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Askaripour K, Żak A. A systematic review on cellular responses of Escherichia coli to nonthermal electromagnetic irradiation. Bioelectromagnetics 2024; 45:16-29. [PMID: 37807247 DOI: 10.1002/bem.22484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Investigation of Escherichia coli under electromagnetic fields is of significance in human studies owing to its short doubling time and human-like DNA mechanisms. The present review aims to systematically evaluate the literature to conclude causality between 0 and 300 GHz electromagnetic fields and biological effects in E. coli. To that end, the OHAT methodology and risk of bias tool were employed. Exponentially growing cells exposed for over 30 min at temperatures up to3 7 ∘ C $3{7}^{\circ }\,{\rm{C}}$ with fluctuations below1 ∘ C ${1}^{\circ }\,{\rm{C}}$ were included from the Web-of-Knowledge, PubMed, or EMF-Portal databases. Out of 904 records identified, 25 articles satisfied the selection criteria, with four excluded during internal validation. These articles examined cell growth (11 studies), morphology (three studies), and gene regulation (11 studies). Most experiments (85%) in the included studies focused on the extremely low-frequency (ELF) range, with 60% specifically at 50 Hz. Changes in growth rate were observed in 74% of ELF experiments and 71% of radio frequency (RF) experiments. Additionally, 80% of ELF experiments showed morphology changes, while gene expression changes were seen in 33% (ELF) and 50% (RF) experiments. Due to the limited number of studies, especially in the intermediate frequency and RF ranges, establishing correlations between EMF exposure and biological effects on E. coli is not possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadijeh Askaripour
- Department of Biomechatronics, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk, Pomorskie, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Żak
- Department of Biomechatronics, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk, Pomorskie, Poland
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Makinistian L, Marková E, Belyaev I. A high throughput screening system of coils for ELF magnetic fields experiments: proof of concept on the proliferation of cancer cell lines. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:188. [PMID: 30819144 PMCID: PMC6396543 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5376-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It has been demonstrated that relatively small variations of the parameters of exposure to extremely low frequency magnetic fields (ELF-MF) can change significantly the outcome of experiments. Hence, either in trying to elucidate if these fields are carcinogenic, or in exploring their possible therapeutic use, it is desirable to screen through as many different exposures as possible. The purpose of this work is to provide a proof of concept of how a recently reported system of coils allows testing different field exposures, in a single experiment. Methods Using a novel exposure system, we subjected a glioblastoma cancer cell line (U251) to three different time modulations of an ELF-MF at 60 different combinations of the alternated current (AC) and direct current (DC) components of the field. One of those three time modulations was also tested on another cell line, MDA-MB-231 (breast cancer). After exposure, proliferation was assessed by colorimetric assays. Results For the U251 cells, a total of 180 different exposures were tested in three different experiments. Depending on exposure modulation and AC field intensity (but, remarkably, not on DC intensity), we found the three possible outcomes: increase (14.3% above control, p < 0.01), decrease (16.6% below control, p < 0.001), and also no-effect on proliferation with respect to control. Only the time modulation that inhibited proliferation of U251 was also tested on MDA-MB-231 cells which, in contrast, showed no alteration of their proliferation on any of the 60 AC/DC field combinations tested. Conclusions We demonstrated, for the first time, the use of a novel system of coils for magnetobiology research, which allowed us to find that differences of only a few μT resulted in statistically different results. Not only does our study demonstrate the relevance of the time modulation and the importance of finely sweeping through the AC and DC amplitudes, but also, and most importantly, provides a proof of concept of a system that sensibly reduces the time and costs of screening. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-019-5376-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Makinistian
- Department of Radiobiology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 05, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Department of Physics and Instituto de Física Aplicada (INFAP), Universidad Nacional de San Luis-CONICET, Ejército de los Andes 950, CP5700, San Luis, Argentina
| | - Eva Marková
- Department of Radiobiology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 05, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Igor Belyaev
- Department of Radiobiology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 05, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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Makinistian L, Muehsam DJ, Bersani F, Belyaev I. Some recommendations for experimental work in magnetobiology, revisited. Bioelectromagnetics 2018; 39:556-564. [DOI: 10.1002/bem.22144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Makinistian
- Department of Physics and Instituto de Física Aplicada (INFAP); Universidad Nacional de San Luis-CONICET; San Luis Argentina
- Department of Radiobiology; Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center; Slovak Academy of Science; Bratislava Slovakia
| | - David J. Muehsam
- National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems; Bologna Italy
| | - Ferdinando Bersani
- National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems; Bologna Italy
- DIFA Department of Physics and Astronomy; University of Bologna; Bologna Italy
| | - Igor Belyaev
- Department of Radiobiology; Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center; Slovak Academy of Science; Bratislava Slovakia
- Laboratory of Radiobiology; Prokhorov General Physics Institute; Russian Academy of Science; Moscow Russia
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Terpugov EL, Degtyareva OV, Fesenko EE. Microwave-Induced Structural Changes in Bacteriorhodopsin: Studies by Optical and Fourier Transform Infrared Difference Spectroscopy. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350918050226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Mhamdi L, Mhamdi N, Mhamdi N, Lejeune P, Jaffrezic N, Burais N, Scorretti R, Pokorny J, Ponsonnet L. Effect of a static magnetic field on Escherichia coli adhesion and orientation. Can J Microbiol 2016; 62:944-952. [PMID: 27590823 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2015-0839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This preliminary study focused on the effect of exposure to 0.5 T static magnetic fields on Escherichia coli adhesion and orientation. We investigated the difference in bacterial adhesion on the surface of glass and indium tin oxide-coated glass when exposed to a magnetic field either perpendicular or parallel to the adhesion surface (vectors of magnetic induction are perpendicular or parallel to the adhesion surface, respectively). Control cultures were simultaneously grown under identical conditions but without exposure to the magnetic field. We observed a decrease in cell adhesion after exposure to the magnetic field. Orientation of bacteria cells was affected after exposure to a parallel magnetic field. On the other hand, no effect on the orientation of bacteria cells was observed after exposure to a perpendicular magnetic field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotfi Mhamdi
- a Institut de Biotechnologie de Monastir, B.P. 74, Avenue Tahar Haddad, 5000 Monastir, Tunisie
| | - Nejib Mhamdi
- b Ecole polytechnique de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Philippe Lejeune
- d Unité de Microbiologie et Génétique, UMR CNRS 5122, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Nicole Jaffrezic
- e Laboratoire Ampère, Université Lyon 1, 69622 Villeurbanne CEDEX, Lyon, France
| | - Nöel Burais
- e Laboratoire Ampère, Université Lyon 1, 69622 Villeurbanne CEDEX, Lyon, France
| | - Riccardo Scorretti
- e Laboratoire Ampère, Université Lyon 1, 69622 Villeurbanne CEDEX, Lyon, France
| | - Jiry Pokorny
- f Institute of Photonics and Electronics, Academy of Sciences of Czech Republic, Chaberska 57, 18251 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Laurence Ponsonnet
- g Laboratoire des Polymères, Biopolymères et Membranes, UMR CNRS, 6522, Rouen, France
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Oncul S, Cuce EM, Aksu B, Inhan Garip A. Effect of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields on bacterial membrane. Int J Radiat Biol 2015; 92:42-9. [PMID: 26514970 DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2015.1101500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The effect of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF) on bacteria has attracted attention due to its potential for beneficial uses. This research aimed to determine the effect of ELF-EMF on bacterial membrane namely the membrane potential, surface potential, hydrophobicity, respiratory activity and growth. MATERIALS AND METHODS Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative Escherichia coli were subjected to ELF-EMF, 50 Hz, 1 mT for 2 h. Membrane potential was determined by fluorescence spectroscopy with or without EDTA (Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) with DisC3(5) (3,3-dipropylthiacarbocyanine iodide), zeta potential measurements were performed by electrophoretic mobility, hydrophobicity of the membrane was measured with MATH (Microbial Adhesion to Hydrocarbons) test, respiratory activity was determined with CTC (5-Cyano-2,3-ditolyl tetrazolium chloride), colony forming unit (CFU) and DAPI (4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole, dihydrochloride) was used for growth determinations. RESULTS ELF-EMF caused changes in physicochemical properties of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Hyperpolarization was seen in S. aureus and EDTA-treated E. coli. Surface potential showed a positive shift in S. aureus contrariwise to the negative shift seen in EDTA-untreated E. coli. Respiratory activity increased in both bacteria. A slight decrease in growth was observed. CONCLUSION These results show that ELF-EMF affects the crucial physicochemical processes in both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria which need further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sule Oncul
- a Biophysics Department , School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Medeniyet University , Istanbul
| | - Esra M Cuce
- b Department of Biophysics , Marmara University School of Medicine , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Burak Aksu
- c Department of Microbiology , Marmara University School of Medicine , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Ayse Inhan Garip
- b Department of Biophysics , Marmara University School of Medicine , Istanbul , Turkey
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Tessaro LWE, Murugan NJ, Persinger MA. Bacterial growth rates are influenced by cellular characteristics of individual species when immersed in electromagnetic fields. Microbiol Res 2015; 172:26-33. [PMID: 25721476 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2014.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that exposure to extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMFs) have negative effects on the rate of growth of bacteria. In the present study, two Gram-positive and two Gram-negative species were exposed to six magnetic field conditions in broth cultures. Three variations of the 'Thomas' pulsed frequency-modulated pattern; a strong-static "puck" magnet upwards of 5000G in intensity; a pair of these magnets rotating opposite one another at ∼30rpm; and finally a strong dynamic magnetic field generator termed the 'Resonator' with an average intensity of 250μT were used. Growth rate was discerned by optical density (OD) measurements every hour at 600nm. ELF-EMF conditions significantly affected the rates of growth of the bacterial cultures, while the two static magnetic field conditions were not statistically significant. Most interestingly, the 'Resonator' dynamic magnetic field increased the rates of growth of three species (Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli), while slowing the growth of one (Serratia marcescens). We suggest that these effects are due to individual biophysical characteristics of the bacterial species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas W E Tessaro
- Behavioural Neuroscience Program, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada P3E 2C6; Department of Biology, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada P3E 2C6.
| | - Nirosha J Murugan
- Behavioural Neuroscience Program, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada P3E 2C6; Department of Biology, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada P3E 2C6
| | - Michael A Persinger
- Behavioural Neuroscience Program, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada P3E 2C6; Department of Biology, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada P3E 2C6.
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Vale P. Modeling the occurrence of shellfish poisoning outbreaks caused by Gymnodinium catenatum (Dinophyceae) through electromagnetic signal triggering. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350914030257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Esmekaya MA, Acar SI, Kıran F, Canseven AG, Osmanagaoglu O, Seyhan N. Effects of ELF magnetic field in combination with Iron(III) chloride (FeCl3) on cellular growth and surface morphology of Escherichia coli (E. coli). Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2013; 169:2341-9. [PMID: 23446980 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-013-0146-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2012] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of extremely low frequency (ELF) magnetic field with/without iron(III) chloride (FeCl3) on bacterial growth and morphology. The ELF exposures were carried out using a pair of Helmholtz coil-based ELF exposure system which was designed to generate 50 Hz sinusoidal magnetic field. The field was approximately uniform throughout the axis of the coil pair. The samples which were treated or non-treated with different concentrations FeCl3 were exposed to 50 Hz, 2 millitesla (mT) magnetic field for 24 h. ELF effect on viability was assessed in terms of viable colony counts (in colony-forming unit per milliliter) with the standard plate count technique. Scanning electron microscopy was used to investigate the magnetic field effect on surface morphology of Escherichia coli. No significant results were seen in terms of cell viability between ELF and sham-exposed bacterial strains. Similarly, FeCl3 treatment did not change cell viability of E. coli samples. However, we observed some morphological changes on E. coli cell surfaces. Pore formations and membrane destruction were seen on the surface of 24 h ELF field-exposed cells. We concluded that ELF magnetic field exposure at 2 mT does not affect cell viability; however, it may affect bacterial surface morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meric A Esmekaya
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine & Gazi Non-ionizing Radiation Protection (GNRP) Center, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.
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Marková E, Torudd J, Belyaev I. Long time persistence of residual 53BP1/γ-H2AX foci in human lymphocytes in relationship to apoptosis, chromatin condensation and biological dosimetry. Int J Radiat Biol 2011; 87:736-45. [DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2011.577504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Giorgi G, Marcantonio P, Bersani F, Gavoçi E, Del Re B. Effect of extremely low frequency magnetic field exposure on DNA transposition in relation to frequency, wave shape and exposure time. Int J Radiat Biol 2011; 87:601-8. [PMID: 21504343 DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2011.570855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the effect of extremely low frequency magnetic field (ELF-MF) exposure on transposon (Tn) mobility in relation to the exposure time, the frequency and the wave shape of the field applied. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two Escherichia coli model systems were used: (1) Cells unable to express β-galactosidase (LacZ(-)), containing a mini-transposon Tn10 element able to give ability to express β-galactosidase (LacZ(+)) upon its transposition; therefore in these cells transposition activity can be evaluated by analysing LacZ(+) clones; (2) cells carrying Fertility plasmid (F(+)), and a Tn5 element located on the chromosome; therefore in these cells transposition activity can be estimated by a bacterial conjugation assay. Cells were exposed to sinusoidal (SiMF) or pulsed-square wave (PMF) magnetic fields of various frequencies (20, 50, 75 Hz) and for different exposure times (15 and 90 min). RESULTS Both mini-Tn10 and Tn5 transposition decreased under SiMF and increased under PMF, as compared to sham exposure control. No significant difference was found between frequencies and between exposure times. CONCLUSIONS ELF-MF exposure affects transposition activity and the effects critically depend on the wave shape of the field, but not on the frequency and the exposure time, at least in the range observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianfranco Giorgi
- Department of Evolutionary Experimental Biology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Effects of static magnetic fields on Escherichia coli. Micron 2009; 40:894-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2009.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2009] [Revised: 05/25/2009] [Accepted: 05/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Hunt RW, Zavalin A, Bhatnagar A, Chinnasamy S, Das KC. Electromagnetic biostimulation of living cultures for biotechnology, biofuel and bioenergy applications. Int J Mol Sci 2009; 10:4515-4558. [PMID: 20057958 PMCID: PMC2790121 DOI: 10.3390/ijms10104515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2009] [Revised: 09/17/2009] [Accepted: 10/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The surge of interest in bioenergy has been marked with increasing efforts in research and development to identify new sources of biomass and to incorporate cutting-edge biotechnology to improve efficiency and increase yields. It is evident that various microorganisms will play an integral role in the development of this newly emerging industry, such as yeast for ethanol and Escherichia coli for fine chemical fermentation. However, it appears that microalgae have become the most promising prospect for biomass production due to their ability to grow fast, produce large quantities of lipids, carbohydrates and proteins, thrive in poor quality waters, sequester and recycle carbon dioxide from industrial flue gases and remove pollutants from industrial, agricultural and municipal wastewaters. In an attempt to better understand and manipulate microorganisms for optimum production capacity, many researchers have investigated alternative methods for stimulating their growth and metabolic behavior. One such novel approach is the use of electromagnetic fields for the stimulation of growth and metabolic cascades and controlling biochemical pathways. An effort has been made in this review to consolidate the information on the current status of biostimulation research to enhance microbial growth and metabolism using electromagnetic fields. It summarizes information on the biostimulatory effects on growth and other biological processes to obtain insight regarding factors and dosages that lead to the stimulation and also what kind of processes have been reportedly affected. Diverse mechanistic theories and explanations for biological effects of electromagnetic fields on intra and extracellular environment have been discussed. The foundations of biophysical interactions such as bioelectromagnetic and biophotonic communication and organization within living systems are expounded with special consideration for spatiotemporal aspects of electromagnetic topology, leading to the potential of multipolar electromagnetic systems. The future direction for the use of biostimulation using bioelectromagnetic, biophotonic and electrochemical methods have been proposed for biotechnology industries in general with emphasis on an holistic biofuel system encompassing production of algal biomass, its processing and conversion to biofuel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan W. Hunt
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; E-Mails:
(A.B.);
(S.C.);
(K.C.D.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail:
(R.W.H.); Tel.: +1-706-227-7147; Fax: +1-706-542-8806
| | - Andrey Zavalin
- Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; E-Mail:
(A.Z.)
| | - Ashish Bhatnagar
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; E-Mails:
(A.B.);
(S.C.);
(K.C.D.)
| | - Senthil Chinnasamy
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; E-Mails:
(A.B.);
(S.C.);
(K.C.D.)
| | - Keshav C. Das
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; E-Mails:
(A.B.);
(S.C.);
(K.C.D.)
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Belyaev I. Nonthermal Biological Effects of Microwaves: Current Knowledge, Further Perspective, and Urgent Needs. Electromagn Biol Med 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/15368370500381844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Belyaev IY, Markovà E, Hillert L, Malmgren LO, Persson BR. Microwaves from UMTS/GSM mobile phones induce long-lasting inhibition of 53BP1/γ-H2AX DNA repair foci in human lymphocytes. Bioelectromagnetics 2009; 30:129-41. [DOI: 10.1002/bem.20445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Aly AA, Cheema MI, Tambawala M, Laterza R, Zhou E, Rathnabharathi K, Barnes FS. Effects of 900-MHz Radio Frequencies on the Chemotaxis of Human Neutrophils in Vitro. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2008; 55:795-7. [DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2007.912636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Abstract
AbstractThe ability to respond to magnetic fields is ubiquitous among the five kingdoms of organisms. Apart from the mechanisms that are at work in bacterial magnetotaxis, none of the innumerable magnetobiological effects are as yet completely understood in terms of their underlying physical principles. Physical theories on magnetoreception, which draw on classical electrodynamics as well as on quantum electrodynamics, have greatly advanced during the past twenty years, and provide a basis for biological experimentation. This review places major emphasis on theories, and magnetobiological effects that occur in response to weak and moderate magnetic fields, and that are not related to magnetotaxis and magnetosomes. While knowledge relating to bacterial magnetotaxis has advanced considerably during the past 27 years, the biology of other magnetic effects has remained largely on a phenomenological level, a fact that is partly due to a lack of model organisms and model responses; and in great part also to the circumstance that the biological community at large takes little notice of the field, and in particular of the available physical theories. We review the known magnetobiological effects for bacteria, protists and fungi, and try to show how the variegated empirical material could be approached in the framework of the available physical models.
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Abstract
Light emitted from a wide variety of microorganisms was considered previously as a waste product. However, it is becoming apparent that it might be involved in microbial communication. This paper presents information on such a novel mode of communication in different microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim V Trushin
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Lobachevskiy str. 2/31, P.O. Box 30, Kazan 420111, Russia.
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Shcheglov VS, Alipov ED, Belyaev IY. Cell-to-cell communication in response of E. coli cells at different phases of growth to low-intensity microwaves. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2002; 1572:101-6. [PMID: 12204338 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-4165(02)00283-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Effects of millimeter waves (MMW) at the frequency of 51.755 GHz were studied in logarithmic and stationary E. coli cells at various cell densities. The changes in the genome conformational state (GCS) were analyzed by the method of anomalous viscosity time dependence (AVTD). Before lysis, the cells were adjusted to the cell density of 4x10(7) cells/ml and all AVTD measurements were run at this cell density. Stationary cells responded to MMW by increase in AVTD, while the same MMW exposure decreased AVTD in logarithmic cells. MMW effects depended on cell density during exposure and were stronger for stationary cells. The observed dependence on cell density suggested a cell-to-cell communication between cells during exposure to microwaves. Decrease in power density (PD) resulted in more striking differences between responses at different cell densities. The data provided evidence that intercellular communication in response to MMW depended on cell status and PD of microwaves. The MMW effects were studied in more detail at low intensity of 10(-17) W/cm(2) in the range of cell densities 4x10(7) to 8x10(8) cells/ml. The obtained sigmoid-like dependence of MMW effect on cell density saturated at approximately 5x10(8) cells/ml. The dependence of MMW effect on cell density was very similar in this study and in previous studies with weak extremely low frequency (ELF) electromagnetic fields (EMF). The data suggested that cell-to-cell communication might be involved in response of cells to weak EMF of various frequency ranges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor S Shcheglov
- Department of Biophysics, Radiation Physics and Ecology, Moscow Engineering Physics Institute, Russia
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Binhi VN, Alipov YD, Belyaev IY. Effect of static magnetic field on E. coli cells and individual rotations of ion-protein complexes. Bioelectromagnetics 2001; 22:79-86. [PMID: 11180252 DOI: 10.1002/1521-186x(200102)22:2<79::aid-bem1009>3.0.co;2-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The effect of week static magnetic fields on Escherichia coli K12 AB1157 cells was studied by the method of anomalous viscosity time dependencies (AVTD). The AVTD changes were found when E. coli cells were exposed to static fields within the range from 0 to 110 microT. The dependence of the effect on the magnetic flux density had several extrema. These results were compared with theoretical predictions of the ion interference mechanism. This mechanism links the dissociation probability of ion--protein complexes to parameters of magnetic fields. The mechanism was extended to the case of rotating complexes. Calculations were made for several ions of biological relevance. The results of simulations for Ca(2+), Mg(2+), and Zn(2+) showed a remarkable consistency with experimental data. An important condition for this consistency was that all complexes rotate with the same speed approximately 18 revolutions per second (rps). This suggests that the rotation of the same carrier for all ion--protein complexes may be involved in the mechanism of response to the magnetic field. We believe that this carrier is DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- V N Binhi
- General Physics Institute Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
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Binhi V, Alipov YD, Belyaev IY. Effect of static magnetic field onE. coli cells and individual rotations of ion-protein complexes. Bioelectromagnetics 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-186x(200102)22:2%3c79::aid-bem1009%3e3.0.co;2-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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