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Shen L, Yu C, Wu Y, Jiang Y, Sun Y, Yao J, Chen K, Hong Y. Transcriptomic landscape of GC-2spd(ts) cell in response to the downregulation of piR-1207/2107. Andrologia 2022; 54:e14522. [PMID: 35791046 DOI: 10.1111/and.14522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Spermatogenesis is a highly orchestrated dynamic developmental process, during which piRNAs play an indispensable role. Our previous studies have confirmed that the levels of piR-1207 and piR-2107 were significantly decreased in spermatozoa and seminal plasma of patients with asthenozoospermia, compared with the fertile controls. In order to explore the function of piR-1207 and piR-2107 in human spermatogenesis and their potential regulatory downstream genes, we examined the transcriptomic landscape in mouse spermatocyte cell line GC-2spd(ts) transfected with anti-piR-1207 and anti-piR-2107 by RNA sequencing. The result showed that 86 and 75 differential expression genes (DEGs) in anti-piR-1207 and anti-piR-2107 group, respectively. Among the DEGs, three genes including Pbp2, Pde3a and Cage1 were identified as potential key genes playing important roles in mediating sperm motility and morphology in anti-piR-1207 or anti-piR-2107 transfected transcriptomic response. Next, the expression levels of Pbp2, Pde3a and Cage1 were confirmed by qRT-PCR. These results showed that Pbp2, Pde3a and Cage1 may serve as the potential regulatory genes of piR-1207 or piR-2107. In summary, piR-1207 and piR-2107 might have an implication in modulating the process of spermatogenesis through regulating the expression of potential genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Shen
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Bioengineering, Hangzhou Medical College, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China.,School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chong Yu
- Urology & Nephrology Center, Department of Urology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanqian Wu
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Bioengineering, Hangzhou Medical College, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Jiang
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Bioengineering, Hangzhou Medical College, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yue Sun
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiayao Yao
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Bioengineering, Hangzhou Medical College, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Keer Chen
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Bioengineering, Hangzhou Medical College, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yeting Hong
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Bioengineering, Hangzhou Medical College, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
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2
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Huang Q, Luo L, Han X, Li F, Zhang X, Tian M. Low-dose perfluorooctanoic acid stimulates steroid hormone synthesis in Leydig cells: Integrated proteomics and metabolomics evidence. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 424:127656. [PMID: 34774353 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), one of the well-known perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), has been widespread in the environment and associated with male reproductive toxicity. However, the molecular mechanism involved in low-level PFOA-induced male endocrine disruption remains to be elucidated. In this study, we performed a combined proteomics and metabolomics analysis to investigate the proteomic and metabolic alterations in MLTC-1 Leydig cells responsive to low levels of PFOA exposure. The results showed that PFOA significantly regulated the expressions of 67 proteins and 17 metabolites, among which 18 proteins and 7 metabolites were specifically tied to lipid and fatty acid metabolism as well as testicular steroidogenesis. It is further suggested that low-dose PFOA stimulates steroid hormone synthesis by accelerating fatty acid metabolism and steroidogenic process, which is involved in the repression of p38 and cAMP-dependent ERK signaling pathway. The animal studies also revealed that environmentally relevant levels of PFOA increased serum steroid hormone levels accompanied by the activated cAMP and inhibited p38/ERK pathway in testis, which confirmed our in vitro findings. Overall, the present study will provide novel insights into the toxicological mechanisms of low-level PFOA-mediated steroidogenic disturbance, and may implicate the reproductive health risk of humans with environmental PFOA exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Lianzhong Luo
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Biomedicine Resources, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361023, China
| | - Xuejingping Han
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fuping Li
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Meiping Tian
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
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3
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Patil SK, Somashekar L, Selvaraju S, Jamuna KV, Parthipan S, Binsila BK, Prasad RV, Ravindra JP. Immuno-histological mapping and functional association of seminal proteins in testis and excurrent ducts with sperm function in buffalo. Reprod Domest Anim 2020; 55:998-1010. [PMID: 32515513 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The region-specific expression of seminal proteins in testis and excurrent duct system determines the quality and function of the spermatozoa. In the present study, localization and expression of some of the seminal proteins such as insulin-like growth factor receptor 1β (IGF-1Rβ), phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein 4 (PEBP4), α-tubulin and tissue factor pathway inhibitor 2 (TFPI2) were carried out in testis, excurrent duct system and spermatozoa of buffalo. IGF-1Rβ was localized in the cells of the seminiferous tubules of the testis, except in primary spermatocytes. The PEBP4 was localized only in the elongated spermatid, whereas α-tubulin and TFPI2 proteins were localized in all cells of the seminiferous tubule including spermatocyte. In the buffalo spermatozoa, IGF-1Rβ, PEBP4, α-tubulin and TFPI2 were localized in the acrosome region, the post-acrosomal region till the tail end, post-acrosome to the entire tail region and the equatorial region, respectively. The study indicates that IGF-1R, α-tubulin and PEBP4 proteins regulate spermatogenesis, whereas TFPI2 may be involved during the zona binding process of the buffalo spermatozoa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Kumar Patil
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Animal Physiology Division, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bengaluru, India.,Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Histology, Veterinary College, KVAFSU, Bengaluru, India
| | - Lakshminarayana Somashekar
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Animal Physiology Division, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bengaluru, India
| | - Sellappan Selvaraju
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Animal Physiology Division, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bengaluru, India
| | - Kolatalu V Jamuna
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Histology, Veterinary College, KVAFSU, Bengaluru, India
| | - Shivashanmugam Parthipan
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Animal Physiology Division, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bengaluru, India
| | - Bala Krishnan Binsila
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Animal Physiology Division, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bengaluru, India
| | | | - Janivara Parameshwaraiah Ravindra
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Animal Physiology Division, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bengaluru, India
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4
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Somashekar L, Selvaraju S, Parthipan S, Patil SK, Binsila BK, Venkataswamy MM, Karthik Bhat S, Ravindra JP. Comparative sperm protein profiling in bulls differing in fertility and identification of phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein 4, a potential fertility marker. Andrology 2017; 5:1032-1051. [DOI: 10.1111/andr.12404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 05/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Somashekar
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory; Animal Physiology Division; ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology; Bengaluru India
- Department of Biochemistry; Jain University; Bengaluru India
| | - S. Selvaraju
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory; Animal Physiology Division; ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology; Bengaluru India
| | - S. Parthipan
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory; Animal Physiology Division; ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology; Bengaluru India
- Department of Biochemistry; Jain University; Bengaluru India
| | - S. K. Patil
- Department of Anatomy and Histology; Veterinary College; Bengaluru India
| | - B. K. Binsila
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory; Animal Physiology Division; ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology; Bengaluru India
| | - M. M. Venkataswamy
- Neurobiology Research Centre; Department of Neurovirology; National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences; Bengaluru India
| | - S. Karthik Bhat
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory; Animal Physiology Division; ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology; Bengaluru India
| | - J. P. Ravindra
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory; Animal Physiology Division; ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology; Bengaluru India
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5
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He H, Liu D, Lin H, Jiang S, Ying Y, Chun S, Deng H, Zaia J, Wen R, Luo Z. Phosphatidylethanolamine binding protein 4 (PEBP4) is a secreted protein and has multiple functions. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2016; 1863:1682-9. [PMID: 27033522 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2016.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatidylethanolamine binding proteins (PEBP) represent a superfamily of proteins that are conserved from bacteria to humans. In mammals, four members have been identified, PEBP1-4. To determine the functional differences among PEBP1-4 and the underlying mechanism for their actions, we performed a sequence alignment and found that PEBP4 contains a signal peptide and potential glycosylation sites, whereas PEBP1-3 are intracellular proteins. To test if PEBP4 is secreted, we made constructs with Myc epitope at the amino (N) terminus or carboxyl (C) terminus to mask the signal sequence or keep it free, respectively. Our data revealed that both mouse and human PEBP4 were secreted when the epitope was tagged at their C-terminus. To our surprise, secretion was dependent upon the C-terminal conserved domain in addition to the N-terminal signal sequence. When the epitope was placed to the N-terminus, the recombinant protein failed to secrete and instead, was retained in the cytoplasm. Mass spectrometry detected asparagine (N)-glycosylation on the secreted PEBP4. Although overexpression of N-terminal tagged PEBP4 resulted in an inhibition of ERK activation by EGF, that with a C-terminal epitope tag did not have such an effect. Likewise, transfection of PEBP4 shRNA did not appear to affect ERK activation, suggesting that PEBP4 does not participate in the regulation of this pathway. In contrast, PEBP4 siRNA suppressed phosphorylation of Act at S473. Therefore, our results suggest that PEBP4 is a multifunctional protein and can be secreted. It will be important to investigate the mechanism by which PEBP4 is secreted and regulates cellular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan He
- Graduate Program of Internal Medicine, Nanchang University Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang, China; Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, United States
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, United States; Department of Pharmacology, Nanchang University School of Pharmaceutic Sciences, Nanchang, China
| | - Hui Lin
- Graduate Program of Internal Medicine, Nanchang University Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang, China; Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, United States
| | - Shanshan Jiang
- Graduate Program of Internal Medicine, Nanchang University Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang, China; Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, United States; Department of Pharmacology, Nanchang University School of Pharmaceutic Sciences, Nanchang, China
| | - Ying Ying
- Graduate Program of Internal Medicine, Nanchang University Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang, China; Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, United States; Department of Pathology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang, China
| | - Shao Chun
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, United States
| | - Haiteng Deng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Joseph Zaia
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, United States
| | - Rong Wen
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller Medical School, Miami, FL 33136, United States
| | - Zhijun Luo
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, United States; Department of Pathology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang, China.
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6
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Reid AT, Anderson AL, Roman SD, McLaughlin EA, McCluskey A, Robinson PJ, Aitken RJ, Nixon B. Glycogen synthase kinase 3 regulates acrosomal exocytosis in mouse spermatozoa via dynamin phosphorylation. FASEB J 2015; 29:2872-82. [PMID: 25808536 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-265553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The dynamin family of GTPases has been implicated as novel regulators of the acrosome reaction, a unique exocytotic event that is essential for fertilization. Dynamin activity during the acrosome reaction is accompanied by phosphorylation of key serine residues. We now tested the hypothesis that glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) is the protein kinase responsible for dynamin phosphorylation at these phosphosites in mouse spermatozoa. Pharmacologic inhibition of GSK3 in mature mouse spermatozoa (CHIR99021: IC50 = 6.7 nM) led to a significant reduction in dynamin phosphorylation (10.3% vs. 27.3%; P < 0.001), acrosomal exocytosis (9.7% vs. 25.7%; P < 0.01), and in vitro fertilization (53% vs. 100%; P < 0.01). GSK3 was shown to be present in developing germ cells where it colocalized with dynamin in the peri-acrosomal domain. However, additional GSK3 was acquired by maturing mouse spermatozoa within the male reproductive tract, via a novel mechanism involving direct interaction of sperm heads with extracellular structures known as epididymal dense bodies. These data reveal a novel mode for the cellular acquisition of a protein kinase and identify a key role for GSK3 in the regulation of sperm maturation and acrosomal exocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew T Reid
- *School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Discipline of Biological Sciences, and School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Discipline of Chemistry, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia; and Children's Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Amanda L Anderson
- *School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Discipline of Biological Sciences, and School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Discipline of Chemistry, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia; and Children's Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Shaun D Roman
- *School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Discipline of Biological Sciences, and School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Discipline of Chemistry, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia; and Children's Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Eileen A McLaughlin
- *School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Discipline of Biological Sciences, and School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Discipline of Chemistry, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia; and Children's Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Adam McCluskey
- *School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Discipline of Biological Sciences, and School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Discipline of Chemistry, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia; and Children's Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Phillip J Robinson
- *School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Discipline of Biological Sciences, and School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Discipline of Chemistry, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia; and Children's Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - R John Aitken
- *School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Discipline of Biological Sciences, and School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Discipline of Chemistry, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia; and Children's Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Brett Nixon
- *School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Discipline of Biological Sciences, and School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Discipline of Chemistry, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia; and Children's Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
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7
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Tripathi UK, Aslam MKM, Pandey S, Nayak S, Chhillar S, Srinivasan A, Mohanty TK, Kadam PH, Chauhan MS, Yadav S, Kumaresan A. Differential proteomic profile of spermatogenic and Sertoli cells from peri-pubertal testes of three different bovine breeds. Front Cell Dev Biol 2014; 2:24. [PMID: 25364731 PMCID: PMC4206989 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2014.00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sub-fertility is one of the most common problems observed in crossbred males, but the etiology remains unknown in most of the cases. Although proteomic differences in the spermatozoa and seminal plasma between breeds have been investigated, the possible differences at the sperm precursor cells and supporting/nourishing cells have not been studied. The present study reports the differential proteomic profile of spermatogenic and Sertoli cells in crossbred and purebred bulls. Testis was removed by unilateral castration of 12 peri-pubertal bulls (10 months age), four each from crossbred (Holstein Friesian × Tharparkar), exotic purebred [Holstein Friesian (HF)] and indigenous purebred [Tharparkar (TP)] bulls. Spermatogenic and Sertoli cells were isolated and subjected to proteomic analysis. Protein extracts from the Sertoli and spermatogenic cells of each breed were analyzed with 2-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) and analyzed with Decyder™ software. Compared to HF, 26 protein spots were over expressed and 14 protein spots were under expressed in spermatogenic cells of crossbred bulls. Similarly, 7 protein spots were over expressed and 15 protein spots were under expressed in the spermatogenic cells of TP bulls compared to that of crossbred bulls. Out of 12 selected protein spots identified through mass spectrometry, Phosphatidyl ethanolamine binding protein was found to be over expressed in the spermatogenic cells of crossbred bulls compared to TP bulls. The protein, gamma actin was found to be over expressed in the Sertoli cells of HF bulls, whereas Speedy Protein-A was found to be over expressed in Sertoli cells of crossbred bulls. It may be concluded that certain proteomic level differences exist in sperm precursor cells and nourishing cells between breeds, which might be associated with differences in the fertility among these breeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utkarsh K Tripathi
- Theriogenology Lab, Livestock Production Management, National Dairy Research Institute Karnal, India
| | - Muhammad K M Aslam
- Theriogenology Lab, Livestock Production Management, National Dairy Research Institute Karnal, India
| | - Shashank Pandey
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi, India
| | - Samiksha Nayak
- Theriogenology Lab, Livestock Production Management, National Dairy Research Institute Karnal, India
| | - Shivani Chhillar
- Theriogenology Lab, Livestock Production Management, National Dairy Research Institute Karnal, India
| | - A Srinivasan
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi, India
| | - T K Mohanty
- Theriogenology Lab, Livestock Production Management, National Dairy Research Institute Karnal, India
| | - Prashant H Kadam
- Embryo Biotechnology Lab, Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute Karnal, India
| | - M S Chauhan
- Embryo Biotechnology Lab, Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute Karnal, India
| | - Savita Yadav
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi, India
| | - Arumugam Kumaresan
- Theriogenology Lab, Livestock Production Management, National Dairy Research Institute Karnal, India
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8
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An LP, Maeda T, Sakaue T, Takeuchi K, Yamane T, Du PG, Ohkubo I, Ogita H. Purification, molecular cloning and functional characterization of swine phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein 4 from seminal plasma. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 423:690-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2012] [Accepted: 06/05/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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9
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Cui S, Hu J, Guo S, Wang J, Cheng Y, Dang X, Wu L, He Y. Proteome analysis of Physcomitrella patens exposed to progressive dehydration and rehydration. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2012; 63:711-26. [PMID: 21994173 PMCID: PMC3254677 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/err296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2011] [Revised: 08/10/2011] [Accepted: 08/22/2011] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Physcomitrella patens is an extremely dehydration-tolerant moss. However, the molecular basis of its responses to loss of cellular water remains unclear. A comprehensive proteomic analysis of dehydration- and rehydration-responsive proteins has been conducted using quantitative two-dimensional difference in-gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE), and traditional 2-D gel electrophoresis (2-DE) combined with MALDI TOF/TOF MS. Of the 216 differentially-expressed protein spots, 112 and 104 were dehydration- and rehydration-responsive proteins, respectively. The functional categories of the most differentially-expressed proteins were seed maturation, defence, protein synthesis and quality control, and energy production. Strikingly, most of the late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins were expressed at a basal level under control conditions and their synthesis was strongly enhanced by dehydration, a pattern that was confirmed by RT-PCR. Actinoporins, phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein, arabinogalactan protein, and phospholipase are the likely dominant players in the defence system. In addition, 24 proteins of unknown function were identified as novel dehydration- or rehydration-responsive proteins. Our data indicate that Physcomitrella adopts a rapid protein response mechanism to cope with dehydration in its leafy-shoot and basal expression levels of desiccation-tolerant proteins are rapidly upgraded at high levels under stress. This mechanism appears similar to that seen in angiosperm seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suxia Cui
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: ;
| | - Jia Hu
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Shilei Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Jie Wang
- National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Yali Cheng
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Xinxing Dang
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Lili Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yikun He
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: ;
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10
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Hu CJ, Zhou L, Zhang J, Huang C, Zhang GM. Immunohistochemical detection of Raf kinase inhibitor protein in normal cervical tissue and cervical cancer tissue. J Int Med Res 2011; 39:229-37. [PMID: 21672326 DOI: 10.1177/147323001103900125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Raf kinase inhibitor protein (RKIP) may be a suppressor of metastasis: RKIP levels are high in normal tissues, low in primary cancers and lowest or absent in metastatic cancers. This immunohisto chemistry study investigated RKIP protein levels in 250 clinical specimens of human cervical tissue and lymph node metastases (LNM) from 210 patients with normal cervical tissue, cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia (CIN), or cervical cancer with/without LNM. Thirty-nine (86.7%) of the 45 normal-tissue samples were RKIP-positive, six (13.3%) were RKIP-negative; 48/60 (80.0%) CIN samples were positive, 12 (20.0%) were negative; 47/105 (44.8%) cervical cancer tissue samples were positive, 58 (55.2%) were negative; only 7/40 (17.5%) LNM tissue samples were positive, 33 (82.5%) were negative. There was no significant correlation between RKIP positivity and clinical stage, microscopic subtype or pathological differentiation grade. RKIP positivity correlated inversely with LNM. RKIP may play a role in cervical-cancer genesis and metastasis; RKIP down-regulation was associated with metastatic disease in human cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin City, China
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11
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Yi C, Peng Y, Guo C, Lin D. 1H, 13C, 15N backbone and side-chain resonance assignments of the human Raf-1 kinase inhibitor protein. BIOMOLECULAR NMR ASSIGNMENTS 2011; 5:63-66. [PMID: 20924725 DOI: 10.1007/s12104-010-9268-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2010] [Accepted: 09/22/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Raf-1 kinase inhibitor protein (RKIP) plays a pivotal role in modulating multiple signaling networks. Here we report backbone and side chain resonance assignments of uniformly (15)N, (13)C labeled human RKIP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiying Yi
- NMR laboratory, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Science, China
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12
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Dadvar P, Kovanich D, Folkers GE, Rumpel K, Raijmakers R, Heck AJR. Phosphatidylethanolamine-binding proteins, including RKIP, exhibit affinity for phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors. Chembiochem 2010; 10:2654-62. [PMID: 19760692 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200900452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Identifying protein "interactors" of drugs is of great importance to understand their mode of action and possible cross-reactivity to off-target protein binders. In this study, we profile proteins that bind to PF-3717842, a high-affinity phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE5) inhibitor, by using a refined affinity pulldown approach with PF-3717842 immobilized beads. By performing these pulldowns in rat testis tissue lysate, we strongly and specifically enriched for PDE5 and a few other PDEs. In addition to these expected affinity-enriched proteins we also detect rodent-specific phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein 2 (PEBP2), as a putative binder to the PDE5 inhibitor. By using recombinant forms of the related murine mPEBP2, mPEBP1 and human hPEBP1 (also known as Raf kinase inhibitor protein or RKIP) we confirm that they all can bind strongly to immobilized as well as soluble PF-3717842. As the phosphatidylethanolamine-binding proteins are involved in various important signal transduction pathways, the synthetic PDE5 inhibitor used here might form a platform to synthesize enhanced binders/inhibitors of the family of PEBP proteins. Our approach shows how chemical proteomics might be used to profile the biochemical space (interactome) of small molecule inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poupak Dadvar
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Group, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, NL
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13
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Zeng L, Imamoto A, Rosner MR. Raf kinase inhibitory protein (RKIP): a physiological regulator and future therapeutic target. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2008; 12:1275-87. [PMID: 18781826 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.12.10.1275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Raf kinase inhibitory protein (RKIP) belongs to the phosphatidylethanolamine binding protein (PEBP) family that is expressed in both prokaryotic and euakaryotic organisms. OBJECTIVE In this review, we discuss the role of RKIP as a modulator of signal transduction, the relationship of RKIP to other members of the PEBP family, and the role of RKIP in human health and disease. RESULTS/CONCLUSION In mammals, RKIP regulates activation of MAPK, NF-kappaB and G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). As a modulator of key signaling pathways, RKIP affects various cellular processes including cell differentiation, the cell cycle, apoptosis and cell migration. Emerging evidence suggests that RKIP is implicated in several human diseases or disorders, among them metastatic tumorigenesis and Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingchun Zeng
- The University of Chicago, Ben May Department for Cancer Research, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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14
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Klysik J, Theroux SJ, Sedivy JM, Moffit JS, Boekelheide K. Signaling crossroads: the function of Raf kinase inhibitory protein in cancer, the central nervous system and reproduction. Cell Signal 2008; 20:1-9. [PMID: 17706925 PMCID: PMC2231335 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2007.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2007] [Accepted: 07/02/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The Raf kinase inhibitory protein 1 (RKIP-1) and its orthologs are conserved throughout evolution and widely expressed in eukaryotic organisms. In its non-phosphorylated form RKIP-1 negatively regulates the Raf/MEK/ERK pathway by interfering with the activity of Raf-1. In its phosphorylated state, RKIP-1 dissociates from Raf-1 and inhibits GRK-2, a negative regulator of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). Available data indicate that the phosphorylation of RKIP-1 by PKC can stimulate both the Raf/MEK/ERK and GPCR pathways. RKIP-1 has also been implicated as a negative regulator of the NF-kappaB pathway. Recent studies have shown that phosphorylated RKIP-1 binds to the centrosomal and kinetochore regions of metaphase chromosomes, where it may be involved in regulating the partitioning of chromosomes and the progression through mitosis. The collective evidence indicates that RKIP-1 regulates the activity and mediates the crosstalk between several important cellular signaling pathways. A variety of ablative interventions suggest that reduced RKIP-1 function may influence metastasis, angiogenesis, resistance to apoptosis, and genome integrity. Attenuation of RKIP-1 may also affect cardiac and neurological functions, spermatogenesis, sperm decapacitation, and reproductive behavior. In this review, the role of RKIP-1 in cellular signaling, and especially its functions revealed using a mouse knockout model, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Klysik
- Department of Molecular Biology Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, United States.
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15
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Poon HF, Shepherd HM, Reed TT, Calabrese V, Stella AMG, Pennisi G, Cai J, Pierce WM, Klein JB, Butterfield DA. Proteomics analysis provides insight into caloric restriction mediated oxidation and expression of brain proteins associated with age-related impaired cellular processes: Mitochondrial dysfunction, glutamate dysregulation and impaired protein synthesis. Neurobiol Aging 2006; 27:1020-34. [PMID: 15996793 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2005.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2004] [Revised: 05/04/2005] [Accepted: 05/19/2005] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Age-related impairment of functionality of the central nervous system (CNS) is associated with increased susceptibility to develop many neurodegenerative diseases. Increased oxidative stress in the CNS of aged animals is manifested by increased protein oxidation, which is believed to contribute to the age-related learning and memory deficits. Glutamate dysregulation, mitochondrial dysfunction and impaired protein synthesis are observed in aged brains, along with increased protein oxidation. Interestingly, all of these age-related cellular alterations can be improved by caloric restriction (CR), which can also improve the plasticity and recovery of the CNS. Although the beneficial effects of CR on brains are well established, the mechanism(s) of its action remains unclear. In order to gain insight into the mechanism of CR in the brain, we located the brain regions that are benefited the most from reduced oxidative stress by CR. Along with other brain regions, striatum (ST) showed significantly decreased bulk protein carbonyl levels and hippocampus (HP) showed decreased bulk protein 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) levels in CR aged rats when compared to those of age matched controls. To determine which proteins were oxidatively modified in these brain regions, we used parallel proteomics approach to identify the proteins that are altered in oxidation and expression. The specific carbonyl levels of pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2), alpha-enolase (ENO1), inositol monophosphatase (INSP1), and F1-ATPase Chain B (ATP-F1B) were significantly decreased in ST of aged CR rats. In contrast, the expression levels of phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PKG1), inosine monophosphate cyclohydrolase (IMPCH) and F1-ATPase Chain A (ATP-F1A) were significantly increased in the ST of CR rats. In the hippocampus of CR rats, the specific 3-NT levels of malate dehydrogenase (MDH), phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PKG1) and 14-3-3 zeta protein were significantly decreased and expression levels of DLP1 splice variant 1 (DLP1), mitochondrial aconitase (ACO2), dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (DLDH), neuroprotective peptide H3 (NPH3), and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A (eIF-5A) are increased. Moreover, an unnamed protein product (UNP1) with similar sequence to initiation factor 2 (IF-2) was decreased in the HP of CR rats. Our data support the hypothesis that CR induces a mild metabolic stress response by increasing the production of neurotrophic proteins, therefore, priming neurons against apoptosis. Moreover, our study shows that the improvement of glutamate dysregulation, mitochondrial dysfunction and protein synthesis by CR is, at least partially, due to the CR-mediated alteration of the oxidation or the expression of PKM2, ENO1, INSP1, ATP-F1B, PKG1, IMPCH, ATP-F1A MDH, PKG1 and 14-3-3 zeta protein, DLP1, ACO2, DLDH, NPH3, eIF-5A and UNP1. This study provides valuable insights into the mechanisms of the beneficial factors on brain aging by CR.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Fai Poon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Center of Membrane Sciences, Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, 255 Bowman Hall, Lexington, KY 40506-0055, USA
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16
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Nixon B, MacIntyre DA, Mitchell LA, Gibbs GM, O'Bryan M, Aitken RJ. The Identification of Mouse Sperm-Surface-Associated Proteins and Characterization of Their Ability to Act as Decapacitation Factors1. Biol Reprod 2006; 74:275-87. [PMID: 16221991 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.105.044644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian spermatozoa must undergo capacitation before acquiring the ability to fertilize the oocyte. This process is believed to be initiated following the release of surface-associated decapacitation factors that are elaborated by both the epididymis and the male accessory organs. Herein, we report the identification of a number of proteins that are actively released from the surface of mouse spermatozoa during capacitation in vitro. As anticipated, the addition of these factors back to suspensions of mouse spermatozoa was shown to suppress several correlates of the capacitation process. Specifically, they induced a significant, dose-dependent inhibition of the ability of spermatozoa to undergo a progesterone-induced acrosome reaction and to bind to the zona pellucida in vitro. Inhibition of these functions was associated with the suppression of tyrosine phosphorylation in the sperm plasma membrane but had no effect on the phosphorylation of internal proteins in either the sperm head or tail. This inhibitory activity was attributed to a subset of the isolated proteins compromising at least four putative decapacitation factors. These proteins were identified via tandem-mass spectrometry amino acid sequence analysis as plasma membrane fatty acid binding protein, cysteine-rich secretory protein 1 (CRISP1), phosphatidylethanolamine binding protein 1 (PBP), and an unnamed protein product that we have termed decapacitation factor 10 (DF10). Of these proteins, PBP was identified as a primary candidate for a decapacitation factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett Nixon
- Reproductive Science Group, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia
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17
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Keller ET, Fu Z, Brennan M. The biology of a prostate cancer metastasis suppressor protein: Raf kinase inhibitor protein. J Cell Biochem 2005; 94:273-8. [PMID: 15565643 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.20169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Raf kinase inhibitor protein (RKIP) was originally identified as a protein that bound membrane phospholipids and was named phosphatidylethanolamine binding protein-2 (PEBP-2). RKIP was than identified as a protein that bound Raf and blocked its ability to phosphorylate MEK, thus earning its new name of RKIP. Subsequent to identification of its role in the Raf:MEK pathway, RKIP has been demonstrated to regulate several other signaling pathways including G-protein signaling and NF-kappaB signaling. Its involvement in several signaling pathways has engendered RKIP to contribute to several physiological processes including membrane biosynthesis, spermatogenesis, neural development, and apoptosis. RKIP is expressed in many tissues including brain, lung, and liver and thus, dysregulation of RKIP expression or function has potential to contribute to pathophysiology in these tissues. Loss of RKIP expression in prostate cancer cells confers a metastatic phenotype on them. Additionally, restoration of RKIP expression in a metastatic prostate cancer cell line does not effect primary tumor growth, but it does inhibit prostate cancer metastasis. These parameters identify RKIP as a metastasis suppressor gene. In this review, the biology and pathophysiology of RKIP is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan T Keller
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-0940, USA.
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18
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Baker MA, Witherdin R, Hetherington L, Cunningham-Smith K, Aitken RJ. Identification of post-translational modifications that occur during sperm maturation using difference in two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Proteomics 2005; 5:1003-12. [PMID: 15712234 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200401100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Difference in two-dimensional (2-D) gel electrophoresis (DIGE) is a novel method for analyzing up to three samples in one 2-D gel and using the information gained to study post-translational modifications of proteins. We describe the use of DIGE to isolate and characterize those proteins that undergo processing in spermatozoa as they transit the epididymal tract. We find up to 60 protein spots are significantly modified as sperm traverse the epididymis. In this article, we report eight unambiguous protein identifications and demonstrate that one protein, the beta-subunit of the mitochondrial F1-ATPase, is serine-phosphorylated as sperm undergo epididymal maturation. We suggest that phosphorylation of this particular protein in a cAMP-dependent manner may contribute to the mechanisms by which motility is conferred upon spermatozoa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Baker
- The ARC Centre of Excellence in Biotechnology and Development, Reproductive Science Group, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia
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19
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Yamamoto T, Fukushima T, Kikkawa R, Yamada H, Horii I. PROTEIN EXPRESSION ANALYSIS OF RAT TESTES INDUCED TESTICULAR TOXICITY WITH SEVERAL REPRODUCTIVE TOXICANTS. J Toxicol Sci 2005; 30:111-26. [PMID: 15928459 DOI: 10.2131/jts.30.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The utilization of safety biomarkers to predict the possibility of compound-related toxicity provides several advantages for drug discovery and development, especially at an early stage. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of male reproductive toxicants on protein expression profiles in the rat testes and to identify potential biomarker candidates. Four well-known reproductive toxicants, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether (EGME), cyclophosphamide (CP), sulfasalazine (SASP) and 2,5-hexanedione (2,5-HD), were administered to male rats in a single dose, and protein expression profiles were investigated after 24 hr by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE). Histopathological examination of the testes and serum concentration analysis were also performed. From the results of the comparison of 2D-gels among different doses of a compound and among compounds, 52, 20, 24 and 111 spots were nominated as differentially expressed spots with EGME, CP, SASP and 2,5-HD treatments, respectively. Several spermatogenesis-involved proteins were identified, including glutathione S-transferase (GST), testis-specific heat shock protein 70-2 (HSP70-2), glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein (PEBP). Some of them were altered by more than one compound. In summary, remarkable histopathological findings were observed only in the EGME high-dose group, and most of the protein changes were detected before histopathological changes occurred. Therefore, the proteins identified in this study could potentially serve as biomarkers to evaluate male reproductive toxicity at an early stage of drug discovery and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshinori Yamamoto
- Worldwide Safety Sciences, Pfizer Global Research & Development, Nagoya Laboratories, Pfizer Inc., Taketoyo, Aichi, Japan
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20
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Abstract
The metastatic cascade is a complicated process that involves many steps from gain of the metastatic phenotype in the primary tumor cells through establishment of macroscopic tumor at the distant target organ. A group of genes, termed metastasis suppressor genes (MSG), encode for proteins that inhibit various steps of the metastatic cascade. Accordingly, loss of MSG promotes the metastatic phenotype. Although several MSG have been identified, the mechanisms through which they enhance metastasis are not clearly defined. Gene array analysis of a low metastatic LNCaP prostate cancer cell line compared to its highly metastatic derivative C4-2B prostate cancer cell line revealed decreased expression of raf kinase inhibitor protein (RKIP) in the C4-2B cell line. RKIP blocks the activation of several signaling pathways including MEK, G-proteins and NFkappaB. Immunohistochemical analysis of prostate cancer primary tumors and metastases revealed that RKIP protein expression was decreased in metastases. Restoration of RKIP expression in the C4-2B cell line diminished metastasis in a murine model. These results demonstrate that RKIP is a MSG. Loss of RKIP enhanced both angiogenesis and vascular invasion, and protected against apoptosis. These findings suggest that targeting the RKIP pathway may diminish the metastatic cascade. However, challenges exist as to the best method to target RKIP expression. Restoration of RKIP expression in all cancer cells in vivo is challenging. A plausible strategy is to use small molecules that target proteins in signaling pathways that are dysregulated due to loss of RKIP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan T Keller
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109-0940, USA.
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21
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Keller ET, Fu Z, Brennan M. The role of Raf kinase inhibitor protein (RKIP) in health and disease. Biochem Pharmacol 2004; 68:1049-53. [PMID: 15313400 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2004.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2004] [Accepted: 04/22/2004] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Raf kinase inhibitor protein (RKIP) is a member of the phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein (PEBP) family. RKIP plays a pivotal modulatory role in several protein kinase signaling cascades. RKIP binds inhibits Raf-1-mediated phosphorylation of MEK through binding to Raf-1. Protein kinase C (PKC) phosphorylates RKIP, resulting in release of Raf-1 and activation of MEK and ERK. The phosphorylated RKIP binds to and inhibits G-protein-coupled receptor kinase, resulting in sustained G-protein signaling. The regulatory role that RKIP has in cell signaling is reflected in its role in physiology and pathophysiology. RKIP is involved in neural development, cardiac function and spermatogenesis and appears to have serine protease activity. In addition to its roles in physiology, dysregulated RKIP expression has the potential to contribute to pathophysiological processes including Alzheimer's disease and diabetic nephropathy. RKIP has been shown to fit the criteria of being a metastasis suppressor gene, including having decreased expression in prostate cancer metastases and restoring RKIP expression in a prostate cancer cell line diminishes metastasis in a murine model. Clearly, RKIP has multiple molecular and cellular functions. In this review, RKIP's molecular roles in intracellular signaling, its physiological functions and its role in disease are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan T Keller
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109, USA.
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22
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Tarka-Leeds DK, Suarez JD, Roberts NL, Rogers JM, Hardy MP, Klinefelter GR. Gestational exposure to ethane dimethanesulfonate permanently alters reproductive competence in the CD-1 mouse. Biol Reprod 2003; 69:959-67. [PMID: 12748126 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.103.017343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the adult mouse Leydig cell (LC) has been considered refractory to cytotoxic destruction by ethane dimethanesulfonate (EDS), the potential consequences of exposure during reproductive development in this species are unknown. Herein pregnant CD-1 mice were treated with 160 mg/kg on Gestation Days 11-17, and reproductive development in male offspring was evaluated. Prenatal administration of EDS compromised fetal testosterone (T) levels, compared with controls. EDS-exposed pups recovered their steroidogenic capacities after birth because T production by hCG-stimulated testis parenchyma from prepubertal male offspring was unchanged. However, prepubertal testes from prenatally exposed males contained seminiferous tubules (STs) devoid of germ cells, indicating a delay in spermatogenesis. In adults, some STs in exposed males still contained incomplete germ cell associations corroborating observed reductions in epididymal sperm reserves, fertility ratios, and litter size. Morphometry revealed an EDS-induced increase in interstitial area and a concomitant decrease in ST area, but stereology revealed an unexpected decrease in the number and size of the LCs per testis in exposed males. Paradoxically, there was an increase in both serum LH and T production by adult testis parenchyma, indicating that the LCs were hyperstimulated. These data demonstrate permanent lesions in LC development and spermatogenesis caused by prenatal exposure in mice. Thus, although adult mouse LCs are insensitive to EDS, EDS appears to have direct action on fetal LCs, resulting in abnormal testis development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana K Tarka-Leeds
- Curriculum in Toxicology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7270, USA
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23
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Dahl A, Eriksson PS, Persson AI, Karlsson G, Davidsson P, Ekman R, Westman-Brinkmalm A. Proteome analysis of conditioned medium from cultured adult hippocampal progenitors. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2003; 17:2195-2202. [PMID: 14515317 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.1183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
It is known that proliferation and survival of neural stem/progenitor cells in vitro not only depend on exogenous factors, but also on autocrine factors secreted into the conditioned medium. It is also well known that the identification of bioactive proteins secreted into the conditioned medium poses a substantial challenge. Recently, neural stem/progenitor cells were shown to secrete a survival factor, cystatin C, into the conditioned medium. Here, we demonstrate an approach to identify other low molecular weight proteins in conditioned medium from cultured adult rat hippocampal progenitor cells. A combination of preparative two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and mass spectrometry was utilized in the analysis. We were able to identify a number of proteins, which include Rho-guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitor 1, phosphatidylethanolamine binding protein (PEBP), also termed Raf-1 kinase interacting protein, polyubiquitin, immunophilin FK506 binding protein 12 (FKBP12) and cystatin C. The presence of PEBP and FKBP12 in conditioned medium was confirmed immunologically. All nestin-positive progenitor cells showed immunoreactivity for antibodies against PEBP and FKBP12. To our knowledge we are the first to use this preparative proteomic approach to search for stem cell factors in conditioned medium. The method could be used to identify novel bioactive proteins secreted by stem/progenitor cells in vitro. Identification of bioactive proteins in vitro is of potential importance for the understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of the cells in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Dahl
- Institute of Clinical Neuroscience, Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Mölndal, Göteborg University, 431 80 Mölndal, Sweden.
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24
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Hickox DM, Gibbs G, Morrison JR, Sebire K, Edgar K, Keah HH, Alter K, Loveland KL, Hearn MTW, de Kretser DM, O'Bryan MK. Identification of a novel testis-specific member of the phosphatidylethanolamine binding protein family, pebp-2. Biol Reprod 2002; 67:917-27. [PMID: 12193403 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.101.001446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The phosphatidylethanolamine binding proteins (pebps) are an evolutionarily conserved family of proteins recently implicated in mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathway regulation, where they are called raf kinase inhibitory proteins. Here, we describe the cloning, cellular localization, and partial characterization of a new member, pebp-2, with potential roles in male fertility. Expression data show that pebp-2 is a testis-specific 21-kDa protein found within late meiotic and haploid germ cells in a stage-specific pattern that is temporally distinct from that of pebp-1. Sequence analyses suggest that pebp-2 forms a distinct subset of the pebp family within mammals. Database analyses revealed the existence of a third subset. Analysis suggests that the specificity/regulation of the distinct pebps subsets is likely to be determined by the amino terminal 40 amino acids or the 3' untranslated region, where the majority of sequence differences occur. Protein homology modeling suggests that pebp-2 protein is, however, topologically similar to other pebps and composed of Greek key fold motifs, a dominant beta-sheet formed from five anti-parallel beta strands forming a shallow groove associated with a putative phosphatidylethanolamine binding site. The pebp-2 gene is intronless and data suggest that it is a retrogene derived from pebp-1. Further, pebp-2 colocalizes with members of the MAP kinase pathway in late spermatocytes and spermatids and on the midpiece of epididymal sperm. These data raise the possibility that pebp-2 is a novel participant in the MAP kinase signaling pathway, with a role in spermatogenesis or posttesticular sperm maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah M Hickox
- Monash Institute of Reproduction and Development, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
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25
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Kroslak T, Koch T, Kahl E, Höllt V. Human phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein facilitates heterotrimeric G protein-dependent signaling. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:39772-8. [PMID: 11514577 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m106991200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study we report that human phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein (hPBP) facilitates heterotrimeric G protein-coupled signaling. In Xenopus laevis oocytes, coexpression of hPBP with human mu opioid receptor, human delta opioid receptor, or human somatostatin receptor 2 evoked an agonist-induced increase in potassium conductance of G protein-activated inwardly rectifying potassium channels. This activation of heterotrimeric G protein signaling in oocytes could also be elicited by injection of bacterially overexpressed and purified hPBP. Stimulatory effect was pertussis toxin-sensitive and present even in the absence of coexpressed receptors. Additionally, an increase in G protein-mediated inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity, measured by the inhibition of forskolin-mediated cAMP accumulation, could be detected in HEK293 and NIH3T3 cells after expression of hPBP and in Xenopus oocytes after injection of hPBP. As [(35)S]guanosine 5'-3-O-(thio)triphosphate (GTPgammaS) binding to membranes prepared from hPBP-expressing cells was significantly elevated and recombinant hPBP dose-dependently stimulated [(35)S]GTPgammaS binding to native membranes, the results presented provide strong evidence that hPBP-induced effects are G protein-dependent. These data suggest a novel function of hPBP in regulating G protein and G protein-coupled receptor signaling in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kroslak
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Otto-von-Guericke University of Magdeburg, Leipzigerstrasse 44, D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany
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26
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Kuramitsu Y, Fujimoto M, Tanaka T, Ohata J, Nakamura K. Differential expression of phosphatidylethanol-amine-binding protein in rat hepatoma cell lines: analyses of tumor necrosis factor-alpha-resistant cKDH-8/11 and -sensitive KDH-8/YK cells by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2000; 21:660-4. [PMID: 10726774 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1522-2683(20000201)21:3<660::aid-elps660>3.0.co;2-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
To determine intracellular factors influencing the sensitivity of cancer cells to tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), we studied the expression of intracellular proteins in TNF-alpha-resistant cKDH-8/11 and -sensitive KDH-8/YK rat hepatoma cell lines using the technique of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE). From the 2-DE patterns, it was demonstrated that TNF-alpha-resistant cKDH-8/11 cells had increased levels of protein of molecular weight (Mr) 22 500 and isoelectric point (pI) 5.2, compared with TNF-alpha-sensitive KDH-8/YK cells. Therefore, we excised cyanogen bromide (CNBr) fragments of proteins in the spot for N-terminal sequencing. Microsequencing for the CNBr fragments identified the protein as rat phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein. These findings suggest that the intracellular phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein could be one of the factors responsible for the resistance of cKDH-8/11 cells to TNF-alpha-induced cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Kuramitsu
- Department of Biochemistry, Yamaguchi University School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
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27
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Ott DE, Coren LV, Johnson DG, Kane BP, Sowder RC, Kim YD, Fisher RJ, Zhou XZ, Lu KP, Henderson LE. Actin-binding cellular proteins inside human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Virology 2000; 266:42-51. [PMID: 10612659 DOI: 10.1006/viro.1999.0075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Host proteins are incorporated both on and inside human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) virions. To identify cellular proteins inside HIV-1, virion preparations were treated by a protease-digestion technique that removes external host proteins, allowing for the study of the proteins inside the virus. Treated HIV-1 preparations were analyzed by immunoblot, high-pressure liquid chromatography, and protein sequence analyses. These analyses identified several cellular proteins inside HIV-1: elongation factor 1alpha, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, HS-1, phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein, Pin1, Lck, Nm23-H1, and the C-terminal tail of CD43. Several of these proteins were found as fragments of their full-sized proteins that appear to be generated by our protease treatment of the virions, the HIV-1 protease, or a cellular protease. Recent advances in cell biology and biochemistry have identified some of these proteins as actin-binding proteins. These results support the hypothesis that actin filaments are incorporated into the virion and may provide additional clues for the understanding of the interaction between viral and cellular proteins during assembly and budding.
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Affiliation(s)
- D E Ott
- SAIC Frederick, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, 21702-1201, USA.
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