1
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Höger S, Lupton JM. From π-Conjugated Rods to Shape-Persistent Rings, Wheels, and Ladders: The Question of Rigidity. Acc Chem Res 2024; 57:2561-2571. [PMID: 39150763 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.4c00383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
ConspectusRigid-rod oligomers and polymers are mostly based on (hetero)aromatic rings connected with each other, either directly or via ethynylene or butadiynylene linkers, or by a combination of both structural elements. Although they are much more rigid than vinyl polymers, they exhibit considerable structural flexibility, often more than would be expected merely from their chemical structure. This disparity holds for both linear as well as for cyclic structures. The flexibility of rigid-rod polymers, which is directly observable for defined oligomers of different lengths at the solid-liquid interface by means of scanning-tunneling microscopy, also impacts their optical and electronic properties. The flexibility can be used, for example, to control whether an oligomer with two different fluorescent end-groups emits from either the one or the other. The flexibility of shape-persistent macrocycles also has an impact on the overall thermal stability of mechanically interlocked molecular architectures. However, the degree of flexibility can be reduced when rigid struts are covalently mounted into the inside of the rings, leading to the formation of so-called molecular spoked wheels. The combination of these two elements─rings and rods─stiffens both of them: the ring perimeter is prevented from collapsing and the internal rods from bending. These compounds have been further developed as platform molecules, where three spokes stiffen the ring and together form a tripod-like platform, while a fourth arm points─after adsorption to a solid substrate─above the plane of the molecule. This pillar makes it possible to decouple a functional group at the end of the arm from the surface. Rigidity enhancement by the introduction of rigid spacer elements can also be applied to the case of rigid-rod polymers and is visualized by sophisticated molecular dynamics simulations. In this case, formation of single-stranded oligomers and polymers, and a subsequent zipping reaction to form ladder-like structures, directly allows, by means of single-molecule fluorescence spectroscopy, a comparison of the single- and double-stranded molecules. In particular in the case of the polymers, which can be up to 100 nm in length, the enhancement of rigidity is quite remarkable. Overall, the covalent connection of two or more rigid molecular entities has a self-reinforcing effect: all parts of the molecule gain rigidity. Since overall synthetic yields for such complex high-molecular weight covalently bound shape-persistent structures can still be low, scanning tunneling microscopy and single-molecule fluorescence spectroscopy are the methods of choice for structural analyses. Preliminary results illustrate how these compounds can serve as versatile sources of deterministic single photons on demand, since rigidity also enhances the intramolecular flow of excitation energy, and suggest a range of applications in optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigurd Höger
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - John M Lupton
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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2
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Ayuso-Carrillo J, Fina F, Galleposo EC, Ferreira RR, Mondal PK, Ward BD, Bonifazi D. One-Step Catalyst-Transfer Macrocyclization: Expanding the Chemical Space of Azaparacyclophanes. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:16440-16457. [PMID: 38848549 PMCID: PMC11191698 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c02319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
In this paper, we report on a one-step catalyst-transfer macrocyclization (CTM) reaction, based on the Pd-catalyzed Buchwald-Hartwig cross-coupling reaction, selectively affording only cyclic structures. This route offers a versatile and efficient approach to synthesize aza[1n]paracyclophanes (APCs) featuring diverse functionalities and lumens. The method operates at mild reaction temperatures (40 °C) and short reaction times (∼2 h), delivering excellent isolated yields (>75% macrocycles) and up to 30% of a 6-membered cyclophane, all under nonhigh-dilution concentrations (35-350 mM). Structural insights into APCs reveal variations in product distribution based on different endocyclic substituents, with steric properties of exocyclic substituents having minimal influence on the macrocyclization. Aryl-type endocyclic substituents predominantly yield 6-membered macrocycles, while polycyclic aromatic units such as fluorene and carbazole favor 4-membered species. Experimental and computational studies support a proposed mechanism of ring-walking catalyst transfer that promotes the macrocycle formation. It has been found that the macrocyclization is driven by the formation of cyclic conformers during the oligomerization step favoring an intramolecular C-N bond formation that, depending on the cycle size, hinges on either preorganization effect or kinetic increase of the reductive elimination step or a combination of the two. The CTM process exhibits a "living" behavior, facilitating sequential synthesis of other macrocycles by introducing relevant monomers, thus providing a practical synthetic platform for chemical libraries. Notably, CTM operates both under diluted and concentrated regimes, offering scalability potential, unlike typical macrocyclization reactions usually operating in the 0.1-1 mM range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josue Ayuso-Carrillo
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 38, Vienna A-1090, Austria
| | - Federica Fina
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 38, Vienna A-1090, Austria
| | - El Czar Galleposo
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 38, Vienna A-1090, Austria
| | - Rúben R. Ferreira
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 38, Vienna A-1090, Austria
| | - Pradip Kumar Mondal
- Elettra
Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Strada Statale 14−km 163, 5 in Area Science
Park, Basovizza, Trieste 34149, Italy
| | - Benjamin D. Ward
- School
of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, U.K.
| | - Davide Bonifazi
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 38, Vienna A-1090, Austria
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3
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Liu W, Zhang H, Liang S, Wang T, He S, Hu Y, Zhang R, Ning H, Ren J, Bakulin A, Gao F, Yuan J, Zou Y. The Synthesis of a Multiple D-A Conjugated Macrocycle and Its Application in Organic Photovoltaic. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202311645. [PMID: 37819601 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202311645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
As a novel class of materials, D-A conjugated macrocycles hold significant promise for chemical science. However, their potential in photovoltaic remains largely untapped due to the complexity of introducing multiple donor and acceptor moieties into the design and synthesis of cyclic π-conjugated molecules. Here, we report a multiple D-A ring-like conjugated molecule (RCM) via the coupling of dimer molecule DBTP-C3 as a template and thiophenes in high yields. RCM exhibits a narrow optical gap (1.33 eV) and excellent thermal stability, and shows a remarkable photoluminescence yield (ΦPL ) of 11.1 % in solution, much higher than non-cyclic analogues. Organic solar cell (OSC) constructed with RCM as electron acceptor shows efficient charge separation at donor-acceptor band offsets and achieves a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 14.2 %-approximately fourfold higher than macrocycle-based OSCs reported so far. This is partly due to low non-radiative voltage loss down to 0.20 eV and a high electroluminescence yield (ΦEL ) of 4×10-4 . Our findings emphasize the potential of D-A cyclic conjugated molecules in advancing organic photovoltaic technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, 410083, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Huotian Zhang
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, SE-581 83, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Songting Liang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, 410083, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Tong Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, W12 0BZ, London, United Kingdom
| | - Siqing He
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, 410083, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Yunbin Hu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, 410083, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, SE-581 83, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Haoqing Ning
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, W12 0BZ, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jie Ren
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, International Research Center for X Pol-ymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Artem Bakulin
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, W12 0BZ, London, United Kingdom
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, SE-581 83, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Jun Yuan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, 410083, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Yingping Zou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, 410083, Changsha, P. R. China
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4
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Li P, Jia Y, Chen P. Design and Synthesis of New Type of Macrocyclic Architectures Used for Optoelectronic Materials and Supramolecular Chemistry. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202300300. [PMID: 37439485 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202300300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Supramolecular chemistry has received much attention for decades. Macrocyclic architectures as representative receptors play a vital role in supramolecular chemistry and are applied in many fields such as supramolecular assembly and host-guest recognition. However, the classical macrocycles generally lack functional groups in the scaffolds, which limit their further applications, especially in optoelectronic materials. Therefore, developing a new design principle is not only essential to better understand macrocyclic chemistry and the supramolecular behaviors, but also further expand their applications in many research fields. In recent years, the doping compounds with main-group heteroatoms (B, N, S, O, P) into the carbon-based π-conjugated macrocycles offered a new strategy to build macrocyclic architectures with unique optoelectronic properties. In particular, the energy gaps and redox behavior can be effectively tuned by incorporating heteroatoms into the macrocyclic scaffolds. In this Minireview, we briefly summarize the design and synthesis of new macrocycles, and further discuss the related applications in optoelectronic materials and supramolecular chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Li
- School of Chemistry and Material Engineering, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, 467036, Henan Province, P. R. China
| | - Yawei Jia
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, P. R. China
| | - Pangkuan Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, P. R. China
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5
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Urushibara K, Ferrand Y, Liu Z, Katagiri K, Kawahata M, Morvan E, D'Elia R, Pophristic V, Tanatani A, Huc I. Accessing Improbable Foldamer Shapes with Strained Macrocycles. Chemistry 2021; 27:11205-11215. [PMID: 33905165 PMCID: PMC8453500 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The alkylation of some secondary amide functions with a dimethoxybenzyl (DMB) group in oligomers of 8-amino-2-quinolinecarboxylic acid destabilizes the otherwise favored helical conformations, and allows for cyclization to take place. A cyclic hexamer and a cyclic heptamer were produced in this manner. After DMB removal, X-ray crystallography and NMR show that the macrocycles adopt strained conformations that would be improbable in noncyclic species. The high helix folding propensity of the main chain is partly expressed in these conformations, but it remains frustrated by macrocyclization. Despite being homomeric, the macrocycles possess inequivalent monomer units. Experimental and computational studies highlight specific fluxional pathways within these structures. Extensive simulated annealing molecular dynamics allow for the prediction of the conformations for larger macrocycles with up to sixteen monomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ko Urushibara
- Department of ChemistryFaculty of ScienceOchanomizu University2-1-1 Otsuka, Bunkyo-kuTokyo112-8610Japan
- CBMN (UMR 5248)Université de BordeauxCNRSBordeaux Institut National Polytechnique2 rue Robert Escarpit33600PessacFrance
| | - Yann Ferrand
- CBMN (UMR 5248)Université de BordeauxCNRSBordeaux Institut National Polytechnique2 rue Robert Escarpit33600PessacFrance
| | - Zhiwei Liu
- Department of Chemistry & BiochemistryUniversity of the Sciences600 South 43rd StreetPhiladelphiaPA19104USA
| | - Kosuke Katagiri
- Department of ChemistryFaculty of Science and EngineeringKonan University8-9-1 Okamoto, Higashinada-kuKobe658-8501Japan
| | - Masatoshi Kawahata
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesShowa Pharmaceutical University3-3165 Higashi-TamagawagakuenMachidaTokyo194-8543Japan
| | - Estelle Morvan
- IECB (UMS3033/US001)Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM2 rue Robert Escarpit33600PessacFrance
| | - Ryan D'Elia
- Department of Chemistry & BiochemistryUniversity of the Sciences600 South 43rd StreetPhiladelphiaPA19104USA
| | - Vojislava Pophristic
- Department of Chemistry & BiochemistryUniversity of the Sciences600 South 43rd StreetPhiladelphiaPA19104USA
| | - Aya Tanatani
- Department of ChemistryFaculty of ScienceOchanomizu University2-1-1 Otsuka, Bunkyo-kuTokyo112-8610Japan
| | - Ivan Huc
- CBMN (UMR 5248)Université de BordeauxCNRSBordeaux Institut National Polytechnique2 rue Robert Escarpit33600PessacFrance
- Department of Pharmacy and Center for Integrated Protein ScienceLudwig-Maximilians-UniversitätButenandtstr. 5–1381377MünchenGermany
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6
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Bannwart LM, Müntener T, Rickhaus M, Jundt L, Häussinger D, Mayor M. Bicyclic Phenyl-Ethynyl Architectures: Synthesis of a 1,4-Bis(phenylbuta-1,3-diyn-1-yl) Benzene Banister. Chemistry 2021; 27:6295-6307. [PMID: 33502051 PMCID: PMC8048618 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202005207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The novel diacetylene bridged terphenylic macrocycle 1 is presented and discussed in the context of rotationally restricted "Geländer" oligomers. The 1,4-bis(phenylbuta-1,3-diyn-1-yl) benzene bridge of diacetylene 1 is significantly longer than its terphenyl backbone, forcing the bridge to bend around the central pylon. The synthesis of molecule 1 is based to a large extent on acetylene scaffolding strategies, profiting from orthogonal alkyne protection groups to close both macrocyclic subunits by oxidative acetylene coupling sequentially. The spatial arrangement and the dynamic enantiomerization process of the bicyclic target structure 1 are analyzed. In-depth NMR investigations not only reveal an unexpected spatial arrangement with both oligomer strands bent alongside the backbone, but also display the limited stability of the model compound in the presence of molecular oxygen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Maria Bannwart
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of BaselSt. Johanns-Ring 194056BaselSwitzerland
| | - Thomas Müntener
- BiozentrumUniversity of BaselKlingelbergstrasse 704056BaselSwitzerland
| | - Michel Rickhaus
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of ZurichWinterthurerstrasse 1908057ZurichSwitzerland
| | - Lukas Jundt
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of BaselSt. Johanns-Ring 194056BaselSwitzerland
| | - Daniel Häussinger
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of BaselSt. Johanns-Ring 194056BaselSwitzerland
| | - Marcel Mayor
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of BaselSt. Johanns-Ring 194056BaselSwitzerland
- Institute for Nanotechnology (INT)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)P. O. Box 364076021KarlsruheGermany
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials (LIFM)School of ChemistrySun Yat-Sen University (SYSU)Guangzhou510275P. R. China
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7
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Zhu K, Kamochi K, Kodama T, Tobisu M, Amaya T. Chiral cyclic [ n]spirobifluorenylenes: carbon nanorings consisting of helically arranged quaterphenyl rods illustrating partial units of woven patterns. Chem Sci 2020; 11:9604-9610. [PMID: 34094226 PMCID: PMC8161682 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc02452j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chiral cyclic [n]spirobifluorenylenes consisting of helically arranged quaterphenyl rods, illustrating partial units of woven patterns, were designed and synthesized as a new family of carbon nanorings. The synthesis was accomplished by the Ni(0)-mediated Yamamoto-coupling of chiral spirobifluorene building blocks. The structures of the cyclic 3-, 4-, and 5-mers were determined by X-ray crystallographic analysis. These carbon nanorings exhibited a strong violet colored emission with high quantum yields in solution (95%, 93%, and 94% for 3-, 4-, and 5-mer, respectively). Other spectroscopic properties, including their chiroptical properties, were also investigated. The g-values for circularly polarized luminescence were found to be in the order of 10−3. Characteristic spiroconjugation induced by multiple (≧3) bifluorenyl units, for example the even-odd effect of the number of units in the matching of the signs of the orbitals, was also indicated by DFT calculations. Chiral cyclic [n]spirobifluorenylenes consisting of helically arranged quaterphenyl rods, illustrating partial units of woven patterns, were designed and synthesized as a new family of carbon nanorings.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaige Zhu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Kosuke Kamochi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Takuya Kodama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Mamoru Tobisu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Toru Amaya
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
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8
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Sengupta S, Mehta G. Macrocyclization via C-H functionalization: a new paradigm in macrocycle synthesis. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:1851-1876. [PMID: 32101232 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob02765c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The growing emphasis on macrocycles in engaging difficult therapeutic targets such as protein-protein interactions and GPCRs via preferential adaptation of bioactive and cell penetrating conformations has provided impetus to the search for de novo macrocyclization strategies that are efficient, chemically robust and amenable to diversity creation. An emerging macrocyclization paradigm based on the C-H activation logic, of particular promise in the macrocyclization of complex peptides, has added a new dimension to this pursuit, enabling efficacious access to macrocycles of various sizes and topologies with high atom and step economy. Significant achievements in macrocyclization methodologies and their applications in the synthesis of bioactive natural products and drug-like molecules, employing strategic variations of C-H activation are captured in this review. It is expected that this timely account will foster interest in newer ways of macrocycle construction among practitioners of organic synthesis and chemical biology to advance the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saumitra Sengupta
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad-5000 046, Telengana, India.
| | - Goverdhan Mehta
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad-5000 046, Telengana, India.
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9
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Gruschwitz FV, Klein T, Catrouillet S, Brendel JC. Supramolecular polymer bottlebrushes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:5079-5110. [PMID: 32347854 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc01202e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The field of supramolecular chemistry has long been known to generate complex materials of different sizes and shapes via the self-assembly of single or multiple low molar mass building blocks. Matching the complexity found in natural assemblies, however, remains a long-term challenge considering its precision in organizing large macromolecules into well-defined nanostructures. Nevertheless, the increasing understanding of supramolecular chemistry has paved the way to several attempts in arranging synthetic macromolecules into larger ordered structures based on non-covalent forces. This review is a first attempt to summarize the developments in this field, which focus mainly on the formation of one-dimensional, linear, cylindrical aggregates in solution with pendant polymer chains - therefore coined supramolecular polymer bottlebrushes in accordance with their covalent equivalents. Distinguishing by the different supramolecular driving forces, we first describe systems based on π-π interactions, which comprise, among others, the well-known perylene motif, but also the early attempts using cyclophanes. However, the majority of reported supramolecular polymer bottlebrushes are formed by hydrogen bonds as they can for example be found in linear and cyclic peptides, as well as so called sticker molecules containing multiple urea groups. Besides this overview on the reported motifs and their impact on the resulting morphology of the polymer nanostructures, we finally highlight the potential benefits of such non-covalent interactions and refer to promising future directions of this still mostly unrecognized field of supramolecular research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franka V Gruschwitz
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743 Jena, Germany.
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10
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Izumi S, Higginbotham HF, Nyga A, Stachelek P, Tohnai N, Silva PD, Data P, Takeda Y, Minakata S. Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescent Donor–Acceptor–Donor–Acceptor π-Conjugated Macrocycle for Organic Light-Emitting Diodes. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:1482-1491. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b11578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Aleksandra Nyga
- Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, M. Strzody 9, Gliwice 44-100, Poland
| | - Patrycja Stachelek
- Physics Department, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | | | - Piotr de Silva
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark, Anker Engelunds Vej 301, Kongens Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| | - Przemyslaw Data
- Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, M. Strzody 9, Gliwice 44-100, Poland
- Physics Department, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
- Center of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, M. Curie-Sklodowskiej 34, Zabrze 41-819, Poland
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11
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Kim S, Castillo HD, Lee M, Mortensen RD, Tait SL, Lee D. From Foldable Open Chains to Shape-Persistent Macrocycles: Synthesis, Impact on 2D Ordering, and Stimulated Self-Assembly. J Am Chem Soc 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b01805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soobin Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Henry D. Castillo
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Milim Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Riley D. Mortensen
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Steven L. Tait
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Dongwhan Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea
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12
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Sakamaki D, Ito A, Tsutsui Y, Seki S. Tetraaza[14]- and Octaaza[18]paracyclophane: Synthesis and Characterization of Their Neutral and Cationic States. J Org Chem 2017; 82:13348-13358. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b02437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Sakamaki
- Department of Molecular Engineering,
Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Akihiro Ito
- Department of Molecular Engineering,
Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yusuke Tsutsui
- Department of Molecular Engineering,
Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Shu Seki
- Department of Molecular Engineering,
Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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13
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Iritani K, Ikeda M, Yang A, Tahara K, Hirose K, Moore JS, Tobe Y. Hexagonal Molecular Tiling by Hexagonal Macrocycles at the Liquid/Solid Interface: Structural Effects on Packing Geometry. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:12453-12462. [PMID: 28968503 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b03007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We present here hexagonal tiling using hexagonal phenylene-ethynylene and phenylene-butadiynylene macrocycles attached by alkyl ester groups, PEM-C6 and PBM-C8, respectively, or triethylene glycol ester groups, PEM-TEG and PBM-TEG, respectively, at each vertex of the macrocyclic periphery at the liquid/solid interface. In this study, we focused on the effects of macrocyclic core size and the chemical properties of side chains attached to macrocyclic cores as well as solute concentrations on the hexagonal geometry of self-assembled monolayers. STM observations at the 1,2,4-trichrolobenzene/graphite interface revealed that PEM-C6 formed a honeycomb structure by van der Waals interactions between the interdigitated alkyl chains. However, upon increasing solute concentration, it changed to more dense hexagonal structure (tentatively called loose hexagonal structure I). In contrast, PBM-C8 formed loose hexagonal structure II of a slightly different packing mode at low concentration, while at high concentration it formed a high-density hexagonal structure in which alkyl chains are not adsorbed on the surface (dense hexagonal structure). In the dense hexagonal structure, macrocyclic cores are linked by hydrogen bonds between the ester carbonyl oxygen and the aromatic hydrogen atoms of the neighboring macrocycles. The packing geometries of loose hexagonal structures of PEM-C6 and PBM-C8 are different due to the different distance between the attachment of the alkyl ester groups which are located in confined space. On the other hand, PEM-TEG and PBM-TEG formed dense hexagonal structures, similar to PBM-C8 at high concentration, with their TEG units not adsorbed on the surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Iritani
- Division of Frontier Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University , Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Motoki Ikeda
- Division of Frontier Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University , Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Anna Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Kazukuni Tahara
- Division of Frontier Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University , Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Meiji University , Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
| | - Keiji Hirose
- Division of Frontier Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University , Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Jeffrey S Moore
- Department of Chemistry and Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Yoshito Tobe
- Division of Frontier Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University , Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University , 8-1, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki Osaka 567-0047, Japan
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14
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Idelson A, Sterzenbach C, Jester SS, Tschierske C, Baumeister U, Höger S. A Liquid-Crystalline Phenylene-Based Shape-Persistent Molecular Spoked Wheel. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:4429-4434. [PMID: 28248519 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b13020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Molecular spoked wheels with an all-phenylene backbone and different alkoxy side chain substitution patterns were synthesized using a cobalt-catalyzed [2 + 2 + 2] cycloaddition and subsequent template-directed cyclization via Yamamoto coupling. The two-dimensional organization of the molecules at the solid/liquid interface was investigated by means of scanning tunneling microscopy, allowing imaging of the molecular structure with submolecular resolution. With the right proportion of the flexible alkyl corona to the rigid core, mesomorphic behavior of one compound could be observed over a wide temperature range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alissa Idelson
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Rheinische Friedrichs-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn , Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Christopher Sterzenbach
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Rheinische Friedrichs-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn , Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan-S Jester
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Rheinische Friedrichs-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn , Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Carsten Tschierske
- Institut für Chemie, Organische Chemie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg , Kurt-Mothes-Strasse 2, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Ute Baumeister
- Institut für Chemie, Physikalische Chemie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg , Von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Sigurd Höger
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Rheinische Friedrichs-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn , Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
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15
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Delbosc N, De Winter J, Moins S, Persoons A, Dubois P, Coulembier O. Macrocyclic P3HT Obtained by Intramolecular McMurry Coupling of Linear Bis-Aldehyde Polymer: A Direct Comparison with Linear Homologue. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b02599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - André Persoons
- Laboratory
of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, Box 2425, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Philippe Dubois
- National
Composite Center-Luxembourg, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 4 rue Bommel, L-4940 Hautcharage, Luxembourg
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16
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Tanimoto H, Fujiwara T, Mori J, Nagao T, Nishiyama Y, Morimoto T, Ito S, Tanaka K, Chujo Y, Kakiuchi K. Extended germa[N]pericyclynes: synthesis and characterization. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:2281-2288. [PMID: 28133678 DOI: 10.1039/c6dt04633a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We herein describe the syntheses and characterization of extended germa[N]pericyclynes, which are macrocycles composed of germanium-butadiyne units. The obtained novel extended germa[4]-[8]pericyclynes were characterized by X-ray crystallography, UV-Vis spectroscopy, fluorescence and phosphorescence emission spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry, and exhibited characteristic absorptions and emissions. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations suggested smaller HOMO-LUMO gap energy compared to that of general germapericyclynes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Tanimoto
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayamacho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan.
| | - Taro Fujiwara
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayamacho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan.
| | - Junta Mori
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayamacho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan.
| | - Tomohiko Nagao
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayamacho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan.
| | - Yasuhiro Nishiyama
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayamacho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan.
| | - Tsumoru Morimoto
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayamacho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan.
| | - Shunichiro Ito
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan.
| | - Kazuo Tanaka
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan.
| | - Yoshiki Chujo
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan.
| | - Kiyomi Kakiuchi
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayamacho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan.
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17
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Abstract
Nature makes use of tubular structures for the spatial separation of matter on many different length scales, ranging from the nanometer scale (selective channels based on folded proteins) up to the centimeter scale (blood vessels). Today, polymer chemists and engineers can prepare polymeric tubular structures via a variety of different methods also covering many lengthscales, from nanometers to meters. The synthetic approaches described in this chapter vary significantly from the folding of single polymer chains via the self-assembly of DNA fragments to coordinative metal-organic nanotubes to tubes engineerd from bulk polymers using a range of porous or fibrous templates. While all examples reported in this chapter form tubular structures and thereby mimic their naturally occuring counterparts, it is mainly the engineered tubes that are more straightforward to prepare that also show some bio-inspired function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Doninelli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg Chemin du Musée 9 CH-1700 Fribourg Switzerland
| | - Michael Badoux
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg Chemin du Musée 9 CH-1700 Fribourg Switzerland
| | - Andreas F. M. Kilbinger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg Chemin du Musée 9 CH-1700 Fribourg Switzerland
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18
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Hydrophobically driven chiral column aggregates of hydrazide macrocycles and side chains-controlled chirality conversion. Tetrahedron Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.06.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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19
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Schweez C, Shushkov P, Grimme S, Höger S. Synthesis and Dynamics of Nanosized Phenylene-Ethynylene-Butadiynylene Rotaxanes and the Role of Shape Persistence. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201509702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Schweez
- Kekulé Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie; Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn; Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1 53121 Bonn Germany
| | - Philip Shushkov
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry; Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie; Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn; Beringstrasse 4 53115 Bonn Germany
| | - Stefan Grimme
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry; Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie; Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn; Beringstrasse 4 53115 Bonn Germany
| | - Sigurd Höger
- Kekulé Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie; Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn; Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1 53121 Bonn Germany
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20
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Schweez C, Shushkov P, Grimme S, Höger S. Synthesis and Dynamics of Nanosized Phenylene-Ethynylene-Butadiynylene Rotaxanes and the Role of Shape Persistence. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:3328-33. [PMID: 26836984 PMCID: PMC4797704 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201509702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Phenylacetylene‐based [2]rotaxanes were synthesized by a covalent‐template approach by aminolysis of the corresponding prerotaxanes. The wheel and the bulky stoppers are made of phenylene–ethynylene–butadiynylene macrocycles of the same size. The stoppers are large enough to enable the synthesis and purification of the rotaxane. However, the wheel unthreads from the axle at elevated temperatures. The deslipping kinetics and the activation parameters were determined. We described theoretically the unthreading by state‐of‐the‐art DFT‐based molecular‐mechanics models and a string method for the simulation of rare events. This approach enabled us to characterize in detail the unthreading mechanism, which involves the folding of the stopper during its passage through the wheel opening, a process that defies intuitive geometrical considerations. The conformational and energetic features of the transition allowed us to infer the molecular residues controlling the disassembly timescale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Schweez
- Kekulé Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Philip Shushkov
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Beringstrasse 4, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan Grimme
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Beringstrasse 4, 53115, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Sigurd Höger
- Kekulé Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany.
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21
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Lorbach D, Keerthi A, Figueira-Duarte TM, Baumgarten M, Wagner M, Müllen K. Cyclization of Pyrene Oligomers: Cyclohexa-1,3-pyrenylene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 55:418-21. [PMID: 26546101 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201508180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
First synthesis of the macrocycle cyclohexa(1,3-pyrenylene) is achieved in six steps starting with pyrene, leading to a non-aggregating highly twisted blue-light-emitting material. The cyclodehydrogenation of the macrocycle offers a promising synthesis route to holey-nanographene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Lorbach
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz (Germany)
| | - Ashok Keerthi
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz (Germany)
| | | | - Martin Baumgarten
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz (Germany)
| | - Manfred Wagner
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz (Germany)
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz (Germany).
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22
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Lorbach D, Keerthi A, Figueira-Duarte TM, Baumgarten M, Wagner M, Müllen K. Cyclisierung von Pyrenoligomeren: Cyclohexa-1,3-pyrenylen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201508180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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23
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Desroches M, Courtemanche MA, Rioux G, Morin JF. Synthesis and Properties of Rhomboidal Macrocyclic Subunits of Graphdiyne-Like Nanoribbons. J Org Chem 2015; 80:10634-42. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b01752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maude Desroches
- Département de Chimie and
Centre de Recherche sur les Matériaux
Avancés (CERMA) and ‡Département de Chimie and Centre en Catalyse
et Chimie Verte (C3V), Université Laval, 1045 Ave de la
Médecine, Québec, Canada G1V 0A6
| | - Marc-André Courtemanche
- Département de Chimie and
Centre de Recherche sur les Matériaux
Avancés (CERMA) and ‡Département de Chimie and Centre en Catalyse
et Chimie Verte (C3V), Université Laval, 1045 Ave de la
Médecine, Québec, Canada G1V 0A6
| | - Geneviève Rioux
- Département de Chimie and
Centre de Recherche sur les Matériaux
Avancés (CERMA) and ‡Département de Chimie and Centre en Catalyse
et Chimie Verte (C3V), Université Laval, 1045 Ave de la
Médecine, Québec, Canada G1V 0A6
| | - Jean-François Morin
- Département de Chimie and
Centre de Recherche sur les Matériaux
Avancés (CERMA) and ‡Département de Chimie and Centre en Catalyse
et Chimie Verte (C3V), Université Laval, 1045 Ave de la
Médecine, Québec, Canada G1V 0A6
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24
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Wu Y, Nalluri SKM, Young RM, Krzyaniak MD, Margulies EA, Stoddart JF, Wasielewski MR. Charge and Spin Transport in an Organic Molecular Square. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:11971-7. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201504576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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25
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Wu Y, Nalluri SKM, Young RM, Krzyaniak MD, Margulies EA, Stoddart JF, Wasielewski MR. Charge and Spin Transport in an Organic Molecular Square. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201504576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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26
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Martí-Centelles V, Pandey MD, Burguete MI, Luis SV. Macrocyclization Reactions: The Importance of Conformational, Configurational, and Template-Induced Preorganization. Chem Rev 2015; 115:8736-834. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 278] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mrituanjay D. Pandey
- Departament de Química
Inorgànica i Orgànica, Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castelló, Spain
| | - M. Isabel Burguete
- Departament de Química
Inorgànica i Orgànica, Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castelló, Spain
| | - Santiago V. Luis
- Departament de Química
Inorgànica i Orgànica, Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castelló, Spain
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27
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Nie H, Geng Y, Luo D, Liu M, Wang Y, Liu Z, Zeng Q, Shu L. Synthesis and Morphology of a Shape-Persistent Macrocycle with endo-Amines and an Inner Tetraethylene Glycol Ether Bridge. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201500146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Nie
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education; Hangzhou Normal University; Hangzhou 310012 China
| | - Yanfang Geng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology; National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST); 11 Zhongguancun Beiyitiao Beijing 100190 China
| | - Dapeng Luo
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education; Hangzhou Normal University; Hangzhou 310012 China
| | - Miaoqing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education; Hangzhou Normal University; Hangzhou 310012 China
| | - Yifei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education; Hangzhou Normal University; Hangzhou 310012 China
| | - Zhenyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education; Hangzhou Normal University; Hangzhou 310012 China
| | - Qingdao Zeng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology; National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST); 11 Zhongguancun Beiyitiao Beijing 100190 China
| | - Lijin Shu
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education; Hangzhou Normal University; Hangzhou 310012 China
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28
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Segawa Y, Kuwabara T, Matsui K, Kawai S, Itami K. Palladium-free synthesis of [10]cycloparaphenylene. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2015.02.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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29
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Kubota N, Segawa Y, Itami K. η6-Cycloparaphenylene Transition Metal Complexes: Synthesis, Structure, Photophysical Properties, and Application to the Selective Monofunctionalization of Cycloparaphenylenes. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:1356-61. [DOI: 10.1021/ja512271p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Natsumi Kubota
- Graduate
School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Yasutomo Segawa
- Graduate
School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
- JST,
ERATO, Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Itami
- Graduate
School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
- JST,
ERATO, Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Institute
of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
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30
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Ito H, Mitamura Y, Segawa Y, Itami K. Thiophene‐Based, Radial π‐Conjugation: Synthesis, Structure, and Photophysical Properties of Cyclo‐1,4‐phenylene‐2′,5′‐thienylenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201409389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hideto Ito
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464‐8602 (Japan)
| | - Yukari Mitamura
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464‐8602 (Japan)
| | - Yasutomo Segawa
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464‐8602 (Japan)
- JST, ERATO, Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464‐8602 (Japan)
| | - Kenichiro Itami
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464‐8602 (Japan)
- JST, ERATO, Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464‐8602 (Japan)
- Institute of Transformative Bio‐Molecules (WPI‐ITbM), Nagoya University, Nagoya 464‐8602 (Japan)
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31
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Ito H, Mitamura Y, Segawa Y, Itami K. Thiophene‐Based, Radial π‐Conjugation: Synthesis, Structure, and Photophysical Properties of Cyclo‐1,4‐phenylene‐2′,5′‐thienylenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 54:159-63. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201409389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hideto Ito
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464‐8602 (Japan)
| | - Yukari Mitamura
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464‐8602 (Japan)
| | - Yasutomo Segawa
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464‐8602 (Japan)
- JST, ERATO, Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464‐8602 (Japan)
| | - Kenichiro Itami
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464‐8602 (Japan)
- JST, ERATO, Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464‐8602 (Japan)
- Institute of Transformative Bio‐Molecules (WPI‐ITbM), Nagoya University, Nagoya 464‐8602 (Japan)
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32
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Vollmeyer J, Baumeister U, Höger S. The influence of intraannular templates on the liquid crystallinity of shape-persistent macrocycles. Beilstein J Org Chem 2014; 10:910-20. [PMID: 24991240 PMCID: PMC4077431 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.10.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of shape-persistent phenylene–ethynylene–naphthylene–butadiynylene macrocycles with different extraannular alkyl groups and intraannular bridges is synthesized by oxidative Glaser-coupling of the appropriate precursors. The intraannular bridges serve in this case as templates that reduce the oligomerization even when the reaction is not performed under pseudo high-dilution conditions. The extraannular as well as the intraannular substituents have a strong influence on the thermal behavior of the compounds. With branched alkyl chains at the periphery, the macrocycles exhibit liquid crystalline (lc) phases when the interior is empty or when the length of the alkyl bridge is just right to cross the ring. With a longer alkyl or an oligoethylene oxide bridge no lc phase is observed, most probably because the mesogene is no longer planar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joscha Vollmeyer
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Ute Baumeister
- Institut für Chemie, Physikalische Chemie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Sigurd Höger
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
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33
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Korich A, McBee IA, Bennion JC, Gifford JI, Hughes TS. Synthesis and photophysical properties of biphenyl and terphenyl arylene-ethynylene macrocycles. J Org Chem 2014; 79:1594-610. [PMID: 24506215 PMCID: PMC3985466 DOI: 10.1021/jo4023809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A series of single-walled carbon nanotube precursors, C3h-symmetric cyclotri(ethynylene)(biphenyl-2,4'-diyl) and cyclotri(ethynylene)(p-terphenyl-2,4″-diyl), have been prepared by a linear stepwise oligomerization-cyclization route and by statistical intermolecular cyclooligomerization. In addition to producing these members of a novel class of arylene ethynylene macrocycles, 1 and 2, the latter statistical process produces the smaller cyclic dimer, cyclodi(ethynylene)(p-terphenyl-2,4″-diyl) and the larger cyclic tetramer cyclotetra(ethynylene)(biphenyl-2,4'-diyl). These macrocycles display large Stokes shifts in their fluorescence spectra. Their biphenyl or terphenyl connectivity prevents these macrocycles from achieving full planarity in the ground state, and the ethynylene moieties could provide synthetic access to cyclic arylene oligomers and discrete carbon nanotube segments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew
L. Korich
- Department
of Chemistry, Grand Valley
State University, 1 Campus Drive, Allendale, Michigan 49401, United States
| | - Ian A. McBee
- Triton
High School, 112 Elm Street, Byfield, Massachusetts 01922, United States
| | - Jonathan C. Bennion
- Siena
College, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Morrell Science
Center, 515 Loudon Road, Loudonville, New York 12211, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University
of Michigan, 930 North University, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Jenna I. Gifford
- Siena
College, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Morrell Science
Center, 515 Loudon Road, Loudonville, New York 12211, United States
- Albany Molecular
Research, Inc., 21 Corporate Circle, Albany, New York 12212, United States
| | - Thomas S. Hughes
- Siena
College, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Morrell Science
Center, 515 Loudon Road, Loudonville, New York 12211, United States
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34
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Catrouillet S, Fonteneau C, Bouteiller L, Delorme N, Nicol E, Nicolai T, Pensec S, Colombani O. Competition Between Steric Hindrance and Hydrogen Bonding in the Formation of Supramolecular Bottle Brush Polymers. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma401167n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Catrouillet
- LUNAM Université,
Université du Maine, IMMM−UMR CNRS 6283, Université
du Maine, av. O. Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans Cedex 9, France
| | - Cécile Fonteneau
- UPMC Univ Paris
6, UMR 7610, Chimie des Polymères, and CNRS, UMR 7610, Chimie
des Polymères, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Laurent Bouteiller
- UPMC Univ Paris
6, UMR 7610, Chimie des Polymères, and CNRS, UMR 7610, Chimie
des Polymères, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Delorme
- LUNAM Université,
Université du Maine, IMMM−UMR CNRS 6283, Université
du Maine, av. O. Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans Cedex 9, France
| | - Erwan Nicol
- LUNAM Université,
Université du Maine, IMMM−UMR CNRS 6283, Université
du Maine, av. O. Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans Cedex 9, France
| | - Taco Nicolai
- LUNAM Université,
Université du Maine, IMMM−UMR CNRS 6283, Université
du Maine, av. O. Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans Cedex 9, France
| | - Sandrine Pensec
- UPMC Univ Paris
6, UMR 7610, Chimie des Polymères, and CNRS, UMR 7610, Chimie
des Polymères, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Olivier Colombani
- LUNAM Université,
Université du Maine, IMMM−UMR CNRS 6283, Université
du Maine, av. O. Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans Cedex 9, France
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35
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Aggarwal AV, Jester SS, Taheri SM, Förster S, Höger S. Molecular Spoked Wheels: Synthesis and Self-Assembly Studies on Rigid Nanoscale 2D Objects. Chemistry 2013; 19:4480-95. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201203444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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36
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Schlosser F, Moos M, Lambert C, Würthner F. Redox-switchable intramolecular π-π-stacking of perylene bisimide dyes in a cyclophane. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2013; 25:410-4. [PMID: 22807177 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201201266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2012] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Molecular actuation by stepwise electrochemical reduction is demonstrated for a cyclophane that exhibits a pronounced conformational transition from a closed cavity with cofacially stacked PBIs in the neutral state to an expanded open cavity in the three- and fourfold reduced state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Schlosser
- Universität Würzburg, Institut für Organische Chemie & Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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37
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Lahoz IR, Navarro-Vázquez A, Llamas-Saiz AL, Alonso-Gómez JL, Cid MM. Rotation-Locked 2,6-Pyrido-allenophanes: Characterization of all Stereoisomers. Chemistry 2012; 18:13836-43. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201201186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2012] [Revised: 07/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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38
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Cantin K, Lafleur-Lambert A, Dufour P, Morin JF. Studies Toward the Synthesis of Phenylacetylene Macrocycle Based Rotaxane Precursors as Building Blocks for Organic Nanotubes. European J Org Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201200655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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39
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El Malah T, Rolf S, Weidner SM, Thünemann AF, Hecht S. Amphiphilic Folded Dendrimer Discs and Their Thermosensitive Self-Assembly in Water. Chemistry 2012; 18:5837-42. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201200414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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40
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Datar A, Gross DE, Balakrishnan K, Yang X, Moore JS, Zang L. Ultrafine nanofibers fabricated from an arylene–ethynylene macrocyclic molecule using surface assisted self-assembly. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:8904-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc34127a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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41
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Qiao Y, Wei Z, Risko C, Li H, Brédas JL, Xu W, Zhu D. Synthesis, experimental and theoretical characterization, and field-effect transistor properties of a new class of dibenzothiophene derivatives: From linear to cyclic architectures. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c1jm13962b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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42
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Yamato K, Kline M, Gong B. Cavity-containing, backbone-rigidified foldamers and macrocycles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:12142-58. [PMID: 23104157 DOI: 10.1039/c2cc36391g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Yamato
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
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43
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Marchanka A, Maier SK, Höger S, van Gastel M. Photoinduced Charge Separation in an Organic Donor–Acceptor Hybrid Molecule. J Phys Chem B 2011; 115:13526-33. [DOI: 10.1021/jp208334y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aliaksandr Marchanka
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Wegelerstrasse 12, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan K. Maier
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Sigurd Höger
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Maurice van Gastel
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Wegelerstrasse 12, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
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44
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Iyoda M, Yamakawa J, Rahman MJ. Conjugated Macrocycles: Concepts and Applications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:10522-53. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201006198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 420] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2010] [Revised: 12/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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45
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, P.O. Box 3148, Mainz, Germany
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46
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Jester SS, Idelson A, Schmitz D, Eberhagen F, Höger S. Shape-persistent linear, kinked, and cyclic oligo(phenylene-ethynylene-butadiynylene)s: self-assembled monolayers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2011; 27:8205-8215. [PMID: 21667959 DOI: 10.1021/la201413h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Shape-persistent rigid phenylene-ethynylene-butadiynylenes form lamellar self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) at the HOPG/TCB interface, which were studied by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) with submolecular resolution. Substitution of the terminating acetylene functions with polar cyanopropyldimethylsilyl groups leads to 2D phase separation and defined rod-rod interactions, which determine the packing distances between the rigid rods. The results stimulated the connection of rigid rods via septiarylene clamp units. They covalently link two rigid rod units and define the intramolecular rod-rod distance that matches the alkoxy substituent chain lengths. The systems can be described as half-ring structures of two rigid rods connected via a rotatable joint unit. These acetylene-terminated half-ring structures were also oligomerized under Cu and Pd catalysis to yield defined acyclic and cyclic oligomers. Detailed STM studies decoded the molecular origin of the surface patterning of such systems. The dodecyloxy side chains are adsorbed along the HOPG main axes and, together with the alkoxy backbone angle, determine the adsorption direction of the adlayers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan-S Jester
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany.
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47
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Dawn S, Dewal MB, Sobransingh D, Paderes MC, Wibowo AC, Smith MD, Krause JA, Pellechia PJ, Shimizu LS. Self-Assembled Phenylethynylene Bis-urea Macrocycles Facilitate the Selective Photodimerization of Coumarin. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:7025-32. [DOI: 10.1021/ja110779h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandipan Dawn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Mahender B. Dewal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - David Sobransingh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Monissa C. Paderes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Arief C. Wibowo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Mark D. Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Jeanette A. Krause
- The Richard C. Elder X-ray Crystallographic Facility, Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States
| | - Perry J. Pellechia
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Linda S. Shimizu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
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48
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Omachi H, Segawa Y, Itami K. Synthesis and Racemization Process of Chiral Carbon Nanorings: A Step toward the Chemical Synthesis of Chiral Carbon Nanotubes. Org Lett 2011; 13:2480-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ol200730m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haruka Omachi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Yasutomo Segawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Itami
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
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49
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Segawa Y, Miyamoto S, Omachi H, Matsuura S, Šenel P, Sasamori T, Tokitoh N, Itami K. Concise Synthesis and Crystal Structure of [12]Cycloparaphenylene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:3244-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201007232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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50
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Segawa Y, Miyamoto S, Omachi H, Matsuura S, Šenel P, Sasamori T, Tokitoh N, Itami K. Concise Synthesis and Crystal Structure of [12]Cycloparaphenylene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201007232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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