1
|
Jarosz T, Ledwon P. Electrochemically Produced Copolymers of Pyrrole and Its Derivatives: A Plentitude of Material Properties Using "Simple" Heterocyclic Co-Monomers. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:E281. [PMID: 33430477 PMCID: PMC7826606 DOI: 10.3390/ma14020281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Polypyrrole is a classical, well-known conjugated polymer that is produced from a simple heterocyclic system. Numerous pyrrole derivatives exhibit biological activity, and the repeat unit is a common building block present in the chemical structure of many polymeric materials, finding wide application, primarily in optoelectronics and sensing. In this work, we focus on the variety of copolymers and their material properties that can be produced electrochemically, even though all these systems are obtained from mixtures of the "simple" pyrrole monomer and its derivatives with different conjugated and non-conjugated species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Przemyslaw Ledwon
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, 9 Strzody Street, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland;
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Guarino V, Zuppolini S, Borriello A, Ambrosio L. Electro-Active Polymers (EAPs): A Promising Route to Design Bio-Organic/Bioinspired Platforms with on Demand Functionalities. Polymers (Basel) 2016; 8:E185. [PMID: 30979278 PMCID: PMC6432240 DOI: 10.3390/polym8050185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Through recent discoveries and new knowledge among correlations between molecular biology and materials science, it is a growing interest to design new biomaterials able to interact-i.e., to influence, to guide or to detect-with cells and their surrounding microenvironments, in order to better control biological phenomena. In this context, electro-active polymers (EAPs) are showing great promise as biomaterials acting as an interface between electronics and biology. This is ascribable to the highly tunability of chemical/physical properties which confer them different conductive properties for various applicative uses (i.e., molecular targeting, biosensors, biocompatible scaffolds). This review article is divided into three parts: the first one is an overview on EAPs to introduce basic conductivity mechanisms and their classification. The second one is focused on the description of most common processes used to manipulate EAPs in the form of two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) materials. The last part addresses their use in current applications in different biomedical research areas including tissue engineering, biosensors and molecular delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Guarino
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, Department of Chemical Sciences and Materials Technologies, National Research Council of Italy, V.le Kennedy 54, 80125 Naples, Italy.
| | - Simona Zuppolini
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, Department of Chemical Sciences and Materials Technologies, National Research Council of Italy, V.le Kennedy 54, 80125 Naples, Italy.
| | - Anna Borriello
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, Department of Chemical Sciences and Materials Technologies, National Research Council of Italy, V.le Kennedy 54, 80125 Naples, Italy.
| | - Luigi Ambrosio
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, Department of Chemical Sciences and Materials Technologies, National Research Council of Italy, V.le Kennedy 54, 80125 Naples, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Aydemir N, Malmström J, Travas-Sejdic J. Conducting polymer based electrochemical biosensors. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:8264-77. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp06830d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Conducting polymer (CP)-based electrochemical biosensors have gained great attention as such biosensor platforms are easy and cost-effective to fabricate, and provide a direct electrical readout of the presence of biological analytes with high sensitivity and selectivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nihan Aydemir
- Polymer Electronics Research Centre
- School of Chemical Sciences
- University of Auckland
- New Zealand
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology
| | - Jenny Malmström
- Polymer Electronics Research Centre
- School of Chemical Sciences
- University of Auckland
- New Zealand
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology
| | - Jadranka Travas-Sejdic
- Polymer Electronics Research Centre
- School of Chemical Sciences
- University of Auckland
- New Zealand
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Rahman MM, Li XB, Lopa NS, Ahn SJ, Lee JJ. Electrochemical DNA hybridization sensors based on conducting polymers. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2015; 15:3801-29. [PMID: 25664436 PMCID: PMC4367386 DOI: 10.3390/s150203801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Conducting polymers (CPs) are a group of polymeric materials that have attracted considerable attention because of their unique electronic, chemical, and biochemical properties. This is reflected in their use in a wide range of potential applications, including light-emitting diodes, anti-static coating, electrochromic materials, solar cells, chemical sensors, biosensors, and drug-release systems. Electrochemical DNA sensors based on CPs can be used in numerous areas related to human health. This review summarizes the recent progress made in the development and use of CP-based electrochemical DNA hybridization sensors. We discuss the distinct properties of CPs with respect to their use in the immobilization of probe DNA on electrode surfaces, and we describe the immobilization techniques used for developing DNA hybridization sensors together with the various transduction methods employed. In the concluding part of this review, we present some of the challenges faced in the use of CP-based DNA hybridization sensors, as well as a future perspective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Mahbubur Rahman
- Nanotechnology Research Center and Department of Applied Life Science, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, Korea.
| | - Xiao-Bo Li
- Nanotechnology Research Center and Department of Applied Life Science, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, Korea.
| | - Nasrin Siraj Lopa
- Nanotechnology Research Center and Department of Applied Life Science, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, Korea.
| | - Sang Jung Ahn
- Center for Advanced Instrumentation, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Daejeon 305-340, Korea.
| | - Jae-Joon Lee
- Nanotechnology Research Center and Department of Applied Life Science, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Della Pia EA, Holm JV, Lloret N, Le Bon C, Popot JL, Zoonens M, Nygård J, Martinez KL. A step closer to membrane protein multiplexed nanoarrays using biotin-doped polypyrrole. ACS NANO 2014; 8:1844-53. [PMID: 24476392 PMCID: PMC4004317 DOI: 10.1021/nn406252h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Whether for fundamental biological research or for diagnostic and drug discovery applications, protein micro- and nanoarrays are attractive technologies because of their low sample consumption, high-throughput, and multiplexing capabilities. However, the arraying platforms developed so far are still not able to handle membrane proteins, and specific methods to selectively immobilize these hydrophobic and fragile molecules are needed to understand their function and structural complexity. Here we integrate two technologies, electropolymerization and amphipols, to demonstrate the electrically addressable functionalization of micro- and nanosurfaces with membrane proteins. Gold surfaces are selectively modified by electrogeneration of a polymeric film in the presence of biotin, where avidin conjugates can then be selectively immobilized. The method is successfully applied to the preparation of protein-multiplexed arrays by sequential electropolymerization and biomolecular functionalization steps. The surface density of the proteins bound to the electrodes can be easily tuned by adjusting the amount of biotin deposited during electropolymerization. Amphipols are specially designed amphipathic polymers that provide a straightforward method to stabilize and add functionalities to membrane proteins. Exploiting the strong affinity of biotin for streptavidin, we anchor distinct membrane proteins onto different electrodes via a biotin-tagged amphipol. Antibody-recognition events demonstrate that the proteins are stably immobilized and that the electrodeposition of polypyrrole films bearing biotin units is compatible with the protein-binding activity. Since polypyrrole films show good conductivity properties, the platform described here is particularly well suited to prepare electronically transduced bionanosensors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Antonio Della Pia
- Bio-Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology & Nano-Science Center, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jeppe V. Holm
- Niels Bohr Institute, Center for Quantum Devices & Nano-Science Center, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Noemie Lloret
- Bio-Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology & Nano-Science Center, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christel Le Bon
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, UMR 7099, CNRS/Université Paris-7, 13 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Luc Popot
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, UMR 7099, CNRS/Université Paris-7, 13 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Manuela Zoonens
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, UMR 7099, CNRS/Université Paris-7, 13 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Jesper Nygård
- Niels Bohr Institute, Center for Quantum Devices & Nano-Science Center, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karen Laurence Martinez
- Bio-Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology & Nano-Science Center, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Holzinger M, Le Goff A, Cosnier S. Supramolecular immobilization of bio-entities for bioelectrochemical applications. NEW J CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4nj00755g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Supramolecular systems based on host-guest, electrostatic, or metal-ligand interaction and their use in bioelectrochemical applications are reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alan Le Goff
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes - CNRS
- DCM UMR 5250
- F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Serge Cosnier
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes - CNRS
- DCM UMR 5250
- F-38000 Grenoble, France
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Papper V, Gorgy K, Elouarzaki K, Sukharaharja A, Cosnier S, Marks RS. Biofunctionalization of multiwalled carbon nanotubes by irradiation of electropolymerized poly(pyrrole-diazirine) films. Chemistry 2013; 19:9639-43. [PMID: 23754669 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201300873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A photoactivatable poly(pyrrole-diazirine) film was synthesized and electropolymerized as a versatile tool for covalent binding of laccase and glucose oxidase on multiwalled carbon nanotube coatings and Pt, respectively. Irradiation of the functionalized nanotubes allowed photochemical grafting of laccase and its subsequent direct electrical wiring, as illustrated by the electrocatalytic reduction of oxygen. Moreover, covalent binding of glucose oxidase as model enzyme, achieved by UV activation of electropolymerized pyrrole-diazirine, allowed a glucose biosensor to be realized. This original method to graft biomolecules combines electrochemical and photochemical techniques. The simplicity of this new method allows it to be extended easily to other biological systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vladislav Papper
- NTU CREATE, Research Wing #02-06, Nanyang Technological University, 138602, Singapore
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Darmanin T, Bellanger H, Guittard F, Lisboa P, Zurn M, Colpo P, Gilliland D, Rossi F. Structured biotinylated poly(3,4-ethylenedioxypyrrole) electrodes for biochemical applications. RSC Adv 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c1ra00392e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
|
9
|
Kim SY, Kim KM, Hoffman-Kim D, Song HK, Palmore GTR. Quantitative control of neuron adhesion at a neural interface using a conducting polymer composite with low electrical impedance. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2011; 3:16-21. [PMID: 21142128 DOI: 10.1021/am1008369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Tailoring cell response on an electrode surface is essential in the application of neural interfaces. In this paper, a method of controlling neuron adhesion on the surface of an electrode was demonstrated using a conducting polymer composite as an electrode coating. The electrodeposited coating was functionalized further with biomolecules-of-interest (BOI), with their surface concentration controlled via repetition of carbodiimide chemistry. The result was an electrode surface that promoted localized adhesion of primary neurons, the density of which could be controlled quantitatively via changes in the number of layers of BOI added. Important to neural interfaces, it was found that additional layers of BOI caused an insignificant increase in the electrical impedance, especially when compared to the large drop in impedance upon coating of the electrode with the conducting polymer composite.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sung Yeol Kim
- School of Engineering, Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology, and Biotechnology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
|
11
|
Baur J, Gondran C, Holzinger M, Defrancq E, Perrot H, Cosnier S. Label-Free Femtomolar Detection of Target DNA by Impedimetric DNA Sensor Based on Poly(pyrrole-nitrilotriacetic acid) Film. Anal Chem 2009; 82:1066-72. [DOI: 10.1021/ac9024329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Baur
- Département de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR 5250, ICMG FR 2607, CNRS, Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble I, BP 53, 38041 Grenoble cedex 9, France, and Laboratoire Interfaces et Systèmes Electrochimiques, UPR 15 CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris VI, cpr 133, 75252 Paris cedex 05, France
| | - Chantal Gondran
- Département de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR 5250, ICMG FR 2607, CNRS, Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble I, BP 53, 38041 Grenoble cedex 9, France, and Laboratoire Interfaces et Systèmes Electrochimiques, UPR 15 CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris VI, cpr 133, 75252 Paris cedex 05, France
| | - Michael Holzinger
- Département de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR 5250, ICMG FR 2607, CNRS, Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble I, BP 53, 38041 Grenoble cedex 9, France, and Laboratoire Interfaces et Systèmes Electrochimiques, UPR 15 CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris VI, cpr 133, 75252 Paris cedex 05, France
| | - Eric Defrancq
- Département de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR 5250, ICMG FR 2607, CNRS, Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble I, BP 53, 38041 Grenoble cedex 9, France, and Laboratoire Interfaces et Systèmes Electrochimiques, UPR 15 CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris VI, cpr 133, 75252 Paris cedex 05, France
| | - Hubert Perrot
- Département de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR 5250, ICMG FR 2607, CNRS, Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble I, BP 53, 38041 Grenoble cedex 9, France, and Laboratoire Interfaces et Systèmes Electrochimiques, UPR 15 CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris VI, cpr 133, 75252 Paris cedex 05, France
| | - Serge Cosnier
- Département de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR 5250, ICMG FR 2607, CNRS, Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble I, BP 53, 38041 Grenoble cedex 9, France, and Laboratoire Interfaces et Systèmes Electrochimiques, UPR 15 CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris VI, cpr 133, 75252 Paris cedex 05, France
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Haddad R, Cosnier S, Maaref A, Holzinger M. Non-covalent biofunctionalization of single-walled carbon nanotubes via biotin attachment by π-stacking interactions and pyrrole polymerization. Analyst 2009; 134:2412-8. [DOI: 10.1039/b916774a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
13
|
Holzinger M, Bouffier L, Villalonga R, Cosnier S. Adamantane/β-cyclodextrin affinity biosensors based on single-walled carbon nanotubes. Biosens Bioelectron 2009; 24:1128-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2008.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2008] [Revised: 06/09/2008] [Accepted: 06/16/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
14
|
Sima V, Cristea C, Lăpăduş F, Marian I, Marian A, Săndulescu R. Electroanalytical properties of a novel biosensor modified with zirconium alcoxide porous gels for the detection of acetaminophen. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2008; 48:1195-200. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2008.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2008] [Revised: 07/28/2008] [Accepted: 08/03/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
15
|
Electrochemical determination of levetiracetam by screen-printed based biosensors. Bioelectrochemistry 2008; 74:306-9. [PMID: 19059814 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2008.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2008] [Revised: 10/15/2008] [Accepted: 11/01/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This work shows an easy and fast electrochemical method for Levetiracetam (LEV) determination, which is a novel antiepileptic. Most of the methods used up to now for its determination required a pre-treatment of the sample. It is shown here that the developed Peroxidase based biosensors avoid this kind of drawbacks. Screen-printed carbon electrodes have been used as transducers for the Peroxidase immobilization by pyrrole electropolymerization. Experimental variables that can affect LEV chronoamperometric response, such as hydrogen peroxide concentration, pH and applied potential, have been optimized in order to perform a selective LEV determination. Under these conditions, the performance of the biosensors has been tested. The residual standard deviation (RSD) of the slopes of different calibration curves was 9.77% (n=4 and alpha=0.05) for the reproducibility and 7.73% (n=4 and alpha=0.05) in the case of the repeatability. An average limit of detection of 9.81x10(-6) M (alpha=beta=0.05) was obtained. The biosensors have been finally applied to the determination of LEV in complex matrices, such as pharmaceutical drugs and spiked human plasma samples, yielding successful results.
Collapse
|
16
|
Barhoumi H, Maaref A, Cosnier S, Martelet C, Jaffrezic-Renault N. Urease immobilization on biotinylated polypyrrole coated ChemFEC devices for urea biosensor development. Ing Rech Biomed 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmret.2007.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
17
|
Alonso-Lomillo MA, Gonzalo-Ruiz J, Domínguez-Renedo O, Muñoz FJ, Arcos-Martínez MJ. CYP450 biosensors based on gold chips for antiepileptic drugs determination. Biosens Bioelectron 2008; 23:1733-7. [PMID: 18339535 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2008.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2007] [Revised: 12/17/2007] [Accepted: 01/29/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Three-electrode configuration chips containing a Pt, Au and a screen-printed Ag/AgCl as counter, working and reference electrode, respectively, have been developed. Selective determination of Phenobarbital (PB) has been carried out by Cytochrome P450 2B4 (CYP450) immobilization into a polypyrrole matrix onto the gold working electrode. Chronoamperometric experiments show a PB diffusion coefficient of 2.42x10(-6)cm(2)s(-1), a reproducibility and repeatability in terms of residual standard deviation (RSD) of 13% and 5.51%, respectively, and a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.289 micromol dm(-3) (alpha=beta=0.05) for the developed CYP450-biosensor chip. Its performance has been showed by the determination of PB in pharmaceutical drugs. HPLC has been used as reference technique.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M A Alonso-Lomillo
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Burgos, Burgos, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
|
19
|
Fletcher BL, McKnight TE, Fowlkes JD, Allison DP, Simpson ML, Doktycz MJ. Controlling the Dimensions of Carbon Nanofiber Structures through the Electropolymerization of Pyrrole. SYNTHETIC METALS 2007; 157:282-289. [PMID: 18431459 PMCID: PMC2329583 DOI: 10.1016/j.synthmet.2007.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Electrically conductive polymers, such as polypyrrole (PPy), show promise for modifying the dimensions and properties of micro- and nanoscale structures. Mechanisms for controlling the formation of PPy films of nanoscale thickness were evaluated by electrochemically synthesizing and examining PPy films on planar gold electrodes under a variety of growth conditions. Tunable PPy coatings were then deposited by electropolymerization on the sidewalls of individual, electrically addressable carbon nanofibers (CNFs). The ability to modify the physical size of specific nanofibers in controllable fashion is demonstrated. The biocompatibility, potential for chemical functionalization, and ability to effect volume changes of this nanocomposite can lead to advanced functionality, such as specific, nanoscale valving of materials and morphological control at the nanoscale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin L. Fletcher
- Molecular Scale Engineering and Nanoscale Technologies Research Group, Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN 37831
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, University of Tennessee, 434 Dougherty Hall, Knoxville, TN 37996
| | - Timothy E. McKnight
- Molecular Scale Engineering and Nanoscale Technologies Research Group, Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN 37831
- Monolithic Systems Group, Engineering Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory
| | - Jason D. Fowlkes
- Molecular Scale Engineering and Nanoscale Technologies Research Group, Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN 37831
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, University of Tennessee, 434 Dougherty Hall, Knoxville, TN 37996
| | - David P. Allison
- Biological and Nanoscale Systems Group, Life Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory
| | - Michael L. Simpson
- Molecular Scale Engineering and Nanoscale Technologies Research Group, Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN 37831
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, University of Tennessee, 434 Dougherty Hall, Knoxville, TN 37996
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory
| | - Mitchel J. Doktycz
- Molecular Scale Engineering and Nanoscale Technologies Research Group, Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN 37831
- Biological and Nanoscale Systems Group, Life Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory
- Monolithic Systems Group, Engineering Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Erdem A. Chapter 19 Genosensor technology for electrochemical sensing of nucleic acids by using different transducers. ELECTROCHEMICAL SENSOR ANALYSIS 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s0166-526x(06)49019-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
|
21
|
Lomillo M, del Campo F, Pascual F. Preliminary Contribution to the Quantification of HMF in Honey by Electrochemical Biosensor Chips. ELECTROANAL 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200603698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
22
|
Haddour N, Chauvin J, Gondran C, Cosnier S. Photoelectrochemical Immunosensor for Label-Free Detection and Quantification of Anti-cholera Toxin Antibody. J Am Chem Soc 2006; 128:9693-8. [PMID: 16866523 DOI: 10.1021/ja062729z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate herein a newly developed photoelectrochemical immunosensor for the determination of anti-cholera toxin antibody by using a photosensitive biotinylated polypyrrole film. The latter was generated by electro-oxidation of a biotinylated tris(bipyridyl) ruthenium(II) complex bearing pyrrole groups. The photoexcitation of this modified electrode potentiostated at 0.5 V vs SCE, in the presence of an oxidative quencher, pentaaminechloro cobalt(III) chloride (15 mM), led to a cathodic photocurrent. As a result of the affinity interactions, a layer of biotinylated cholera toxin was firmly bound to the functionalized polypyrrole film via avidin bridges. The resulting modified electrodes were tested as immunosensors for the detection of the corresponding antibody from 0 to 200 microg mL(-)(1). The antibody concentration was measured through the decrease in photocurrent intensity resulting from its specific binding onto the polymeric coating, the detection limit being 0.5 microg mL(-)(1).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naoufel Haddour
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Organique et de Photochimie Rédox (CNRS UMR 5630), Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Grenoble FR CNRS 2607, Université Joseph Fourier, BP 53, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
A Simple Means to Immobilize Enzyme into Conducting Polymers via Entrapment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1149/1.2201306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
24
|
|
25
|
Evans SA, Brakha K, Billon M, Mailley P, Denuault G. Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM): localized glucose oxidase immobilization via the direct electrochemical microspotting of polypyrrole–biotin films. Electrochem commun 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2004.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
|
26
|
Andreescu D, Andreescu S, Sadik OA. Chapter 7 New materials for biosensors, biochips and molecular bioelectronics. BIOSENSORS AND MODERN BIOSPECIFIC ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/s0166-526x(05)44007-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
|
27
|
Da Silva S, Grosjean L, Ternan N, Mailley P, Livache T, Cosnier S. Biotinylated polypyrrole films: an easy electrochemical approach for the reagentless immobilization of bacteria on electrode surfaces. Bioelectrochemistry 2004; 63:297-301. [PMID: 15110291 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2003.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2003] [Revised: 09/15/2003] [Accepted: 09/25/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Biotinylated bacteria were immobilized onto biotin/avidin modified electrode surfaces. Firstly, an electrospotting deposition method, followed by fluorescence microscopy, showed that bacteria were specifically grafted onto a gold surface. Fluorescence intensity versus the quantity of bacteria deposited on the surface was correlated, allowing determination of the microbial saturation point. Secondly, biotinylated bacteria were immobilized onto a glassy carbon macro-electrode in order to assess immobilized bacterial denitrification activity. During a 7-day trial, the modified electrode completely denitrified 5 mM nitrate, with a rate of 1.66 mM/day over the first 3 days. When the same electrode was placed in fresh nitrate solution, the denitrification rate dropped to 0.80 mM/day. Crucially, the immobilized bacteria did not become detached from the electrode during the study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Da Silva
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Organique et de Photochimie Redox, URA UMR CNRS 5630, Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble 1, BP53 38041 Grenoble, Cedex 9, France
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Cosnier S, Mousty C, de?Melo J, Lepellec A, Novoa A, Polyak B, Marks R. Organic Phase PPO Biosensors Prepared by Multilayer Deposition of Enzyme and Alginate Through Avidin-Biotin Interactions. ELECTROANAL 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200303084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
29
|
Mehrvar M, Abdi M. Recent developments, characteristics, and potential applications of electrochemical biosensors. ANAL SCI 2004; 20:1113-26. [PMID: 15352497 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.20.1113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to analyze the technical importance, performance, techniques, advantages, and disadvantages of the biosensors in general and of the electrochemical biosensors in particular. A product of reaction diffuses to the transducer in the first generation biosensors (based on Clark biosensors). The mediated biosensors or second generation biosensors use specific mediators between the reaction and the transducer to improve sensitivity. The second generation biosensors involve two steps: first, there is a redox reaction between enzyme and substrate that is reoxidized by the mediator, and eventually the mediator is oxidized by the electrode. No normal product or mediator diffusion is directly involved in the third generation biosensors, direct biosensors. Based on the type of transducer, current biosensors are divided into optical, mass, thermal, and electrochemical sensors. They are used in medical diagnostics, food quality controls, environmental monitoring, and other applications. These biosensors are also grouped under two broad categories of sensors: direct and indirect detection systems. Moreover, these systems could be further grouped into continuous or batch operation. Therefore, amperometric biosensors and their current applications are focused on more in detail since they are the most commonly used biosensors in monitoring and diagnosing tests in clinical analysis. Problems related to the commercialization of medical, environmental, and industrial biosensors as well as their performance characteristics, their competitiveness in comparison to the conventional analytical tools, and their costs determine the future development of these biosensors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehrab Mehrvar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, M5B 2K3, Canada.
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Cosnier S, Le Pellec A, Marks RS, Périé K, Lellouche JP. A permselective biotinylated polydicarbazole film for the fabrication of amperometric enzyme electrodes. Electrochem commun 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2003.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
|
31
|
Chapter 3 Electrochemical biosensors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s1061-8945(03)80005-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
|
32
|
Xu JJ, Yu ZH, Chen HY. Glucose biosensors prepared by electropolymerization of p-chlorophenylamine with and without Nafion. Anal Chim Acta 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(02)00430-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
33
|
Ouerghi O, Touhami A, Jaffrezic-Renault N, Martelet C, Ouada HB, Cosnier S. Impedimetric immunosensor using avidin-biotin for antibody immobilization. Bioelectrochemistry 2002; 56:131-3. [PMID: 12009459 DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5394(02)00029-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The potentialities of an electrodeposited biotinylated polypyrrole film as an immobilisation matrix for the fabrication of impedimetric immunosensors are described. Biotinylated antibody (anti-human IgG), used as a model system, was attached to free biotin groups on the electrogenerated polypyrrole film using avidin as a coupling reagent. This immobilization method allows to obtain a highly reproducible and stable device. The resulting immunosensor has a linear dynamic range of 10-80 ng ml(-1) of antigen and a detection limit of 10 pg ml(-1). Furthermore, this immunosensor exhibited minor loss in response after two regeneration steps.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O Ouerghi
- Ingénierie et Fonctionnalisation des Surfaces, UMR CNRS 5621, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, BP 163, F-69131 Ecully Cédex, France
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Electrogeneration and characterization of a poly(pyrrole–nickel (II) chlorin) electrode. Electrochem commun 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s1388-2481(02)00337-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
|
35
|
Cosnier S, Novoa A, Mousty C, Marks RS. Biotinylated alginate immobilization matrix in the construction of an amperometric biosensor: application for the determination of glucose. Anal Chim Acta 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(01)01485-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
36
|
Cosnier S, Szunerits S, Marks RS, Lellouche JP, Perie K. Mediated electrochemical detection of catechol by tyrosinase-based poly(dicarbazole) electrodes. JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL METHODS 2001; 50:65-77. [PMID: 11714513 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-022x(01)00176-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A new dicarbazole derivative functionalised by an N-hydroxysuccinimide group has been synthesised and electrochemically characterised. Upon oxidative electropolymerisation of this monomer in organic electrolytes, electroactive poly(dicarbazole) films were formed on platinum electrodes. The subsequent chemical grafting of tyrosinase on the poly(dicarbazole) film was easily performed by immersion in an enzymatic aqueous solution. The amperometric response of the resulting biosensors to catechol has been studied at -0.2 V vs. saturated calomel electrode (SCE). Since the reduction of quinone generates radicals which may induce electrode fouling, thionine, a phenothiazine dye, was covalently bound to the poly(dicarbazole) backbone as it mediates the reduction of quinoid products and therefore induces an enhancement of the performance of the tyrosinase-based biosensor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Cosnier
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Organique et de Photochimie Redox, UMR CNRS 5630, Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble 1, 301 rue de la Chimie, BP 53, 38041 Cedex 9, Grenoble, France.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Piro B, Dang LA, Pham MC, Fabiano S, Tran-Minh C. A glucose biosensor based on modified-enzyme incorporated within electropolymerised poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDT) films. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-0728(01)00595-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
38
|
Cosnier S, Perrot H, Wessel R. Biotinylated Polypyrrole Modified Quartz Crystal Microbalance for the Fast and Reagentless Determination of Avidin Concentration. ELECTROANAL 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-4109(200107)13:11<971::aid-elan971>3.0.co;2-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
39
|
Cosnier S, Gondran C, Pellec AL, Senillou A. CONTROLLED FABRICATION OF GLUCOSE AND CATECHOL MICROBIOSENSORS VIA ELECTROPOLYMERIZED BIOTINYLATED POLYPYRROLE FILMS. ANAL LETT 2001. [DOI: 10.1081/al-100002704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
40
|
Cosnier S, Fologea D, Szunerits S, Marks RS. Poly(dicarbazole-N-hydroxysuccinimide) film: a new polymer for the reagentless grafting of enzymes and redox mediators. Electrochem commun 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s1388-2481(00)00131-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
|
41
|
Cosnier S, Marks RS, Lellouche JP, Perie K, Fologea D, Szunerits S. Electrogenerated Poly(Chiral Dicarbazole) Films for the Reagentless Grafting of Enzymes. ELECTROANAL 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-4109(200010)12:14<1107::aid-elan1107>3.0.co;2-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
42
|
Pividori MI, Merkoçi A, Alegret S. Electrochemical genosensor design: immobilisation of oligonucleotides onto transducer surfaces and detection methods. Biosens Bioelectron 2000; 15:291-303. [PMID: 11219741 DOI: 10.1016/s0956-5663(00)00071-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The present report reviews immobilisation techniques of purified oligonucleotides on electrochemical transducers and their corresponding detection techniques. Most of the literature reviewed was published in the 1990s. The immobilisation techniques of a DNA probe to the surface of an electrochemical transducer made from carbon, gold, platinum or polypyrrole, ranged from simple adsorption to covalent bonding. Recent efforts to couple the recognition layer containing the immobilised nucleic acid recognition layer with the electrochemical signal transducer are discussed. Special attention is given to hybridisation biosensing based on electroactive indicators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M I Pividori
- Grup de Sensors i Biosensors, Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Amounas M, Innocent C, Cosnier S, Seta P. A membrane based reactor with an enzyme immobilized by an avidin–biotin molecular recognition in a polymer matrix. J Memb Sci 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0376-7388(00)00441-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
44
|
Dequaire M, Degrand C, Limoges B. Biotinylation of Screen-Printed Carbon Electrodes through the Electrochemical Reduction of the Diazonium Salt of p-Aminobenzoyl Biocytin. J Am Chem Soc 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/ja990920l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Murielle Dequaire
- Equipe Electrosynthèse et Electroanalyse Bioorganique, UMR CNRS 6504, Université Blaise Pascal de Clermont-Ferrand, 24 Avenue des Landais, 63177 Aubière, France
| | - Chantal Degrand
- Equipe Electrosynthèse et Electroanalyse Bioorganique, UMR CNRS 6504, Université Blaise Pascal de Clermont-Ferrand, 24 Avenue des Landais, 63177 Aubière, France
| | - Benoît Limoges
- Equipe Electrosynthèse et Electroanalyse Bioorganique, UMR CNRS 6504, Université Blaise Pascal de Clermont-Ferrand, 24 Avenue des Landais, 63177 Aubière, France
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Cosnier S. Biomolecule immobilization on electrode surfaces by entrapment or attachment to electrochemically polymerized films. A review. Biosens Bioelectron 1999; 14:443-56. [PMID: 10451912 DOI: 10.1016/s0956-5663(99)00024-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 468] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The concept and potentialities of electrochemical procedures of biomolecule immobilization based on electropolymerized films are described. The biomolecule entrapment in conventional electrogenerated polymers such as polypyrrole, polyaniline or polyphenol is compared with an electrochemical procedure involving the adsorption of amphiphilic monomers and biomolecules before the polymerization step. Examples of organic phase enzyme electrode and electrical wiring of immobilized enzymes are presented. Furthermore, the construction of controlled architectures based on spatially segregated multilayers, exhibiting complementary biological activities is described. Then, the use of functionalized polymers bearing functional groups for the covalent binding of biomolecules is reported. Moreover, the attachment of biomolecules to biotinylated polymers through affinity interactions based on avidin-biotin bridge is presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Cosnier
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Organique et de Photochimie Rédox, UMR CNRS 5630, Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble 1, France.
| |
Collapse
|