectively, in myeloid disorders and in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL), whereas the RAP1GDS1 gene was fused to NUP98 in T-ALL. Three new chromosomal breakpoints: 3q22.1, 7p15 (in a localization distinct from the HOXA locus) and Xq28 were detected in rearrangements with the NUP98 gene locus. The present study as well as a review of the 73 cases previously reported in the literature allowed us to delineate some chromosomal, clinical and molecular features of patients carrying a NUP98 gene rearrangements.
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Affiliation(s)
- S P Romana
- Service de cytogénétique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France.
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27
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Soares EMA, Santos N, de Araújo Silva Amaral B, Silva MLM, Leite EP, Silva MO, Muniz MTC, Ribeiro RC, de Morais VLL, de Jesus Marques Salles T. Secondary acute myeloid leukemia with a t(1;11)(q23;p15) in an adolescent treated for testicular sarcoma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 169:83-5. [PMID: 16875945 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2006.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2006] [Revised: 01/26/2006] [Accepted: 02/10/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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28
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van Zutven LJCM, Onen E, Velthuizen SCJM, van Drunen E, von Bergh ARM, van den Heuvel-Eibrink MM, Veronese A, Mecucci C, Negrini M, de Greef GE, Beverloo HB. Identification ofNUP98 abnormalities in acute leukemia:JARID1A (12p13) as a new partner gene. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2006; 45:437-46. [PMID: 16419055 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.20308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromosome rearrangements are found in many acute leukemias. As a result, genes at the breakpoints can be disrupted, forming fusion genes. One of the genes involved in several chromosome aberrations in hematological malignancies is NUP98 (11p15). As NUP98 is close to the 11p telomere, small translocations might easily be missed. Using a NUP98-specific split-signal fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) probe combination, we analyzed 84 patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), acute lymphoblastic leukemia, or myelodysplastic syndrome with either normal karyotypes or 11p abnormalities to investigate whether there are unidentified 11p15 rearrangements. Neither NUP98 translocations nor deletions were identified in cases with normal karyotypes, indicating these aberrations may be very rare in this group. However, NUP98 deletions were observed in four cases with unbalanced 11p aberrations, indicating that the breakpoint is centromeric of NUP98. Rearrangements of NUP98 were identified in two patients, both showing 11p abnormalities in the diagnostic karyotype: a t(4;11)(q1?3;p15) with expression of the NUP98-RAP1GDS1 fusion product detected in a 60-year-old woman with AML-M0, and an add(11)(p15) with a der(21)t(11;21)(p15;p13) observed cytogenetically in a 1-year-old boy with AML-M7. JARID1A was identified as the fusion partner of NUP98 using 3' RACE, RT-PCR, and FISH. JARID1A, at 12p13, codes for retinoblastoma binding protein 2, a protein implicated in transcriptional regulation. This is the first report of JARID1A as a partner gene in leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J C M van Zutven
- Department of Genetics, Centre for Biomedical Genetics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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29
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Tsurusawa M, Manabe A, Hayashi Y, Akiyama Y, Kigasawa H, Inada H, Noguchi Y, Sawai N, Kobayashi R, Nagatoshi Y, Kawakami K, Kojima S, Nakahata T. Therapy-related myelodysplastic syndrome in childhood: A retrospective study of 36 patients in Japan. Leuk Res 2005; 29:625-32. [PMID: 15863201 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2004.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2004] [Accepted: 11/29/2004] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We report here a retrospective analysis of 36 children with therapy-related myelodysplastic syndrome (t-MDS) diagnosed between 1990 and 1999 in Japan. Their median age was 7.7 years and the median latency period for the development of t-MDS was 38.5 months. The primary tumors were hematologic in 15 of the cases and nonhematologic in 21. Chromosomal abnormalities were detected in 32/34(94%) patients: abnormalities of chromosomes 5and/or 7 in 41% and notably, 11q23 abnormalities in 31%. The prognosis of children with t-MDS was very poor as compared to children with primary MDS (5 year survival: 16% versus 54%, p<0.0001).
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tsurusawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Aichi 4801195, Japan.
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30
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Welborn J. Constitutional chromosome aberrations as pathogenetic events in hematologic malignancies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 149:137-53. [PMID: 15036890 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-4608(03)00301-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2003] [Accepted: 07/11/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A predisposition to tumor development is associated with some constitutional chromosomal abnormalities. Investigations of families with an apparent hereditary cancer and constitutional chromosome rearrangements have led to the molecular identification of tumor suppressor genes. Under the somatic mutation theory for the development of cancer, two mutational events are required. The first step may be a constitutional event and the second an acquired genetic mutation. Cytogenetic studies were performed on 5633 bone marrow specimens from patients with hematologic malignancies from a single institution. Fifty cases of constitutional chromosome aberrations were detected. Data collected from the literature and from our series are reviewed and compared with the incidence of specific constitutional chromosome aberrations in the newborn population. Possible mechanisms that may predispose individuals with constitutional chromosome aberrations to the development of a hematologic malignancy are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanna Welborn
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pathology, University of California at Davis Medical Center, UCDMC Cancer Center, Room 3017, 4501 X Street, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
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31
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Abstract
Targeted therapies for hematological malignancies have come of age since the advent of all trans retinoic acid (ATRA) for treating APL and STI571/Imatinib Mesylate/Gleevec for CML. There are good molecular targets for other malignancies and several new drugs are in clinical trials. In this review, we will concentrate on individual abnormalities that exist in the myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and myeloid leukemias that are targets for small molecule therapies (summarised in Fig. 1). We will cover fusion proteins that are produced as a result of translocations, including BCR-ABL, the FLT3 tyrosine kinase receptor and RAS. Progression of diseases such as MDS to secondary AML occur as a result of changes in the balance between cell proliferation and apoptosis and we will review targets in both these areas, including reversal of epigenetic silencing of genes such as p15(INK4B).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison M John
- Leukaemia Sciences Laboratories, Department of Haematological Medicine, Guy's, King's and St Thomas' School of Medicine, King's College London, The Rayne Institute, 123 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
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32
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Kobzev YN, Martinez-Climent J, Lee S, Chen J, Rowley JD. Analysis of translocations that involve theNUP98 gene in patients with 11p15 chromosomal rearrangements. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2004; 41:339-52. [PMID: 15390187 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.20092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The NUP98 gene has been reported to be fused with at least 15 partner genes in leukemias with 11p15 translocations. We report the results of screening of cases with cytogenetically documented rearrangements of 11p15 and the subsequent identification of involvement of NUP98 and its partner genes. We identified 49 samples from 46 hematology patients with 11p15 (including a few with 11p14) abnormalities, and using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), we found that NUP98 was disrupted in 7 cases. With the use of gene-specific FISH probes, in 6 cases, we identified the partner genes, which were PRRX1 (PMX1; in 2 cases), HOXD13, RAP1GDS1, HOXC13, and TOP1. In the 3 cases for which RNA was available, RT-PCR was performed, which confirmed the FISH results and identified the location of the breakpoints in patient cDNA. Our data confirm the previous findings that NUP98 is a recurrent target in various types of leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri N Kobzev
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Biological Sciences Division, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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33
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Forestier E, Heim S, Blennow E, Borgström G, Holmgren G, Heinonen K, Johannsson J, Kerndrup G, Andersen MK, Lundin C, Nordgren A, Rosenquist R, Swolin B, Johansson B. Cytogenetic abnormalities in childhood acute myeloid leukaemia: a Nordic series comprising all children enrolled in the NOPHO-93-AML trial between 1993 and 2001. Br J Haematol 2003; 121:566-77. [PMID: 12752097 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2141.2003.04349.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Between 1993 and 2001, 318 children were diagnosed with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) in the Nordic countries. The patient group comprised 237 children < 15 years of age with de novo AML, 42 children < 15 years with Down syndrome (DS) and de novo AML, 18 adolescents 15-18 years of age with de novo AML, and 21 children < 15 years with treatment-related AML (t-AML). The first group was all-inclusive, yielding an annual childhood de novo AML incidence of 0.7/100 000. Cytogenetic analyses were successful in 288 cases (91%), and clonal chromosomal abnormalities were detected in 211 (73%). The distribution of ploidy levels were pseudodiploidy (55%), hyperdiploidy (34%) and hypodiploidy (11%). The most common aberrations (> 2%) were + 8 (23%) (as a sole change in 6.2%), 11q23-translocations, including cryptic MLL rearrangements (22%) [t(9;11)(p21-22;q23) in 11%], t(8;21)(q22;q22) (9.0%), inv(16)(p13q22) (6.2%), -7/7q- (5.2%), and t(15;17)(q22;q12) (3.8%). Except for +8, these abnormalities were rare in group 2; only one DS patient had a t(8;21) and none had 11q23-translocations, t(15;17) or inv(16). In the t-AML group, three cases displayed 11q23-rearrangements, all t(9;11); and there were no t(8;21), t(15;17) or inv(16). Overall, the observed frequencies of t(8;21) and t(15;17) were lower, and frequencies of trisomy 8 and 11q23-translocations higher, than in previous studies. Furthermore, seven abnormalities that were previously reported as only single AML cases were also seen, meaning that der(4)t(4;11)(q26-27;q23), der(6)t(1;6)(q24-25;q27), der(7)t(7;11)(p22;q13), inv(8)(p23q11-12), t(11;17)(p15;q21), der(16)t(10;16)(q22;p13) and der(22)t(1;22)(q21;q13) are now classified as recurrent abnormalities in AML. In addition, 37 novel aberrations were observed, 11 of which were sole anomalies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Forestier
- Departments of Clinical Sciences, Paediatrics, University of Umeå, Sweden.
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34
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La Starza R, Trubia M, Crescenzi B, Matteucci C, Negrini M, Martelli MF, Pelicci PG, Mecucci C. Human homeobox gene HOXC13 is the partner of NUP98 in adult acute myeloid leukemia with t(11;12)(p15;q13). Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2003; 36:420-3. [PMID: 12619167 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.10182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The chimeric gene NUP98/HOXC13 was detected in a patient with a de novo acute myeloid leukemia and a t(11;12)(p15;q13). Fluorescence in situ hybridization with PAC1173K1 identified the breakpoint on 11p15, indicating that the NUP98 gene was involved in the translocation. At 12q13, the breakpoint fell within BAC 578A18, selected for the homeobox C (HOXC) cluster genes. RACE-PCR showed that HOXC13 was the partner gene of NUP98. To date, HOXC13 is the eighth homeobox gene that, as the result of a reciprocal translocation, fuses with NUP98 in myeloid malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta La Starza
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, University of Perugia, Policlinico Monteluce, via Brunamonti, 06123 Perugia, Italy
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35
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Panagopoulos I, Isaksson M, Billström R, Strömbeck B, Mitelman F, Johansson B. Fusion of the NUP98 gene and the homeobox gene HOXC13 in acute myeloid leukemia with t(11;12)(p15;q13). Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2003; 36:107-12. [PMID: 12461755 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.10139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The NUP98 gene at 11p15 is known to be fused to DDX10, HOXA9, HOXA11, HOXA13, HOXD11, HOXD13, LEDGF, NSD1, NSD3, PMX1, RAP1GDS1, and TOP1 in various hematologic malignancies. The common theme in all NUP98 chimeras is a transcript consisting of the 5' part of NUP98 and the 3' portion of the partner gene; however, apart from the frequent fusion to different homeobox genes, there is no apparent similarity among the other partners. We here report a de novo acute myeloid leukemia with a t(11;12)(p15;q13), resulting in a novel NUP98/HOXC13 fusion. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analyses, by the use of probes covering NUP98 and the HOXC gene cluster at 12q13, revealed a fusion signal at the der(11)t(11;12), indicating a NUP98/HOXC chimera, whereas no fusion was found on the der(12)t(11;12), suggesting that the translocation was accompanied by a deletion of the reciprocal fusion gene. Reverse transcription-PCR and sequence analyses showed that exon 16 (nucleotide 2290) of NUP98 was fused in-frame with exon 2 (nucleotide 852) of HOXC13. Neither the HOXC13/NUP98 transcript nor the normal HOXC13 was expressed. The present results, together with previous studies of NUP98/homeobox gene fusions, strongly indicate that NUP98/HOXC13 is of pathogenetic importance in t(11;12)-positive acute myeloid leukemia.
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MESH Headings
- Acute Disease
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Base Sequence
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 12/genetics
- Female
- Homeodomain Proteins/genetics
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Myeloid/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid/pathology
- Middle Aged
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Nuclear Pore Complex Proteins/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Translocation, Genetic/genetics
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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36
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Fahrenkrog B, Aebi U. The vertebrate nuclear pore complex: from structure to function. Results Probl Cell Differ 2002; 35:25-48. [PMID: 11791407 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-44603-3_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Birthe Fahrenkrog
- M.E. Müller Institute for Structural Biology, Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 70, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
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37
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Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are considered to be a family of clonal disorders of hematopoietic stem cells that are characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis and susceptibility to acute myelogenous leukemias, and are shown to be strikingly refractory to current therapeutic modalities. A substantial proportion of these complex diseases arise in the setting of exposures to environmental or occupational toxins, including cytotoxic therapy for a prior malignancy or other disorder. The conversion of a normal stem cell into a preleukemic and ultimately leukemic state is a multistep process requiring the accumulation of a number of genetic lesions. On the genomic level, MDS is typified by losses and translocations involving certain key gene segments, with disruption of the normal structure and function of genes that control the balance of proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic precursors. More than a half of the chromosomal abnormalities in MDS comprise deletions of chromosomes 5, 7, 11, 12, 13 and 20. This evidence suggests that as yet unidentified tumor suppressor genes should have important roles in the molecular mechanisms of MDS. Further molecular approaches to such genetic lesions will identify the relevant tumor suppressor genes. Over the past years, major signal transduction molecules were identified and their genetic alterations were extensively analyzed in MDS as well as leukemias. These include receptors for growth factors, RAS signaling molecules, cell cycle regulators, and transcription factors. Among them, notable is transcription factors that regulate both proliferation and differentiation of hematopoitic stem cells. The disruption of the normal flow of the signal transduction pathways involving these molecules translates into ineffective multilineage hematopoiesis and bone marrow failure. Therefore, MDS provides a fertile testing ground on which we could study the molecular dissection implicated in the multistep leukemogenesis.
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38
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Taketani T, Taki T, Ono R, Kobayashi Y, Ida K, Hayashi Y. The chromosome translocation t(7;11)(p15;p15) in acute myeloid leukemia results in fusion of the NUP98 gene with a HOXA cluster gene, HOXA13, but not HOXA9. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2002; 34:437-43. [PMID: 12112533 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.10077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The nucleoporin gene NUP98 has been reported to be fused to 9 partner genes in hematologic malignancies with 11p15 translocations. The NUP98-HOXA9 fusion gene has been identified in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and chronic myelogenous leukemia with t(7;11)(p15;p15). We report here a novel NUP98 partner gene, HOXA13, in a patient with de novo AML having t(7;11)(p15;p15). The HOXA13 gene is part of the HOXA cluster genes and contains 2 exons, encoding a protein of 338 amino acids with a homeodomain. The NUP98-HOXA13 fusion protein consists of the N-terminal phenylalanine-glycine repeat motif of NUP98 and the C-terminal homeodomain of HOXA13, similar to the NUP98-HOXA9 fusion protein. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis in various leukemic cell lines showed that the HOXA13 gene was expressed significantly more frequently in acute monocytic leukemic cell lines than in other leukemic cell lines (P = 0.039). HOXA13 and three HOXA cluster genes (A9, A10, A11) located at the 5' end of the HOXA9 gene were frequently expressed in myeloid leukemic cell lines. Our results revealed that t(7;11)(p15;p15) was not a single chromosomal abnormality at the molecular level. The protein encoded by the NUP98-HOXA13 fusion gene is similar to that encoded by NUP98-HOXA9, and the expression pattern of the HOXA13 gene in leukemic cell lines is similar to that of the HOXA9 gene, suggesting that the NUP98-HOXA13 fusion protein may play a role in leukemogenesis through a mechanism similar to that of the NUP98-HOXA9 fusion protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Taketani
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
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39
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Kawakami K, Miyanishi S, Nishii K, Usui E, Murata T, Shinsato I, Shiku H. A case of acute myeloid leukemia with t(7;11)(p15;p15) mimicking myeloid crisis of chronic myelogenous leukemia. Int J Hematol 2002; 76:80-3. [PMID: 12138901 DOI: 10.1007/bf02982723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The chromosome aberration t(7;11)(p15;p15) is uncommon but recurrent in leukemia. We experienced a case of acute leukemia with t(7;11)(p15;p15), the hematological appearance of which mimicked myeloid crisis in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). This case showed splenomegaly, a decreased neutrophil alkaline phosphatase (NAP) score, increased vitamin B12 value, and cells at all stages of neutrophilic maturation in both bone marrow and peripheral blood. We initially had difficulty differentiating acute myeloid leukemia (AML) M2 with marked myeloid differentiation from myeloid crisis of Philadelphia chromosome (Ph)-negative CML. Immature myeloid cells in the peripheral blood disappeared and cytogenetic analysis indicated that marrow cells changed to the normal karyotype after remission induction therapy. Therefore, this case was thought not to be myeloid crisis but AML M2 subtype. The NUP98/HOXA9 fusion transcript was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) at exon A but not exon B of NUP98.
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MESH Headings
- Acute Disease
- Blast Crisis/diagnosis
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 7
- Diagnosis, Differential
- Genes, Tumor Suppressor/physiology
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology
- Leukemia, Myeloid/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Myeloid/genetics
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Translocation, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiki Kawakami
- Division of Hematology, Suzuka General Hospital, Mie, Japan.
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40
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Calvo KR, Sykes DB, Pasillas MP, Kamps MP. Nup98-HoxA9 immortalizes myeloid progenitors, enforces expression of Hoxa9, Hoxa7 and Meis1, and alters cytokine-specific responses in a manner similar to that induced by retroviral co-expression of Hoxa9 and Meis1. Oncogene 2002; 21:4247-56. [PMID: 12082612 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1205516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2001] [Revised: 02/28/2002] [Accepted: 04/23/2002] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The association between acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) and the aberrant expression of Hoxa9 is evidenced by (1) proviral activation of Hoxa9 and Meis1 in BXH-2 murine AML, (2) formation of the chimeric Nup98-HoxA9 transactivator protein as a consequence of the t(7;11) translocation in human AML, and (3) the strong expression of HoxA9 and Meis1 in human AML. In mouse models, enforced retroviral expression of Hoxa9 alone in marrow is not sufficient to cause rapid AML, while co-expression of Meis1 and Hoxa9 induces rapid AML. In contrast, retroviral expression of Nup98-HoxA9 is sufficient to cause rapid AML in the absence of enforced Meis1 expression. Previously, we demonstrated that Hoxa9 could block the differentiation of murine marrow progenitors cultured in granulocyte-macrophage colony-simulating factor (GM-CSF). These progenitors lacked Meis1 expression, could not proliferate in stem cell factor (SCF), but could differentiate into neutrophils when switched into granulocyte colony-simulating factor (G-CSF). Ectopic expression of Meis1 in these Hoxa9 cells suppressed their G-CSF-induced differentiation, permitted proliferation in SCF, and therein offered a potential explanation of cooperative function. Because Meis1 binds N-terminal Hoxa9 sequences that are replaced by Nup98, we hypothesized that Nup98-HoxA9 might consolidate the biochemical functions of both Hoxa9 and Meis1 on target gene promoters and might evoke their same lymphokine-responsive profile in immortalized progenitors. Here we report that Nup98-HoxA9, indeed mimicks Hoxa9 plus Meis1 coexpression - it immortalizes myeloid progenitors, prevents differentiation in response to GM-CSF, IL-3, G-CSF, and permits proliferation in SCF. Unexpectedly, however, Nup98-Hoxa9 also enforced strong transcription of the cellular Hoxa9, Hoxa7 and Meis1 genes at levels similar to those found in mouse AML's generated by proviral activation of Hoxa9 and Meis1. Using Hoxa9(-/-) marrow, we demonstrate that expression of Hoxa9 is not required for myeloid immortalization by Nup98-HoxA9. Rapid leukaemogenesis by Nup98-HoxA9 may therefore result from both the intrinsic functions of Nup98-HoxA9, as well as of those of coexpressed HOX and MEIS1 genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine R Calvo
- University of California School of Medicine, Department of Pathology 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California, CA 92093-0612, USA
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41
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Padua RA, McGlynn A, McGlynn H. Molecular, cytogenetic and genetic abnormalities in MDS and secondary AML. Cancer Treat Res 2002; 108:111-57. [PMID: 11702597 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-1463-3_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Myelodysplasia (MDS) is a clonal disease, which increases with age, suggesting that multiple steps are required for the evolution of the condition. Approximately 30% of MDS evolve into acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). In this review, we intend to delineate the genetic events, which may drive this sequence and therefore we will focus primarily on cytogenetic abnormalities where the genes have been identified and oncogenes and suppressor genes that have been implicated. In terms of the biological mechanisms, which characterise this process, it is generally thought that the MDS cell has impaired differentiation, and has increased apoptosis. As the disease progresses in addition, the cells have increased proliferation. As the disease evolves, the population of cells, which predominate remain immature, have decreased apoptosis and in many cases, upregulate anti-apoptotic genes and have deregulated proliferation as the number of blast cells increase. Etiological factors, which contribute to the development of leukemia, include therapeutic agents administered for a primary malignancy. The cytogenetic abnormalities, predisposition factors and genes involved in secondary leukemia will also be reviewed.
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MESH Headings
- Acute Disease
- Aneuploidy
- Apoptosis/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor
- Chromosome Aberrations
- Chromosome Deletion
- Chromosome Painting
- Chromosomes, Human/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human/ultrastructure
- Clone Cells/pathology
- Disease Progression
- Genes, Tumor Suppressor
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Genetic Therapy
- Growth Substances/genetics
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/pathology
- Humans
- Karyotyping
- Leukemia, Myeloid/etiology
- Leukemia, Myeloid/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid/pathology
- Multigene Family
- Myelodysplastic Syndromes/genetics
- Myelodysplastic Syndromes/pathology
- Myelodysplastic Syndromes/therapy
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/pathology
- Oncogenes
- Preleukemia/genetics
- Preleukemia/pathology
- Receptors, Growth Factor/genetics
- Signal Transduction/genetics
- Transcription, Genetic/genetics
- Translocation, Genetic
- Trisomy
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Padua
- Hematology Department, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
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42
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Scandura JM, Boccuni P, Cammenga J, Nimer SD. Transcription factor fusions in acute leukemia: variations on a theme. Oncogene 2002; 21:3422-44. [PMID: 12032780 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1205315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The leukemia-associated fusion proteins share several structural or functional similarities, suggesting that they may impart a leukemic phenotype through common modes of transcriptional dysregulation. The fusion proteins generated by these translocations usually contain a DNA-binding domain, domains responsible for homo- or hetero-dimerization, and domains that interact with proteins involved in chromatin remodeling (e.g., co-repressor molecules or co-activator molecules). It is these shared features that constitute the 'variations on the theme' that underling the aberrant growth and differentiation that is the hallmark of acute leukemia cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Scandura
- Laboratory of Molecular Aspects of Hematopoiesis, Sloan-Kettering Institute Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA
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43
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Gould VE, Orucevic A, Zentgraf H, Gattuso P, Martinez N, Alonso A. Nup88 (karyoporin) in human malignant neoplasms and dysplasias: correlations of immunostaining of tissue sections, cytologic smears, and immunoblot analysis. Hum Pathol 2002; 33:536-44. [PMID: 12094380 DOI: 10.1053/hupa.2002.124785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) are elaborate macromolecular structures that regulate the bidirectional nucleocytoplasmic traffic system. In vertebrate cells, NPCs include a family of 50 to 100 proteins termed nucleoporins (Nups). The 88-kD Nup has been found to be linked in a dynamic subcomplex with the oncogenic CAN/Nup214. Applying a polyclonal antiserum to Nup88 on paraffin sections, we found that it immunoreacts with numerous malignant neoplasms. All carcinomas reacted irrespective of site, type, or degree of differentiation; often, high-grade carcinomas stained more strongly and extensively. Some sarcomas (e.g., fibrosarcomas, leiomyosarcomas, liposarcomas, and rhabdomyosarcomas) reacted intensely; melanomas, gliomas, mesotheliomas, and malignant lymphomas also stained. In situ carcinomas of the colon, stomach, breast, and prostate stained convincingly, as did in situ melanomas; some samples of fetal tissues also reacted. Cytologic smears of some of the aforementioned tumors also stained. In selected samples, enhanced immunostaining of tissue sections and cytologic smears correlated strongly and consistently with immunoblot data. Immunoblots of the same tumors with antibodies to 2 other Nups (Nup214 and Nup153) showed no comparable enhancement. Therefore, it seems that in some malignant tumors, Nup88 overexpression is not parallelled by an overexpression of other Nups. Benign tumors, hyperplasias, and normal tissues showed weak and sporadic staining or absence of staining; immunoblots of the same samples yielded weak signals. Occasional highly proliferative hyperplastic-reactive processes showed focal staining. Thus, our correlative histologic, cytologic, and molecular data indicate that Nup88 may be viewed as a potentially useful, broadly based histodiagnostic and molecular marker of many malignancies and premalignant dysplasias, and further suggest that in some malignant tumors, Nup88 may be selectively overexpressed as compared with other Nups. Thus, we propose that Nup88 be designated as karyoporin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor E Gould
- Department of Pathology, Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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44
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Silva MLM, Land MGP, Maradei S, Otero L, Veith M, Brito G, Klumb C, Fernandez T, Pombo-de-Oliveira MS. Translocation (11;11)(p13- p15;q23) in a child with therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia following chemotherapy with DNA-topoisomerase II inhibitors for Langerhans cell histiocytosis. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 2002; 135:101-2. [PMID: 12072208 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-4608(01)00638-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
We report a new case of therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia in a child with Langerhans cell histiocytosis. This patient was previously treated with a protocol of multidrug chemotherapy, containing a relatively low dose of etoposide (total dose of 900/m(2)). Twenty-six months after the end of the therapy, the patient returned to the hospital with fever and anemia. The white blood cell count was 53 x 10(9)/L. The bone marrow examination showed massive infiltration with French-American-British acute myeloid leukemia classification M4 blast cells. The patient did not respond to an intensive treatment with high dose ARA-C and idarubicin. He died 6 months later. The cytogenetic abnormality of the blast cells was a t(11;11)(p13 -15;q23), that has not been described before in a secondary leukemia case.
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MESH Headings
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Child, Preschool
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11/genetics
- Cytarabine/administration & dosage
- Drug Therapy, Combination
- Enzyme Inhibitors/adverse effects
- Etoposide/administration & dosage
- Etoposide/adverse effects
- Fatal Outcome
- Histiocytosis, Langerhans-Cell/drug therapy
- Humans
- Idarubicin/administration & dosage
- Karyotyping
- Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Acute/chemically induced
- Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Acute/genetics
- Male
- Neoplasms, Second Primary/chemically induced
- Neoplasms, Second Primary/genetics
- Nuclear Pore Complex Proteins/genetics
- Prednisolone/administration & dosage
- Prednisolone/therapeutic use
- Topoisomerase II Inhibitors
- Translocation, Genetic
- Vinblastine/administration & dosage
- Vinblastine/therapeutic use
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Luiza Macedo Silva
- Laboratorio de Citogenetica, Centro de transplante de Medula Ossea (CEMO), Instituto Nacional de Cancer (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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45
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Block AW, Carroll AJ, Hagemeijer A, Michaux L, van Lom K, Olney HJ, Baer MR. Rare recurring balanced chromosome abnormalities in therapy-related myelodysplastic syndromes and acute leukemia: report from an international workshop. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2002; 33:401-12. [PMID: 11921274 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.10044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Seventy-seven patients were identified with Rare recurring (excluding 11q23, 21q22, inv(16), and t(15;17)) chromosome abnormalities among 511 patients with treatment-related myelodysplastic syndromes and acute leukemia accepted from centers in the United States, Europe, and Japan. The abnormality subsets included 3q21q26 (17 patients), 11p15 (17 patients), t(9;22)(q34;q11) (10 patients), 12p13 (9 patients), t(8;16)(p11;p13) (9 patients), and an "other" subset, which included t(6;9)(p23;q34) (3 patients), t(10;11)(p13;q13 approximately q21) (3 patients), t(1;17)(p36;q21) (2 patients), t(8;14)(q24;q32) (2 patients), t(11;19)(q13;q13) (2 patients), t(1;3)(p36;q21) (2 patients), and t(3;5)(q21;q31) (1 patient). Increased karyotypic complexity with additional balanced and unbalanced rearrangements was observed in 70% of cases. Among 54 cases with secondary abnormalities, chromosome 5 and/or 7 abnormalities were observed in 59%. The most frequent primary diseases were breast cancer (24 cases), Hodgkin disease (14 cases), non-Hodgkin lymphoma (10 cases), and de novo ALL (5 cases). Thirty-seven patients received alkylating agents plus topoisomerase II inhibitors with or without radiation therapy. The presenting diagnosis was t-AML in 47 cases, t-MDS in 23 cases (10 progressed to t-AML), and t-ALL in seven cases, five of whom had a t(9;22). The median latency time from initiation of original therapy to therapy-related disease diagnosis was quite long (69 months), and the overall median survival from the date of therapy-related disease diagnosis was very short (7 months). The 1-year survival rate was 34 +/- 7%, with no significant differences among subsets. Comparison with previously reported cases showed increased karyotypic complexity and adult presentation of pediatric-associated chromosome abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- AnneMarie W Block
- Clinical Cytogenetics Laboratory, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263, USA.
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46
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Fujino T, Suzuki A, Ito Y, Ohyashiki K, Hatano Y, Miura I, Nakamura T. Single-translocation and double-chimeric transcripts: detection of NUP98-HOXA9 in myeloid leukemias with HOXA11 or HOXA13 breaks of the chromosomal translocation t(7;11)(p15;p15). Blood 2002; 99:1428-33. [PMID: 11830496 DOI: 10.1182/blood.v99.4.1428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that the chromosomal translocation t(7;11)(p15;p15) in patients with human acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) and chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) invariably involves fusion of the nucleoporin gene, NUP98, on chromosome 11 and the class 1 HOX gene, HOXA9, on chromosome 7, and that the fusion gene NUP98-HOXA9 is an important gene in myeloid leukemogenesis. Here are reported 2 novel chromosome 7p15 targets of the t(7;11)(p15;p15) chromosomal translocation in 2 patients with CML and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Southern blot and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analyses of leukemia cell DNA failed to show rearrangement of HOXA9, whereas NUP98 was found to be rearranged in both cases. Reverse transcription-PCR analysis using a NUP98 primer and a degenerate primer corresponding to the third helix of the homeodomain of HOXA demonstrated that NUP98 was fused in-frame to HOXA11 in the patient with CML and to HOXA13 in the patient with MDS. The chromosomal breakpoints on 7p15 were located within introns of HOXA11 or HOXA13 genes. In both patients chimeric NUP98-HOXA9 transcripts were also observed. These findings suggest that AbdB-type HOXA genes are common targets of t(7;11)(p15;p15) chromosomal translocations and that a single translocation can produce more than one NUP98-HOXA fusion gene, presumably because of altered splicing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Fujino
- Department of Carcinogenesis, The Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
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47
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Masuya M, Katayama N, Inagaki K, Miwa H, Hoshino N, Miyashita H, Suzuki H, Araki H, Mitani H, Nishii K, Kageyama SI, Minami N, Shiku H. Two independent clones in myelodysplastic syndrome following treatment of acute myeloid leukemia. Int J Hematol 2002; 75:182-6. [PMID: 11939266 DOI: 10.1007/bf02982025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We describe a 55-year-old Japanese woman with therapy-related myelodysplastic syndrome (t-MDS) with 2 independent clones, t(1;2)(p36;p21) and t(11;12)(pl5;ql3). She was diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with cytological features of the bone marrow and peripheral blood. Cytogenetic evaluation revealed a 46,XX karyotype. She received chemotherapy and achieved complete remission (CR). Despite maintenance chemotherapy, she suffered a relapse. Chromosomal analysis showed t(1;2)(p36;p21) in 2 of 20 metaphases. At second CR, this clone transiently disappeared. Nine months later, t(1;2) (p36;p21) was detected again in 3 of 20 metaphases while the patient remained in CR. Six months later, bone marrow examination disclosed trilineage dysplasia without an excess of blasts, suggesting MDS. t(1;2)(p36;p21) was observed in 16 of 20 metaphases. The clinical course and serial cytogenetic findings were diagnostic of t-MDS. The duration of t-MDS was 6 years. During this period, persistent t(1;2)(p36;p21) and transient t(11;12)(p15;q13) were found. When t-MDS evolved toAML, cytogenetic evaluation revealed 46,XX,t(1;2)(p36;p21),del(7)(q22),add(19)(p13).
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MESH Headings
- Acute Disease
- Antineoplastic Agents/administration & dosage
- Antineoplastic Agents/toxicity
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 12
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 2
- Clone Cells/pathology
- Cytogenetic Analysis
- Female
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid/complications
- Leukemia, Myeloid/drug therapy
- Middle Aged
- Myelodysplastic Syndromes/chemically induced
- Myelodysplastic Syndromes/genetics
- Myelodysplastic Syndromes/pathology
- Neoplasms, Second Primary/chemically induced
- Neoplasms, Second Primary/genetics
- Neoplasms, Second Primary/pathology
- Translocation, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Masuya
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Mie University School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
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48
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Abstract
Acute leukemia is associated with a wide spectrum of recurrent, non-random chromosomal translocations. Molecular analysis of the genes involved in these translocations has led to a better understanding of both the causes of chromosomal rearrangements as well as the mechanisms of leukemic transformation. Recently, a number of laboratories have cloned translocations involving the NUP98 gene on chromosome 11p15.5, from patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), and T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). To date, at least eight different chromosomal rearrangements involving NUP98 have been identified. The resultant chimeric transcripts encode fusion proteins that juxtapose the N-terminal GLFG repeats of NUP98 to the C-terminus of the partner gene. Of note, several of these translocations have been found in patients with therapy-related acute myelogenous leukemia (t-AML) or myelodysplastic syndrome (t-MDS), suggesting that genotoxic chemotherapeutic agents may play an important role in generating chromosomal rearrangements involving NUP98.
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Affiliation(s)
- D H Lam
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
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49
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Abstract
Childhood myeloid leukaemias are a diverse collection of conditions. Although many are also seen in adults, some are peculiar to childhood. In childhood AML, as in adults, cytogenetic abnormalities are associated with specific clinical features and define prognostic groups. In infants under 1 year with AML, the incidence of 11q23 abnormalities is particularly high. The finding of identical 11q23 breakpoints in infant leukaemia as in therapy-related leukaemias suggests a role for in utero exposure to topoisomerase II inhibitors. There are a number of constitutional disorders that predispose children to develop AML, usually with a preceding myelodysplastic phase. Monosomy (or deletion of the long arm) of chromosome 7 is the most frequent chromosome abnormality in the bone marrow of such patients. Abnormalities of chromosome 7 are also common cytogenetic findings in all morphological subgroups of childhood myelodysplasia, either as a primary abnormality or associated with disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- G W Hall
- Paediatric Haematology/Oncology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
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50
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Fahrenkrog B, Stoffler D, Aebi U. Nuclear pore complex architecture and functional dynamics. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2001; 259:95-117. [PMID: 11417129 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-56597-7_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B Fahrenkrog
- Biozentrum, M.E. Müller Institute for Structural Biology, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
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