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Malacarne MC, Gariboldi MB, Caruso E. BODIPYs in PDT: A Journey through the Most Interesting Molecules Produced in the Last 10 Years. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231710198. [PMID: 36077597 PMCID: PMC9456687 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231710198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past 30 years, photodynamic therapy (PDT) has shown great development. In the clinical setting the few approved molecules belong almost exclusively to the porphyrin family; but in the scientific field, in recent years many researchers have been interested in other families of photosensitizers, among which BODIPY has shown particular interest. BODIPY is the acronym for 4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a, 4a-diaza-s-indacene, and is a family of molecules well-known for their properties in the field of imaging. In order for these molecules to be used in PDT, a structural modification is necessary which involves the introduction of heavy atoms, such as bromine and iodine, in the beta positions of the pyrrole ring; this change favors the intersystem crossing, and increases the 1O2 yield. This mini review focused on a series of structural changes made to BODIPYs to further increase 1O2 production and bioavailability by improving cell targeting or photoactivity efficiency.
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Malacarne MC, Banfi S, Rugiero M, Caruso E. Drug delivery systems for the photodynamic application of two photosensitizers belonging to the porphyrin family. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2021; 20:1011-1025. [PMID: 34260053 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-021-00076-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy involves the concomitant action of three components, light with an appropriate wavelength, molecular oxygen, and a molecule, able to absorb an electromagnetic radiation, called photosensitizer (PS). A fundamental aspect is the bioavailability of the PS that is directly related to some physicochemical properties of the PS itself as it should feature a certain degree of lipophilicity to easily cross the cell membrane, however, at the same time, should be sufficiently water-soluble to navigate in the bloodstream. Consequently, the use of a system for drug delivery becomes essential when photosensitizers with a high degree of lipophilicity are considered. In this work, we present three different drug delivery systems, microemulsions, emulsions and liposomes all capable of carrying a PS belonging to the porphyrin family: the tetraphenyl porphyrin (TPP) and the 4-hydroxyphenyl porphyrin (THPP), which show a relevant different degree of lipophilicity. A series of microemulsions (ME) and emulsions (E) were prepared, among which two formulations, one for THPP and one for TPP, have been chosen. The stability of these two carriers was monitored over time and under various temperature conditions. With the same criteria, two liposomal formulations have been also identified and analyzed. The four formulations mentioned above (one ME, one E and two liposomes) have been tested on SKOV3 tumor cell line comparing the photodynamic activity of the porphyrin formulations versus the aqueous/organic (DMSO) solution of the same two PSs. The results show that all the formulations have proved to be excellent carriers and that the liposomal formulation enhance the photodynamic efficacy of both porphyrins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miryam Chiara Malacarne
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences (DBSV), University of Insubria, Via J.H. Dunant 3, 21100, Varese, VA, Italy
- PhD Student of the "Life Science and Biotechnology", University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Stefano Banfi
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences (DBSV), University of Insubria, Via J.H. Dunant 3, 21100, Varese, VA, Italy
| | - Matteo Rugiero
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences (DBSV), University of Insubria, Via J.H. Dunant 3, 21100, Varese, VA, Italy
| | - Enrico Caruso
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences (DBSV), University of Insubria, Via J.H. Dunant 3, 21100, Varese, VA, Italy.
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Obata M, Masuda S, Takahashi M, Yazaki K, Hirohara S. Effect of the hydrophobic segment of an amphiphilic block copolymer on micelle formation, zinc phthalocyanine loading, and photodynamic activity. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Ghezzi M, Pescina S, Padula C, Santi P, Del Favero E, Cantù L, Nicoli S. Polymeric micelles in drug delivery: An insight of the techniques for their characterization and assessment in biorelevant conditions. J Control Release 2021; 332:312-336. [PMID: 33652113 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 349] [Impact Index Per Article: 116.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Polymeric micelles, i.e. aggregation colloids formed in solution by self-assembling of amphiphilic polymers, represent an innovative tool to overcome several issues related to drug administration, from the low water-solubility to the poor drug permeability across biological barriers. With respect to other nanocarriers, polymeric micelles generally display smaller size, easier preparation and sterilization processes, and good solubilization properties, unfortunately associated with a lower stability in biological fluids and a more complicated characterization. Particularly challenging is the study of their interaction with the biological environment, essential to predict the real in vivo behavior after administration. In this review, after a general presentation on micelles features and properties, different characterization techniques are discussed, from the ones used for the determination of micelles basic characteristics (critical micellar concentration, size, surface charge, morphology) to the more complex approaches used to figure out micelles kinetic stability, drug release and behavior in the presence of biological substrates (fluids, cells and tissues). The techniques presented (such as dynamic light scattering, AFM, cryo-TEM, X-ray scattering, FRET, symmetrical flow field-flow fractionation (AF4) and density ultracentrifugation), each one with their own advantages and limitations, can be combined to achieve a deeper comprehension of polymeric micelles in vivo behavior. The set-up and validation of adequate methods for micelles description represent the essential starting point for their development and clinical success.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ghezzi
- ADDRes Lab, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - S Pescina
- ADDRes Lab, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - C Padula
- ADDRes Lab, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - P Santi
- ADDRes Lab, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - E Del Favero
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, LITA, University of Milan, Segrate, Italy
| | - L Cantù
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, LITA, University of Milan, Segrate, Italy
| | - S Nicoli
- ADDRes Lab, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
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Dias LM, Sharifi F, de Keijzer MJ, Mesquita B, Desclos E, Kochan JA, de Klerk DJ, Ernst D, de Haan LR, Franchi LP, van Wijk AC, Scutigliani EM, Cavaco JEB, Tedesco AC, Huang X, Pan W, Ding B, Krawczyk PM, Heger M. Attritional evaluation of lipophilic and hydrophilic metallated phthalocyanines for oncological photodynamic therapy. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2021; 216:112146. [PMID: 33601256 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2021.112146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Oncological photodynamic therapy (PDT) relies on photosensitizers (PSs) to photo-oxidatively destroy tumor cells. Currently approved PSs yield satisfactory results in superficial and easy-to-access tumors but are less suited for solid cancers in internal organs such as the biliary system and the pancreas. For these malignancies, second-generation PSs such as metallated phthalocyanines are more appropriate. Presently it is not known which of the commonly employed metallated phtahlocyanines, namely aluminum phthalocyanine (AlPC) and zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPC) as well as their tetrasulfonated derivatives AlPCS4 and ZnPCS4, is most cytotoxic to tumor cells. This study therefore employed an attritional approach to ascertain the best metallated phthalocyanine for oncological PDT in a head-to-head comparative analysis and standardized experimental design. METHODS ZnPC and AlPC were encapsulated in PEGylated liposomes. Analyses were performed in cultured A431 cells as a template for tumor cells with a dysfunctional P53 tumor suppressor gene and EGFR overexpression. First, dark toxicity was assessed as a function of PS concentration using the WST-1 and sulforhodamine B assay. Second, time-dependent uptake and intracellular distribution were determined by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy, respectively, using the intrinsic fluorescence of the PSs. Third, the LC50 values were established for each PS at 671 nm and a radiant exposure of 15 J/cm2 following 1-h PS exposure. Finally, the mode of cell death as a function of post-PDT time and cell cycle arrest at 24 h after PDT were analyzed. RESULTS In the absence of illumination, AlPC and ZnPC were not toxic to cells up to a 1.5-μM PS concentration and exposure for up to 72 h. Dark toxicity was noted for AlPCS4 at 5 μM and ZnPCS4 at 2.5 μM. Uptake of all PSs was observed as early as 1 min after PS addition to cells and increased in amplitude during a 2-h incubation period. After 60 min, the entire non-nuclear space of the cell was photosensitized, with PS accumulation in multiple subcellular structures, especially in case of AlPC and AlPCS4. PDT of cells photosensitized with ZnPC, AlPC, and AlPCS4 yielded LC50 values of 0.13 μM, 0.04 μM, and 0.81 μM, respectively, 24 h post-PDT (based on sulforhodamine B assay). ZnPCS4 did not induce notable phototoxicity, which was echoed in the mode of cell death and cell cycle arrest data. At 4 h post-PDT, the mode of cell death comprised mainly apoptosis for ZnPC and AlPC, the extent of which was gradually exacerbated in AlPC-photosensitized cells during 8 h. ZnPC-treated cells seemed to recover at 8 h post-PDT compared to 4 h post-PDT, which had been observed before in another cell line. AlPCS4 induced considerable necrosis in addition to apoptosis, whereby most of the cell death had already manifested at 2 h after PDT. During the course of 8 h, necrotic cell death transitioned into mainly late apoptotic cell death. Cell death signaling coincided with a reduction in cells in the G0/G1 phase (ZnPC, AlPC, AlPCS4) and cell cycle arrest in the S-phase (ZnPC, AlPC, AlPCS4) and G2 phase (ZnPC and AlPC). Cell cycle arrest was most profound in cells that had been photosensitized with AlPC and subjected to PDT. CONCLUSIONS Liposomal AlPC is the most potent PS for oncological PDT, whereas ZnPCS4 was photodynamically inert in A431 cells. AlPC did not induce dark toxicity at PS concentrations of up to 1.5 μM, i.e., > 37 times the LC50 value, which is favorable in terms of clinical phototoxicity issues. AlPC photosensitized multiple intracellular loci, which was associated with extensive, irreversible cell death signaling that is expected to benefit treatment efficacy and possibly immunological long-term tumor control, granted that sufficient AlPC will reach the tumor in vivo. Given the differential pharmacokinetics, intracellular distribution, and cell death dynamics, liposomal AlPC may be combined with AlPCS4 in a PS cocktail to further improve PDT efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lionel Mendes Dias
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, PR China; CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal; Department of Medical Biology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Farangis Sharifi
- Department of Medical Biology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mark J de Keijzer
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, PR China; Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Barbara Mesquita
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Emilie Desclos
- Department of Medical Biology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jakub A Kochan
- Department of Medical Biology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel J de Klerk
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Daniël Ernst
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Lianne R de Haan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Leonardo P Franchi
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB) 2, Campus Samambaia, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, GO, Brazil; Department of Chemistry, Center of Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering - Photobiology and Photomedicine Research Group, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences, and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Albert C van Wijk
- Department of Medical Biology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Enzo M Scutigliani
- Department of Medical Biology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - José E B Cavaco
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Antonio C Tedesco
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering - Photobiology and Photomedicine Research Group, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences, and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Xuan Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Weiwei Pan
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, PR China
| | - Baoyue Ding
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Przemek M Krawczyk
- Department of Medical Biology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michal Heger
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, PR China; Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Muttaqien SE, Nomoto T, Dou X, Takemoto H, Matsui M, Nishiyama N. Photodynamic therapy using LCST polymers exerting pH-responsive isothermal phase transition. J Control Release 2020; 328:608-616. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Hwang D, Ramsey JD, Kabanov AV. Polymeric micelles for the delivery of poorly soluble drugs: From nanoformulation to clinical approval. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 156:80-118. [PMID: 32980449 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Over the last three decades, polymeric micelles have emerged as a highly promising drug delivery platform for therapeutic compounds. Particularly, poorly soluble small molecules with high potency and significant toxicity were encapsulated in polymeric micelles. Polymeric micelles have shown improved pharmacokinetic profiles in preclinical animal models and enhanced efficacy with a superior safety profile for therapeutic drugs. Several polymeric micelle formulations have reached the clinical stage and are either in clinical trials or are approved for human use. This furthers interest in this field and underscores the need for additional learning of how to best design and apply these micellar carriers to improve the clinical outcomes of many drugs. In this review, we provide detailed information on polymeric micelles for the solubilization of poorly soluble small molecules in topics such as the design of block copolymers, experimental and theoretical analysis of drug encapsulation in polymeric micelles, pharmacokinetics of drugs in polymeric micelles, regulatory approval pathways of nanomedicines, and current outcomes from micelle formulations in clinical trials. We aim to describe the latest information on advanced analytical approaches for elucidating molecular interactions within the core of polymeric micelles for effective solubilization as well as for analyzing nanomedicine's pharmacokinetic profiles. Taking into account the considerations described within, academic and industrial researchers can continue to elucidate novel interactions in polymeric micelles and capitalize on their potential as drug delivery vehicles to help improve therapeutic outcomes in systemic delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duhyeong Hwang
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery and Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jacob D Ramsey
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery and Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Alexander V Kabanov
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery and Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Laboratory of Chemical Design of Bionanomaterials, Faculty of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia.
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Multi-stimuli-responsive poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate-co-N-vinyl pyrrolidone-co-methacrylic acid-co-N-isopropylacryl amide) hydrogel: synthesis, characterization and application in drug release. IRANIAN POLYMER JOURNAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13726-019-00758-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Rohani Shirvan A, Bashari A, Hemmatinejad N. New insight into the fabrication of smart mucoadhesive buccal patches as a novel controlled-drug delivery system. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Mahmoodzadeh F, Hosseinzadeh M, Jannat B, Ghorbani M. Fabrication and characterization of gold nanospheres‐cored pH‐sensitive thiol‐ended triblock copolymer: A smart drug delivery system for cancer therapy. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Farideh Mahmoodzadeh
- Halal Research Center of Islamic Republic of IranFood and Drug Administration Tehran Iran
| | - Mehdi Hosseinzadeh
- Marand Faculty of Technical and EngineeringUniversity of Tabriz Tabriz Iran
| | - Behrooz Jannat
- Halal Research Center of Islamic Republic of IranFood and Drug Administration Tehran Iran
| | - Marjan Ghorbani
- Stem Cell Research CenterTabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
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Gurunathan S, Kang MH, Qasim M, Kim JH. Nanoparticle-Mediated Combination Therapy: Two-in-One Approach for Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3264. [PMID: 30347840 PMCID: PMC6214025 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer represents a group of heterogeneous diseases characterized by uncontrolledgrowth and spread of abnormal cells, ultimately leading to death. Nanomedicine plays a significantrole in the development of nanodrugs, nanodevices, drug delivery systems and nanocarriers. Someof the major issues in the treatment of cancer are multidrug resistance (MDR), narrow therapeuticwindow and undesired side effects of available anticancer drugs and the limitations of anticancerdrugs. Several nanosystems being utilized for detection, diagnosis and treatment such as theranosticcarriers, liposomes, carbon nanotubes, quantum dots, polymeric micelles, dendrimers and metallicnanoparticles. However, nonbiodegradable nanoparticles causes high tissue accumulation andleads to toxicity. MDR is considered a major impediment to cancer treatment due to metastatictumors that develop resistance to chemotherapy. MDR contributes to the failure of chemotherapiesin various cancers, including breast, ovarian, lung, gastrointestinal and hematological malignancies.Moreover, the therapeutic efficiency of anticancer drugs or nanoparticles (NPs) used alone is lessthan that of the combination of NPs and anticancer drugs. Combination therapy has long beenadopted as the standard first-line treatment of several malignancies to improve the clinical outcome.Combination therapy with anticancer drugs has been shown to generally induce synergistic drugactions and deter the onset of drug resistance. Therefore, this review is designed to report andanalyze the recent progress made to address combination therapy using NPs and anticancer drugs.We first provide a comprehensive overview of the angiogenesis and of the different types of NPscurrently used in treatments of cancer; those emphasized in this review are liposomes, polymericNPs, polymeric micelles (PMs), dendrimers, carbon NPs, nanodiamond (ND), fullerenes, carbonnanotubes (CNTs), graphene oxide (GO), GO nanocomposites and metallic NPs used forcombination therapy with various anticancer agents. Nanotechnology has provided the convenienttools for combination therapy. However, for clinical translation, we need continued improvementsin the field of nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangiliyandi Gurunathan
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Min-Hee Kang
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Muhammad Qasim
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Jin-Hoi Kim
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
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Kesharwani SS, Kaur S, Tummala H, Sangamwar AT. Multifunctional approaches utilizing polymeric micelles to circumvent multidrug resistant tumors. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2018; 173:581-590. [PMID: 30352379 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The concerns impeding the success of chemotherapy in cancer is descending efficacy of drugs due to the development of multiple drug resistance (MDR). The current efforts employed to overcome MDR have failed or are limited to only preliminary in-vitro investigations. Nanotechnology is at the forefront of the drug delivery research, playing pivotal role in chemotherapy and diagnosis, thereby providing innovative approaches for the management of the disease with minimal side effects. Recently, polymeric micelles (PMs) have witnessed significant developments in cancer therapy. PMs are self-assembled colloidal particles, with a hydrophilic head and a long hydrophobic tail, which enhance the solubility, permeability and bioavailability of drugs, due to the unique features of reaching higher concentration in the biological system, above critical micellar concentration. One of the effective approaches to improve the efficacy of chemotherapy and overcome drug resistance would be to employ multifunctional approach (combination of stimuli-responsive, utilization of drug resistance modulators and combination therapy) using PMs as drug delivery systems. Actively targeted, stimuli-sensitive and multifunctional approaches involve using single and/or combination of approaches (pH-responsive, temperature regulated, reduction-sensitive, ultrasound etc.) to combat drug resistant. The review will describe PMs, types of copolymers used in PMs, preparation and characterization of PMs. A comprehensive list of PMs tested in clinical trials is discussed. Lastly, this review covers stimuli-sensitive and multifunctional approaches to overcome MDR in cancer utilizing PMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddharth S Kesharwani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy & Allied Health Professions, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA
| | - Shamandeep Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, Sector 67, Mohali, Punjab, 160062, India
| | - Hemachand Tummala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy & Allied Health Professions, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA
| | - Abhay T Sangamwar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, Sector 67, Mohali, Punjab, 160062, India.
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Horne TK, Cronjé MJ. Novel carbohydrate-substituted metallo-porphyrazine comparison for cancer tissue-type specificity during PDT. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2017; 173:412-422. [PMID: 28662468 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2017.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A longstanding obstacle to cancer eradication centers on the heterogeneous nature of the tissue that manifests it. Variations between cancer cell resistance profiles often result in a survival percentage following classic therapeutics. As an alternative, photodynamic therapys' (PDT) unique non-specific cell damage mechanism and high degree of application control enables it to potentially deliver an efficient treatment regime to a broad range of heterogeneous tissue types thereby overcoming individual resistance profiles. This study follows on from previous design, characterization and solubility analyses of three novel carbohydrate-ligated zinc-porphyrazine (Zn(II)Pz) derivatives. Here we report on their PDT application potential in the treatment of five common cancer tissue types in vitro. Following analyses of metabolic homeostasis, toxicity and cell death induction, overall Zn(II)Pz-PDT proved comparably efficient between all cancer tissue populations. Differential localization patterns of Zn(II)Pz derivatives between cell types did not appear to influence the overall PDT effect. All cell types exhibited significant disruptions to mitochondrial activity and associated ATP production levels. Toxicity and chromatin structure profiles revealed indiscernible patterns of damage between Zn(II)Pz derivatives and cell type. The subtle differences observed between individual Zn(II)Pz derivatives is most likely due to a combination of carbohydrate moiety characteristics on energy transfer processes and associated dosage optimization requirements per tissue type. Collectively, this indicates that resistance profiles are negated to a significant extent by Zn(II)Pz-PDT making these derivatives attractive candidates for PDT applications across multiple tissue types and subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamarisk K Horne
- Dept of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, 2006, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Marianne J Cronjé
- Dept of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, 2006, Gauteng, South Africa.
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14
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Horne TK, Cronjé MJ. Mechanistics and photo-energetics of macrocycles and photodynamic therapy: An overview of aspects to consider for research. Chem Biol Drug Des 2017; 89:221-242. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tamarisk K. Horne
- Department of Biochemistry; Faculty of Science; University of Johannesburg; Auckland Park South Africa
| | - Marianne J. Cronjé
- Department of Biochemistry; Faculty of Science; University of Johannesburg; Auckland Park South Africa
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16
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Zhang Y, Lovell JF. Recent applications of phthalocyanines and naphthalocyanines for imaging and therapy. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 9. [PMID: 27439671 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
With high extinction coefficients and long absorption wavelengths in the near infrared region, phthalocyanines (Pcs) and naphthalocyanines (Ncs) are well-suited for optical imaging and phototherapies in biological tissues. Pcs and Ncs have been used in a range of theranostic applications. Peripheral and axial substituents can be introduced to Pcs and Ncs for chemical modification. Seamless metal chelation of Pcs or Ncs can expand their possibilities as medical therapeutic and imaging agents. Nanoparticulate approaches enable unique ways to deliver Pcs and Ncs to target tissues and improve their solubility, biocompatibility, biodistribution and stability. Herein, we highlight some recent Pc or Nc nanoscale systems for theranostic applications. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2017, 9:e1420. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1420 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumiao Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA.,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan F Lovell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
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Penfold NJW, Lovett JR, Warren NJ, Verstraete P, Smets J, Armes SP. pH-Responsive non-ionic diblock copolymers: protonation of a morpholine end-group induces an order–order transition. Polym Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py01510c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Protonation of a terminal morpholine group on PGMA50-PHPMA140 diblock copolymer nanoparticles induces a reversible worm-to-sphere order-order transition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J. R. Lovett
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Sheffield
- Sheffield
- UK
| | - N. J. Warren
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Sheffield
- Sheffield
- UK
| | | | - J. Smets
- Procter & Gamble
- 1853 Strombeek Bever
- Belgium
| | - S. P. Armes
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Sheffield
- Sheffield
- UK
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18
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Weijer R, Broekgaarden M, Kos M, van Vught R, Rauws EA, Breukink E, van Gulik TM, Storm G, Heger M. Enhancing photodynamic therapy of refractory solid cancers: Combining second-generation photosensitizers with multi-targeted liposomal delivery. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C-PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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RAFT preparation and the aqueous self-assembly of amphiphilic poly(octadecyl acrylate)- block -poly(polyethylene glycol methyl ether acrylate) copolymers. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2015.01.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Nakayama M, Akimoto J, Okano T. Polymeric micelles with stimuli-triggering systems for advanced cancer drug targeting. J Drug Target 2015; 22:584-99. [PMID: 25012066 DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2014.936872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Since the 1990s, nanoscale drug carriers have played a pivotal role in cancer chemotherapy, acting through passive drug delivery mechanisms and subsequent pharmaceutical action at tumor tissues with reduction of adverse effects. Polymeric micelles, as supramolecular assemblies of amphiphilic polymers, have been considerably developed as promising drug carrier candidates, and a number of clinical studies of anticancer drug-loaded polymeric micelle carriers for cancer chemotherapy applications are now in progress. However, these systems still face several issues; at present, the simultaneous control of target-selective delivery and release of incorporated drugs remains difficult. To resolve these points, the introduction of stimuli-responsive mechanisms to drug carrier systems is believed to be a promising approach to provide better solutions for future tumor drug targeting strategies. As possible trigger signals, biological acidic pH, light, heating/cooling and ultrasound actively play significant roles in signal-triggering drug release and carrier interaction with target cells. This review article summarizes several molecular designs for stimuli-responsive polymeric micelles in response to variation of pH, light and temperature and discusses their potentials as next-generation tumor drug targeting systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masamichi Nakayama
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University (TWIns) , Kawada-Cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo , Japan
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasidharan Swarnalatha Lucky
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences & Engineering (NGS), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore 117456
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore 117576
| | - Khee Chee Soo
- Division
of Medical Sciences, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore 169610
| | - Yong Zhang
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences & Engineering (NGS), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore 117456
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore 117576
- College
of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Zhejiang, P. R. China 321004
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Zou X, Zhao X, Ye L, Wang Q, Li H. Preparation and drug release behavior of pH-responsive bovine serum albumin-loaded chitosan microspheres. J IND ENG CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2014.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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23
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Biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles based on amphiphilic principle: construction and application in drug delivery. Sci China Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-014-5076-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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24
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Abstract
Poorly soluble drugs often encounter low bioavailability and erratic absorption patterns in the clinical setting. Due to the rising number of compounds having solubility issues, finding ways to enhance the solubility of drugs is one of the major challenges in the pharmaceutical industry today. Polymeric micelles, which form upon self-assembly of amphiphilic macromolecules, can act as solubilizing agents for delivery of poorly soluble drugs. This manuscript examines the fundamentals of polymeric micelles through reviews of representative literature and demonstrates possible applications through recent examples of clinical trial developments. In particular, the potential of polymeric micelles for delivery of poorly water-soluble drugs, especially in the areas of oral delivery and in cancer therapy, is discussed. Key considerations in utilizing polymeric micelles' advantages and overcoming potential disadvantages have been highlighted. Lastly, other possible strategies related to particle size reduction for enhancing solubilization of poorly water-soluble drugs are introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Lu
- Purdue University, Departments of Pharmaceutics and Biomedical Engineering, West Lafayette, IN 47906, U.S.A
| | - Kinam Park
- Purdue University, Departments of Pharmaceutics and Biomedical Engineering, West Lafayette, IN 47906, U.S.A
- Kyung Hee University, School of Dentistry, Department of Maxillofacial Biomedical Engineering, Seoul, Korea
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Polymeric micelles, a promising drug delivery system to enhance bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs. JOURNAL OF DRUG DELIVERY 2013; 2013:340315. [PMID: 23936656 PMCID: PMC3712247 DOI: 10.1155/2013/340315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 267] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Revised: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Oral administration is the most commonly used and readily accepted form of drug delivery; however, it is find that many drugs are difficult to attain enough bioavailability when administered via this route. Polymeric micelles (PMs) can overcome some limitations of the oral delivery acting as carriers able to enhance drug absorption, by providing (1) protection of the loaded drug from the harsh environment of the GI tract, (2) release of the drug in a controlled manner at target sites, (3) prolongation of the residence time in the gut by mucoadhesion, and (4) inhibition of efflux pumps to improve the drug accumulation. To explain the mechanisms for enhancement of oral bioavailability, we discussed the special stability of PMs, the controlled release properties of pH-sensitive PMs, the prolongation of residence time with mucoadhesive PMs, and the P-gp inhibitors commonly used in PMs, respectively. The primary purpose of this paper is to illustrate the potential of PMs for delivery of poorly water-soluble drugs with bioavailability being well maintained.
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Zheng H, Xing L, Cao Y, Che S. Coordination bonding based pH-responsive drug delivery systems. Coord Chem Rev 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2013.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Sosnik A. Temperature- and pH-sensitive Polymeric Micelles for Drug Encapsulation, Release and Targeting. SMART MATERIALS FOR DRUG DELIVERY 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/9781849736800-00115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
More than 50% of the drugs in the market and 70% of the new candidates are poorly water soluble according to the Biopharmaceutic Classification System (BCS(. Poor aqueous solubility and physico-chemical stability of drugs in biological fluids remain key limitations in oral, parenteral and transdermal administration and contribute to an increase the drug attrition rate. Motivated by the outbreak of nanotechnology, different nanocarriers made of lipids and polymers have been designed and developed to address these limitations. Moreover, robust platforms were exploited to achieve the temporal and spatial release of drugs, thus constraining the systemic exposure to toxic agents and the appearance of severe adverse effects and improving the safety ratio. Owing to unique features such as (i( great chemical flexibility, (ii( capacity to host, solubilize and physico-chemically stabilize poorly water soluble drugs, (iii( ability to accumulate selectively in highly vascularized solid tumors and (iv( ability of single amphiphile molecules (unimers( to inhibit the activity of different pumps of the ATP-binding cassette superfamily (ABCs(, polymeric micelles have emerged as one of the most versatile nanotechnologies. Despite their diverse applications to improve the therapeutic outcomes, polymeric micelles remain clinically uncapitalized. The present chapter overviews the most recent applications of temperature- and pH-responsive polymeric micelles for the encapsulation, release and targeting of drugs and discusses the perspectives for these unique nanocarriers in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Sosnik
- The Group of Biomaterials and Nanotechnology for Improved Medicines (BIONIMED) Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, 956 Junín St., Buenos Aires CP1113 Argentina and National Science Research Council (CONICET) Buenos Aires, Argentina
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A pH-responsive nano-carrier with mesoporous silica nanoparticles cores and poly(acrylic acid) shell-layers: Fabrication, characterization and properties for controlled release of salidroside. Int J Pharm 2013; 446:153-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.01.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2012] [Revised: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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29
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Qiao XF, Zhou JC, Xiao JW, Wang YF, Sun LD, Yan CH. Triple-functional core-shell structured upconversion luminescent nanoparticles covalently grafted with photosensitizer for luminescent, magnetic resonance imaging and photodynamic therapy in vitro. NANOSCALE 2012; 4:4611-23. [PMID: 22706800 DOI: 10.1039/c2nr30938f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Upconversion luminescent nanoparticles (UCNPs) have been widely used in many biochemical fields, due to their characteristic large anti-Stokes shifts, narrow emission bands, deep tissue penetration and minimal background interference. UCNPs-derived multifunctional materials that integrate the merits of UCNPs and other functional entities have also attracted extensive attention. Here in this paper we present a core-shell structured nanomaterial, namely, NaGdF(4):Yb,Er@CaF(2)@SiO(2)-PS, which is multifunctional in the fields of photodynamic therapy (PDT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and fluorescence/luminescence imaging. The NaGdF(4):Yb,Er@CaF(2) nanophosphors (10 nm in diameter) were prepared via sequential thermolysis, and mesoporous silica was coated as shell layer, in which photosensitizer (PS, hematoporphyrin and silicon phthalocyanine dihydroxide) was covalently grafted. The silica shell improved the dispersibility of hydrophobic PS molecules in aqueous environments, and the covalent linkage stably anchored the PS molecules in the silica shell. Under excitation at 980 nm, the as-fabricated nanomaterial gave luminescence bands at 550 nm and 660 nm. One luminescent peak could be used for fluorescence imaging and the other was suitable for the absorption of PS to generate singlet oxygen for killing cancer cells. The PDT performance was investigated using a singlet oxygen indicator, and was investigated in vitro in HeLa cells using a fluorescent probe. Meanwhile, the nanomaterial displayed low dark cytotoxicity and near-infrared (NIR) image in HeLa cells. Further, benefiting from the paramagnetic Gd(3+) ions in the core, the nanomaterial could be used as a contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Compared with the clinical commercial contrast agent Gd-DTPA, the as-fabricated nanomaterial showed a comparable longitudinal relaxivities value (r(1)) and similar imaging effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Fei Qiao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, PKU-HKU Joint Laboratory in Rare Earth Materials and Bioinorganic Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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pH-sensitive vesicles, polymeric micelles, and nanospheres prepared with polycarboxylates. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2012; 64:979-92. [PMID: 21996056 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2011.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 320] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2011] [Revised: 09/16/2011] [Accepted: 09/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Titratable polyanions, and more particularly polymers bearing carboxylate groups, have been used in recent years to produce a variety of pH-sensitive colloids. These polymers undergo a coil-to-globule conformational change upon a variation in pH of the surrounding environment. This conformational change can be exploited to trigger the release of a drug from a drug delivery system in a pH-dependent fashion. This review describes the current status of pH-sensitive vesicles, polymeric micelles, and nanospheres prepared with polycarboxylates and their performance as nano-scale drug delivery systems, with emphasis on our recent contribution to this field.
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31
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Kulthe SS, Choudhari YM, Inamdar NN, Mourya V. Polymeric micelles: authoritative aspects for drug delivery. Des Monomers Polym 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/1385772x.2012.688328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sushant S. Kulthe
- a Government College of Pharmacy , Aurangabad , 431005 , Maharashtra , India
| | - Yogesh M. Choudhari
- a Government College of Pharmacy , Aurangabad , 431005 , Maharashtra , India
| | - Nazma N. Inamdar
- a Government College of Pharmacy , Aurangabad , 431005 , Maharashtra , India
| | - Vishnukant Mourya
- a Government College of Pharmacy , Aurangabad , 431005 , Maharashtra , India
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Luo J, Zhou Q, Sun J, Jiang J, Zhou X, Zhang H, Liu X. Photoresponsive water-dispersible polyaniline nanoparticles through template synthesis with copolymer micelle containing coumarin groups. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.26204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Zhou A, Wei Y, Wu B, Chen Q, Xing D. Pyropheophorbide A and c(RGDyK) comodified chitosan-wrapped upconversion nanoparticle for targeted near-infrared photodynamic therapy. Mol Pharm 2012; 9:1580-9. [PMID: 22533630 DOI: 10.1021/mp200590y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Near-infrared (NIR)-to-visible upconversion nanoparticle (UCNP) has shown promising prospects in photodynamic therapy (PDT) as a drug carrier or energy donor. In this work, a photosensitizer pyropheophorbide a (Ppa) and RGD peptide c(RGDyK) comodified chitosan-wrapped NaYF(4):Yb/Er upconversion nanoparticle UCNP-Ppa-RGD was developed for targeted near-infrared photodynamic therapy. The properties of UCNP-Ppa-RGD, such as morphology, stability, optical spectroscopy and singlet oxygen generation efficiency, were investigated. The results show that covalently linked pyropheophorbide a molecule not only is stable but also retains its spectroscopic and functional properties. In vitro studies confirm a stronger targeting specificity of UCNP-Ppa-RGD to integrin α(v)β(3)-positive U87-MG cells compared with that in the corresponding negative group. The photosensitizer-attached nanostructure exhibited low dark toxicity and high phototoxicity against cancer cells upon 980 nm laser irradiation at an appropriate dosage. These results represent the first demonstration of a highly stable and efficient photosensitizer modified upconversion nanostructure for targeted near-infrared photodynamic therapy of cancer cells. The novel UCNP-Ppa-RGD nanoparticle may provide a powerful alternative for near-infrared photodynamic therapy with an improved tumor targeting specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiguo Zhou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
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Hudson R, Boyle RW. Strategies for selective delivery of photodynamic sensitisers to biological targets. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2012. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424604000325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Strategies for increasing the affinity of photodynamic sensitisers for specific tissues, cells and organisms are reviewed. Biological outcomes are evaluated and therapeutic potential assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Hudson
- Photobiology & Photomedicine Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, East Yorkshire HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
| | - Ross W. Boyle
- Photobiology & Photomedicine Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, East Yorkshire HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
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Synthesis and characterization of dual responsive graft copolymers composed of casein and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide). JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-011-9743-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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36
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Tsai HC, Tsai CH, Lin SY, Jhang CR, Chiang YS, Hsiue GH. Stimulated release of photosensitizers from graft and diblock micelles for photodynamic therapy. Biomaterials 2012; 33:1827-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2011] [Accepted: 11/10/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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37
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Zhou W, An X, Wang J, Shen W, Chen Z, Wang X. Characteristics, phase behavior and control release for copolymer–liposome with both pH and temperature sensitivities. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2011.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Abstract
The photosensitizing and pharmacokinetic properties of porphyrin-type compounds have been investigated for nearly a century. In the last decade, two porphyrin derivatives were approved in the U.S.A. and in several other countries for the photodynamic treatment of various lesions. An overview of the different mechanisms for preferential porphyrinoid localization in malignant tumors is presented herein. Several uptake pathways are possible for each photosensitizer, which are determined by its structure, mode of delivery and tumor type. Comparisons of the different mechanisms and correlations with the structure of the sensitizer are presented. Current delivery systems for porphyrin sensitizers are described, as well as recent strategies for enhancing their tumor-specificity, including conjugation to a carrier system that selectively targets a tumor-associated receptor or antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Osterloh
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - M. Graça H. Vicente
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
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Zheng H, Huang Z, Che S. Mesostructured chitosan–silica hybrid as a biodegradable carrier for a pH-responsive drug delivery system. Dalton Trans 2012; 41:5038-44. [DOI: 10.1039/c2dt12347a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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40
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Zheng H, Che S. Amino/quaternary ammonium groups bifunctionalized large pore mesoporous silica for pH-responsive large drug delivery. RSC Adv 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra20380d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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41
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Jin D, Lee JH, Seo ML, Jaworski J, Jung JH. Controlled drug delivery from mesoporous silica using a pH-response release system. NEW J CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2nj20976d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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42
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Sekkat N, van den Bergh H, Nyokong T, Lange N. Like a bolt from the blue: phthalocyanines in biomedical optics. Molecules 2011; 17:98-144. [PMID: 22198535 PMCID: PMC6269082 DOI: 10.3390/molecules17010098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2011] [Revised: 12/05/2011] [Accepted: 12/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to compile preclinical and clinical results on phthalocyanines (Pcs) as photosensitizers (PS) for Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) and contrast agents for fluorescence imaging. Indeed, Pcs are excellent candidates in these fields due to their strong absorbance in the NIR region and high chemical and photo-stability. In particular, this is mostly relevant for their in vivo activation in deeper tissular regions. However, most Pcs present two major limitations, i.e., a strong tendency to aggregate and a low water-solubility. In order to overcome these issues, both chemical tuning and pharmaceutical formulation combined with tumor targeting strategies were applied. These aspects will be developed in this review for the most extensively studied Pcs during the last 25 years, i.e., aluminium-, zinc- and silicon-based Pcs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawal Sekkat
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Lausanne/Geneva, Geneva, 30, quai Ernest Ansermet, Geneva CH-1211, Switzerland
| | - Hubert van den Bergh
- Laboratory of Photomedicine, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Tebello Nyokong
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
| | - Norbert Lange
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Lausanne/Geneva, Geneva, 30, quai Ernest Ansermet, Geneva CH-1211, Switzerland
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; ; Tel.:+41-22-379-3335; Fax: +41-22-379-6567
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Zhao Z, Chan PS, Li H, Wong KL, Wong RNS, Mak NK, Zhang J, Tam HL, Wong WY, Kwong DWJ, Wong WK. Highly Selective Mitochondria-Targeting Amphiphilic Silicon(IV) Phthalocyanines with Axially Ligated Rhodamine B for Photodynamic Therapy. Inorg Chem 2011; 51:812-21. [DOI: 10.1021/ic201178e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhixin Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
SAR
| | - Pui-Shan Chan
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
SAR
| | - Hongguang Li
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
SAR
| | - Ka-Leung Wong
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
SAR
| | - Ricky Ngok Shun Wong
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
SAR
| | - Nai-Ki Mak
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
SAR
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
SAR
| | - Hoi-Lam Tam
- Department of Physics, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
SAR
| | - Wai-Yeung Wong
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
SAR
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, Areas of Excellence Schemes, University
Grants Committee, Hong Kong
| | - Daniel W. J. Kwong
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
SAR
| | - Wai-Kwok Wong
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
SAR
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, Areas of Excellence Schemes, University
Grants Committee, Hong Kong
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44
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Chen D, Liang H, Yang Y, Yuan Z, Ding P, Deng Y. Effects of pH-Sensitive Groups on Poly(ethylene oxide)-block
-poly(ϵ-caprolactone) Block Copolymer Micelles Used as Drug Carriers. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201100351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Zhu J, Wang H, Liao L, Zhao L, Zhou L, Yu M, Wang Y, Liu B, Yu C. Small Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles as Carriers for Enhanced Photodynamic Therapy. Chem Asian J 2011; 6:2332-8. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201100064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Silylation enhancement of photodynamic activity of tetraphenylporphyrin derivative. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2011.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Mroz P, Xia Y, Asanuma D, Konopko A, Zhiyentayev T, Huang YY, Sharma SK, Dai T, Khan UJ, Wharton T, Hamblin MR. Intraperitoneal photodynamic therapy mediated by a fullerene in a mouse model of abdominal dissemination of colon adenocarcinoma. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2011; 7:965-74. [PMID: 21645643 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2011.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2010] [Revised: 03/09/2011] [Accepted: 04/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Functionalized fullerenes represent a new class of photosensitizer (PS) that is being investigated for photodynamic therapy (PDT) of various diseases, including cancer. We tested the hypothesis that fullerenes could be used to mediate PDT of intraperitoneal (IP) carcinomatosis in a mouse model. In humans this form of cancer responds poorly to standard treatment and manifests as a thin covering of tumor nodules on intestines and on other abdominal organs. We used a colon adenocarcinoma cell line (CT26) stably expressing luciferase to allow monitoring of IP tumor burden in BALB/c mice by noninvasive real-time optical imaging using a sensitive low-light camera. IP injection of a preparation of N-methylpyrrolidinium-fullerene formulated in Cremophor-EL micelles, followed by white-light illumination delivered through the peritoneal wall (after creation of a skin flap), produced a statistically significant reduction in bioluminescence and a survival advantage in mice. FROM THE CLINICAL EDITOR This team of investigators report on functionalized fullerenes, to be used as photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy and demonstrate the efficacy of this method in an intraperitoneal carcinomatosis mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawel Mroz
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
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Liu R, Li D, He B, Xu X, Sheng M, Lai Y, Wang G, Gu Z. Anti-tumor drug delivery of pH-sensitive poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(L-histidine-)-poly(L-lactide) nanoparticles. J Control Release 2011; 152:49-56. [PMID: 21397642 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2011.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2010] [Revised: 02/09/2011] [Accepted: 02/28/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
pH-sensitive poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(L-histidine)-poly(L-lactide) (PEG-PH-PLLA) nanoparticles were prepared and used as carriers for anti-tumor drug delivery. The morphology and properties of the nanoparticles such as pH sensitivity, zeta potential and mean diameters were investigated. The cytotoxicity of PEG-PH-PLLA nanoparticles was evaluated. Doxorubicin (DOX) was encapsulated in the nanoparticles to explore the release profile. The drug-loaded nanoparticles were incubated with HepG2 cells to study the in vitro anti-tumor effect. The results showed the sizes of both blank nanoparticles and drug-loaded nanoparticles in pH 7.4 were smaller than those of nanoparticles in pH 5.0, and the mean diameter of drug-loaded nanoparticles was much bigger than that of blank nanoparticles. The PEG-PH-PLLA nanoparticles were nontoxic to both NIH 3T3 fibroblasts and HepG2 cells. The release profile showed that the release of DOX in pH 5.0 was much faster than that in pH 7.4. The in vitro experiments demonstrated that the anti-tumor effect of drug-loaded nanoparticles was preferable to free doxorubicin. The pH-sensitive PEG-PH-PLLA nanoparticles are promising carriers for anti-tumor drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
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Zhou W, An X, Gong J, Shen W, Chen Z, Wang X. Synthesis, characteristics, and phase behavior of a thermosensitive and pH-sensitive polyelectrolyte. J Appl Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/app.33833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Ma Y, Zhou L, Zheng H, Xing L, Li C, Cui J, Che S. pH-responsive mitoxantrone (MX) delivery using mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1jm10750j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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