1
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Kautu A, Sharma S, Singh R, Negi SS, Singh N, Swain N, Kumar V, Kumar N, Gupta P, Bhatia D, Joshi KB. Metallopeptide nanoreservoirs for concurrent imaging and detoxification of lead (Pb) from human retinal pigment epithelial (hRPE1) cells. NANOSCALE 2024. [PMID: 39046356 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr02236j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Inspired by natural metallopeptides, our work focuses on engineering self-assembling nanostructures of C2-symmetric metallopeptide conjugates (MPC) from a pyridine-bis-tripeptide bioprobe that uniquely detects lead (Pb2+) ions by emitting a fluorescence signal at 450 nm, which is further intensified in the presence of DAPI (λem = 458 nm), enhancing the bioimaging quality. This study enables precise lead quantification by modulating the ionic conformation and morphology. Experimental and theoretical insights elucidate the nanostructure formation mechanism, laying the groundwork for materials encapsulation and advancing lead detoxification. Our proof-of-principle experiment, demonstrating actin filament recovery in lead-treated cells, signifies therapeutic potential for intracellular lead aggregation and introduces novel avenues in biotechnological applications within biomaterials science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aanand Kautu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Dr Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar, MP, 470003, India.
| | - Shruti Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Dr Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar, MP, 470003, India.
| | - Ramesh Singh
- Department of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Palaj, Gujarat 382355, India.
| | - Saurabh Singh Negi
- Computational Catalysis Centre, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, 247667 Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Narendra Singh
- Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, U.P., 208016, India
| | - Narayan Swain
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Dr Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar, MP, 470003, India.
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Government College Khimlasha, M.P., India
| | - Nikunj Kumar
- Computational Catalysis Centre, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, 247667 Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Puneet Gupta
- Computational Catalysis Centre, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, 247667 Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Dhiraj Bhatia
- Department of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Palaj, Gujarat 382355, India.
| | - Khashti Ballabh Joshi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Dr Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar, MP, 470003, India.
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2
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Grohn K, Parella K, Lumen E, Colegrove H, Bjork V, Franceski A, Wolfe A, Moody K. Comparative transport analysis of cell penetrating peptides and Lysosomal sequences for selective tropism towards RPE cells. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3651531. [PMID: 38234750 PMCID: PMC10793506 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3651531/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Cell penetrating peptides are typically nonspecific, targeting multiple cell types without discrimination. However, subsets of Cell penetrating peptides (CPP) have been found, which show a 'homing' capacity or increased likelihood of internalizing into specific cell types and subcellular locations. Therapeutics intended to be delivered to tissues with a high degree of cellular diversity, such as the intraocular space, would benefit from delivery using CPP that can discriminate across multiple cell types. Lysosomal storage diseases in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) can impair cargo clearance, leading to RPE atrophy and blindness. Characterizing CPP for their capacity to effectively deliver cargo to the lysosomes of different cell types may expand treatment options for lysosomal storage disorders. We developed a combinatorial library of CPP and lysosomal sorting signals, applied to ARPE19 and B3 corneal lens cells, for the purpose of determining cell line specificity and internal targeting. Several candidate classes of CPP were found to have as much as 4 times the internalization efficiency in ARPE19 compared to B3. Follow-up cargo transport studies were also performed, which demonstrate effective internalization and lysosomal targeting in ARPE19 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kris Grohn
- SUNY-ESF: SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry
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3
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Gori A, Lodigiani G, Colombarolli SG, Bergamaschi G, Vitali A. Cell Penetrating Peptides: Classification, Mechanisms, Methods of Study, and Applications. ChemMedChem 2023; 18:e202300236. [PMID: 37389978 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202300236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) encompass a class of peptides that possess the remarkable ability to cross cell membranes and deliver various types of cargoes, including drugs, nucleic acids, and proteins, into cells. For this reason, CPPs are largely investigated in drug delivery applications in the context of many diseases, such as cancer, diabetes, and genetic disorders. While sharing this functionality and some common structural features, such as a high content of positively charged amino acids, CPPs represent an extremely diverse group of elements, which can differentiate under many aspects. In this review, we summarize the most common characteristics of CPPs, introduce their main distinctive features, mechanistic aspects that drive their function, and outline the most widely used techniques for their structural and functional studies. We highlight current gaps and future perspectives in this field, which have the potential to significantly impact the future field of drug delivery and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Gori
- SCITEC - Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta", National Research Council of Italy, Via Mario Bianco 9, 20131, Milano, Italy
| | - Giulia Lodigiani
- SCITEC - Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta", National Research Council of Italy, Via Mario Bianco 9, 20131, Milano, Italy
| | - Stella G Colombarolli
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta", National Research Council of Italy, L.go F. Vito 1, 00168, Roma, Italy
| | - Greta Bergamaschi
- SCITEC - Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta", National Research Council of Italy, Via Mario Bianco 9, 20131, Milano, Italy
| | - Alberto Vitali
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta", National Research Council of Italy, L.go F. Vito 1, 00168, Roma, Italy
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4
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Morofuji R, Enomoto H, Honda T, Oyama Y, Ishida R, Kudo K, Okabe K. Exploring Cell-Penetrating Peptides as Penetration Enhancers in Eye Drop Formulations Using a Reconstructed Human Corneal Epithelial Model. Biol Pharm Bull 2023; 46:1720-1730. [PMID: 38044130 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b23-00457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Ocular tissues function as biological barriers that hinder drug delivery, depending on the target tissue and route of administration, and must be overcome to achieve the desired therapeutic effect. Penetration enhancers have long been investigated to improve corneal drug penetration via eye drop instillation; however, further development is warranted owing to potential safety concerns. In the present study, we focused on cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) as a penetration enhancer to address the requirements and explored CPP candidates suitable for corneal drug delivery. Using a reconstructed human corneal epithelial tissue model, LabCyte CORNEA-MODEL24 as an alternative to animal testing that is expected to have higher reproducibility than extracted eyeballs and octa-arginine (R8) as a representative model CPP with simple structure, we investigated the enhancement of 6-carboxyfluorescein (6-FAM) uptake by fluorescence imaging and the potential of eye irritation by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Also, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) evaluated the interaction between R8 and model compounds, suggesting that the stronger interaction could facilitate the corneal uptake of compounds. A comparative screening study of corneal uptake using various CPPs showed that the CPPs other than R8 also have the potential to enhance the corneal uptake of 6-FAM. In particular, penetratin (PNT) showed stronger fluorescence intensity. Through these findings, this manuscript provides beneficial information for the development of a novel corneal penetration enhancer with CPPs. In the future, it is expected that the basic findings with R8 will be verified to be applicable to other CPPs for development as penetration enhancers for eye drop formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Morofuji
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology
- Pharmaceutical Development Division, Nara Research & Development Center, Santen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
| | - Hiroshi Enomoto
- Pharmaceutical Development Division, Nara Research & Development Center, Santen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
| | - Takahiro Honda
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology
- Pharmaceutical Development Division, Nara Research & Development Center, Santen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
| | - Yuki Oyama
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology
| | - Reiji Ishida
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology
| | - Kazuhiro Kudo
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology
- Pharmaceutical Development Division, Nara Research & Development Center, Santen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
| | - Komei Okabe
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology
- Pharmaceutical Development Division, Nara Research & Development Center, Santen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
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5
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Ouyang J, Sheng Y, Wang W. Recent Advances of Studies on Cell-Penetrating Peptides Based on Molecular Dynamics Simulations. Cells 2022; 11:cells11244016. [PMID: 36552778 PMCID: PMC9776715 DOI: 10.3390/cells11244016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
With the ability to transport cargo molecules across cell membranes with low toxicity, cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) have become promising candidates for next generation peptide-based drug delivery vectors. Over the past three decades since the first CPP was discovered, a great deal of work has been done on the cellular uptake mechanisms and the applications for the delivery of therapeutic molecules, and significant advances have been made. But so far, we still do not have a precise and unified understanding of the structure-activity relationship of the CPPs. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations provide a method to reveal peptide-membrane interactions at the atomistic level and have become an effective complement to experiments. In this paper, we review the progress of the MD simulations on CPP-membrane interactions, including the computational methods and technical improvements in the MD simulations, the research achievements in the CPP internalization mechanism, CPP decoration and coupling, and the peptide-induced membrane reactions during the penetration process, as well as the comparison of simulated and experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ouyang
- School of Public Courses, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yuebiao Sheng
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- High Performance Computing Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Correspondence: (Y.S.); (W.W.)
| | - Wei Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Correspondence: (Y.S.); (W.W.)
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6
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A Peptide Inhibitor of the Human Cytomegalovirus Core Nuclear Egress Complex. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15091040. [PMID: 36145260 PMCID: PMC9505826 DOI: 10.3390/ph15091040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The replication of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) involves a process termed nuclear egress, which enables translocation of newly formed viral capsids from the nucleus into the cytoplasm. The HCMV core nuclear egress complex (core NEC), a heterodimer of viral proteins pUL50 and pUL53, is therefore considered a promising target for new antiviral drugs. We have recently shown that a 29-mer peptide presenting an N-terminal alpha-helical hook-like segment of pUL53, through which pUL53 interacts with pUL50, binds to pUL50 with high affinity, and inhibits the pUL50–pUL53 interaction in vitro. Here, we show that this peptide is also able to interfere with HCMV infection of cells, as well as with core NEC formation in HCMV-infected cells. As the target of the peptide, i.e., the pUL50–pUL53 interaction, is localized at the inner nuclear membrane of the cell, the peptide had to be equipped with translocation moieties that facilitate peptide uptake into the cell and the nucleus, respectively. For the resulting fusion peptide (NLS-CPP-Hook), specific cellular and nuclear uptake into HFF cells, as well as inhibition of infection with HCMV, could be demonstrated, further substantiating the HCMV core NEC as a potential antiviral target.
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7
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A Second Life for MAP, a Model Amphipathic Peptide. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158322. [PMID: 35955457 PMCID: PMC9368858 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-penetrating peptides (CPP) have been shown to be efficient in the transport of cargoes into the cells, namely siRNA and DNA, proteins and peptides, and in some cases, small therapeutics. These peptides have emerged as a solution to increase drug concentrations in different tissues and various cell types, therefore having a relevant therapeutic relevance which led to clinical trials. One of them, MAP, is a model amphipathic peptide with an α-helical conformation and both hydrophilic and hydrophobic residues in opposite sides of the helix. It is composed of a mixture of alanines, leucines, and lysines (KLALKLALKALKAALKLA). The CPP MAP has the ability to translocate oligonucleotides, peptides and small proteins. However, taking advantage of its unique properties, in recent years innovative concepts were developed, such as in silico studies of modelling with receptors, coupling and repurposing drugs in the central nervous system and oncology, or involving the construction of dual-drug delivery systems using nanoparticles. In addition to designs of MAP-linked vehicles and strategies to achieve highly effective yet less toxic chemotherapy, this review will be focused on unique molecular structure and how it determines its cellular activity, and also intends to address the most recent and frankly motivating issues for the future.
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8
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Abstract
In this introductory chapter, we first define cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs), give short overview of CPP history and discuss several aspects of CPP classification. Next section is devoted to the mechanism of CPP penetration into the cells, where direct and endocytic internalization of CPP is explained. Kinetics of internalization is discussed more extensively, since this topic is not discussed in other chapters of this book. At the end of this section some features of the thermodynamics of CPP interaction with the membrane is also presented. Finally, we present different cargoes that can be transferred into the cells by CPPs and briefly discuss the effect of cargo on the rate and efficiency of penetration into the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matjaž Zorko
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Ülo Langel
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden.,Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
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9
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Desale K, Kuche K, Jain S. Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs): an overview of applications for improving the potential of nanotherapeutics. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:1153-1188. [PMID: 33355322 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm01755h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In the field of nanotherapeutics, gaining cellular entry into the cytoplasm of the target cell continues to be an ultimate challenge. There are many physicochemical factors such as charge, size and molecular weight of the molecules and delivery vehicles, which restrict their cellular entry. Hence, to dodge such situations, a class of short peptides called cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) was brought into use. CPPs can effectively interact with the cell membrane and can assist in achieving the desired intracellular entry. Such strategy is majorly employed in the field of cancer therapy and diagnosis, but now it is also used for other purposes such as evaluation of atherosclerotic plaques, determination of thrombin levels and HIV therapy. Thus, the current review expounds on each of these mentioned aspects. Further, the review briefly summarizes the basic know-how of CPPs, their utility as therapeutic molecules, their use in cancer therapy, tumor imaging and their assistance to nanocarriers in improving their membrane penetrability. The review also discusses the challenges faced with CPPs pertaining to their stability and also mentions the strategies to overcome them. Thus, in a nutshell, this review will assist in understanding how CPPs can present novel possibilities for resolving the conventional issues faced with the present-day nanotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalyani Desale
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab-160062, India.
| | - Kaushik Kuche
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab-160062, India.
| | - Sanyog Jain
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab-160062, India.
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10
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McErlean EM, Ziminska M, McCrudden CM, McBride JW, Loughran SP, Cole G, Mulholland EJ, Kett V, Buckley NE, Robson T, Dunne NJ, McCarthy HO. Rational design and characterisation of a linear cell penetrating peptide for non-viral gene delivery. J Control Release 2020; 330:1288-1299. [PMID: 33227336 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The design of a non-viral gene delivery system that can release a functional nucleic acid at the intracellular destination site is an exciting but also challenging proposition. The ideal gene delivery vector must be non-toxic, non-immunogenic, overcome extra- and intra-cellular barriers, protect the nucleic acid cargo from degradation with stability over a range of temperatures. A new 15 amino acid linear peptide termed CHAT was designed in this study with the goal of delivering DNA with high efficiency into cells in vitro and tissues in vivo. Rational design involved incorporation of key amino acids including arginine for nucleic acid complexation and cellular uptake, tryptophan to enhance hydrophobic interaction with cell membranes, histidine to facilitate endosomal escape and cysteine for stability and controlled cargo release. Six linear peptides were synthesised with strategic sequences and amino acid substitutions. Data demonstrated that all six peptides complexed pDNA to produce cationic nanoparticles less than 200 nm in diameter, but not all peptides resulted in successful transfection; indicating the influence of peptide design for endosomal escape. Peptide 4, now termed CHAT, was non-cytotoxic, traversed the plasma membrane of breast and prostate cancer cell lines, and elicited reporter-gene expression following intra-tumoural and intravenous delivery in vivo. CHAT presents an exciting new peptide for the delivery of nucleic acid therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma M McErlean
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Monika Ziminska
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Cian M McCrudden
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - John W McBride
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Stephen P Loughran
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Grace Cole
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Eoghan J Mulholland
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Vicky Kett
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Niamh E Buckley
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Tracy Robson
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons Ireland, 111 St Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Nicholas J Dunne
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland; Centre for Medical Engineering Research, School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland; Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; Advanced Manufacturing Research Centre (I-Form), School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland; Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Helen O McCarthy
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland.
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Covarrubias-Zambrano O, Shrestha TB, Pyle M, Montes-Gonzalez M, Troyer DL, Bossmann SH. Development of a Gene Delivery System Composed of a Cell-Penetrating Peptide and a Nontoxic Polymer. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:7418-7427. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tej B. Shrestha
- Nanotechnology Innovation Center of Kansas State, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
- Department of Anatomy & Physiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Marla Pyle
- Department of Anatomy & Physiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Maria Montes-Gonzalez
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Deryl L. Troyer
- Department of Anatomy & Physiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Stefan H. Bossmann
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, United States
- Drug Discovery, Delivery & Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, United States
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12
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Fenton D, Phillips D, Maddison A, H George C, Ryves J, D Jones H. Cupid, a cell permeable peptide derived from amoeba, capable of delivering GFP into a diverse range of species. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13725. [PMID: 32792509 PMCID: PMC7426420 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70532-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell permeating peptides (CPPs) are attracting great interest for use as molecular delivery vehicles for the transport of biologically active cargo across the cell membrane. The sequence of a novel CPP sequence, termed ‘Cupid’, was identified from the genome of Dictyostelium discoideum. A Cupid-Green Fluorescent Protein (Cupid-GFP) fusion protein was tested on mammalian, whole plant cells, plant leaf protoplast and fungal cell cultures and observed using confocal microscopy. GFP fluorescence builds up within the cell cytosol in 60 min, demonstrating Cupid-GFP has permeated them and folded correctly into its fluorescent form. Our combined data suggest Cupid can act as a molecular vehicle capable of delivering proteins, such as GFP, into the cytosol of a variety of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Fenton
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Penglais, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3DA, Wales, UK
| | - Dylan Phillips
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Penglais, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3DA, Wales, UK
| | - Anne Maddison
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Penglais, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3DA, Wales, UK
| | - Christopher H George
- Institute of Life Sciences, Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park Campus, Swansea, SA2 8PP, Wales, UK
| | - Jonathan Ryves
- Cupid Peptides, Cardiff Medicentre, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4UJ, Wales, UK.
| | - Huw D Jones
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Penglais, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3DA, Wales, UK.
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13
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Terada K, Gimenez-Dejoz J, Miyagi Y, Oikawa K, Tsuchiya K, Numata K. Artificial Cell-Penetrating Peptide Containing Periodic α-Aminoisobutyric Acid with Long-Term Internalization Efficiency in Human and Plant Cells. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:3287-3298. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c00182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kayo Terada
- Biomacromolecules Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Joan Gimenez-Dejoz
- Biomacromolecules Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yu Miyagi
- Biomacromolecules Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Kazusato Oikawa
- Biomacromolecules Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Kousuke Tsuchiya
- Biomacromolecules Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Keiji Numata
- Biomacromolecules Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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14
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Gomes Dos Reis L, Traini D. Advances in the use of cell penetrating peptides for respiratory drug delivery. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2020; 17:647-664. [PMID: 32138567 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2020.1739646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Respiratory diseases are leading causes of death in the world, still inhalation therapies are the largest fail in drug development. There is an evident need to develop new therapies. Biomolecules represent apotential therapeutic agent in this regard, however their translation to the clinic is hindered by the lack of tools to efficiently deliver molecules. Cell penetrating peptides (CPPs) have arisen as apotential strategy for intracellular delivery that could theoretically enable the translation of new therapies.Areas covered: In this review, the use of CPPs as astrategy to deliver different molecules (cargoes) to treat lung-relateddiseases will be the focus. Abrief description of these molecules and the innovative methods in designing new CPPs is presented. The delivery of different cargoes (proteins, peptides, poorly soluble drugs and nucleic acids) using CPPs is discussed, focusing on benefits to treat different respiratory diseases like inflammatory disorders, cystic fibrosis and lung cancer.Expert opinion: The advantages of using CPPs to deliver biomolecules and poorly soluble drugs to the lungs is evident. This field has advanced in the past few years toward targeted intracellular delivery, although further studies are needed to fully understand its potential and limitations in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Gomes Dos Reis
- Respiratory Technology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research and Discipline of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Daniela Traini
- Respiratory Technology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research and Discipline of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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15
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Ionpair-π interactions favor cell penetration of arginine/tryptophan-rich cell-penetrating peptides. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2020; 1862:183098. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2019.183098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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16
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Behzadipour Y, Hemmati S. Considerations on the Rational Design of Covalently Conjugated Cell-Penetrating Peptides (CPPs) for Intracellular Delivery of Proteins: A Guide to CPP Selection Using Glucarpidase as the Model Cargo Molecule. Molecules 2019; 24:E4318. [PMID: 31779220 PMCID: PMC6930620 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24234318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Access of proteins to their intracellular targets is limited by a hydrophobic barrier called the cellular membrane. Conjugation with cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) has been shown to improve protein transduction into the cells. This conjugation can be either covalent or non-covalent, each with its unique pros and cons. The CPP-protein covalent conjugation may result in undesirable structural and functional alterations in the target protein. Therefore, we propose a systematic approach to evaluate different CPPs for covalent conjugations. This guide is presented using the carboxypeptidase G2 (CPG2) enzyme as the target protein. Seventy CPPs -out of 1155- with the highest probability of uptake efficiency were selected. These peptides were then conjugated to the N- or C-terminus of CPG2. Translational efficacy of the conjugates, robustness and thermodynamic properties of the chimera, aggregation possibility, folding rate, backbone flexibility, and aspects of in vivo administration such as protease susceptibility were predicted. The effect of the position of conjugation was evaluated using unpaired t-test (p < 0.05). It was concluded that N-terminal conjugation resulted in higher quality constructs. Seventeen CPP-CPG2/CPG2-CPP constructs were identified as the most promising. Based on this study, the bioinformatics workflow that is presented may be universally applied to any CPP-protein conjugate design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasaman Behzadipour
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71345-1583, Iran;
| | - Shiva Hemmati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71345-1583, Iran;
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71345-1583, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71345-1583, Iran
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17
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Kim DJ, Chang SS, Lee J. Anti-Aging Potential of Substance P-Based Hydrogel for Human Skin Longevity. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20184453. [PMID: 31509972 PMCID: PMC6770478 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin aging is generally caused by a decline in the components of the extracellular matrix (e.g., collagen and elastin) and due to inflammatory phenomena. Many growth factors and peptides with cell-growth and collagen-synthesis activities have shown promise in their application in anti-aging materials. However, the effect of collagen production, without anti-inflammatory effect, and skin penetration may not be enough for their use in anti-aging agents. Previously, we reported a substance P (SP)-based hydrogel (SP gel) that had potential wound-healing activities via induction of skin cell regeneration and collagen synthesis. Here, we analyzed the anti-aging activities and skin absorption effects of SP gel to extend its characterization. Toxicity tests, performed on human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) and on a reconstructed 3D human skin model, indicated SP gel to be safe for long-term use, without causing irritation, even at high concentrations. In-vitro analysis revealed that SP gel elicited stronger collagen production activities than SP alone, and promoted anti-inflammatory effects with increased skin absorption properties. Moreover, SP gel did not induce melanin synthesis in a keratinocyte-melanocyte co-culture system. Together, the results suggest that SP gel has potential cosmetic effects and applicability as a novel ingredient in anti-aging products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Jung Kim
- Research and Development Institute, Biosolution, Seoul 01811, Korea.
| | - Song Sun Chang
- Research and Development Institute, Biosolution, Seoul 01811, Korea.
| | - Jungsun Lee
- Research and Development Institute, Biosolution, Seoul 01811, Korea.
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18
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Xu J, Khan AR, Fu M, Wang R, Ji J, Zhai G. Cell-penetrating peptide: a means of breaking through the physiological barriers of different tissues and organs. J Control Release 2019; 309:106-124. [PMID: 31323244 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The selective infiltration of cell membranes and tissue barriers often blocks the entry of most active molecules. This natural defense mechanism prevents the invasion of exogenous substances and limits the therapeutic value of most available molecules. Therefore, it is particularly important to find appropriate ways of membrane translocation and therapeutic agent delivery to its target site. Cell penetrating peptides (CPPs) are a group of short peptides harnessed in this condition, possessing a significant capacity for membrane transduction and could be exploited to transfer various biologically active cargoes into the cells. Since their discovery, CPPs have been employed for delivery of a wide variety of therapeutic molecules to treat various disorders including cranial nerve involvement, ocular inflammation, myocardial ischemia, dermatosis and cancer. The promising results of CPPs-derived therapeutics in various tumor models demonstrated a potential and worthwhile scope of CPPs in chemotherapy. This review describes the detailed description of CPPs and CPPs-assisted molecular delivery against various tissues and organs disorders. An emphasis is focused on summarizing the novel insights and achievements of CPPs in surmounting the natural membrane barriers during the last 5 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangkang Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Abdur Rauf Khan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Manfei Fu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Rujuan Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Jianbo Ji
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Guangxi Zhai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.
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19
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Cell penetrating peptides: A concise review with emphasis on biomedical applications. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 108:1090-1096. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.09.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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20
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Peptide-based targeted therapeutics: Focus on cancer treatment. J Control Release 2018; 292:141-162. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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21
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Krause T, Röckendorf N, El-Sourani N, Ramaker K, Henkel M, Hauke S, Borschbach M, Frey A. Breeding Cell Penetrating Peptides: Optimization of Cellular Uptake by a Function-Driven Evolutionary Process. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:4020-4029. [PMID: 30380293 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
In nature, building block-based biopolymers can adapt to functional and environmental demands by recombination and mutation of the monomer sequence. We present here an analogous, artificial evolutionary optimization process which we have applied to improve the functionality of cell-penetrating peptide molecules. The "evolution" consisted of repeated rounds of in silico peptide sequence alterations using a genetic algorithm followed by in vitro peptide synthesis, experimental analysis, and ranking according to their "fitness" (i.e., their ability to carry the cargo carboxyfluorescein into cultured cells). The genetic algorithm-based optimization method was customized and adapted from former successful applications in the lab to realize an early convergence and a minimum number of in vitro and in silico processing steps by configured settings derived from empirical in silico simulation. We started out with 20 "lead peptides" which we had previously identified as top performers regarding their ability to enter cultured cells. Ten breeding rounds comprising 240 peptides each yielded a peptide population of which the top 10 candidates displayed a 6-fold (median values) increase in its cell-penetration capability compared with the top 10 lead peptides, and two consensus sequences emerged which represent local fitness optima. In addition, the cell-penetrating potential could be proven independently of the carboxyfluorescein cargo in an alternative setting. Our results demonstrate that we have established a powerful optimization technology that can be used to further improve peptides with known functionality and adapt them to specific applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten Krause
- Department of Mucosal Immunology and Diagnostics , Priority Area Asthma and Allergy, Research Center Borstel , 23845 Borstel , Germany ; Member of Leibniz Health Technologies
| | - Niels Röckendorf
- Department of Mucosal Immunology and Diagnostics , Priority Area Asthma and Allergy, Research Center Borstel , 23845 Borstel , Germany ; Member of Leibniz Health Technologies
| | - Nail El-Sourani
- Faculty of Computer Science , FHDW University of Applied Sciences , 51465 Bergisch Gladbach , Germany
| | - Katrin Ramaker
- Department of Mucosal Immunology and Diagnostics , Priority Area Asthma and Allergy, Research Center Borstel , 23845 Borstel , Germany ; Member of Leibniz Health Technologies
| | - Maik Henkel
- Department of Mucosal Immunology and Diagnostics , Priority Area Asthma and Allergy, Research Center Borstel , 23845 Borstel , Germany ; Member of Leibniz Health Technologies
| | - Sascha Hauke
- Faculty of Computer Science , FHDW University of Applied Sciences , 51465 Bergisch Gladbach , Germany
| | - Markus Borschbach
- Faculty of Computer Science , FHDW University of Applied Sciences , 51465 Bergisch Gladbach , Germany
| | - Andreas Frey
- Department of Mucosal Immunology and Diagnostics , Priority Area Asthma and Allergy, Research Center Borstel , 23845 Borstel , Germany ; Member of Leibniz Health Technologies
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22
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BÖHMOVÁ E, MACHOVÁ D, PECHAR M, POLA R, VENCLÍKOVÁ K, JANOUŠKOVÁ O, ETRYCH T. Cell-Penetrating Peptides: a Useful Tool for the Delivery of Various Cargoes Into Cells. Physiol Res 2018; 67:S267-S279. [DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-penetrating compounds are substances that enhance the cellular uptake of various molecular cargoes that do not easily cross the cellular membrane. The majority of cell-penetrating compounds described in the literature are cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs). This review summarizes the various structural types of cell-penetrating compounds, with the main focus on CPPs. The authors present a brief overview of the history of CPPs, discuss the various types of conjugation of CPPs to biologically active cargoes intended for cell internalization, examine the cell-entry mechanisms of CPPs, and report on the applications of CPPs in research and in preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. BÖHMOVÁ
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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23
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Ramaker K, Henkel M, Krause T, Röckendorf N, Frey A. Cell penetrating peptides: a comparative transport analysis for 474 sequence motifs. Drug Deliv 2018; 25:928-937. [PMID: 29656676 PMCID: PMC6058608 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2018.1458921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Delivering reagents into cells is a key demand in molecular medicine. The vehicle of choice is often cell penetrating peptides (CPPs), which can ferry conjugated cargo across membranes. Although numerous peptides have been shown to promote such uptake events, there has been no comprehensive comparison of individual performance under standardized conditions. We have devised a method to rapidly analyze the ability of a multitude of CPP conjugates to carry a model cargo into HeLa cells. Sequence information for 474 CPPs was collected from literature sources, and the respective peptides were synthesized and modified with carboxyfluorescein (FAM) as model cargo. All candidates were evaluated in an identical uptake test, and transport was quantified using cellular fluorescence intensities. Substantial differences in the ability to carry the fluorophore into the cells were observed, with transport performance differing by a factor of 70 between the best CPP investigated and cargo alone. Strong correlations were observed between uptake efficiency and both sequence length and the presence of positive net charge. A compilation of the 20 top performers with regard to cargo delivery performance and cell compatibility is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Ramaker
- a Division of Mucosal Immunology and Diagnostics, Priority Area Asthma & Allergy , Research Center Borstel , Borstel , Germany
| | - Maik Henkel
- a Division of Mucosal Immunology and Diagnostics, Priority Area Asthma & Allergy , Research Center Borstel , Borstel , Germany
| | - Thorsten Krause
- a Division of Mucosal Immunology and Diagnostics, Priority Area Asthma & Allergy , Research Center Borstel , Borstel , Germany
| | - Niels Röckendorf
- a Division of Mucosal Immunology and Diagnostics, Priority Area Asthma & Allergy , Research Center Borstel , Borstel , Germany
| | - Andreas Frey
- a Division of Mucosal Immunology and Diagnostics, Priority Area Asthma & Allergy , Research Center Borstel , Borstel , Germany
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24
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Peraro L, Kritzer JA. Emerging Methods and Design Principles for Cell-Penetrant Peptides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:11868-11881. [PMID: 29740917 PMCID: PMC7184558 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201801361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Biomolecules such as antibodies, proteins, and peptides are important tools for chemical biology and leads for drug development. They have been used to inhibit a variety of extracellular proteins, but accessing intracellular proteins has been much more challenging. In this review, we discuss diverse chemical approaches that have yielded cell-penetrant peptides and identify three distinct strategies: masking backbone amides, guanidinium group patterning, and amphipathic patterning. We summarize a growing number of large data sets, which are starting to reveal more specific design guidelines for each strategy. We also discuss advantages and disadvantages of current methods for quantifying cell penetration. Finally, we provide an overview of best-odds approaches for applying these new methods and design principles to optimize cytosolic penetration for a given bioactive peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Peraro
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, 02155, USA
| | - Joshua A Kritzer
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, 02155, USA
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25
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Peraro L, Kritzer JA. Neue Methoden und Designprinzipien für zellgängige Peptide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201801361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leila Peraro
- Department of Chemistry Tufts University Medford Massachusetts 02155 USA
| | - Joshua A. Kritzer
- Department of Chemistry Tufts University Medford Massachusetts 02155 USA
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26
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Numata K, Horii Y, Oikawa K, Miyagi Y, Demura T, Ohtani M. Library screening of cell-penetrating peptide for BY-2 cells, leaves of Arabidopsis, tobacco, tomato, poplar, and rice callus. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10966. [PMID: 30030484 PMCID: PMC6054692 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29298-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) are used for various applications, especially in the biomedical field. Recently, CPPs have been used as a part of carrier to deliver proteins and/or genes into plant cells and tissues; hence, these peptides are attractive tools for plant biotechnological and agricultural applications, but require more efficient delivery rates and optimization by species before wide-scale use can be achieved. Here, we developed a library containing 55 CPPs to determine the optimal CPP characteristics for penetration of BY-2 cells and leaves of Nicotiana benthamiana, Arabidopsis thaliana, tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), poplar (hybrid aspen Populus tremula × tremuloides line T89), and rice (Oryza sativa). By investigating the cell penetration efficiency of CPPs in the library, we identified several efficient CPPs for all the plants studied except rice leaf. In the case of rice, several CPPs showed efficient penetration into rice callus. Furthermore, we examined the relationship between cell penetration efficiency and CPP secondary structural characteristics. The cell penetration efficiency of Lys-containing CPPs was relatively greater in plant than in animal cells, which could be due to differences in lipid composition and surface charge of the cell membranes. The variation in optimal CPPs across the plants studied here suggests that CPPs must be optimized for each plant species and target tissues of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiji Numata
- Biomacromolecules Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.
| | - Yoko Horii
- Biomacromolecules Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Kazusato Oikawa
- Biomacromolecules Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yu Miyagi
- Biomacromolecules Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Taku Demura
- Biomacromolecules Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Misato Ohtani
- Biomacromolecules Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan
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27
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Pescina S, Ostacolo C, Gomez-Monterrey IM, Sala M, Bertamino A, Sonvico F, Padula C, Santi P, Bianchera A, Nicoli S. Cell penetrating peptides in ocular drug delivery: State of the art. J Control Release 2018; 284:84-102. [PMID: 29913221 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Despite the increasing number of effective therapeutics for eye diseases, their treatment is still challenging due to the presence of effective barriers protecting eye tissues. Cell Penetrating Peptides (CPPs), synthetic and natural short amino acid sequences able to cross cellular membrane thanks to a transduction domain, have been proposed as possible enhancing strategies for ophthalmic delivery. In this review, a general description of CPPs classes, design approaches and proposed cellular uptake mechanisms will be provided to the reader as an introduction to ocular CPPs application, together with an overview of the main problems related to ocular administration. The results obtained with CPPs for the treatment of anterior and posterior segment eye diseases will be then introduced, with a focus on non-invasive or minimally invasive administration, shifting from CPPs capability to obtain intracellular delivery to their ability to cross biological barriers. The problems related to in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo models used to investigate CPPs mediated ocular delivery will be also addressed together with potential ocular toxicity issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Pescina
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - C Ostacolo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - I M Gomez-Monterrey
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - M Sala
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - A Bertamino
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - F Sonvico
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - C Padula
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - P Santi
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - A Bianchera
- BiopharmanetTEC, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - S Nicoli
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
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28
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Van der Poorten O, Legrand B, Vezenkov LL, García-Pindado J, Bettache N, Knuhtsen A, Pedersen DS, Sánchez-Navarro M, Martinez J, Teixidó M, Garcia M, Tourwé D, Amblard M, Ballet S. Indoloazepinone-Constrained Oligomers as Cell-Penetrating and Blood-Brain-Barrier-Permeating Compounds. Chembiochem 2018; 19:696-705. [PMID: 29377388 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201700678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Non-cationic and amphipathic indoloazepinone-constrained (Aia) oligomers have been synthesized as new vectors for intracellular delivery. The conformational preferences of the [l-Aia-Xxx]n oligomers were investigated by circular dichroism (CD) and NMR spectroscopy. Whereas Boc-[l-Aia-Gly]2,4 -OBn oligomers 12 and 13 and Boc-[l-Aia-β3 -h-l-Ala]2,4 -OBn oligomers 16 and 17 were totally or partially disordered, Boc-[l-Aia-l-Ala]2 -OBn (14) induced a typical turn stabilized by C5 - and C7 -membered H-bond pseudo-cycles and aromatic interactions. Boc-[l-Aia-l-Ala]4 -OBn (15) exhibited a unique structure with remarkable T-shaped π-stacking interactions involving the indole rings of the four l-Aia residues forming a dense hydrophobic cluster. All of the proposed FITC-6-Ahx-[l-Aia-Xxx]4 -NH2 oligomers 19-23, with the exception of FITC-6-Ahx-[l-Aia-Gly]4 -NH2 (18), were internalized by MDA-MB-231 cells with higher efficiency than the positive references penetratin and Arg8 . In parallel, the compounds of this series were successfully explored in an in vitro blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeation assay. Although no passive diffusion permeability was observed for any of the tested Ac-[l-Aia-Xxx]4 -NH2 oligomers in the PAMPA model, Ac-[l-Aia-l-Arg]4 -NH2 (26) showed significant permeation in the in vitro cell-based human model of the BBB, suggesting an active mechanism of cell penetration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Van der Poorten
- Research Group of Organic Chemistry, Departments of Chemistry and Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Baptiste Legrand
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 15 Avenue Charles Flahault, 34093, Montpellier, Cedex 5, France
| | - Lubomir L Vezenkov
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 15 Avenue Charles Flahault, 34093, Montpellier, Cedex 5, France
| | - Júlia García-Pindado
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nadir Bettache
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 15 Avenue Charles Flahault, 34093, Montpellier, Cedex 5, France
| | - Astrid Knuhtsen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 162, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Daniel Sejer Pedersen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 162, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Macarena Sánchez-Navarro
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jean Martinez
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 15 Avenue Charles Flahault, 34093, Montpellier, Cedex 5, France
| | - Meritxell Teixidó
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marcel Garcia
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 15 Avenue Charles Flahault, 34093, Montpellier, Cedex 5, France
| | - Dirk Tourwé
- Research Group of Organic Chemistry, Departments of Chemistry and Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Muriel Amblard
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 15 Avenue Charles Flahault, 34093, Montpellier, Cedex 5, France
| | - Steven Ballet
- Research Group of Organic Chemistry, Departments of Chemistry and Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
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Cosme PJ, Ye J, Sears S, Wojcikiewicz EP, Terentis AC. Label-Free Confocal Raman Mapping of Transportan in Melanoma Cells. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:851-860. [PMID: 29397737 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) are promising vectors for the intracellular delivery of a variety of membrane-impermeable bioactive compounds. The mechanisms by which CPPs cross the cell membrane, and the effects that CPPs may have on cell function, still remain to be fully clarified. In this work, we employed confocal Raman microscopy (CRM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) to study the infiltration and physiological effects of the amphipathic CPP transportan (Tp) on the metastatic melanoma cell line SK-Mel-2. CRM enabled the detection of label-free Tp within the cells. Raman maps of live cells revealed rapid entry (within 5 min) and widespread distribution of the peptide throughout the cytoplasm and the presence of the peptide within the nucleus after ∼20 min. Principal component analysis of the CRM data collected from Tp-treated and untreated cells showed that Tp Raman bands were not positively correlated with lipid Raman bands, indicating that Tp entered the cells via a nonendocytic mechanism. Analysis of intracellularly recovered Tp by mass spectrometry showed that Tp remained intact in SK-Mel-2 cells for up to 24 h. The Raman spectroscopic data also showed that, although Tp was predominantly unstructured (random coil) in aqueous solution, it accumulated to high densities within the cells with mostly β-sheet and α-helical structures. AFM was employed to measure the effect of Tp treatment on cell stiffness. These data showed that Tp induced a significant increase in cell stiffness within the first hour of treatment, which was partially abated after 2 h. It is hypothesized that the increase in cell stiffness was the result of cytoskeletal changes triggered by Tp.
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Perry SR, Hill TA, de Araujo AD, Hoang HN, Fairlie DP. Contiguous hydrophobic and charged surface patches in short helix-constrained peptides drive cell permeability. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:367-371. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ob02952g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Different ways to get peptides into cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel R. Perry
- Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology and ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience
- University of Queensland
- Brisbane
- Australia
| | - Timothy A. Hill
- Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology and ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience
- University of Queensland
- Brisbane
- Australia
| | - Aline D. de Araujo
- Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology and ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience
- University of Queensland
- Brisbane
- Australia
| | - Huy N. Hoang
- Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology and ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience
- University of Queensland
- Brisbane
- Australia
| | - David P. Fairlie
- Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology and ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience
- University of Queensland
- Brisbane
- Australia
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31
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Chen J, Li H, Chen J. Human epidermal growth factor coupled to different structural classes of cell penetrating peptides: A comparative study. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 105:336-345. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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32
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Cell-penetrating peptide-based non-invasive topical delivery systems. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40005-017-0373-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Klein MJ, Schmidt S, Wadhwani P, Bürck J, Reichert J, Afonin S, Berditsch M, Schober T, Brock R, Kansy M, Ulrich AS. Lactam-Stapled Cell-Penetrating Peptides: Cell Uptake and Membrane Binding Properties. J Med Chem 2017; 60:8071-8082. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco J. Klein
- Institute
of Biological Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, POB 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Samuel Schmidt
- Department
of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Parvesh Wadhwani
- Institute
of Biological Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, POB 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Jochen Bürck
- Institute
of Biological Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, POB 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Johannes Reichert
- Institute
of Biological Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, POB 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Sergii Afonin
- Institute
of Biological Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, POB 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Marina Berditsch
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg
6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Tim Schober
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg
6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Roland Brock
- Department
of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Manfred Kansy
- Roche
Pharma Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche
Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG, Grenzacherstrasse
124, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anne S. Ulrich
- Institute
of Biological Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, POB 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg
6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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Lozano T, Gorraiz M, Lasarte-Cía A, Ruiz M, Rabal O, Oyarzabal J, Hervás-Stubbs S, Llopiz D, Sarobe P, Prieto J, Casares N, Lasarte JJ. Blockage of FOXP3 transcription factor dimerization and FOXP3/AML1 interaction inhibits T regulatory cell activity: sequence optimization of a peptide inhibitor. Oncotarget 2017; 8:71709-71724. [PMID: 29069740 PMCID: PMC5641083 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Although T regulatory cells (Treg) are essential for the prevention of autoimmune diseases, their immunoregulatory function restrains the induction of immune responses against cancer. Thus, development of inhibitors of FOXP3, a key transcription factor for the immunosuppressive activity of Treg, might give new therapeutic opportunities. In a previous work we identified a peptide (named P60) able to enter into the cells, bind to FOXP3, and impair Treg activity in vitro and in vivo. Here we show that P60 binds to the intermediate region of FOXP3 and inhibits its homodimerization as well as its interaction with the transcription factor AML1. Alanine-scanning of P60 revealed the relevance of each position on FOXP3 binding, homodimerization, association with AML1 and inhibition of Treg activity. Introduction of alanine at positions 2, 5 and 11 improved the activity of the original P60, whereas alanine mutations at positions 1, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 12 were detrimental. Multiple mutation experiments allowed us to identify peptides with higher FOXP3 binding affinity and stronger biological activity than the original P60. Head to tail macrocyclization of peptide P60-D2A-S5A improved Treg inhibition and enhanced anti-tumor activity of anti-PD1 antibodies in a model of hepatocellular carcinoma. Introduction of a D-aminoacid at position 2 augmented significantly microsomal stability while maintained FOXP3 binding capacity and Treg inhibition in vitro. In vivo, when combined with the cytotoxic T-cell epitope AH1, it induced protection against CT26 tumor implantation. This study provides important structure–function relationships essential for further drug design to inhibit Treg cells in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Lozano
- Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, University of Navarra, 31008, IDISNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Marta Gorraiz
- Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, University of Navarra, 31008, IDISNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Aritz Lasarte-Cía
- Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, University of Navarra, 31008, IDISNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Marta Ruiz
- Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, University of Navarra, 31008, IDISNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Obdulia Rabal
- Small Molecule Discovery Platform, Molecular Therapeutics Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, 31008, IDISNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Julen Oyarzabal
- Small Molecule Discovery Platform, Molecular Therapeutics Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, 31008, IDISNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Sandra Hervás-Stubbs
- Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, University of Navarra, 31008, IDISNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Diana Llopiz
- Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, University of Navarra, 31008, IDISNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Pablo Sarobe
- Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, University of Navarra, 31008, IDISNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jesús Prieto
- Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, University of Navarra, 31008, IDISNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Noelia Casares
- Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, University of Navarra, 31008, IDISNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Juan José Lasarte
- Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, University of Navarra, 31008, IDISNA, Pamplona, Spain
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Dissanayake S, Denny WA, Gamage S, Sarojini V. Recent developments in anticancer drug delivery using cell penetrating and tumor targeting peptides. J Control Release 2017; 250:62-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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36
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Upadhya A, Sangave PC. Hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions between cell penetrating peptides and plasmid DNA are important for stable non-covalent complexation and intracellular delivery. J Pept Sci 2016; 22:647-659. [DOI: 10.1002/psc.2927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Archana Upadhya
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management; SVKM's NMIMS University; V.L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (West) Mumbai 400056 Maharashtra India
| | - Preeti C. Sangave
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management; SVKM's NMIMS University; V.L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (West) Mumbai 400056 Maharashtra India
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37
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Kim KS, Song CJ, Jaung JY, Na K. Two arms hydrophilic photosensitizer conjugates with vitamin B for cancer-selective photodynamic therapy. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.3904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Sub Kim
- Center for Photomedicine, Department of Biotechnology; The Catholic University of Korea; 43 Jibong-ro, Wonmi-gu Bucheon-si Gyeonggi do 420-743 Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Jun Song
- Department of Organic and Nano Engineering; Hanyang University; 17, Haengdang-dong, Seongdong-gu Seoul 133791 Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Yun Jaung
- Department of Organic and Nano Engineering; Hanyang University; 17, Haengdang-dong, Seongdong-gu Seoul 133791 Republic of Korea
| | - Kun Na
- Center for Photomedicine, Department of Biotechnology; The Catholic University of Korea; 43 Jibong-ro, Wonmi-gu Bucheon-si Gyeonggi do 420-743 Republic of Korea
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38
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McErlean EM, McCrudden CM, McCarthy HO. Delivery of nucleic acids for cancer gene therapy: overcoming extra- and intra-cellular barriers. Ther Deliv 2016; 7:619-37. [PMID: 27582234 DOI: 10.4155/tde-2016-0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic potential of cancer gene therapy has been limited by the difficulty of delivering genetic material to target sites. Various biological and molecular barriers exist which need to be overcome before effective nonviral delivery systems can be applied successfully in oncology. Herein, various barriers are described and strategies to circumvent such obstacles are discussed, considering both the extracellular and intracellular setting. Development of multifunctional delivery systems holds much promise for the progression of gene delivery, and a growing body of evidence supports this approach involving rational design of vectors, with a unique molecular architecture. In addition, the potential application of composite gene delivery platforms is highlighted which may provide an alternative delivery strategy to traditional systemic administration.
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39
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Cerrato CP, Künnapuu K, Langel Ü. Cell-penetrating peptides with intracellular organelle targeting. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2016; 14:245-255. [PMID: 27426871 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2016.1213237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION One of the major limiting steps in order to have an effective drug is the passage through one or more cell membranes to reach its site of action. To reach the action-site, the specific macromolecules are required to be delivered specifically to the cell compartment/organelle in their (pre)active form. Areas covered: In this review, we will discuss cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) developed in the last decade to transport small RNA/DNA, plasmids, antibodies, and nanoparticles into specific sites of the cell. The article describes CPPs in complex with cargo molecules that target specific intracellular organelles and their potential for pharmacological or clinical use. Expert opinion: Organelle targeting is the ultimate goal to ensure selective delivery to the site of action in the cells. CPP technologies represent an important strategy to address drug delivery to specific intracellular compartments by covalent conjugation to targeting sequences, potentially enabling strategies to combat genomic diseases as well as infections, cancer, neurodegenerative and hereditary diseases. They have proven to be successful in delivering various therapeutic agents into cells however, further in vivo experiments and clinical trials are required to demonstrate the efficacy of this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kadri Künnapuu
- b Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Technology , University of Tartu , Tartu , Estonia
| | - Ülo Langel
- a Department of Neurochemistry , Stockholm University , Stockholm , Sweden.,b Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Technology , University of Tartu , Tartu , Estonia
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40
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Becker SC, Roach DR, Chauhan VS, Shen Y, Foster-Frey J, Powell AM, Bauchan G, Lease RA, Mohammadi H, Harty WJ, Simmons C, Schmelcher M, Camp M, Dong S, Baker JR, Sheen TR, Doran KS, Pritchard DG, Almeida RA, Nelson DC, Marriott I, Lee JC, Donovan DM. Triple-acting Lytic Enzyme Treatment of Drug-Resistant and Intracellular Staphylococcus aureus. Sci Rep 2016; 6:25063. [PMID: 27121552 PMCID: PMC4848530 DOI: 10.1038/srep25063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Multi-drug resistant bacteria are a persistent problem in modern health care, food safety and animal health. There is a need for new antimicrobials to replace over used conventional antibiotics. Here we describe engineered triple-acting staphylolytic peptidoglycan hydrolases wherein three unique antimicrobial activities from two parental proteins are combined into a single fusion protein. This effectively reduces the incidence of resistant strain development. The fusion protein reduced colonization by Staphylococcus aureus in a rat nasal colonization model, surpassing the efficacy of either parental protein. Modification of a triple-acting lytic construct with a protein transduction domain significantly enhanced both biofilm eradication and the ability to kill intracellular S. aureus as demonstrated in cultured mammary epithelial cells and in a mouse model of staphylococcal mastitis. Interestingly, the protein transduction domain was not necessary for reducing the intracellular pathogens in cultured osteoblasts or in two mouse models of osteomyelitis, highlighting the vagaries of exactly how protein transduction domains facilitate protein uptake. Bacterial cell wall degrading enzyme antimicrobials can be engineered to enhance their value as potent therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yang Shen
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of MD, Rockville, MD, USA.,Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of MD, College Park, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Gary Bauchan
- ARS, USDA, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | - Chad Simmons
- ARS, USDA, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | | | - Mary Camp
- ARS, USDA, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Shengli Dong
- Biochemistry, Univ. Alabama, Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - John R Baker
- Biochemistry, Univ. Alabama, Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - Kelly S Doran
- Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Daniel C Nelson
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of MD, Rockville, MD, USA.,Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of MD, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Ian Marriott
- Biology, Univ. North Carolina, Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Jean C Lee
- Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Abstract
During the three decades of cell-penetrating peptides era the superfamily of CPPs has rapidly expanded, and the quest for new sequences continues. CPPs have been well recognized by scientific community and they have been used for transduction of a wide variety of molecules and particles into cultured cells and in vivo. In parallel with application of CPPs for delivering of active payloads, the mechanisms that such peptides take advantage of for gaining access to cells' insides have been in the focus of intense studies. Although the common denominator "cell penetration" unites all CPPs, the interaction partners on the cell surface, evoked cellular responses and even the uptake mechanisms might greatly vary between different peptide types. Here we present some possibilities for classification of CPPs based on their type of origin, physical-chemical properties, and the extent of modifications and design efforts. We also briefly analyze the internalization mechanisms with regard to their classification into groups based on physical-chemical characteristics.
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43
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Zaro JL, Shen WC. Cationic and amphipathic cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs): Their structures and in vivo studies in drug delivery. Front Chem Sci Eng 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11705-015-1538-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Bilichak A, Luu J, Eudes F. Intracellular delivery of fluorescent protein into viable wheat microspores using cationic peptides. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:666. [PMID: 26379691 PMCID: PMC4552043 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Microspores are specialized generative cells with haploid genome that demonstrate the amenability toward embryogenesis under certain conditions. The induced microspore culture technique is largely exploited by the breeding programs of wheat and other crops due to its high efficiency for generation of the large number of haploid plants in the relatively short period of time. The ability to produce mature double haploid plant from a single cell has also attracted attention of the plant biotechnologists in the past few years. More importantly, the possibility to deliver proteins for improvement of embryogenesis and the genome modification purposes holds great potential for transgene-free wheat biotechnology. In the present study, we examined the ability of cationic and amphipathic cell penetrating peptides (CPPs) to convey a covalently-linked mCherry protein inside the viable microspores. We demonstrate that the affinity of CPPs to the microspore cells dependents on their charge with the highest efficiency of CPP-mCherry binding to the cells achieved by cationic CPPs (penetratin and R9). Additionally, due to overall negative charge of the microspore cell wall, the successful uptake of the protein cargo by live microspore cells is attained by utilization of a reversible disulfide bond between the R9 CPP and mCherry protein. Overall, the approach proposed herein can be applied by the other biotechnology groups for the fast and efficient screening of the different CPP candidates for their ability to deliver proteins inside the viable plant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andriy Bilichak
- Lethbridge Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food CanadaLethbridge, AB, Canada
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45
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Abstract
Over the past two decades, cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) have become increasingly popular both in research and in application. There have been numerous studies on the physiochemical characteristics and behavior of CPPs in various environments; likewise, the mechanisms of entry and delivery capabilities of these peptides have also been extensively researched. Besides the fundamental issues, there is an enormous interest in the delivery capabilities of the peptides as the family of CPPs is a promising and mostly non-toxic delivery vector candidate for numerous medical applications such as gene silencing, transgene delivery, and splice correction. Lately, however, there has been an emerging field of study besides the high-profile gene therapy applications-the use of peptides and CPPs to combat various infections caused by harmful bacteria, fungi, and viruses.In this chapter, we aim to provide a short overview of the history and properties of CPPs which is followed by more thorough descriptions of antimicrobial and antiviral peptides. To achieve this, we analyze the origin of such peptides, give an overview of the mechanisms of action and discuss the various practical applications which are ongoing or have been suggested based on research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalle Pärn
- Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Technology, Tartu University, Nooruse 1/517, Tartu, 50411, Estonia,
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46
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A survey on "Trojan Horse" peptides: opportunities, issues and controlled entry to "Troy". J Control Release 2014; 194:53-70. [PMID: 25151981 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2014] [Revised: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs), often vividly termed as the "Trojan Horse" peptides, have attracted considerable interest for the intracellular delivery of a wide range of cargoes, such as small molecules, peptides, proteins, nucleic acids, contrast agents, nanocarriers and so on. Some preclinical and clinical developments of CPP conjugates demonstrate their promise as therapeutic agents for drug discovery. There is increasing evidence to suggest that CPPs have the potential to cross several bio-barriers (e.g., blood-brain barriers, intestinal mucosa, nasal mucosa and skin barriers). Despite revolutionary process in many aspects, there are a lot of basic issues unclear for these entities, such as internalization mechanisms, translocation efficiency, translocation kinetics, metabolic degradation, toxicity, side effect, distribution and non-specificity. Among them, non-specificity remains a major drawback for the in vivo application of CPPs in the targeted delivery of cargoes. So far, diverse organelle-specific CPPs or controlled delivery strategies have emerged and improved their specificity. In this review, we will look at the opportunities of CPPs in clinical development, bio-barriers penetration and nanocarriers delivery. Then, a series of basic problems of CPPs will be discussed. Finally, this paper will highlight the use of various controlled strategies in the organelle-specific delivery and targeted delivery of CPPs. The purpose of this review will be to emphasize most influential advance in this field and present a fundamental understanding for challenges and utilizations of CPPs. This will accelerate their translation as efficient vectors from the in vitro setting into the clinic arena, and retrieve the entry art to "Troy".
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Bortolus M, Dalzini A, Toniolo C, Hahm KS, Maniero AL. Interaction of hydrophobic and amphipathic antimicrobial peptides with lipid bicelles. J Pept Sci 2014; 20:517-25. [PMID: 24863176 DOI: 10.1002/psc.2645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Bicelles are model membrane systems that can be macroscopically oriented in a magnetic field at physiological temperature. The macroscopic orientation of bicelles allows to detect, by means of magnetic resonance spectroscopies, small changes in the order of the bilayer caused by solutes interacting with the membrane. These changes would be hardly detectable in isotropic systems such as vesicles or micelles. The aim of this work is to show that bicelles represent a convenient tool to investigate the behavior of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) interacting with membranes, using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. We performed the EPR experiments on spin-labeled bicelles using various AMPs of different length, charge, and amphipathicity: alamethicin, trichogin GA IV, magainin 2, HP(2-20), and HPA3. We evaluated the changes in the order parameter of the spin-labeled lipids as a function of the peptide-to-lipid ratio. We show that bicelles labeled at position 5 of the lipid chains are very sensitive to the perturbation induced by the AMPs even at low peptide concentrations. Our study indicates that peptides that are known to disrupt the membrane by different mechanisms (i.e., alamethicin vs magainin 2) show very distinct trends of the order parameter as a function of peptide concentration. Therefore, spin-labeled bicelles proved to be a good system to evaluate the membrane disruption mechanism of new AMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Bortolus
- Department of Chemistry, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, Padova, 35131, Italy
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48
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de Figueiredo IR, Freire JM, Flores L, Veiga AS, Castanho MARB. Cell-penetrating peptides: A tool for effective delivery in gene-targeted therapies. IUBMB Life 2014; 66:182-194. [PMID: 24659560 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The current landscapes of novel therapeutic approaches rely mostly on gene-targeted technologies, enabling to fight rare genomic diseases, from infections to cancer and hereditary diseases. Although, reaching the action-site for this novel treatments requires to deliver nucleic acids, or other macromolecules into cells, which may pose difficult tasks to pharmaceutical companies. To overcome this technological limitation, a wide variety of vectors have been developed in the past decades and have proven to be successful in delivering various therapeutics. Cell-penetrating peptides (CPP) have been one of the technologies widely studied and have been increasingly used to transport small RNA/DNA, plasmids, antibodies, and nanoparticles into cells. Despite the already proved huge potential that these peptide-based approaches may suggest, few advances have been put to pharmacological or clinical use. This review will describe the origin, development, and usage of CPP to deliver therapeutic agents into cells, with special emphasis on their current application to gene-therapies. Specifically, we will describe the current trials being conducted to treat cancer, gene disorders, and autoimmune diseases using CPP-based therapies. © 2014 IUBMB Life, 66(3):182-194, 2014.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Rego de Figueiredo
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - João Miguel Freire
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Luís Flores
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Salomé Veiga
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Miguel A R B Castanho
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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Sgolastra F, Minter LM, Osborne BA, Tew GN. Importance of Sequence Specific Hydrophobicity in Synthetic Protein Transduction Domain Mimics. Biomacromolecules 2014; 15:812-20. [DOI: 10.1021/bm401634r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Sgolastra
- Departments of †Polymer Science and Engineering and ‡Veterinary and
Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Lisa M. Minter
- Departments of †Polymer Science and Engineering and ‡Veterinary and
Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Barbara A. Osborne
- Departments of †Polymer Science and Engineering and ‡Veterinary and
Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Gregory N. Tew
- Departments of †Polymer Science and Engineering and ‡Veterinary and
Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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50
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Tumor targeting of a cell penetrating peptide by fusing with a pH-sensitive histidine-glutamate co-oligopeptide. Biomaterials 2014; 35:4082-7. [PMID: 24508076 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.01.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cell penetrating peptides (CPPs) have been well established as potential carriers for intracellular delivery of protein/peptide therapeutics. However, their lack of selectivity impedes their application in vivo. In order to increase their specificity, a highly pH-sensitive histidine-glutamate (HE) co-oligopeptide was fused with a CPP, i.e. model amphipathic peptide (MAP), and was expressed as a fusion protein with glutathione S-transferase (GST) acting as a cargo protein. Compared with two other fusion proteins containing either HE or MAP, only the fused peptide (HE-MAP) could effectively deliver the cargo GST protein to cells at pH 6.5 or below, while maintaining low delivery to cells at pH 7.0 and above. Using a xenograft mouse model of human breast cancer, fluorescent imaging showed that only HE-MAP could effectively target GST to the tumor site, while reducing non-specific association of MAP in other organs. The data presented in this report demonstrate the diagnostic and/or therapeutic potential of the fused peptide, HE-MAP, for targeting the acidic tumor microenvironment. The concise design for this pH-sensitive peptide offers a simple way to overcome CPP's lack of selectivity, which could lead to increased application of CPPs and macromolecular therapeutics.
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