1
|
Transparent PC/PMMA Blends with Enhanced Mechanical Properties via Reactive Compounding of Functionalized Polymers. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 14:polym14010073. [PMID: 35012096 PMCID: PMC8747638 DOI: 10.3390/polym14010073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive compounding of terminally phenolic OH-functionalized polycarbonate (PC) with epoxy-functionalized polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) prepared by copolymerization with glycidyl methacrylate was investigated. It was spectroscopically demonstrated that a PC/PMMA copolymer was formed during the melt reaction of the functional groups. Zirconium acetylacetonate could catalytically accelerate this reaction. Correlations of the phenomenological (optical and mechanical) properties with the molecular level and mesoscopic (morphological) structure were discussed. By the investigated reactive compounding process, transparent PC/PMMA blends with two-phase morphologies were obtained in a continuous twin-screw extruder, which, for the first time, combined the high transmission of visible light with excellent mechanical performance (e.g., synergistically improved tensile and flexural strength and high scratch resistance). The transparency strongly depended on (a) the degree of functionalization in both PC and PMMA, (b) the presence of the catalyst, and (c) the residence time of the compounding process. The in-situ-formed PC/PMMA copolymer influenced the observed macroscopic properties by (a) a decrease in the interphase tension, leading to improved and stabilized phase dispersion, (b) the formation of a continuous gradient of the polymer composition and thus of the optical refractive indices in a diffuse mesoscopic interphase layer separating the PC and PMMA phases, and (c) an increase in the phase adhesion between PC and PMMA due to mechanical polymer chain entanglement in this interphase.
Collapse
|
2
|
Muzata TS, L JP, Bose S. Nanoparticles influence miscibility in LCST polymer blends: from fundamental perspective to current applications. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:20167-20188. [PMID: 32966418 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp01814g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Polymer blending is an effective method that can be used to fabricate new versatile materials with enhanced properties. The blending of two polymers can result in either a miscible or an immiscible polymer blend system. This present review provides an in-depth summary of the miscibility of LCST polymer blend systems, an area that has garnered much attention in the past few years. The initial discourse of the present review mainly focuses on process-induced changes in the miscibility of polymer blend systems, and how the preparation of polymer blends affects their final properties. This review further highlights how nanoparticles induce miscibility and describes the various methods that can be implemented to avoid nanoparticle aggregation. The concepts and different state-of-the-art experimental methods which can be used to determine miscibility in polymer blends are also highlighted. Lastly, the importance of studying miscible polymer blends is extensively explored by looking at their importance in barrier materials, EMI shielding, corrosion protection, light-emitting diodes, gas separation, and lithium battery applications. The primary goal of this review is to cover the journey from the fundamental aspects of miscible polymer blends to their applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanyaradzwa S Muzata
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
| | - Jagadeshvaran P L
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
| | - Suryasarathi Bose
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bubmann T, Seidel A, Altstädt V. Transparent PC/PMMA Blends Via Reactive Compatibilization in a Twin-Screw Extruder. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11122070. [PMID: 31842315 PMCID: PMC6960502 DOI: 10.3390/polym11122070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of different catalysts on reactive compatibilization of 50/50 polycarbonate (PC)/polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) blends achieved via transesterification that occurs during compounding in a twin-screw extruder was investigated on a phenomenological (optical and mechanical properties), mesoscopic (phase morphology), and molecular level (PC-graft(g)-PMMA-copolymer formation and polymer molecular weight degradation). Formation of PC-(g)-PMMA-copolymer by transesterification resulting in transparent mono-phase PC/PMMA blends with obviously improved compatibility of the two polymer constituents requires use of a suitable catalyst. As a side-effect, PC-(g)-PMMA-copolymer formation by transesterification is always accompanied by a significant simultaneous decomposition of the molecular weight (Mw) of the PC. For the first time, a colorless, transparent (mono-phase) PC/PMMA 50/50 blend was achieved by a twin-screw extrusion process that can be easily transferred into industrial scale. To achieve this milestone, 0.05 wt% of a weakly acidic phosphonium salt catalyst had to be applied. As a result of the decrease in Mw of the PC, the mechanical properties (e.g., tensile strain at break and impact strength) of the obtained blends were significantly deteriorated rather than improved as targeted by the polymer compatibilization; therefore, the produced transparent PC/PMMA blends are considered not yet technically suitable for any industrial applications. Different manufacturing process strategies that do not inherently result in PC degradation as a side effect of PC-graft(g)-PMMA-copolymer formation have to be developed to potentially achieve transparent PC/PMMA blends with a useful balance of properties. Based on the experimental observations of this study, a new mechanism of the transesterification reaction occurring during reactive compounding of PC and PMMA in the presence of the effective catalysts is proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Bubmann
- Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, Bayreuth 95447, Germany;
| | - Andreas Seidel
- Covestro Deutschland AG, Business Unit Polycarbonates, Research & Development, Development Blends, Leverkusen 51365, Germany;
| | - Volker Altstädt
- Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, Bayreuth 95447, Germany;
- Bavarian Polymer Institute and Bayreuth Institute of Macromolecular Research; University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, Bayreuth 95447, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)-921-55-7471
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Approaches to Suppress CO2-Induced Plasticization of Polyimide Membranes in Gas Separation Applications. Processes (Basel) 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/pr7010051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyimides with excellent physicochemical properties have aroused a great deal of interest as gas separation membranes; however, the severe performance decay due to CO2-induced plasticization remains a challenge. Fortunately, in recent years, advanced plasticization-resistant membranes of great commercial and environmental relevance have been developed. In this review, we investigate the mechanism of plasticization due to CO2 permeation, introduce effective methods to suppress CO2-induced plasticization, propose evaluation criteria to assess the reduced plasticization performance, and clarify typical methods used for designing anti-plasticization membranes.
Collapse
|
5
|
Choi EY, Nam JU, Hong SH, Kim CK. Characteristics of Polycarbonate Composites with Poly(methyl methacrylate) Grafted Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. Macromol Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-018-6022-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
6
|
Panapitiya N, Wijenayake S, Nguyen D, Karunaweera C, Huang Y, Balkus K, Musselman I, Ferraris J. Compatibilized Immiscible Polymer Blends for Gas Separations. MATERIALS 2016; 9:ma9080643. [PMID: 28773766 PMCID: PMC5509093 DOI: 10.3390/ma9080643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Membrane-based gas separation has attracted a great deal of attention recently due to the requirement for high purity gasses in industrial applications like fuel cells, and because of environment concerns, such as global warming. The current methods of cryogenic distillation and pressure swing adsorption are energy intensive and costly. Therefore, polymer membranes have emerged as a less energy intensive and cost effective candidate to separate gas mixtures. However, the use of polymeric membranes has a drawback known as the permeability-selectivity tradeoff. Many approaches have been used to overcome this limitation including the use of polymer blends. Polymer blending technology synergistically combines the favorable properties of different polymers like high gas permeability and high selectivity, which are difficult to attain with a single polymer. During polymer mixing, polymers tend to uncontrollably phase separate due to unfavorable thermodynamics, which limits the number of completely miscible polymer combinations for gas separations. Therefore, compatibilizers are used to control the phase separation and to obtain stable membrane morphologies, while improving the mechanical properties. In this review, we focus on immiscible polymer blends and the use of compatibilizers for gas separation applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nimanka Panapitiya
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Rd, Richardson, TX 75080-3021, USA.
| | - Sumudu Wijenayake
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Rd, Richardson, TX 75080-3021, USA.
| | - Do Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Rd, Richardson, TX 75080-3021, USA.
| | - Chamaal Karunaweera
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Rd, Richardson, TX 75080-3021, USA.
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Rd, Richardson, TX 75080-3021, USA.
| | - Kenneth Balkus
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Rd, Richardson, TX 75080-3021, USA.
| | - Inga Musselman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Rd, Richardson, TX 75080-3021, USA.
| | - John Ferraris
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Rd, Richardson, TX 75080-3021, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
He H, Chen S, Bai J, Zheng H, Wu B, Ma M, Shi Y, Wang X. High transparency and toughness PMMA nanocomposites toughened by self-assembled 3D loofah-like gel networks: fabrication, mechanism, and insight into the in situ polymerization process. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra02723g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel transparent PMMA composites were toughened with 3D loofah-like gel networks obtained via in situ polymerization of methyl methacrylate gel with POSS-based supramolecular POSS-Lys(BOC) gelators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huiwen He
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou 310014
- China
| | - Si Chen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou 310014
- China
| | - Jun Bai
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou 310014
- China
| | - Haiming Zheng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou 310014
- China
| | - Bozhen Wu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou 310014
- China
| | - Meng Ma
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou 310014
- China
| | - Yanqin Shi
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou 310014
- China
| | - Xu Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou 310014
- China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sako T, Nobukawa S, Yamaguchi M. Surface localization of poly(methyl methacrylate) in a miscible blend with polycarbonate. Polym J 2015. [DOI: 10.1038/pj.2015.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
9
|
The effects of intramolecular interactions of random copolymers on the phase behavior of polymer mixtures. Macromol Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03218296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
10
|
Li J, Zhang Y, Jiacuo Y, Shang Y, Huo H, Jiang S. Miscibility and rheologically determined phase diagram of poly(ethylene oxide)/poly(ε-caprolactone) blends. Polym Bull (Berl) 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-011-0678-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
11
|
Madaeni SS, Farhadian A, Vatanpour V. Effects of phase inversion and composition of casting solution on morphology and gas permeance of polyethersulfone/polyimide blend membranes. ADVANCES IN POLYMER TECHNOLOGY 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/adv.20253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
12
|
Kung G, Jiang LY, Wang Y, Chung TS. Asymmetric hollow fibers by polyimide and polybenzimidazole blends for toluene/iso-octane separation. J Memb Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2010.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
13
|
Im HG, Ka KR, Kim CK. Characteristics of Polyurethane Elastomer Blends with Poly(acrylonitrile-co-butadiene) Rubber as an Encapsulant for Underwater Sonar Devices. Ind Eng Chem Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ie100975n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. G. Im
- School of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, Chung-Ang University, 221 Huksuk-dong. Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 156-756, Korea
| | - K. R. Ka
- School of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, Chung-Ang University, 221 Huksuk-dong. Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 156-756, Korea
| | - C. K. Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, Chung-Ang University, 221 Huksuk-dong. Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 156-756, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Song KW, Ka KR, Kim CK. Changes in Gas-Transport Properties with the Phase Structure of Blends Containing Styrene−Butadiene−Styrene Triblock Copolymer and Poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide). Ind Eng Chem Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ie100565q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. W. Song
- School of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, Chung-Ang University, 221 Huksuk-Dong, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul 156-756, Korea
| | - K. R. Ka
- School of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, Chung-Ang University, 221 Huksuk-Dong, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul 156-756, Korea
| | - C. K. Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, Chung-Ang University, 221 Huksuk-Dong, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul 156-756, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Im H, Kim H, Kim CK, Kim J. Enhancement of Gas Selectivities of Hexafluoroisopropylidene-Based Polyimides with Poly(Methylmethacrylate) Blending. Ind Eng Chem Res 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/ie900643p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyungu Im
- School of Chemical Engineering & Material Science, Chung-Ang University, 221 Heusksuk-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 156-756, Korea
| | - Hyomi Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering & Material Science, Chung-Ang University, 221 Heusksuk-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 156-756, Korea
| | - Chang Keun Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering & Material Science, Chung-Ang University, 221 Heusksuk-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 156-756, Korea
| | - Jooheon Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering & Material Science, Chung-Ang University, 221 Heusksuk-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 156-756, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Hosseini SS, Chung TS. Carbon membranes from blends of PBI and polyimides for N2/CH4 and CO2/CH4 separation and hydrogen purification. J Memb Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2008.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
17
|
Hosseini SS, Teoh MM, Chung TS. Hydrogen separation and purification in membranes of miscible polymer blends with interpenetration networks. POLYMER 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2008.01.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
18
|
Patrício P, de Sales J, Silva G, Windmöller D, Machado J. Effect of blend composition on microstructure, morphology, and gas permeability in PU/PMMA blends. J Memb Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2005.06.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
19
|
Queiroz DP, Gonçalves MC, de Pinho MN. Tailoring of phase-segregation structures in two-soft-segment urethane/urea polymer membranes. J Appl Polym Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/app.23876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
20
|
Kim J, Kim C. Ultrafiltration membranes prepared from blends of polyethersulfone and poly(1-vinylpyrrolidone-co-styrene) copolymers. J Memb Sci 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2005.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
21
|
New miscible blends composed of polysulfone and poly(1-vinylpyrrolidone-co-acrylonitrile) copolymers and their phase behavior. POLYMER 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2005.03.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
22
|
Stephen R, Thomas S, Joseph K. Gas permeation studies of natural rubber and carboxylated styrene-butadiene rubber latex membranes. J Appl Polym Sci 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/app.22075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
23
|
Tiemblo P, Guzmán J, Riande E, Fernández A, Bosch P. Gas transport properties in chlorosulfonated polyethylene-acrylate based adhesives. POLYM ENG SCI 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.11017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
24
|
Kim JH, Whang MS, Kim CK. Novel Miscible Blends Composed of Poly(ether sulfone) and Poly(1-vinylpyrrolidone-co-styrene) Copolymers and Their Interaction Energies. Macromolecules 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/ma0356156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. H. Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 221 Huksuk-Dong, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul, 156-756, Korea
| | - M. S. Whang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 221 Huksuk-Dong, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul, 156-756, Korea
| | - C. K. Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 221 Huksuk-Dong, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul, 156-756, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Yoo JE, Kim CK. Miscibility of DMPC-TMPC copolycarbonate/SMMA copolymer blends and their interaction energies of binary pairs involved in blends. POLYM INT 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.1586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
26
|
Kim Y, Yoo J, Kim C. Miscibility of copolycarbonate blends with poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) copolymer and their interaction energies. POLYMER 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-3861(03)00517-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
27
|
Kim JH, Kim CK. Changes in the interfacial properties of PC/SAN blends with compatibilizer. J Appl Polym Sci 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/app.12287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
28
|
Molecular dynamics and thermal analysis study of anomalous thermodynamic behavior of poly (ether imide)/polycarbonate blends. POLYMER 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-3861(03)00054-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
29
|
Kapantaidakis G, Koops G. High flux polyethersulfone–polyimide blend hollow fiber membranes for gas separation. J Memb Sci 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0376-7388(02)00030-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
30
|
Moon E, Yoo J, Choi H, Kim C. Gas transport and thermodynamic properties of PMMA/PVME blends containing PS-b-PMMA as a compatibilizer. J Memb Sci 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0376-7388(02)00051-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
31
|
Qian JW, Chen HL, Zhang L, Qin SH, Wang M. Effect of compatibility of cellulose acetate/poly(vinyl butyral) blends on pervaporation behavior of their membranes for methanol/methyltert-butyl ether mixture. J Appl Polym Sci 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/app.10222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
32
|
Li XG, Kresse I, Springer J, Nissen J, Yang YL. Morphology and gas permselectivity of blend membranes of polyvinylpyridine with ethylcellulose. POLYMER 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-3861(01)00057-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
33
|
Sheares VV, Wu L, Li Y, Emmick TK. Polar, functionalized diene-based material. III. Free-radical polymerization of 2-[(N,N-dialkylamino)methyl]-1,3-butadienes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/1099-0518(20001115)38:22<4070::aid-pola70>3.0.co;2-p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|