1
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J SJS, Handlovic TT, Wahab MF, Armstrong DW. Enhancing enantiomeric and diastereomeric separations: A single chromatograph approach for two-dimensional heart-cut methodology. Talanta 2024; 267:125243. [PMID: 37778183 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
A high-performance chromatograph was adapted and reconfigured to establish a two-dimensional methodology for separations that are not easily achievable using a single enantioselective column. Allethrin, a pyrethroid used widely as a pesticide in domestic environments, was chosen as the model analyte. With three chiral centers, it has eight stereoisomers and is considered one of the more difficult chiral separations. Diastereomeric separation was achieved in the first dimension using a shape-selective stationary phase based on ultrapure porous graphitic carbon (particle diameter, 3 μm) in the reversed phase mode. Advanced asymmetric bidirectional peak functions (half-Gaussian modified Gaussian and exponentially modified Gaussian) were employed to extract overlapping peak areas. The four diastereomeric peaks were heart-cut and sent to the second dimension online using a standard six-port 2-position rotary valve. Enantiomeric separation was attained in the second dimension using an immobilized-cellulose tris(3,5-dichlorophenylcarbamate) column (3 μm) with chromatographic resolutions >2.7 for all enantiomeric pairs. The second dimension method was developed using the information from circular dichroism detection. The baseline separation of seven peaks of allethrin in a single dimension was also demonstrated using (2-hydroxypropyl)-β-cyclodextrin. The enantiomeric purity of a purified formulation of allethrin in a commercial pesticide was validated using the developed 2D approach.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Troy T Handlovic
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, 76019, USA
| | - M Farooq Wahab
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, 76019, USA
| | - Daniel W Armstrong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, 76019, USA.
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2
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Ibrahim AE, El Gohary NA, Aboushady D, Samir L, Karim SEA, Herz M, Salman BI, Al-Harrasi A, Hanafi R, El Deeb S. Recent advances in chiral selectors immobilization and chiral mobile phase additives in liquid chromatographic enantio-separations: A review. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1706:464214. [PMID: 37506464 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
For decades now, the separation of chiral enantiomers of drugs has been gaining the interest and attention of researchers. In 1991, the first guidelines for development of chiral drugs were firstly released by the US-FDA. Since then, the development in chromatographic enantioseparation tools has been fast and variable, aiming at creating a suitable environment where the physically and chemically identical enantiomers can be separated. Among those tools, the immobilization of chiral selectors (CS) on different stationary phases and the chiral mobile phase additives (CMPA) which have been progressed and studied extensively. This review article highlights the major advances in immobilization of CS together with their different recognition mechanisms as well as CMPA as a cheaper and successful alternative for chiral stationary phases. Moreover, the role of molecular modeling tool as a pre-step in the choice of CS for evaluating possible interactions with different ligands has been pointed up. Illustrations of reported methods and updates for immobilized CS and CMPA have been included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel Ehab Ibrahim
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Port-Said University, Port-Said 42511, Egypt; Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, P.O. Box 33, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa 616, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Nesrine Abdelrehim El Gohary
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Dina Aboushady
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Liza Samir
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Shereen Ekram Abdel Karim
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Magy Herz
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Baher I Salman
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, 71524, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, P.O. Box 33, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa 616, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Rasha Hanafi
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Sami El Deeb
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig 38092, Germany; Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 2+4, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
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3
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Yuan C, Wang Z, Xiong W, Huang Z, Lai Y, Fu S, Dong J, Duan A, Hou X, Yuan LM, Cui Y. Cyclodextrin Incorporation into Covalent Organic Frameworks Enables Extensive Liquid and Gas Chromatographic Enantioseparations. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:18956-18967. [PMID: 37596711 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c05973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
The separation of enantiomers using high-performance chromatography technologies represents great importance and interest. In this aspect, β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and its derivatives have been extensively studied as chiral stationary phases (CSPs). Nevertheless, β-CD that was immobilized on a traditional matrix often exhibited low stabilities and limited operating ranges. Recently, covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with highly ordered nanopores are emerging as promising CSPs for enantioseparations, but their practical applications are still hampered by the difficulty of monomer and COF synthesis. Herein, two β-CD-driven COFs are synthesized via a fast and facile plasma-induced polymerization combined postsynthesis modification strategy. The precisely defined COF channels enhanced the accessibility of the accommodated β-CD to the analytes and acted as robust protective barriers to safeguard the β-CD from harsh environments. Therefore, the β-CD-modified COFs can be potentially general CSPs for extensive enantioseparation in both gas chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography, and a wide range of racemates were separated. Compared to the commonly employed commercial chiral columns, these COF-based columns exhibited comparable resolution capability and superior application versatility. This work integrates the advantages and overcomes the defects of COFs and β-CD, thus advancing COFs as platforms for chiral selector modification and giving great promise for practical chromatographic enantioseparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Yuan
- Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Wanqi Xiong
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Zhifeng Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yalin Lai
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Shiguo Fu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jinqiao Dong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Aihong Duan
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Xiandeng Hou
- Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Li-Ming Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yong Cui
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai 200240, China
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4
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Wen J, Feng L, Zhao H, Zheng L, Stavropoulos P, Ai L, Zhang J. Chiral Recognition of Hydantoin Derivatives Enabled by Tetraaza Macrocyclic Chiral Solvating Agents Using 1H NMR Spectroscopy. J Org Chem 2022; 87:7934-7944. [PMID: 35675642 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Enantiomers of a series of hydantoin derivatives were prepared from d- and l-amino acids with p-tolyl isocyanate and 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl isocyanate as guests for chiral recognition by 1H NMR spectroscopy. Meanwhile, several tetraaza macrocyclic compounds were synthesized as chiral solvating agents from d-phenylalanine and (1S,2S)-(+)-1,2-diaminocyclohexane. An uncommon enantiomeric discrimination has been successfully established for hydantoin derivatives, representatives of five-membered N,N-heterocycles, in the presence of tetraaza macrocyclic chiral solvating agents (TAMCSAs) 1a-1c by means of 1H NMR spectroscopy. Several unprecedented nonequivalent chemical shifts (up to 1.309 ppm) were observed in the split 1H NMR spectra. To evaluate practical applications in the determination of enantiomeric excess (ee), the ee values of samples with different optical purities (up to 95% ee) were accurately calculated by the integration of relevant proton peaks. To better understand the chiral discriminating behavior, Job plots of (±)-G1 with TAMCSA 1a were investigated. Furthermore, in order to further explore any underlying intermolecular hydrogen bonding interactions, theoretical calculations of the enantiomers of (S)-G1 and (R)-G1 with TAMCSA 1a were performed by means of the hybrid density functional theory (B3LYP/6-31G*) of the Gaussian 16 program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wen
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Lei Feng
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Hongmei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Communications, School of Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, P. R. China
| | - Li Zheng
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Pericles Stavropoulos
- Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, United States
| | - Lin Ai
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Jiaxin Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
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5
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Yuan C, Jia W, Yu Z, Li Y, Zi M, Yuan LM, Cui Y. Are Highly Stable Covalent Organic Frameworks the Key to Universal Chiral Stationary Phases for Liquid and Gas Chromatographic Separations? J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:891-900. [PMID: 34989226 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c11051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography (GC) over chiral stationary phases (CSPs) represent the most popular and highly applicable technology in the field of chiral separation, but there are currently no CSPs that can be used for both liquid and gas chromatography simultaneously. We demonstrate here that two olefin-linked covalent organic frameworks (COFs) featuring chiral crown ether groups can be general CSPs for extensive separation not only in GC but also in normal-phase and reversed-phase HPLC. Both COFs have the same 2D layered porous structure but channels of different sizes and display high stability under different chemical environments including water, organic solvents, acids, and bases. Chiral crown ethers are periodically aligned within the COF channels, allowing for enantioselective recognition of guest molecules through intermolecular interactions. The COF-packed HPLC and GC columns show excellent complementarity and each affords high resolution, selectivity, and durability for the separation of a wide range of racemic compounds, including amino acids, esters, lactones, amides, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, and drugs. The resolution performances are comparable to and the versatility is superior to those of the most widely used commercial chiral columns, showing promises for practical applications. This work thus advances COFs with high stability as potential universal CSPs for chromatography that are otherwise hard or impossible to produce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Yuan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Wenyan Jia
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Ziyun Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Yanan Li
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Min Zi
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Li-Ming Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Yong Cui
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
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6
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Wan J, Jiang J, Li J. Chiral Phosphoric Acid Promoted Chiral 1H NMR Analysis of Atropisomeric Quinolines. Front Chem 2021; 9:672704. [PMID: 34178942 PMCID: PMC8222546 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.672704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
An efficient enantioselective NMR analysis of atropisomeric quinolines in the promotion of chiral phosphoric acid is described, in which a variety of racemic 4-aryl quinolines were well-recognized with up to 0.17 ppm ΔΔδ value. Additionally, the optical purities of different nonracemic substrates could be evaluated fast via NMR analysis with high accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Juan Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
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7
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Malinowska M, Jarzyński S, Pieczonka A, Rachwalski M, Leśniak S, Zawisza A. Optically Pure Aziridin-2-yl Methanols as Readily Available 1H NMR Sensors for Enantiodiscrimination of α-Racemic Carboxylic Acids Containing Tertiary or Quaternary Stereogenic Centers. J Org Chem 2020; 85:11794-11801. [PMID: 32805106 PMCID: PMC7506949 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Enantiopure
aziridin-2-yl methanols 3–7 are used
as highly effective sensors for enantiodiscrimination
of α-racemic carboxylic acids containing tertiary or quaternary
stereogenic centers. A linear correlation between theoretical and
observed % ee values for CSA-3 and enantiomerically enriched
samples of mandelic acid has been observed, indicating the possible
application of these compounds in the ee determination. The free NH
and OH groups in 3–7 ensure good
recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martyna Malinowska
- Department of Organic and Applied Chemistry, University of Łódź, Tamka 12, 91-403 Łódź, Poland
| | - Szymon Jarzyński
- Department of Organic and Applied Chemistry, University of Łódź, Tamka 12, 91-403 Łódź, Poland
| | - Adam Pieczonka
- Department of Organic and Applied Chemistry, University of Łódź, Tamka 12, 91-403 Łódź, Poland
| | - Michał Rachwalski
- Department of Organic and Applied Chemistry, University of Łódź, Tamka 12, 91-403 Łódź, Poland
| | - Stanisław Leśniak
- Department of Organic and Applied Chemistry, University of Łódź, Tamka 12, 91-403 Łódź, Poland
| | - Anna Zawisza
- Department of Organic and Applied Chemistry, University of Łódź, Tamka 12, 91-403 Łódź, Poland
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8
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Enantiodiscrimination of carboxylic acids using single enantiomer thioureas as chiral solvating agents. Tetrahedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2020.131141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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9
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Synthesis, characterization and applications of copolymer of β – cyclodextrin: a review. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-020-02058-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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10
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Liu Y, Cai L, Lun J, Zhao M, Guo X. Enantiomeric separation and molecular docking study of seven imidazole antifungal drugs on a cellulose tris-(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phase. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj03657a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Chiral separation and molecular docking study of seven imidazole antifungal drugs were performed on a cellulose tris-(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phase (Chiralcel OD-RH).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanru Liu
- School of Pharmacy
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang
- P. R. China
| | - Liangzhao Cai
- School of Pharmacy
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang
- P. R. China
| | - Jia Lun
- School of Pharmacy
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang
- P. R. China
| | - Min Zhao
- School of Pharmacy
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang
- P. R. China
| | - Xingjie Guo
- School of Pharmacy
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang
- P. R. China
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11
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Yamasaki K, Iohara D, Oyama Y, Nishizaki N, Kawazu S, Nishi K, Kadowaki D, Taguchi K, Otagiri M, Seo H. Processing grapefruit juice with γ-cyclodextrin attenuates its inhibitory effect on cytochrome P450 3A activity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 72:356-363. [PMID: 31828807 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.13212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Grapefruit (Citrus paradisi) juice enhances the oral bioavailability of drugs that are metabolized by intestinal cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4). Patients are advised to avoid drinking grapefruit juice to prevent this drug-grapefruit juice interaction. The aim of this study was to investigate whether processing grapefruit juice with cyclodextrins (CDs) would result in preventing or inhibiting this interaction. METHODS Grapefruit juice and the major furanocoumarins found in grapefruit, bergamottin (BG) and 6', 7'-dihydroxy bergamottin (DHBG) were mixed with α, β and γCDs. The effects of these processed juice samples and furanocoumarins on CYP3A activity were compared with the corresponding values for unprocessed juices and furanocoumarins. Interactions between CDs and these furanocoumarins were also investigated by phase solubility and 1 H NMR studies. KEY FINDINGS The inhibition of CYP3A by grapefruit juice was significantly attenuated by processing particularly with γCD. Similar attenuation effects by γCD were observed in the cases of BG and DHBG. Furthermore, BG and DHBG were suggested to be strongly encapsulated in the cavity of γCD. CONCLUSION The encapsulation of BG and DHBG by γCD and the resulting attenuation of the inhibition of CYP3A activity by grapefruit juice may be applicable to juice processing for preventing drug-grapefruit juice interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keishi Yamasaki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto, Japan.,DDS Research Institute, Sojo University, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Daisuke Iohara
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto, Japan.,DDS Research Institute, Sojo University, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yoko Oyama
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Narumi Nishizaki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Seitaro Kawazu
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Koji Nishi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kadowaki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto, Japan.,DDS Research Institute, Sojo University, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Taguchi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto, Japan.,Keio University Faculty of Pharmacy, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaki Otagiri
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto, Japan.,DDS Research Institute, Sojo University, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hakaru Seo
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto, Japan.,DDS Research Institute, Sojo University, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto, Japan
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12
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Jang S, Kim H. A Gallium-based Chiral Solvating Agent Enables the Use of 1H NMR Spectroscopy to Differentiate Chiral Alcohols. iScience 2019; 19:425-435. [PMID: 31421597 PMCID: PMC6704394 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.07.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In situ, direct 1H NMR chiral analysis by using chiral solvating agents is a convenient and efficient analytical technique. Here we developed a Ga-based chiral anionic metal complex for 1H NMR chiral analysis of alcohols. Utilizing the optimal pKa value, the Ga complex was able to differentiate 1H NMR signals of each (R)- and (S)-enantiomer of alcohols, measured at room temperature. This direct 1H NMR chiral analysis of alcohols was used to rapidly determine enantiomeric excess and conversion in a kinetic resolution and an asymmetric synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumin Jang
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunwoo Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
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13
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Guerrero ML, Díaz AN, Sánchez FG, Corrall H. Chiral and Achiral Enantiomeric Separation of (±)-Alprenolol. OPEN CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1515/chem-2019-0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe chiral separation of enantiomers is crucial for pharmacovigilance within drug discovery. Although a large number of prescribed medications are marketed as pure enantiomers, this is not always the case and many are in fact racemic mixtures. Drug scandals, such as that of Thalidomide in 1961, provide a clear example of the social and economic repercussions that can be caused by negligence of these chiral compounds. Two high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods are presented to determine, separate and quantitate a commonly prescribed chiral beta blocker, (-)-Alprenolol. The first method utilises a chiral column to physically separate the two enantiomers of Alprenolol in 25 minutes, before quantitating with two detectors. Fluorimetry gave the better limit of detection of 0.16-0.41ng and a correlation coefficient of 0.999. The second method used an achiral column coupled with polarimetry to quantitate (-)-Alprenolol without the need for physical separation in 10 minutes. The limit of detection achieved was 27-37μg and demonstrated a correlation coefficient of -0.999.
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Affiliation(s)
- M.M. López Guerrero
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, Av. Cervantes, 2, 29071Málaga, Spain
| | - A. Navas Díaz
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, Av. Cervantes, 2, 29071Málaga, Spain
| | - F. García Sánchez
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, Av. Cervantes, 2, 29071Málaga, Spain
| | - H. Corrall
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, Av. Cervantes, 2, 29071Málaga, Spain
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14
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Folprechtová D, Kalíková K, Kozlík P, Tesařová E. The degree of substitution affects the enantioselectivity of sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin chiral stationary phases. Electrophoresis 2019; 40:1972-1977. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201800471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Denisa Folprechtová
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Charles University; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Květa Kalíková
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Charles University; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Petr Kozlík
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Charles University; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Eva Tesařová
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Charles University; Prague Czech Republic
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15
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Zhang J, Sun J, Liu Y, Yu J, Guo X. Immobilized Cellulose-Based Chiralpak IC Chiral Stationary Phase for Enantioseparation of Eight Imidazole Antifungal Drugs in Normal-Phase, Polar Organic Phase and Reversed-Phase Conditions Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. Chromatographia 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-019-03688-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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16
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Li LP, Peng HL, Ye BH. Chiral sensor for enantiomeric purity of amines, amino alcohols and amino esters based on bis-cyclometalated Ir(III) complex using 1H NMR spectroscopy. Inorganica Chim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2018.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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17
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Wu C, Liu H, Li J, Xiao HP, Li X, Jiang J. Chiral 1H NMR of Atropisomeric Quinazolinones With Enantiopure Phosphoric Acids. Front Chem 2018; 6:300. [PMID: 30175093 PMCID: PMC6107746 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
A chiral phosphoric acid promoted enantioselective NMR analysis of atropisomeric quinazolinones was described, in which a variety of racemic arylquinazolinones such as afloqualone and IC-87114 were well recognized with up to 0. 21 ppm ΔΔδ value. With this method, the optical purities of different non-racemic substrates can be fast evaluated with high accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hongxin Liu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | | | | | | | - Jun Jiang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
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18
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Liu CX, Zheng L, Zhu L, Xiao HP, Li X, Jiang J. Efficient chiral 1H NMR analysis of indoloquinazoline alkaloids phaitanthrin A, cephalanthrin-A and their analogues with a chiral phosphoric acid. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 15:4314-4319. [PMID: 28470312 DOI: 10.1039/c7ob00823f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A chiral phosphoric acid promoted enantioselective NMR recognition and determination of indoloquinazoline alkaloids phaitanthrin A, cephalanthrin-A and their analogues was described, which conveniently reveals their optical purities with high accuracy. Besides, pyrazine type tertiary alcohols, cyclic amino alcohols and diamines can also be well resolved under optimal conditions. Importantly, this methodology was further employed in the direct analysis of reaction mixtures of amino acid metal salt catalyzed asymmetric synthesis of phaitanthrin A, providing access to the optimized reaction conditions in high efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong-Xing Liu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325035, P.R. China.
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19
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Zheng Y, Kobayashi Y, Sekine T, Takashima Y, Hashidzume A, Yamaguchi H, Harada A. Visible chiral discrimination via macroscopic selective assembly. Commun Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1038/s42004-017-0003-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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20
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Pieczonka AM, Leśniak S, Rachwalski M. Chiral imines prepared from 1-(2-aminoalkyl)aziridines as novel chiral shifts reagents for efficient recognition of acids. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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21
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Enantioselective separation of racemates using CHIRALPAK IG amylose-based chiral stationary phase under normal standard, non-standard and reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1532:89-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.11.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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22
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Seo MS, Jang S, Kim H. A chiral aluminum solvating agent (CASA) for 1H NMR chiral analysis of alcohols at low temperature. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:6804-6807. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc00574e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A chiral aluminum solvating agent (CASA) was demonstrated to be a general and efficient reagent for 1H NMR chiral analysis of alcohols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Seob Seo
- Department of Chemistry
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)
- Daejeon 34141
- Korea
| | - Sumin Jang
- Department of Chemistry
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)
- Daejeon 34141
- Korea
| | - Hyunwoo Kim
- Department of Chemistry
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)
- Daejeon 34141
- Korea
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23
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Fouad A, Ghanem A. Immobilized Chiral Selectors on Monolithic High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Columns. ADVANCES IN CHROMATOGRAPHY 2017. [DOI: 10.1201/9781315116372-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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24
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Li LP, Ye BH. Discrimination and Enantiomeric Excess Determination of Chiral Primary Amines Based on a Chiral-at-Metal Ir(III) Complex Using NMR Spectroscopy. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:10717-10723. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b01681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ping Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and
Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Bao-Hui Ye
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and
Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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25
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Li Y, Yang GH, He CQ, Li X, Houk KN, Cheng JP. Chirality Sensing of α-Hydroxyphosphonates by N-tert-Butyl Sulfinyl Squaramide. Org Lett 2017; 19:4191-4194. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b01743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Li
- State
key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry,
Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Guo-Hui Yang
- State
key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry,
Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Cyndi Qixin He
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Xin Li
- State
key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry,
Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - K. N. Houk
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Jin-Pei Cheng
- State
key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry,
Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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26
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Fouad A, Marzouk AA, Ibrahim SM, El-Adl SM, Ghanem A. Functionalized polymer monoliths with carbamylated amylose for the enantioselective reversed phase nano-liquid chromatographic separation of a set of racemic pharmaceuticals. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1515:91-99. [PMID: 28797665 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.07.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Here we report the first encapsulation of three carbamylated amylose namely R-, S- and R/S-amylose 2,3(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate)-6-ethylphenylcarbamate in organic polymer monolith in situ capillary columns. The columns were investigated for the enantioselective nano-liquid chromatographic separation of a set of racemic pharmaceuticals, namely, α- and β-blockers, anti-inflammatory drugs, antifungal drugs, norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitors, catecholamines, sedative hypnotics, antihistaminics, anticancer drugs, and antiarrhythmic drugs. Baseline separation was achieved for several drugs under reversed phase chromatographic conditions and only few drugs were separated under normal phase conditions. The developed columns provide more economical analysis under environmentally benign conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Fouad
- Chirality Program, Faculty of ESTEM, University of Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia; Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Adel A Marzouk
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Samy M Ibrahim
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Sobhy M El-Adl
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ashraf Ghanem
- Chirality Program, Faculty of ESTEM, University of Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia.
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27
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Ghanem A, Adly FG, Sokerik Y, Antwi NY, Shenashen MA, El-Safty SA. Trimethyl-β-cyclodextrin-encapsulated monolithic capillary columns: Preparation, characterization and chiral nano-LC application. Talanta 2016; 169:239-248. [PMID: 28411817 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Trimethylated-β-cyclodextrin (TM-β-CD) was encapsulated within several polymer monolithic capillary columns for reversed-phase chiral nano-liquid chromatography (nano-LC). The monolithic phases were prepared using the one-pot in situ copolymerization of ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EDMA), glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) monomers and 1-propanol, 1,4-butanediol as progenic solvents in presence of TM-β-CD solution within fused silica capillaries (150µm I.D.). The obtained chiral monolithic stationery phases were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), N2 adsorption/desorption isotherms, wide angle x-ray diffraction (WAXRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermal analysis (DTA). The materials characterization demonstrated that monolithic phases with higher concentration of TM-β-CD have relatively larger surface area, smaller pore size and larger total pore volume compared to those with lower concentration TM-β-CD. The prepared columns were tested for their enantioseparation efficiency of a range of racemic pharmaceuticals. The screening results demonstrated the potential of functionalizing polymer monolithic stationary phases with TM-β-CD using the in situ encapsulation approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf Ghanem
- Chirality Program, University of Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. http://www.chiralitygroup.com
| | - Frady G Adly
- Chirality Program, University of Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Yasser Sokerik
- Chirality Program, University of Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Nana Yaa Antwi
- Chirality Program, University of Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Mohamed A Shenashen
- National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki-ken 305-0047, Japan
| | - Sherif A El-Safty
- National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki-ken 305-0047, Japan
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28
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Enantioseparation of Citalopram by RP-HPLC, Using Sulfobutyl Ether-β-Cyclodextrin as a Chiral Mobile Phase Additive. Int J Anal Chem 2016; 2016:1231386. [PMID: 26880921 PMCID: PMC4736382 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1231386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Enantiomeric separation of citalopram (CIT) was developed using a reversed phase HPLC (RP-HPLC) with sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin (SBE-β-CD) as a chiral mobile phase additive. The effects of the pH value of aqueous buffer, concentration of chiral additive, composition of mobile phase, and column temperature on the enantioseparation of CIT were investigated on the Hedera ODS-2 C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm × 5.0 um). A satisfactory resolution was achieved at 25°C using a mobile phase consisting of a mixture of aqueous buffer (pH of 2.5, 5 mM sodium dihydrogen phosphate, and 12 mM SBE-β-CD), methanol, and acetonitrile with a volumetric ratio of 21 : 3 : 1 and flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. This analytical method was evaluated by examining the precision (lower than 3.0%), linearity (regression coefficients close to 1), limit of detection (0.070 µg/mL for (R)-CIT and 0.076 µg/mL for (S)-CIT), and limit of quantitation (0.235 µg/mL for (R)-CIT and 0.254 µg/mL for (S)-CIT).
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29
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Ghanem A, Ahmed M, Ishii H, Ikegami T. Immobilized β-cyclodextrin-based silica vs polymer monoliths for chiral nano liquid chromatographic separation of racemates. Talanta 2015; 132:301-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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31
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Affiliation(s)
- Grégorio Crini
- Faculté Sciences & Techniques, UMR Chrono-environnement 6249, Université de Franche-Comté, 16 Route de Gray, 25030, Besançon Cedex, France
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32
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Chiral β-cyclodextrin functionalized polymer monolith for the direct enantioselective reversed phase nano liquid chromatographic separation of racemic pharmaceuticals. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1345:115-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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33
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Cyclodextrins. POLYSACCHARIDES 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-03751-6_22-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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34
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Bian G, Fan H, Yang S, Yue H, Huang H, Zong H, Song L. A Chiral Bisthiourea as a Chiral Solvating Agent for Carboxylic Acids in the Presence of DMAP. J Org Chem 2013; 78:9137-42. [DOI: 10.1021/jo4013546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guangling Bian
- The
State Key Lab of Structural Chemistry and The Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
| | - Hongjun Fan
- The
State Key Lab of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Shiwei Yang
- The
State Key Lab of Structural Chemistry and The Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
| | - Huifeng Yue
- The
State Key Lab of Structural Chemistry and The Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
| | - Huayin Huang
- The
State Key Lab of Structural Chemistry and The Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
| | - Hua Zong
- The
State Key Lab of Structural Chemistry and The Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
| | - Ling Song
- The
State Key Lab of Structural Chemistry and The Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
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35
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Rocco A, Maruška A, Fanali S. Enantiomeric separations by means of nano-LC. J Sep Sci 2013; 36:421-44. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201200886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2012] [Revised: 10/24/2012] [Accepted: 10/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rocco
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnologies; Vytautas Magnus University; Kaunas Lithuania
- Institute of Chemical Methodologies; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche; Rome Italy
| | - Audrius Maruška
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnologies; Vytautas Magnus University; Kaunas Lithuania
| | - Salvatore Fanali
- Institute of Chemical Methodologies; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche; Rome Italy
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Abstract
Chiral recognition phenomena play an important role in nature as well as analytical separation sciences. In separation sciences such as chromatography and capillary electrophoresis, enantiospecific interactions between the enantiomers of an analyte and the chiral selector are required in order to observe enantioseparations. Due to the large structural variety of chiral selectors applied, different mechanisms and structural features contribute to the chiral recognition process. This chapter briefly illustrates the current models of the enantiospecific recognition on the structural basics of various chiral selectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard K E Scriba
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany.
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37
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Chiral Supramolecular Selectors for Enantiomer Differentiation in Liquid Chromatography. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2013; 340:73-105. [DOI: 10.1007/128_2013_452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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38
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Vozka J, Kalíková K, Janečková L, Armstrong DW, Tesařová E. Chiral HPLC Separation on Derivatized Cyclofructan Versus Cyclodextrin Stationary Phases. ANAL LETT 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2012.686128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Janečková L, Kalíková K, Vozka J, Armstrong DW, Bosáková Z, Tesařová E. Characterization of cyclofructan-based chiral stationary phases by linear free energy relationship. J Sep Sci 2011; 34:2639-44. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201100462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2011] [Revised: 07/11/2011] [Accepted: 07/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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41
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Budnikov GK, Evtyugin GA, Budnikova YG, Al’fonsov VA. Chemically modified electrodes with amperometric response in enantioselective analysis. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2011. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934808010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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42
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Cyclofructan 6 based stationary phases for hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:270-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2010] [Revised: 11/09/2010] [Accepted: 11/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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43
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Hamoudi M, Trichard L, Grossiord JL, Chaminade P, Duchêne D, Le Bas G, Fattal E, Bochot A. Interactions entre les cyclodextrines et les triglycérides : de la stabilisation des émulsions à l’obtention d’un nouveau système galénique appelé « billes ». ANNALES PHARMACEUTIQUES FRANÇAISES 2009; 67:391-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharma.2009.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2009] [Revised: 08/25/2009] [Accepted: 08/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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44
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Qi L, Yang G. Enantioseparation of dansyl amino acids by ligand-exchange capillary electrophoresis with zinc(II)-L
-phenylalaninamide complex. J Sep Sci 2009; 32:3209-14. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200900328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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45
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Si-Ahmed K, Tazerouti F, Badjah-Hadj-Ahmed AY, Aturki Z, D'Orazio G, Rocco A, Fanali S. Optical isomer separation of flavanones and flavanone glycosides by nano-liquid chromatography using a phenyl-carbamate-propyl-beta-cyclodextrin chiral stationary phase. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1217:1175-82. [PMID: 19699481 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.07.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2009] [Revised: 07/23/2009] [Accepted: 07/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this paper a phenyl-carbamate-propyl-beta-cyclodextrin stationary phase was employed for the enantioseparation of several flavonoids, including flavanones and methoxyflavanones by using nano-liquid chromatography (nano-LC). The same stationary phase was also used for the diastereoisomeric separation of two flavanone glycosides. The compounds: flavanone, 2'-hydroxyflavanone, 4'-hydroxyflavanone, 6-hydroxyflavanone, 7-hydroxyflavanone, 4'-methoxyflavanone, 6-methoxyflavanone, 7-methoxyflavanone, hesperetin, hesperidin, naringenin and naringin were studied using reversed, polar organic and normal elution modes. The effect of the nature and composition of the mobile phase (organic modifier type, buffer and water content in the reversed phase mode) on the enantioresolution (R(s)), retention factor (k) and enantioselectivity (alpha) were investigated. Baseline resolution of all studied flavonoids, with the exception of 2'-hydroxyflavanone and naringin, was achieved in reversed phase mode using a mixture of MeOH/H(2)O at different ratios as mobile phase. Good results, in terms of peak efficiency and short analysis time, were obtained adding 1% triethylammonium acetate pH 4.5 buffer to MeOH/H(2)O mixture. The separation of the studied compounds was also performed in polar organic mode. By using 100% of MeOH as mobile phase, the resolution was achieved for the studied analytes, except for 7-hydroxyflavanone, 2'-hydroxyflavanone, naringenin, hesperidin and naringin. Normal mode was tested employing a mixture of EtOH/hexane/TFA as mobile phase achieving the enantiomeric and diastereomeric separation of only hesperetin and hesperidin, respectively. The use of nano-LC technique for the resolution of flavanones optical isomers allowed to achieve good resolutions in shorter analysis time compared to the results reported in literature with conventional HPLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kahina Si-Ahmed
- Institute of Chemical Methodologies, Italian National Council of Research, Area della Ricerca di Roma, Via Salaria Km 29, 300-00015 Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, Italy
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46
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Enantiomeric separation of acidic compounds by nano-liquid chromatography with methylated-β-cyclodextrin as a mobile phase additive. J Sep Sci 2009; 32:1696-703. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200800667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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47
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Immobilized-type chiral packing materials for HPLC based on polysaccharide derivatives☆. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2008; 875:2-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2008.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2008] [Revised: 04/23/2008] [Accepted: 04/24/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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48
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Si Ahmed K, Tazerouti F, Badjah-Hadj-Ahmed AY, Meklati BY. Preparation and chromatographic properties of a multimodal chiral stationary phase based on phenyl-carbamate-propyl-beta-CD for HPLC. J Sep Sci 2007; 30:2025-36. [PMID: 17625796 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200700047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A phenylcarbamate derivative of 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-CD bonded stationary phase was prepared by a previously described method. Its enantiomeric recognition abilities were evaluated as chiral stationary phase (CSP) in normal, polar organic and RP conditions by HPLC. The relevant structural features of the prepared stationary phase which make it an effective chiral selector are discussed. This material seems to have an excellent enantioselectivity for a variety of racemic analytes in the three modes. Hence it can be considered a highly effective multimodal column. Retention factor (k), selectivity (alpha) and resolution (R(s)) were the chosen parameters to describe the column performance. Optimization of these separations was discussed in terms of mobile phase composition, flow rate and structural patterns of the injected analytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kahina Si Ahmed
- Laboratoire d'Analyse Organique Fonctionnelle, Faculté de Chimie, USTHB, Alger, Algeria
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Li Z, Wang M, Wang F, Gu Z, Du G, Wu J, Chen J. gamma-Cyclodextrin: a review on enzymatic production and applications. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2007; 77:245-55. [PMID: 17891389 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-007-1166-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2007] [Revised: 08/13/2007] [Accepted: 08/15/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Cyclodextrins are cyclic alpha-1,4-glucans that are produced from starch or starch derivates using cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase (CGTase). The most common forms are alpha-, beta-, and gamma-cyclodextrins. This mini-review focuses on the enzymatic production, unique properties, and applications of gamma-cyclodextrin as well as its difference with alpha- and beta-cyclodextrins. As all known wild-type CGTases produce a mixture of alpha-, beta-, and gamma-cyclodextrins, the obtaining of a CGTase predominantly producing gamma-cyclodextrin is discussed. Recently, more economic production processes for gamma-cyclodextrin have been developed using improved gamma-CGTases and appropriate complexing agents. Compared with alpha- and beta-cyclodextrins, gamma-cyclodextrin has a larger internal cavity, higher water solubility, and more bioavailability, so it has wider applications in many industries, especially in the food and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaofeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Ave., Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
Molecular recognition of different enantiomers of a drug has become of increasing importance in the last decade due to the racemic switch strategy adapted by the pharmaceutical industry. Different analytical techniques to carry out enantioselective analysis of chiral compounds have been suggested in the literature. In the following, a brief overview of different techniques used for enantioselective analysis is given. Challenging aspects of these techniques, such as the quality of analytical information received from each technique, advantages, and disadvantages are discussed. Alternatives (enantioselective membranes, amperometric biosensors, molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs)), capable of meeting the requirements of industrial processes, in terms of productivity, cost-effectiveness, and environmental issues are critically reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emad L Izake
- Forensic Chemistry Section, Pathology and Scientific Services, Queensland Health, Queensland Government, Australia.
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