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Kinoshita Y, Demise A, Ishikawa H, Tamiaki H. Synthesis of 132,173-cyclopheophorbides and their optical properties. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2021.113490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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2
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Kawamoto Y, Nagano Y, Kitagawa Y, Tamiaki H. Synthesis of N-methylated unsymmetric porphyrinoids with restricted N-centered chirality from chlorophyll-a. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:9800-9804. [PMID: 33295927 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob02146f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Regioselectively N-methylated chlorophyll-a derivatives were prepared as their cationic and hydrophilic species. Both their epimerically pure samples at the chiral methylated nitrogen atom were obtained, and the stereochemistry was proposed by circular dichroism spectral analysis. This is the first example for restricted N-centered chirality in an unsymmetric chlorin core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Kawamoto
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan.
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3
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Saga Y, Nakagawa S. Structural effects on epimerization of bacteriochlorophyll a and chlorophyll a revealed using 3-acetyl chlorophyll a. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2020. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424620500054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Chlorophyll (Chl) and bacteriochlorophyll (BChl) pigments, which are crucial cyclic tetrapyrroles in photosynthesis, generally have a chiral center in their exo-cyclic five-membered E-ring. Although [Formula: see text]-epimers (primed-type) of (B)Chl pigments are rarely present in photosynthetic organisms, they play key roles in photosynthetic reaction center complexes. The epimerization mechanism of (B)Chl pigments in vivo has not been unraveled. The structural effects on the physicochemical properties of (B)Chl epimerization reactions provide useful information to tackle this question. We analyzed epimerization of three pigments, BChl [Formula: see text], Chl [Formula: see text], and 3-acetyl Chl [Formula: see text], to elucidate the structural factors that are responsible for epimerization reactions. We compared the epimerization kinetics of the three pigments and concluded that the bacteriochlorin skeleton (7,8,17,18-tetrahydroporphyrin) significantly retarded the epimerization kinetics. Thus, BChl [Formula: see text] exhibited slower epimerization kinetics than Chl [Formula: see text] in spite of the presence of the electron-withdrawing 3-acetyl group that accelerates epimerization. In contrast to the large structural effects of (B)Chl molecules on epimerization kinetics, the thermodynamic properties at equilibrium in the epimerization of the three pigments were barely influenced by their molecular structures. This study also demonstrates that a semi-synthetic pigment, 3-acetyl Chl [Formula: see text], is appropriate for comparative analyses of the structural effects of BChl [Formula: see text] and Chl [Formula: see text] on their physicochemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitaka Saga
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Shiori Nakagawa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
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4
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Tamiaki H, Fukai K, Nakamura S. Intramolecular interaction of synthetic chlorophyll heterodyads with different π-skeletons. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2020; 19:332-340. [DOI: 10.1039/c9pp00373h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Covalently linked zinc chlorin and zinc porphyrin/bacteriochlorin heterodyads formed methanol-locked conformers with red-shifted Qy bands as models of Chl-a and Chl-c/BChl-a(or g) dimeric species, respectively, in photosynthetic apparatuses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Tamiaki
- Graduate School of Life Sciences
- Ritsumeikan University
- Kusatsu
- Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Fukai
- Graduate School of Life Sciences
- Ritsumeikan University
- Kusatsu
- Japan
| | - Soichi Nakamura
- Graduate School of Life Sciences
- Ritsumeikan University
- Kusatsu
- Japan
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5
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Takahashi T, Ogasawara S, Shinozaki Y, Tamiaki H. Synthesis of Cationic Pyridinium-(Bacterio)Chlorophyll Conjugates Bearing a Bacteriochlorin, Chlorin, or Porphyrin π-Skeleton and their Photophysical and Electrochemical Properties. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Takahashi
- Graduate School of Life Sciences; Ritsumeikan University; Kusatsu Shiga 525-8577 Japan
| | - Shin Ogasawara
- Graduate School of Life Sciences; Ritsumeikan University; Kusatsu Shiga 525-8577 Japan
| | - Yoshinao Shinozaki
- Graduate School of Life Sciences; Ritsumeikan University; Kusatsu Shiga 525-8577 Japan
| | - Hitoshi Tamiaki
- Graduate School of Life Sciences; Ritsumeikan University; Kusatsu Shiga 525-8577 Japan
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6
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Selective oxidation of B800 bacteriochlorophyll a in photosynthetic light-harvesting protein LH2. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3636. [PMID: 30842503 PMCID: PMC6403449 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40082-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Engineering chlorophyll (Chl) pigments that are bound to photosynthetic light-harvesting proteins is one promising strategy to regulate spectral coverage for photon capture and to improve the photosynthetic efficiency of these proteins. Conversion from the bacteriochlorophyll (BChl) skeleton (7,8,17,18-tetrahydroporphyrin) to the Chl skeleton (17,18-dihydroporphyrin) produces the most drastic change of the spectral range of absorption by light-harvesting proteins. We demonstrated in situ selective oxidation of B800 BChl a in light-harvesting protein LH2 from a purple bacterium Rhodoblastus acidophilus by 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone. The newly formed pigment, 3-acetyl Chl a, interacted with the LH2 polypeptides in the same manner as native B800. B850 BChl a was not oxidized in this reaction. CD spectroscopy indicated that the B850 orientation and the content of the α-helices were unchanged by the B800 oxidation. The nonameric circular arrangement of the oxidized LH2 protein was visualized by AFM; its diameter was almost the same as that of native LH2. The in situ oxidation of B800 BChl a in LH2 protein with no structural change will be useful not only for manipulation of the photofunctional properties of photosynthetic pigment-protein complexes but also for understanding the substitution of BChl to Chl pigments in the evolution from bacterial to oxygenic photosynthesis.
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7
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Saga Y, Miyagi K. Characterization of 3-Acetyl Chlorophyllaand 3-Acetyl ProtochlorophyllaAccommodated in the B800 Binding Sites of Photosynthetic Light-Harvesting Complex 2 in the Purple Photosynthetic BacteriumRhodoblastus acidophilus. Photochem Photobiol 2018; 94:698-704. [DOI: 10.1111/php.12919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitaka Saga
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science and Engineering; Kindai University; Higashi-Osaka, Osaka Japan
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology; Japan Science and Technology Agency; Kawaguchi Saitama Japan
| | - Kanji Miyagi
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science and Engineering; Kindai University; Higashi-Osaka, Osaka Japan
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8
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Heyes DJ, Hardman SJO, Mansell D, Ní Cheallaigh A, Gardiner JM, Johannissen LO, Greetham GM, Towrie M, Scrutton NS. Excited-State Properties of Protochlorophyllide Analogues and Implications for Light-Driven Synthesis of Chlorophyll. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:1312-1320. [PMID: 28117585 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b00528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Protochlorophyllide (Pchlide), an intermediate in the biosynthesis of chlorophyll, is the substrate for the light-driven enzyme protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase. Pchlide has excited-state properties that allow it to initiate photochemistry in the enzyme active site, which involves reduction of Pchlide by sequential hydride and proton transfer. The basis of this photochemical behavior has been investigated here using a combination of time-resolved spectroscopies and density functional theory calculations of a number of Pchlide analogues with modifications to various substituent groups. A keto group on ring E is essential for excited-state charge separation in the molecule, which is the driving force for the photoreactivity of the pigment. Vibrational "fingerprints" of specific regions of the Pchlide chromophore have been assigned, allowing identification of the modes that are crucial for excited-state chemistry in the enzyme. This work provides an understanding of the structural determinants of Pchlide that are important for harnessing light energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derren J Heyes
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology and School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester , 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, U.K
| | - Samantha J O Hardman
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology and School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester , 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, U.K
| | - David Mansell
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology and School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester , 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, U.K
| | - Aisling Ní Cheallaigh
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology and School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester , 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, U.K
| | - John M Gardiner
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology and School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester , 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, U.K
| | - Linus O Johannissen
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology and School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester , 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, U.K
| | - Gregory M Greetham
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, Science and Technology Facilities Council , Harwell Oxford, Didcot OX11 0QX, U.K
| | - Michael Towrie
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, Science and Technology Facilities Council , Harwell Oxford, Didcot OX11 0QX, U.K
| | - Nigel S Scrutton
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology and School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester , 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, U.K
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9
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Kim K, Tsuji K, Kinoshita Y, Miyatake T, Tamiaki H. Synthesis of monovinyl- and divinyl-chlorophyll analogs and their physical properties. Tetrahedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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10
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Miyatake T, Hasunuma Y, Mukai Y, Oki H, Watanabe M, Yamazaki S. Assemblies of ionic zinc chlorins assisted by water-soluble polypeptides. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:1155-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.01.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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11
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Xu M, Kinoshita Y, Matsubara S, Tamiaki H. Synthesis of chlorophyll-c derivatives by modifying natural chlorophyll-a. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2016; 127:335-45. [PMID: 26346903 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-015-0190-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) was extracted from cyanobacterial cells and modified to methyl pyropheophorbide-a. The 3-vinyl-chlorin was transformed to zinc complex of the corresponding 3-acetyl-porphyrin. The zinc porphyrin was oxidized to give cis-7,8- and 17,18-dihydroxy-chlorins as well cis-7,8-cis-17,18-tetrahydroxybacteriochlorin. After zinc-demetallation, the isolated cis-7,8- and 17,18-diols were reduced at the 3-acetyl group and triply dehydrated under acidic conditions to afford two regioisomeric 3-vinyl-porphyrins, methyl divinyl-pyroprotopheophorbide-a possessing the 8-vinyl group and 17-propionate residue (one of the divinyl-protoChl-a derivatives) and methyl pyropheophorbide-c 1 possessing the 8-ethyl group and 17-acrylate residue (one of the Chl-c 1 derivatives), respectively. The resulting 7,8,17,18-tetrol was reduced and then acidically treated, giving five-fold dehydrated free base porphyrin, methyl pyropheophorbide-c 2 possessing the 3,8-divinyl groups and 17-acrylate residue (one of the Chl-c 2 derivatives). The visible absorption and fluorescence emission spectra of the three semi-synthetic 3-vinyl-porphyrins in dichloromethane were compared with those of the corresponding 8-ethyl-porphyrin bearing the 17-propionate residue, methyl pyroprotopheophorbide-a (one of the protoChl-a derivatives). The Soret and Qy absorption maxima were shifted to longer wavelengths with an increase of π-conjugation in a molecule: protoChl-a (8-CH2CH3/17-CH2CH2COOCH3) < divinyl-protoChl-a (8-CH=CH2/17-CH2CH2COOCH3) < Chl-c 1 (8-CH2CH3/17-CH=CHCOOCH3) < Chl-c 2 derivatives (8-CH=CH2/17-CH=CHCOOCH3). The 17(1),17(2)-dehydrogenation broadened the absorption bands. The emission maxima were bathochromically shifted in the same order. The reaction mechanism of the present dehydration indicates that the biosynthetic pathway of Chls-c would include the hydroxylation of the 17-propionate reside at the 17(1)-position and successive dehydration to the 17-acrylate residue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyun Xu
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, 525-8577, Shiga, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kinoshita
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, 525-8577, Shiga, Japan
| | - Shogo Matsubara
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, 525-8577, Shiga, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Tamiaki
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, 525-8577, Shiga, Japan.
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12
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Xu M, Tamiaki H. Transformation of Natural Chlorophyll-ainto Chlorophyll-cAnalogs Possessing the 17-Acrylate Residue. CHEM LETT 2014. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.140798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meiyun Xu
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University
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13
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Chen CY, Taniguchi M, Lindsey JS. NMR spectral properties of 16 synthetic bacteriochlorins with site-specific 13C or 15N substitution. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2014. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424614500199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The 1 H , 13 C , and 15 N nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectral properties have been examined of a family of synthetic bacteriochlorins wherein each member incorporates a pair of 13 C or 15 N atoms. The atom locations span the inner core of the macrocycle: (1) 15 N at the 21,23- or 22,24-positions; (2) 13 C at the meso- (5,15- or 10,20-) positions; (3) 13 C at the pyrrole α-positions (1,11- or 4,14-positions); and (4) 13 C at the pyrroline α-positions (6,16- or 9,19-positions). Each bacteriochlorin lacks peripheral substituents other than a geminal dimethyl group at the 8- and 18-positions to preclude adventitious dehydrogenation. In total, eight free base and eight zinc bacteriochlorin isotopologs were examined to directly assign 1 H , 13 C and 15 N resonances of the macrocycle skeleton. Complete and unambiguous assignments, including those for all tertiary and quaternary carbons, were accomplished chiefly by direct inspection of 1D NMR spectra of each isotopolog. Coupling constants (1 H –1 H , 13 C –1 H , 15 N –1 H , 13 C –13 C and 15 N –13 C ), which are rarely reported for tetrapyrroles, also were extracted. The 1 H and 13 C chemical shifts were then compared to those of unsaturated analogs (chlorin, porphyrin) and natural bacteriochlorophylls. The comprehensive set of NMR spectroscopic properties of sparsely substituted bacteriochlorins provides valuable information for understanding substitution effects and aromaticity in structurally more elaborate counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Yuan Chen
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, USA
| | - Masahiko Taniguchi
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, USA
| | - Jonathan S. Lindsey
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, USA
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14
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Tamiaki H, Fukai K, Shimazu H, Shoji S. Synthesis of Zinc Chlorophyll Homo/Hetero-Dyads and their Folded Conformers with Porphyrin, Chlorin, and Bacteriochlorinπ-Systems. Photochem Photobiol 2013; 90:121-8. [DOI: 10.1111/php.12173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Tamiaki
- Graduate School of Life Sciences; Ritsumeikan University; Shiga Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Fukai
- Graduate School of Life Sciences; Ritsumeikan University; Shiga Japan
| | - Hideki Shimazu
- Graduate School of Life Sciences; Ritsumeikan University; Shiga Japan
| | - Sunao Shoji
- Graduate School of Life Sciences; Ritsumeikan University; Shiga Japan
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15
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Stereoselective reduction, methylation, and phenylation of the 13-carbonyl group in chlorophyll derivatives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2013.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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16
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Tamiaki H, Monobe R, Koizumi S, Miyatake T, Kinoshita Y. Stereoselective reduction, methylation, and phenylation of the 13-carbonyl group in chlorophyll derivatives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2013.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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17
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Tamiaki H, Azuma K, Kinoshita Y, Monobe R, Miyatake T, Sasaki SI. Chemosensitive chlorophyll derivatives: optical detection of various amines by synthetic 3-trifluoroacetyl-131-deoxo-pyropheophorbides in solution. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.12.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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18
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Saga Y, Miura R, Sadaoka K, Hirai Y. Kinetic Analysis of Demetalation of Synthetic Zinc Cyclic Tetrapyrroles Possessing an Acetyl Group at the 3-Position: Effects of Tetrapyrrole Structures and Peripheral Substitution. J Phys Chem B 2011; 115:11757-62. [DOI: 10.1021/jp206534x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitaka Saga
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kinki University, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Miura
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kinki University, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Kana Sadaoka
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kinki University, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Yuki Hirai
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kinki University, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
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Saga Y, Hojo S, Hirai Y. Comparison of demetalation properties between zinc chlorin and zinc porphyrin derivatives: Effect of macrocyclic structures. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 18:5697-700. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2010] [Revised: 06/04/2010] [Accepted: 06/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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20
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Mizoguchi T, Nagai C, Kunieda M, Kimura Y, Okamura A, Tamiaki H. Stereochemical determination of the unique acrylate moiety at the 17-position in chlorophylls-c from a diatom Chaetoseros calcitrans and its effect upon electronic absorption properties. Org Biomol Chem 2009; 7:2120-6. [DOI: 10.1039/b900802k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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21
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Tamiaki H, Fukai K, Shimazu H, Nishide K, Shibata Y, Itoh S, Kunieda M. Covalently linked zinc chlorophyll dimers as a model of a chlorophyllous pair in photosynthetic reaction centers. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2008; 7:1231-7. [PMID: 18846288 DOI: 10.1039/b802353k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A heterodimer, where zinc pyropheophorbide-a was linked with zinc pyropheophorbide-d through ethylene glycol diester, was prepared, as well as the corresponding homodimers. The synthetic dimers were complexed with methanol in benzene to give folded dimers by mutual Zn...O(Me)-H...O=C13(1) bonding. Such complexes had furthest red (Qy) absorption bands at longer wavelengths than the monomeric species. These red-shifts were ascribable to excitonic coupling of the Qy transition states in the chlorin pi-pi stacking conformer. In the heterodimeric system, a minor band was observed at the shorter wavelength side of the main Qy band. This observation can be explained by an additional contribution of Qy vibronic state to the exciton-coupled states. Based on the experimental results, a pair of chlorophyll(Chl)-d with Chl-a as well as a Chl-d homopair were proposed as dimers in reaction centers of Chl-d dominating cyanobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Tamiaki
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan.
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22
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Tamiaki H, Kitamoto H, Watanabe T, Shibata R. Self-aggregation of Synthetic Protobacteriochlorophyll-d Derivatives¶. Photochem Photobiol 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2005.tb01537.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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23
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Kunieda M, Tamiaki H. Regioisomerically Controlled Self-Aggregation of Zinc 3-Hydroxymethyl-13-formyl-chlorin/Porphyrin and Their 3,13-Inverted Pigments. J Org Chem 2007; 72:2443-51. [PMID: 17338568 DOI: 10.1021/jo0623282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Zinc 3-hydroxymethyl-13-formyl-chlorin, 1, and its 3,13-inverted (3-formyl-13-hydroxymethyl) regioisomer, 2, and their corresponding 17,18-dehydrogenated porphyrins, 3 and 4, were synthesized for models of natural bacteriochlorophylls-c/d/e possessing 3(1)-OH and 13-C=O groups which self-aggregate in main light-harvesting antenna systems of green photosynthetic bacteria. Zinc chlorins 1 and 2 were monomers in neat THF and gave an obvious difference in their visible absorption spectra, indicating that sole inversion of the 3- and 13-substituents in a chlorin chromophore controlled their optical properties. In an aqueous Triton X-100 solution (a nonionic surfactant), zinc 3(1)-OH-13-CHO-chlorin 1 and porphyrin 3 self-aggregated as do natural bacteriochlorophylls, while zinc 3-CHO-13(1)-OH chlorin 2 and porphyrin 4 (the 3,13-inverted regioisomers of 1 and 3) hardly formed such large oligomers, showing that the inversion of the peripheral 3,13-substituents made their oligomerization unfavorable. FT-IR spectra of aggregated 1-4 in the solid film and their molecular modeling calculations suggested that the 17(2)-C=O moiety in inverted 2/4 interacted with its own 13(1)-OH group to disturb further aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michio Kunieda
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
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24
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Tamiaki H, Watanabe T, Kunieda M. Self-aggregation of synthetic zinc 31-hydroxy-131-oxo-17,18-cis-chlorin in a non-polar organic solvent. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2007. [DOI: 10.1163/156856707779160915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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25
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Kunieda M, Nakato E, Tamiaki H. Optical properties of synthetic porphyrins bearing or lacking an exo-five-membered ring and a keto carbonyl group on it, both of which are present in naturally occurring chlorophylls. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2006.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Sasaki SI, Tamiaki H. Synthesis and Optical Properties of Bacteriochlorophyll-a Derivatives Having Various C3 Substituents on the Bacteriochlorin π-System. J Org Chem 2006; 71:2648-54. [PMID: 16555816 DOI: 10.1021/jo0523969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Methyl bacteriopyropheophorbide-a derivatives having a series of substituents at the C3 position were prepared and their optical properties were compared with the corresponding chlorin analogues. Two kinds of oxidation reaction (C3-vinyl --> formyl --> carboxy group) were found to be applicable with a little alteration of the free-base bacteriochlorin macrocycles. The Qx and Qy electronic absorption peak positions of synthetic bacteriochlorins in CH2Cl2 were affected by the C3 substituents and found to be more sensitive than those of the chlorins. The observed Qx/Qy peaks in their monomeric states were shifted to a longer wavelength in the order of 1-hydroxyethyl < hydroxymethyl < acetoxymethyl < vinyl < acetyl < carboxy < formyl < 2,2-dicyanoethynyl group. Zinc complex with the C3-hydroxymethyl group formed self-aggregates in a nonpolar organic solvent, which showed the largest red-shift of the Qy band (2380 cm(-1), 726 nm in THF to 878 nm in 1% THF-cyclohexane) among those of the synthetic self-aggregative (bacterio)chlorins examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-ichi Sasaki
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
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Sasaki SI, Mizoguchi T, Tamiaki H. Gallium(III) complexes of methyl pyropheophorbide-a as synthetic models for investigation of diastereomerically controlled axial ligation towards chlorophylls. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 16:1168-71. [PMID: 16403627 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.11.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2005] [Revised: 11/16/2005] [Accepted: 11/25/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Gallium(III) chlorins possessing a series of axial ligands were synthesized as model compounds of natural chlorophylls. A pair of diastereomers arising from the fifth axial coordination onto the asymmetric chlorin pi-macrocycle could be discriminated in a solution by both (1)H- and (13)C NMR spectroscopies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Ichi Sasaki
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
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Self-aggregates of bacteriochlorophylls-c, d and e in a light-harvesting antenna system of green photosynthetic bacteria: Effect of stereochemistry at the chiral 3-(1-hydroxyethyl) group on the supramolecular arrangement of chlorophyllous pigments. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C-PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2005.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Sasaki SI, Mizoguchi T, Tamiaki H. Synthesis of strapped zinc chlorophyll derivatives and their complexation with a single axial ligand. Tetrahedron 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2005.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Tamiaki H, Kitamoto H, Watanabe T, Shibata R. Self-aggregation of Synthetic Protobacteriochlorophyll-d Derivatives¶. Photochem Photobiol 2005. [DOI: 10.1562/2004-08-02-ra-254.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Morishita H, Tamiaki H. Synthesis of 18O-Labelled chlorophyll derivatives at carbonyl oxygen atoms by acidic hydrolysis of the ethylene ketal and acetal. Bioorg Med Chem 2003; 11:4049-57. [PMID: 12927867 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(03)00335-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The ethylene ketal of pyropheophorbides, chlorophylls possessing the 13-keto carbonyl group and lacking the 13(2)-methoxycarbonyl group, reacted with H(2)(18)O (ca. 95% 18O atom) by acidic hydrolysis to give efficiently and regioselectively 13(1)-18O-oxo-labelled compounds (ca. 92% 18O). The resulting 18O-labelled chlorin was modified by several chemical reactions to afford some derivatives with little loss of the 18O atom. Following the same procedures, 3(1),13(1)-doubly-18O-labelled pyrochlorophyll derivatives were also prepared. All the synthetic 18O-labelled compounds were identified by FAB-mass and vibrational spectra. Especially, in the vibrational spectroscopic results including IR and resonance Raman spectra, an about 30 cm(-1) wavenumber down-shift of the 3- and/or 13-C[double bond]O stretching vibrational bands was observed by exchanging 3(1)- or 13(1)-oxo-oxygen atom from 16O to 18O.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidetada Morishita
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
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