1
|
Gopalakrishnan A, Bouby M, Schäfer AI. Membrane-organic solute interactions in asymmetric flow field flow fractionation: Interplay of hydrodynamic and electrostatic forces. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 855:158891. [PMID: 36411600 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The structure and size characterization of organic matter (OM) using flow field-flow fractionation (FFFF) is interesting due to the numerous interactions of OM in aquatic systems and water treatment processes. The estimation of hydrodynamic and electrostatic forces involved in the fractionation of OM over different molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) membranes is vital for a better understanding of the FFFF process. This work aims to understand the membrane-OM interactive forces with respect to membrane MWCO, solute molecular weight, flow rates, solution pH and ionic strength. Polystyrene sulfonate sodium salt (PSS) of molecular weights 10, 30 and 65 kDa were used as model organic solutes for fractionation over ultrafiltration (UF) membranes of MWCO 1-30 kDa. Maximum fractionation of PSS was achieved by using a tight membrane of 1 kDa MWCO at the conditions of high permeate flow rate (1.5-2.0 mL·min-1), low concentrate flow rate (0.2-0.3 mL·min-1) and low ionic strength (10 mM). The better fractionation corresponds to high permeate drag force and low concentrate drag force. A low membrane-solute DLVO interaction is favourable for the retention of a small solute. This study illustrated that FFFF characteristics can be analyzed based on membrane-solute interactive forces controlled by selected flow, size and charge parameters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akhil Gopalakrishnan
- Institute for Advanced Membrane Technology (IAMT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Muriel Bouby
- Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Andrea I Schäfer
- Institute for Advanced Membrane Technology (IAMT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang Y, Cuss C, Shotyk W. Application of asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation to the study of aquatic systems: Coupled methods, challenges, and future needs. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1632:461600. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
|
3
|
|
4
|
Makan AC, Williams RP, Pasch H. Field Flow Fractionation for the Size, Molar Mass, and Gel Content Analysis of Emulsion Polymers for Water-Based Coatings. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201600208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashwell C. Makan
- Kansai Plascon Research Centre; Polymer Science Building, Room 2028; University of Stellenbosch; 7602 Matieland South Africa
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science; University of Stellenbosch; Private Bag X1 Matieland 7602 South Africa
| | - Ryan P. Williams
- Kansai Plascon Research Centre; Polymer Science Building, Room 2028; University of Stellenbosch; 7602 Matieland South Africa
| | - Harald Pasch
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science; University of Stellenbosch; Private Bag X1 Matieland 7602 South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Rathgeb A, Causon T, Krachler R, Hann S. Determination of size-dependent metal distribution in dissolved organic matter by SEC-UV/VIS-ICP-MS with special focus on changes in seawater. Electrophoresis 2016; 37:1063-71. [PMID: 26814136 PMCID: PMC4825403 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201500538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Iron is an essential micronutrient for all marine organisms, but it is also a growth limiting factor as the iron concentrations in the open ocean are below 1 nmol/L in sea water iron is almost entirely bound to organic ligands of the dissolved organic matter fraction, which are mostly of unknown structure. The input from rivers was traditionally considered as less important due to estuarine sedimentation processes of the mainly colloidal iron particles. However, recent studies have shown that this removal is not complete and riverine input may represent an important iron source in the open ocean. In this context, iron transport by land-derived natural organic matter (NOM), and dissolved organic matter (DOM) have been identified as carrier mechanisms for riverine iron. The aim of this work is to characterize complexes containing iron and other metals in waters simulating estuarine conditions in order to help understand which role iron-DOM compounds play in the open ocean. A method based on size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) with sequential UV/VIS and ICP-MS detection was developed for investigation of DOM size distribution and for assessment of the size-dependent metal distribution in NOM-rich surface water. Furthermore, sample matrix experiments were also performed revealing a dependence of DOM size distribution upon seawater concentration and different compounds present in seawater. Finally, efforts toward determination of DOM size with standardization with typical SEC standards indicate that only relative comparisons are possible with this approach, and that the sample matrix composition strongly influences obtained results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rathgeb
- Division of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU Vienna), Vienna, Austria
| | - Tim Causon
- Division of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU Vienna), Vienna, Austria
| | - Regina Krachler
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stephan Hann
- Division of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU Vienna), Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Synthetic Smectite Colloids: Characterization of Nanoparticles after Co-Precipitation in the Presence of Lanthanides and Tetravalent Elements (Zr, Th). CHROMATOGRAPHY 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/chromatography2030545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
7
|
Wagner M, Pietsch C, Tauhardt L, Schallon A, Schubert US. Characterization of cationic polymers by asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation and multi-angle light scattering—A comparison with traditional techniques. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1325:195-203. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.11.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Revised: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
|
8
|
Kim ST, Kim HK, Han SH, Jung EC, Lee S. Determination of size distribution of colloidal TiO2 nanoparticles using sedimentation field-flow fractionation combined with single particle mode of inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Microchem J 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2013.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
9
|
Analysis of complex polymers by multidetector field-flow fractionation. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 406:1585-96. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-7308-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Revised: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
10
|
Wahlund KG. Flow field-flow fractionation: Critical overview. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1287:97-112. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2012] [Revised: 02/08/2013] [Accepted: 02/09/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
11
|
Bae J, Kim W, Rah K, Jung EC, Lee S. Application of flow field-flow fractionation (FlFFF) for size characterization of carbon black particles in ink. Microchem J 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2012.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
12
|
Dou H, Kim KH, Kim ST, Lee BC, Kim HS, Jung EC, Lee S. Asymmetrical Flow Field-Flow Fractionation for Characterization of Cyclotrimethylene Trinitramine (RDX) Particles Prepared by Supercritical Anti-Solvent Recrystallization. Chromatographia 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-012-2264-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
13
|
Pasch H, Malik MI, Macko T. Recent Advances in High-Temperature Fractionation of Polyolefins. POLYMER COMPOSITES – POLYOLEFIN FRACTIONATION – POLYMERIC PEPTIDOMIMETICS – COLLAGENS 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/12_2012_167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
14
|
Neubauer E, v.d. Kammer F, Hofmann T. Influence of carrier solution ionic strength and injected sample load on retention and recovery of natural nanoparticles using Flow Field-Flow Fractionation. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:6763-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2011] [Revised: 07/01/2011] [Accepted: 07/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
15
|
Lee S, Kim ST, Pant BR, Kwen HD, Song HH, Lee SK, Nehete SV. Carboxymethylation of corn starch and characterization using asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation coupled with multiangle light scattering. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:4623-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.04.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2010] [Revised: 03/22/2010] [Accepted: 04/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
16
|
An overview on field-flow fractionation techniques and their applications in the separation and characterization of polymers. Prog Polym Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2008.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
17
|
Alasonati E, Benincasa MA, Slaveykova VI. Asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation coupled to multiangle laser light scattering detector: optimization of crossflow rate, carrier characteristics, and injected mass in alginate separation. J Sep Sci 2007; 30:2332-40. [PMID: 17683047 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200700211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The coupling of the flow field-flow fractionation (FlFFF) to differential refractive index (DRI) and multiangle laser light scattering (LS) detectors is a powerful tool for characterizing charged polysaccharides such as alginate. However, the correct interpretation of the experimental results and extrapolation of meaningful molecular parameters by using an analytical tool with such a level of complexity requires improvement of the knowledge of the alginate behavior in the channel and careful optimization of the operating conditions. Therefore, the influence of the critical operating parameters, such as crossflow rate, carrier composition and concentration, and sample load, on the alginate retention was carefully evaluated. Combined information obtained simultaneously by DRI and LS detectors over the wide range of the crossflow rate, carrier liquid concentration, and injected amount, allowed to set the appropriate combination of optimal parameters. It was found that the crossflow rate of 0.25 mL/min, carrier solution containing 5x10(-2 )mol/L ammonium or sodium chloride, and 50-100 microg of injected sample mass were necessary to achieve complete separation and determination of the meaningful molecular characteristics. The values of the weight-average hydrodynamic radius (R(Hw)), radius of gyration (R(G)), and molar mass (M), obtained under the optimal conditions were in good agreement to those found for alginates in the literature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enrica Alasonati
- Environmental Biophysical Chemistry, ISTE-ENAC, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland. Fax: +41-21-693-37-39
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Benincasa M, Mazzoni V. Easy Monitoring, by Flow FFF, of the Behavior of Nanoparticles Formed from Copolymers of Sulfopropylmethacrylate and Methylmethacrylate. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/10826070601093630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Valeria Mazzoni
- a Department of Chemistry , University of Rome “La Sapienza” , Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Williams SKR, Lee D. Field-flow fractionation of proteins, polysaccharides, synthetic polymers, and supramolecular assemblies. J Sep Sci 2006; 29:1720-32. [PMID: 16977714 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200600151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes developments and applications of flow and thermal field-flow fractionation (FFF) in the areas of macromolecules and supramolecular assemblies. In the past 10 years, the use of these FFF techniques has extended beyond determining diffusion coefficients, hydrodynamic diameters, and molecular weights of standards. Complex samples as diverse as polysaccharides, prion particles, and block copolymers have been characterized and processes such as aggregation, stability, and infectivity have been monitored. The open channel design used in FFF makes it a gentle separation technique for high- and ultrahigh-molecular weight macromolecules, aggregates, and self-assembled complexes. Coupling FFF with other techniques such as multiangle light scattering and MS provides additional invaluable information about conformation, branching, and identity.
Collapse
|
20
|
Modig G, Nilsson PO, Wahlund KG. Influence of Jet-Cooking Temperature and Ionic Strength on Size and Structure of Cationic Potato Amylopectin Starch as Measured by Asymmetrical Flow Field-Flow Fractionation Multi-Angle Light Scattering. STARCH-STARKE 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/star.200500430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
21
|
Gimbert LJ, Andrew KN, Haygarth PM, Worsfold PJ. Environmental applications of flow field-flow fractionation (FIFFF). Trends Analyt Chem 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0165-9936(03)01103-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
22
|
Arfvidsson C, Wahlund KG. Mass overloading in the flow field-flow fractionation channel studied by the behaviour of the ultra-large wheat protein glutenin. J Chromatogr A 2003; 1011:99-109. [PMID: 14518767 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(03)01145-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Flow field-flow fractionation (FFF) has previously been used in successful fractionation and characterisation of the ultra-large wheat protein glutenin. The many parameters, which may influence the retention behaviour, especially when analysing extremely high-molecular-mass samples such as glutenin, are here reported. Size determination from the sample retention time, using FFF theory, will as a result have a very low accuracy. The need for direct molecular mass determination, such as by light scattering, in combination with FFF, in order to do accurate size measurements of glutenin is pointed out as well as the importance to minimise the overloading.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Arfvidsson
- Department of Technical Analytical Chemistry, Center for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, S-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Lee S, Nilsson PO, Nilsson GS, Wahlund KG. Development of asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation–multi angle laser light scattering analysis for molecular mass characterization of cationic potato amylopectin. J Chromatogr A 2003; 1011:111-23. [PMID: 14518768 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(03)01144-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this study is to investigate the applicability of asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation (AsFlFFF)-multi angle laser light scattering (MALLS), and to develop a method for analysis of cationic potato amylopectin (CPAP) having ultrahigh molecular mass (UHMr). Use of the aqueous carrier having low salt content (3 mM NaN3) resulted in a distortion in AsFlFFF fractograms of CPAP with a general pattern of a sharp rise at the beginning of the elution followed by a long tailing, probably due to combination of attractive and repulsive charge interactions (attractive interaction between CPAP molecules and the channel membrane, and repulsion among cationic CPAP molecules). As the cross flow-rate (Fc) increases, the tailing tends to increase, and the repeatability of the AsFlFFF retention data tends to decrease, which is an indication of the presence of the charge interactions. The tailing gradually decreased, and the repeatability of the AsFIFFF retention data increased, as the salt content of the carrier increased. The distortion of the fractogram finally disappeared at Fc of about 0.2 ml/min and the channel flow-rate (F(out)) of about 1 ml/min with the aqueous carrier having the salt content of 40 mM (3 mM NaN3 +37 mM NaNO3). The weight-average molecular mass (Mw) and the z-average radius of gyration ((rg),) determined by MALLS were 5.2 x 10(7) and 34 x 10(1) nm, respectively. With the flow-rate ratio, Fc/F(out) kept constant, the degree of the charge interactions (and thus the distortion of fractogram) seems to increase with the cross flow-rate (Fc) and with the sample injection mass. AsFIFFF-MALLS was applied for determination of molecular mass distributions (MrDs) and the sizes of CPAPs prepared by various cooking procedures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seungho Lee
- Division of Technical Analytical Chemistry, Center for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, S-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Martin M, Feuillebois F. Onset of sample concentration effects on retention in field-flow fractionation. J Sep Sci 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200390063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
25
|
Benincasa MA, Cartoni G, Delle Fratte C. Flow field-flow fractionation and characterization of ionic and neutral polysaccharides of vegetable and microbial origin. J Chromatogr A 2002; 967:219-34. [PMID: 12685569 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(02)00756-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The flow field-flow fractionation (FlFFF) analysis of a variety of neutral as well as ionic polysaccharides from plants and micro-organisms shows the generally broad distribution in molecular size of these polymers. This result is also obtained on a commercial sample of pullulan whose size distribution appears much wider than that of any of five standard fractions of the same polymer. Clear evidence of some physico-chemical properties of the polysaccharides is given by the study of the effect of the carrier ionic strength on salep, oxidized salep and konjac, carboxymethylcellulose and hyaluronic acid. While neutral polysaccharides, regardless of their origin, only slightly change size distribution in the presence of a simple electrolyte in solution, charged polymers, either naturally charged or chemically ionized, consistently exhibit very low retention levels in water which dramatically increase even at low salt concentrations. Exclusion mechanisms, including steric effects, are shown to be responsible for the anticipated retention times in water of these species that assume the expected statistical coil behavior only when electric charges are screened by the added electrolyte. Under these conditions, higher retention levels are obtained because the volume adjacent to the accumulation wall becomes more accessible to the sample during relaxation. On the basis of these findings, the elution behavior of a number of polysaccharide samples in-laboratory obtained from the fungus Aureobasidium pullulans under different incubation conditions is attributed to the presence of species varying in physico-chemical properties and molecular size.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Anna Benincasa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Roma La Sapienza, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Effects of ionic strength and electrolyte composition on the aggregation of fractionated humic substances studied by flow field-flow fractionation. J Sep Sci 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/1615-9314(20020501)25:7<405::aid-jssc405>3.0.co;2-f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
27
|
Andersson M, Wittgren B, Wahlund KG. Ultrahigh molar mass component detected in ethylhydroxyethyl cellulose by asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation coupled to multiangle light scattering. Anal Chem 2001; 73:4852-61. [PMID: 11681461 DOI: 10.1021/ac0104734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation (flow FFF) was connected to multiangle light scattering (MALS) and refractive index (RI) detectors for characterization of the molar mass distribution and molecular radius of a cellulose derivative, ethylhydroxyethyl cellulose (EHEC). Experimental conditions were optimized to allow study of a wide range of molar mass including even ultrahigh molar mass (UHM) components. The weight-average molar mass was 3.1 x 10(5) g x mol(-1) representing a very broad range (of molar mass) from 4.0 x 10(4) to 10(7) g x mol(-1), which corresponds to from <20 to 200 nm rms radius. The light scattering signal showed the presence of an UHM component, possibly an aggregate of extreme size, i.e., approximately 10(8) g x mol(-1) with a hydrodynamic diameter of 0.35 microm. Careful choice of the pore size in in-line filters is necessary in order to minimize MALS detector noise without removing the UHM component. Flow FFF-MALS-RI was demonstrated to be uniquely suited to detect the presence of UHM components.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Andersson
- Department of Technical Analytical Chemistry, University of Lund, Sweden
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Benincasa MA, Caldwell KD. Flow field-flow fractionation of poly(ethylene oxide): effect of carrier ionic strength and composition. J Chromatogr A 2001; 925:159-69. [PMID: 11519802 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)01011-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The effects of carrier ionic strength and electrolyte composition on the retention of poly(ethylene oxide) in aqueous flow field-flow fractionation have been investigated in this work. The study shows retention to be particularly sensitive to the presence of salts, as well as to the nature of the cation. Specifically, retention effects due to sample load are found to be very different in solutions containing potassium salts compared to those observed in solutions of the corresponding sodium salts. In a potassium-containing medium, the dependence of retention on sample mass is similar to that found previously for polyelectrolytes. This effect, which is particularly prominent for samples of low molecular mass, can be attributed to specific interactions between cation and polymer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M A Benincasa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City 84112, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Glinel K, Vaugelade C, Muller G, Bunel C. Analysis of New Biodegradable Amphiphilic Water-soluble Copolymers with Various Hydrophobe Content by Multi-angle Light Scattering on Line with Flow Field Flow Fractionation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF POLYMER ANALYSIS AND CHARACTERIZATION 2001. [DOI: 10.1080/10236660008034652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
30
|
Bruijnsvoort MV, Tijssen R, Kok WT. Assessment of the diffusional behavior of polystyrene sulfonates in the dilute regime by hollow-fiber flow field flow fractionation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.1149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
31
|
Hecker R, Fawell P, Jefferson A, Farrow J. Flow field-flow fractionation of high-molecular-mass polyacrylamide. J Chromatogr A 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(99)00070-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
32
|
Barth HG, Boyes BE, Jackson C. Size Exclusion Chromatography and Related Separation Techniques. Anal Chem 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/a1980015t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Howard G. Barth
- Central Research and Development, DuPont Company, Experimental Station, P.O. Box 80228, Wilmington, Delaware 19880-0228, Little Falls Analytical DivisionNewport, Hewlett-Packard Company, 538 First State Boulevard, Newport, Delaware 19804, and Marshall Laboratory, DuPont Automative Products, 3401 Grays Ferry Avenue, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19146
| | - Barry E. Boyes
- Central Research and Development, DuPont Company, Experimental Station, P.O. Box 80228, Wilmington, Delaware 19880-0228, Little Falls Analytical DivisionNewport, Hewlett-Packard Company, 538 First State Boulevard, Newport, Delaware 19804, and Marshall Laboratory, DuPont Automative Products, 3401 Grays Ferry Avenue, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19146
| | - Christian Jackson
- Central Research and Development, DuPont Company, Experimental Station, P.O. Box 80228, Wilmington, Delaware 19880-0228, Little Falls Analytical DivisionNewport, Hewlett-Packard Company, 538 First State Boulevard, Newport, Delaware 19804, and Marshall Laboratory, DuPont Automative Products, 3401 Grays Ferry Avenue, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19146
| |
Collapse
|