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Tyagi A, Yadav N, Khan J, Mondal S, Hazra CK. Brønsted Acid-Catalysed Epoxide Ring-Opening Using Amine Nucleophiles: A facile access to β-amino alcohols. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200379. [PMID: 35485456 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A mild, efficient, and metal-free synthetic protocol for the synthesis of β-amino alcohols is reported. The reaction proceeds at room temperature with only 0.5 mol% catalyst loading and affords β-amino alcohol derivatives in excellent yield. This protocol is well-tolerated by a wide range of styrene oxide and aniline derivatives. A notably efficacious gram-scale synthesis is also reported with a high TON = 842. Further, the Hammett correlation study was also performed to identify the rate-determining step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Tyagi
- Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Chemistry, INDIA
| | - Naveen Yadav
- Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Chemistry, INDIA
| | - Jabir Khan
- Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Chemistry, INDIA
| | | | - Chinmoy Kumar Hazra
- Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Chemistry, Indraprashth aparment number 1, room number 30, Hauzkhas, New delhi, 110016, NEW DELHI, INDIA
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2
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Hönig M, Sondermann P, Turner NJ, Carreira EM. Enantioselective Chemo- and Biocatalysis: Partners in Retrosynthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:8942-8973. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201612462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Hönig
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie; Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Philipp Sondermann
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie; Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Nicholas J. Turner
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology & School of Chemistry; University of Manchester; 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN UK
| | - Erick M. Carreira
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie; Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3 8093 Zürich Switzerland
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3
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Hönig M, Sondermann P, Turner NJ, Carreira EM. Enantioselektive Chemo- und Biokatalyse: Partner in der Retrosynthese. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201612462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Hönig
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie; Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3 8093 Zürich Schweiz
| | - Philipp Sondermann
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie; Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3 8093 Zürich Schweiz
| | - Nicholas J. Turner
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology & School of Chemistry; University of Manchester; 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN UK
| | - Erick M. Carreira
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie; Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3 8093 Zürich Schweiz
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4
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Mitchell ML, Xu L, Newby ZE, Desai MC. Synthesis of novel HIV-1 protease inhibitors via diastereoselective Henry reaction with nitrocyclopropane. Tetrahedron Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2017.01.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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5
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Tamura M, Tamura R, Takeda Y, Nakagawa Y, Tomishige K. Insight into the Mechanism of Hydrogenation of Amino Acids to Amino Alcohols Catalyzed by a Heterogeneous MoOx-Modified Rh Catalyst. Chemistry 2014; 21:3097-107. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201405769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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6
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Arunachalam R, Aswathi CS, Das A, Kureshy RI, Subramanian PS. Diastereoselective Nitroaldol Reaction Catalyzed by Binuclear Copper(II) Complexes in Aqueous Medium. Chempluschem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201402200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajendran Arunachalam
- Discipline of Inorganic Materials and Catalysis, Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR‐CSMCRI), Bhavnagar, Gujarat 364 002 (India), Fax: (+91) 0278‐2566970
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR‐CSMCRI, Bhavnagar, Gujarat 364002 (India)
| | - Chirayil S. Aswathi
- Discipline of Inorganic Materials and Catalysis, Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR‐CSMCRI), Bhavnagar, Gujarat 364 002 (India), Fax: (+91) 0278‐2566970
| | - Anjan Das
- Discipline of Inorganic Materials and Catalysis, Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR‐CSMCRI), Bhavnagar, Gujarat 364 002 (India), Fax: (+91) 0278‐2566970
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR‐CSMCRI, Bhavnagar, Gujarat 364002 (India)
| | - Rukhsana I. Kureshy
- Discipline of Inorganic Materials and Catalysis, Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR‐CSMCRI), Bhavnagar, Gujarat 364 002 (India), Fax: (+91) 0278‐2566970
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR‐CSMCRI, Bhavnagar, Gujarat 364002 (India)
| | - Palani S. Subramanian
- Discipline of Inorganic Materials and Catalysis, Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR‐CSMCRI), Bhavnagar, Gujarat 364 002 (India), Fax: (+91) 0278‐2566970
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR‐CSMCRI, Bhavnagar, Gujarat 364002 (India)
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7
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Das A, Choudhary MK, Kureshy RI, Roy T, Khan NUH, Abdi SHR, Bajaj HC. Enantioselective Henry and Aza-Henry Reaction in the Synthesis of (R)-Tembamide Using Efficient, Recyclable Polymeric CuIIComplexes as Catalyst. Chempluschem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201402078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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8
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More GV, Bhanage BM. Asymmetric Ring Opening ofmeso-Epoxides with Aromatic Amines Using (R)-(+)-BINOL-Sc(OTf)3-NMM Complex as an Efficient Catalyst. European J Org Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201300818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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9
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Wu S, Pan D, Cao C, Wang Q, Chen FX. Diastereoselective and Enantioselective Epoxidation of Acyclic β-Trifluoromethyl-β,β-Disubstituted Enones by Hydrogen Peroxide with a Pentafluorinated Quinidine-Derived Phase-Transfer Catalyst. Adv Synth Catal 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201300249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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10
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Kawai H, Yuan Z, Kitayama T, Tokunaga E, Shibata N. Efficient Access to Trifluoromethyl Diarylpyrrolines and their N-Oxides through Enantioselective Conjugate Addition of Nitromethane to β,β-Disubstituted Enones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201301123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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11
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Kawai H, Yuan Z, Kitayama T, Tokunaga E, Shibata N. Efficient Access to Trifluoromethyl Diarylpyrrolines and their N-Oxides through Enantioselective Conjugate Addition of Nitromethane to β,β-Disubstituted Enones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:5575-9. [PMID: 23606581 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201301123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Revised: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Kawai
- Department of Frontier Materials, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
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12
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Kopylovich MN, Mizar A, Guedes da Silva MFC, Mac Leod TCO, Mahmudov KT, Pombeiro AJL. Template Syntheses of Copper(II) Complexes from Arylhydrazones of Malononitrile and their Catalytic Activity towards Alcohol Oxidations and the Nitroaldol Reaction: Hydrogen Bond-Assisted Ligand Liberation andE/ZIsomerisation. Chemistry 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201203254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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13
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Venkatasubbaiah K, Feng Y, Arrowood T, Nickias P, Jones CW. Soluble and Supported Molecular CoIIICatalysts for the Regioselective Ring-Opening of 1,2-Epoxyhexane with Methanol. ChemCatChem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201200494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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14
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Boobalan R, Lee G, Chen C. Copper Complex of Aminoisoborneol Schiff Base Cu
2
(SBAIB‐d)
2
: An Efficient Catalyst for Direct Catalytic Asymmetric Nitroaldol (Henry) Reaction. Adv Synth Catal 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201200337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ramalingam Boobalan
- Department of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, Soufeng, Hualien 974, Taiwan, Republic of China, Fax: (+886)‐3‐836‐0475
| | - Gene‐Hsian Lee
- Instrumentation Center, College of Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chinpiao Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, Soufeng, Hualien 974, Taiwan, Republic of China, Fax: (+886)‐3‐836‐0475
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15
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Chiral enhancement in the confined space of zeolites for the asymmetric synthesis of β-hydroxy nitroalkanes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2010.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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16
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Matoba K, Kawai H, Furukawa T, Kusuda A, Tokunaga E, Nakamura S, Shiro M, Shibata N. Enantioselective Synthesis of Trifluoromethyl-Substituted 2-Isoxazolines: Asymmetric Hydroxylamine/Enone Cascade Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 49:5762-6. [PMID: 20818759 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201002065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazutaka Matoba
- Department of Frontier Materials, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
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17
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Matoba K, Kawai H, Furukawa T, Kusuda A, Tokunaga E, Nakamura S, Shiro M, Shibata N. Enantioselective Synthesis of Trifluoromethyl-Substituted 2-Isoxazolines: Asymmetric Hydroxylamine/Enone Cascade Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201002065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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18
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Jin W, Li X, Huang Y, Wu F, Wan B. A Highly Effective Bis(sulfonamide)-Diamine Ligand: A Unique Chiral Skeleton for the Enantioselective Cu-Catalyzed Henry Reaction. Chemistry 2010; 16:8259-61. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201000964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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19
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Bähn S, Tillack A, Imm S, Mevius K, Michalik D, Hollmann D, Neubert L, Beller M. Ruthenium-catalyzed selective monoamination of vicinal diols. CHEMSUSCHEM 2009; 2:551-557. [PMID: 19396884 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.200900034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The monoamination of vicinal diols in the presence of in situ generated ruthenium catalysts has been investigated. Among the various phosphines tested in combination with [Ru(3)(CO)(12)], N-phenyl-2-(dicyclohexyl-phosphanyl)pyrrole showed the best performance. After optimization of the reaction conditions this system was applied to different secondary amines and anilines as well as a number of vicinal diols. With the exception of ethylene glycol, monoamination of the vicinal diols occurred selectively and the corresponding amino alcohols were obtained in good yields, producing water as the only side product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Bähn
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e. V. an der Universität Rostock, Germany
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20
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Blay G, Domingo L, Hernández-Olmos V, Pedro J. New Highly Asymmetric Henry Reaction Catalyzed by CuII and aC1-Symmetric Aminopyridine Ligand, and Its Application to the Synthesis of Miconazole. Chemistry 2008; 14:4725-30. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200800069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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21
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Sohtome Y, Takemura N, Takada K, Takagi R, Iguchi T, Nagasawa K. Organocatalytic Asymmetric Nitroaldol Reaction: Cooperative Effects of Guanidine and Thiourea Functional Groups. Chem Asian J 2007; 2:1150-60. [PMID: 17638377 DOI: 10.1002/asia.200700145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Catalytic enantio- and diastereoselective nitroaldol reactions were explored by using designed guanidine-thiourea bifunctional organocatalysts under mild and operationally simple biphasic conditions. These catalytic asymmetric reactions have a broad substrate generality with respect to the variety of aldehydes and nitroalkanes. Based on this catalytic nitroaldol process, straightforward syntheses of cytoxazone and 4-epi-cytoxazone were achieved. These catalytic nitroaldol reactions require KI as an additive for highly asymmetric induction; it operates by inhibiting the retro mode of the reaction. On the basis of studies of structure and catalytic-activity relationships, a plausible guanidine-thiourea cooperative mechanism and a transition state of the catalytic reactions are proposed. Drastic substituent effects on the catalytic properties of this catalyst may lead to the development of new chiral surfactants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Sohtome
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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22
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Fini F, Sgarzani V, Pettersen D, Herrera RP, Bernardi L, Ricci A. Phase-Transfer-Catalyzed Asymmetric Aza-Henry Reaction UsingN-Carbamoyl Imines Generated In Situ from α-Amido Sulfones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200502646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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23
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Fini F, Sgarzani V, Pettersen D, Herrera RP, Bernardi L, Ricci A. Phase-Transfer-Catalyzed Asymmetric Aza-Henry Reaction UsingN-Carbamoyl Imines Generated In Situ from α-Amido Sulfones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005; 44:7975-8. [PMID: 16287160 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200502646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Fini
- Dipartimento di Chimica Organica A. Mangini, Università di Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, 40136, Bologna, Italy
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Palomo C, Oiarbide M, Mielgo A. Unveiling Reliable Catalysts for the Asymmetric Nitroaldol (Henry) Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2004; 43:5442-4. [PMID: 15455452 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200460506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Palomo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Química, Universidad del País Vasco, Apdo. 1072, 20080 San Sebastián, Spain.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Martin R. Hoffmann
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Hannover, Schneiderberg 1B, 30167 Hannover, Germany, Fax: (internat.) +49‐(0)511‐762‐3011
| | - Jens Frackenpohl
- Bayer CropScience GmbH, Gebäude G 836, Industriepark Höchst, 65926 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Palomo C, Oiarbide M, Mielgo A. Verbesserte Katalysatoren für die asymmetrische Nitroaldol-Reaktion (Henry-Reaktion). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200460506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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27
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Misumi Y, Matsumoto K. Diastereoselective asymmetric nitro-aldol reaction of alpha-amino aldehydes under high pressure without catalyst. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2002; 41:1031-3. [PMID: 12491303 DOI: 10.1002/1521-3773(20020315)41:6<1031::aid-anie1031>3.0.co;2-k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yukihiro Misumi
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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28
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Misumi Y, Matsumoto K. Diastereoselective Asymmetric Nitro-Aldol Reaction ofα-Amino Aldehydes under High Pressure without Catalyst. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-3757(20020315)114:6<1073::aid-ange1073>3.0.co;2-j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Abstract
The last few years have witnessed a spectacular advancement in new catalytic methods based on metal-free organic molecules. In many cases, these small compounds give rise to extremely high enantioselectivities. Preparative advantages are notable: usually the reactions can be performed under an aerobic atmosphere with wet solvents. The catalysts are inexpensive and they are often more stable than enzymes or other bioorganic catalysts. Also, these small organic molecules can be anchored to a solid support and reused more conveniently than organometallic/bioorganic analogues, and show promising adaptability to high-throughput screening and process chemistry. Herein we focus on four different domains in which organocatalysis has made major advances: 1) The activation of the reaction based on the nucleophilic/electrophilic properties of the catalysts. This type of catalysis has much in common with conventional Lewis acid/base activation by metal complexes. 2) Transformations in which the organic catalyst forms a reactive intermediate: the chiral catalyst is consumed in the reaction and requires regeneration in a parallel catalytic cycle. 3) Phase-transfer reactions: The chiral catalyst forms a host-guest complex with the substrate and shuttles between the standard organic solvent and the second phase (i.e. a solid, aqueous, or fluorous phase in which the organic transformation takes place). 4) Molecular-cavity-accelerated asymmetric transformations: the catalyst can select between competing substrates, depending on size and structure criteria. The rate acceleration of a given reaction is similar to the Lewis acid/base activation and is the consequence of the simultaneous action of different polar functions. Herein it is shown that organocatalysis complements rather than competes with current methods. It offers something conceptually novel and opens new horizons in synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter I. Dalko
- Laboratoire de Recherches Organiques associé au CNRS, ESCPI 10 rue Vauquelin, 75231 Paris Cedex 05 (France)
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Braje W, Holzgrefe J, Wartchow R, Hoffmann H. Struktur und Mechanismus in der Cinchonaalkaloid-Chemie: Die wässrige Hydrolyse erfolgt unter vollständiger Inversion der Konfiguration – oder aber vollständiger Retention. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-3757(20000616)112:12<2165::aid-ange2165>3.0.co;2-j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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