1
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Kishioka A, Matsushita Y, Miyake M. Detection of Interfering Ions Using Ion Flux Phenomena in Flow-Through Cl-ISEs with Ion Exchange Membranes. Anal Chem 2023; 95:7584-7593. [PMID: 37140250 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c00366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) are among the most successful electrochemical sensors used in various applications because of their ability to measure electrolyte concentrations in liquids easily. It is common practice to suppress ion fluxes through the ion-sensitive membranes in ISEs because such fluxes worsen the lower limit of detection. In this study, we propose a method to detect interfering ions using this ion flux phenomenon. As a proof of principle, a flow-type Cl-ISE based on an ion exchange membrane loaded with the target ion chloride was used to acquire transient potential profiles during standstill after the introduction of liquids containing various ion species. When the target ion of the ion-sensitive membrane was measured, there was almost no change in potential over time. In contrast, when hydrophilic interfering ions were measured, the potential gradually decreased, and when hydrophobic interfering ions were measured, the potential gradually increased. The direction and intensity of these changes over time depended on the ion species and concentrations. The main reason for these potential changes is presumed to be the change in the local ionic composition of the sample near the sensing membrane due to ion exchange between the sample and membrane. This phenomenon could not be observed in a hydrophobic ion exchanger membrane doped with a quaternary ammonium salt and was characteristically observable using hydrophilic ion exchange membranes with a high charge density and a high ion diffusion rate. Finally, using a high-throughput flow-type system, we demonstrated the detection of interfering ions in solutions containing multiple ion species by using the ion flux phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Kishioka
- Biosystems Research Department, Research & Development Group, Hitachi, Ltd., 1-280, Higashi-koigakubo, Kokubunji-shi, Tokyo 185-8601, Japan
| | - Yufuku Matsushita
- Biosystems Research Department, Research & Development Group, Hitachi, Ltd., 1-280, Higashi-koigakubo, Kokubunji-shi, Tokyo 185-8601, Japan
| | - Masafumi Miyake
- Medical Systems Design 1st dept., Life & Medical systems Product Div., Analytical & Medical Solution Business Group, Hitachi High-Tech Corporation, 882, Ichige, Hitachinaka-shi, Ibaraki, 312-8504, Japan
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2
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Keresten V, Mikhelson K. Voltammetric Ion Sensing with Ionophore-Based Ion-Selective Electrodes Containing Internal Aqueous Solution, Improving Lifetime of Sensors. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:1048. [PMID: 36363603 PMCID: PMC9699433 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12111048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The possibility of voltammetric ion sensing is demonstrated, for the first time, for ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) containing an internal aqueous solution. ISEs selective to calcium, lithium and potassium ions are used as model systems. The internal solution of the ISEs contains a chloride salt of the respective cation and a ferrocenemethanol or ferrocyanide/ferricyanide redox couple. A platinum wire is used as the internal reference electrode. It is shown, theoretically and experimentally, that the dependence of oxidation and reduction peak potentials on the sample composition obeys the Nernst law, while the peak currents virtually do not depend on the sample composition. Thus, the electrode behavior is similar to that reported by Bakker's group for solid contact ISEs with ultra-thin membranes (200-300 nm). It is shown that the use of classical ISEs with relatively thick membranes (100-300 µm) and internal aqueous solution allows for the sensor lifetime of about one month. It is also shown that use of a suitable background electrolyte allows for improvement of the detection limits in voltammetric measurements with ISEs.
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3
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Lisak G. Reliable environmental trace heavy metal analysis with potentiometric ion sensors - reality or a distant dream. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 289:117882. [PMID: 34364114 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Over two decades have passed since polymeric membrane ion-selective electrodes were found to exhibit sufficiently lower detection limits. This in turn brought a great promise to measure trace level concentrations of heavy metals using potentiometric ion sensors at environmental conditions. Despite great efforts, trace analysis of heavy metals using ion-selective electrodes at environmental conditions is still not commercially available. This work will predominantly concentrate on summarizing and evaluating prospects of using potentiometric ion sensors in view of environmental determination of heavy metals in on-site and on-line analysis modes. Challenges associated with development of reliable potentiometric sensors to be operational in environmental conditions will be discussed and reasoning behind unsuccessful efforts to develop potentiometric on-site and on-line environmental ion sensors will be explored. In short, it is now clear that solely lowering the detection limit of the ion-selective electrodes does not guarantee development of successful sensors that would meet the requirement of environmental matrices over long term usage. More pressing challenges of the properties and the performance of the potentiometric sensors must be addressed first before considering extending their sensitivity to low analyte concentrations. These are, in order of importance, selectivity of the ion-selective membrane to main ion followed by the membrane resistance to parallel processes, such as water ingress to the ISM, light sensitivity, change in temperature, presence of gasses in solution and pH and finally resistance of the ion-selective membrane to fouling. In the future, targeted on-site and on-line environmental sensors should be developed, addressing specific environmental conditions. Thus, ion-selective electrodes should be developed with the intention to be suitable to the operational environmental conditions, rather than looking at universal sensor design validated in the idealized and simple sample matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Lisak
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore; Residues and Resource Reclamation Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Singapore, 637141, Singapore.
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4
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Cheong YH, Lisak G. Physically Tailoring Ion Fluxes by Introducing Foamlike Structures into Polymeric Membranes of Solid Contact Ion-Selective Electrodes. ACS Sens 2021; 6:3667-3676. [PMID: 34585917 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c01413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Transmembrane ion fluxes have earlier been identified as a source of potential instability in solid contact ion-selective electrodes (SC-ISEs). In this work, foamlike structures were intentionally introduced into a potassium-sensitive plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) ion-selective membrane (ISM) near the membrane|solid contact interface by controlling the temperature during membrane deposition. Foamlike structures in the ISM were shown to be effective at physically tailoring the transport of ions in the ion-selective membrane, greatly reducing the flux of interfering ions from the sample to the membrane|solid contact interface. The drifts during a conventional water layer test were hence able to be greatly mitigated, even with SC-ISEs incorporating a relatively hydrophilic poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) doped with poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) solid contact. In solutions with a high background concentration of interfering ions, equilibrated ion-selective electrodes with foamlike membranes were able to reproduce their initial potentials within 0.6 mV uncertainty (n = 3) from 0 to 18 h. This was achieved despite sensor exposure to solutions exceeding the selectivity limit of the ISEs in 3 h intervals, allowing improvement of the potential reproducibility of the sensors. Since the introduction of foamlike structures into ISM is linked to temperature-controlled membrane deposition, it is envisaged that the method is generally applicable to all solid contact ion-selective electrodes that are based on polymeric membranes and require membrane deposition from the cocktail solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Heng Cheong
- College of Engineering, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Residues and Resource Reclamation Center, 1 Cleantech Loop, Cleantech, Singapore 637141, Singapore
- Robert Bosch (South East Asia) Pte Ltd., 11 Bishan Street 21, Singapore 573943, Singapore
| | - Grzegorz Lisak
- College of Engineering, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Residues and Resource Reclamation Center, 1 Cleantech Loop, Cleantech, Singapore 637141, Singapore
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5
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Doménech-Carbó A. Electrochemistry of plants: basic theoretical research and applications in plant science. J Solid State Electrochem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-021-05046-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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6
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Park S, Maier CS, Koley D. Anodic Stripping Voltammetry on a Carbon-based Ion-Selective Electrode. Electrochim Acta 2021; 390:138855. [PMID: 34483347 PMCID: PMC8415442 DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.138855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we demonstrated the unique capability of carbon-based ion-selective electrode (ISE) to perform highly sensitive square wave anodic stripping voltammetry, while maintaining all the properties of an ISE, in terms of sensitivity, detection limit, response time and selectivity. Square wave anodic stripping voltammetry involves deposition and dissolution steps of metal ions, which means adsorption and desorption of metal ions on the conductive ion-selective membrane without losing its ion-sensing property. To demonstrate this capability, we chose a Ca2+ ion-selective microelectrode (μISE) as a potentiometric method and Cu2+-stripping voltammetry as an amperometric method. The carbon-based ISE surface is capable of quantifying nanomolar to micromolar Cu2+ in both a standard acetate buffer and a complex water sample. The Ca2+-μISE also showed a Nernstian slope of 29 mV / log [Ca2+] and a detection limit of 1 μM within the linear range of 1 μM to 10 mM. It thus opens an opportunity to use the low detection limit of anodic stripping voltammetry and the high selectivity of ISE-based potentiometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suji Park
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA
| | - Claudia S Maier
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA
| | - Dipankar Koley
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA
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7
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Ding R, Cheong YH, Ahamed A, Lisak G. Heavy Metals Detection with Paper-Based Electrochemical Sensors. Anal Chem 2021; 93:1880-1888. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c04247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyu Ding
- College of Engineering, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Residues and Resource Reclamation Center, 1 Cleantech Loop, Cleantech, Singapore 637141, Singapore
| | - Yi Heng Cheong
- College of Engineering, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Residues and Resource Reclamation Center, 1 Cleantech Loop, Cleantech, Singapore 637141, Singapore
| | - Ashiq Ahamed
- Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Residues and Resource Reclamation Center, 1 Cleantech Loop, Cleantech, Singapore 637141, Singapore
- Laboratory of Molecular Science and Engineering, Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, Åbo Akademi University, FI-20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Grzegorz Lisak
- College of Engineering, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Residues and Resource Reclamation Center, 1 Cleantech Loop, Cleantech, Singapore 637141, Singapore
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8
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Zdrachek
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Eric Bakker
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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9
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Keene ST, Fogarty D, Cooke R, Casadevall CD, Salleo A, Parlak O. Wearable Organic Electrochemical Transistor Patch for Multiplexed Sensing of Calcium and Ammonium Ions from Human Perspiration. Adv Healthc Mater 2019; 8:e1901321. [PMID: 31714014 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201901321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Wearable health monitoring has garnered considerable interest from the healthcare industry as an evolutionary alternative to standard practices with the ability to provide rapid, off-site diagnosis and patient-monitoring. In particular, sweat-based wearable biosensors offer a noninvasive route to continuously monitor a variety of biomarkers for a range of physiological conditions. Both the accessibility and wealth of information of sweat make it an ideal target for noninvasive devices that can aid in early diagnosis of disease or to monitor athletic performance. Here, the integration of ammonium (NH4 + ) and calcium (Ca2+ ) ion-selective membranes with a poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate)-based (PEDOT:PSS) organic electrochemical transistor (OECT) for multiplexed sensing of NH4 + and Ca2+ in sweat with high sensitivity and selectivity is reported for the first time. The presented wearable sweat sensor is designed by combining a flexible and stretchable styrene-ethylene-butene-styrene substrate with a laser-patterned microcapillary channel array for direct sweat acquisition and delivery to the ion-selective OECT. The resulting dermal sensor exhibits a wide working range between 0.01 × 10-3 and 100 × 10-3 m, well within the physiological levels of NH4 + and Ca2+ in sweat. The integrated devices are successfully implemented with both ex situ measurements and on human subjects with real-time analysis using a wearable sensor assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott T. Keene
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Stanford University 450 Serra Mall Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | - Daragh Fogarty
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Stanford University 450 Serra Mall Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | - Ross Cooke
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Stanford University 450 Serra Mall Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | - Carlos D. Casadevall
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Stanford University 450 Serra Mall Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | - Alberto Salleo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Stanford University 450 Serra Mall Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | - Onur Parlak
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Stanford University 450 Serra Mall Stanford CA 94305 USA
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10
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Lindner E, Guzinski M, Khan TA, Pendley BD. Reference Electrodes with Ionic Liquid Salt Bridge: When Will These Innovative Novel Reference Electrodes Gain Broad Acceptance? ACS Sens 2019; 4:549-561. [PMID: 30762347 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.8b01651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we raise questions that researchers have to ask if they intend to replace a conventional reference electrode with an ionic liquid-based reference electrode and try to answer these questions based on our experiences and literature data. Among these questions, the most important is which ionic liquid should be used. However, beyond the chemical composition of the ionic liquid, to realize all the potential benefits of ionic-liquid based reference electrodes, there are additional, equally important considerations. Through examples we will show the importance of the (i) purity of the ionic liquid and the consequences of deviations from its stoichiometric salt composition, (ii) form of implementation of the ionic liquid-based reference electrode membrane (free-flowing salt bridge, or ionic liquid embedded in a membrane), (iii) membrane/gelling agent material and its composition, and (iv) experimental conditions (steady state or flowing conditions) under which it will be used. Finally, we recommend methods to test the performance criteria of the ionic liquid-based reference electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernő Lindner
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee 38152, United States
| | - Marcin Guzinski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee 38152, United States
| | - Taskia A. Khan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee 38152, United States
| | - Bradford D. Pendley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee 38152, United States
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11
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Egorov VV, Novakovskii AD. Application of the interface equilibria-triggered dynamic diffusion model of the boundary potential for the numerical simulation of neutral carrier-based ion-selective electrodes response. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1043:20-27. [PMID: 30392665 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
It is shown that a simple dynamic diffusion model of the boundary potential based on a separate, step-by-step, account of ion transfer across the membrane/aqueous solution interface and the diffusion processes within both phases which was proposed earlier for describing the response of ionophore-free membranes, can be successfully used for ionophore-based membranes as well. The model makes it possible to carry out both separate and joint account of the effects of co-extraction, transmembrane transport and ion exchange on the boundary potential and retains robustness in all the variants studied. The model adequately describes the ionophore-based electrode response over the entire range of concentrations and allows one to clearly demonstrate the dependence of lower detection limit on such parameters as the diffusion coefficients and the concentration of electroactive substances in the membrane phase, the thickness of the diffusion layer in the sample solution, the duration of the measurement, and the composition of the internal reference solution. The results of numerical simulation are in good agreement with the experimental data presented in the literature. As all the factors of influence considered above can easily be regulated in more or less wide limits, but at the same time, an estimation of their cumulative effect is not always possible on an intuitive level, the present model can be of practical interest for justifying the ways of optimizing the design of the ISE and the algorithm for performing measurements in solving specific analytical problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir V Egorov
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Belarusian State University, Leningradskaya Str., 14, 220030, Minsk, Belarus.
| | - Andrei D Novakovskii
- Research Institute for Physical Chemical Problems of the Belarusian State University, Leningradskaya Str., 14, 220030, Minsk, Belarus
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12
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Electrochemical Properties of Nitrate-Selective Electrodes: The Dependence of Resistance on the Solution Concentration. SENSORS 2018; 18:s18072062. [PMID: 29958411 PMCID: PMC6069089 DOI: 10.3390/s18072062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The electrochemical properties of ion-exchanger-based solvent polymeric ion-selective electrodes (ISEs)—bulk and interfacial resistance, capacitance, and polarization under a galvanostatic current step—are studied, with a nitrate ISE based on tetradecylammonium nitrate (TDANO3) as a model system. The study is performed by chronopotentiometric and impedance measurements, and focuses on the dependence of the aforementioned properties on the concentration of NO3− anions in solution. The impacts from the bulk and the interfacial charge transfer to the overall membrane resistance are revealed. It is shown that the bulk resistance of the membranes decreases over an increase of NO3− concentration within the range of a Nernstian potentiometric response of the ISE. This fact, also reported earlier for K+- and Ca2+-selective ISEs, is not in line with current views of the mechanism of the ISE response, or of the role of ion exchange in particular. The origin of this effect is unclear. Estimates are made for the concentration of ionized species (NO3− and TDA+) and, respectively, for the TDANO3 association constant, as well as for the species diffusion coefficients in the membrane.
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13
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Egorov VV, Novakovskii AD, Zdrachek EA. An Interface Equilibria-Triggered Time-Dependent Diffusion Model of the Boundary Potential and Its Application for the Numerical Simulation of the Ion-Selective Electrode Response in Real Systems. Anal Chem 2017; 90:1309-1316. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b04134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir V. Egorov
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry, Belarusian State University, Leningradskaya
Str., 14, 220030 Minsk, Belarus
| | - Andrei D. Novakovskii
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry, Belarusian State University, Leningradskaya
Str., 14, 220030 Minsk, Belarus
- Research Institute for Physical Chemical Problems of the Belarusian State University, Leningradskaya Str., 14, 220030 Minsk, Belarus
| | - Elena A. Zdrachek
- Research Institute for Physical Chemical Problems of the Belarusian State University, Leningradskaya Str., 14, 220030 Minsk, Belarus
- Department
of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest-Ansermet
30, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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14
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Sheppard JB, Hambly B, Pendley B, Lindner E. Voltammetric determination of diffusion coefficients in polymer membranes. Analyst 2017; 142:930-937. [DOI: 10.1039/c6an02671k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The diffusion-controlled transport of ions and molecules through polymer membranes utilized in chemical and biosensors is often the key factor determining the response characteristics of these sensors. A simple voltammetric method utilizing a planar electrochemical cell allows the rapid determination of diffusion coefficients in resistive polymer membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bradley Hambly
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- University of Memphis
- Memphis
- USA
| | - Bradford Pendley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- University of Memphis
- Memphis
- USA
| | - Erno Lindner
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- University of Memphis
- Memphis
- USA
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15
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Han T, Vanamo U, Bobacka J. Influence of Electrode Geometry on the Response of Solid-Contact Ion-Selective Electrodes when Utilizing a New Coulometric Signal Readout Method. ChemElectroChem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201600575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Han
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry; Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre; Åbo Akademi University; Biskopsgatan 8 FI-20500 Åbo Finland
| | - Ulriika Vanamo
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry; Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre; Åbo Akademi University; Biskopsgatan 8 FI-20500 Åbo Finland
| | - Johan Bobacka
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry; Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre; Åbo Akademi University; Biskopsgatan 8 FI-20500 Åbo Finland
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16
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Bieg C, Fuchsberger K, Stelzle M. Introduction to polymer-based solid-contact ion-selective electrodes—basic concepts, practical considerations, and current research topics. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 409:45-61. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9945-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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17
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Nagy X, Höfler L. Lowering Detection Limits Toward Target Ions Using Quasi-Symmetric Polymeric Ion-Selective Membranes Combined with Amperometric Measurements. Anal Chem 2016; 88:9850-9855. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b03043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xénia Nagy
- Department of Inorganic
and
Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Szt. Gellért tér 4, Budapest, 1111, Hungary
| | - Lajos Höfler
- Department of Inorganic
and
Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Szt. Gellért tér 4, Budapest, 1111, Hungary
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18
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Impact of the Electrolyte Co-Extraction to the Response of the Ionophore-based Ion-Selective Electrodes. Electrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.07.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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19
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Vanamo U, Hupa E, Yrjänä V, Bobacka J. New Signal Readout Principle for Solid-Contact Ion-Selective Electrodes. Anal Chem 2016; 88:4369-74. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b04800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ulriika Vanamo
- Laboratory
of Analytical Chemistry, Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Biskopsgatan 8, FI-20500 Åbo, Finland
- Laboratory
of Materials Chemistry and Chemical Analysis, University of Turku, Vatselankatu 2, 20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Elisa Hupa
- Laboratory
of Analytical Chemistry, Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Biskopsgatan 8, FI-20500 Åbo, Finland
- Graduate
School in Chemical Engineering (GSCE), Åbo Akademi University, Tavastgatan
13, FI-20500 Åbo, Finland
| | - Ville Yrjänä
- Laboratory
of Analytical Chemistry, Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Biskopsgatan 8, FI-20500 Åbo, Finland
| | - Johan Bobacka
- Laboratory
of Analytical Chemistry, Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Biskopsgatan 8, FI-20500 Åbo, Finland
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20
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Hu J, Stein A, Bühlmann P. Rational design of all-solid-state ion-selective electrodes and reference electrodes. Trends Analyt Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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21
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Ghahraman Afshar M, Crespo GA, Bakker E. Coulometric Calcium Pump for Thin Layer Sample Titrations. Anal Chem 2015; 87:10125-30. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b02856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Majid Ghahraman Afshar
- Department
of Inorganic and
Analytical Chemistry, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Gastón A. Crespo
- Department
of Inorganic and
Analytical Chemistry, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Eric Bakker
- Department
of Inorganic and
Analytical Chemistry, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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22
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Peshkova MA, Koltashova ES, Khripoun GA, Mikhelson KN. Improvement of the upper limit of the ISE Nernstian response by tuned galvanostatic polarization. Electrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.03.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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23
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Solvent polymeric membrane ion-selective electrodes under galvanostatic control: Powerful tool for analysis of extremely diluted samples. Electrochim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2013.03.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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24
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Zou XU, Bühlmann P. Current Pulse Based Reference Electrodes Without Liquid Junctions. Anal Chem 2013; 85:3817-21. [DOI: 10.1021/ac400507j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xu U. Zou
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street South East, Minneapolis,
Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Philippe Bühlmann
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street South East, Minneapolis,
Minnesota 55455, United States
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25
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Ivanova NM, Levin MB, Mikhelson KN. Problems and prospects of solid contact ion-selective electrodes with ionophore-based membranes. Russ Chem Bull 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-012-0136-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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26
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Ghahraman Afshar M, Crespo GA, Bakker E. Direct Ion Speciation Analysis with Ion-Selective Membranes Operated in a Sequential Potentiometric/Time Resolved Chronopotentiometric Sensing Mode. Anal Chem 2012; 84:8813-21. [DOI: 10.1021/ac302092m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Majid Ghahraman Afshar
- Department of Inorganic
and Analytical Chemistry, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, CH-1211
Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Gastón A. Crespo
- Department of Inorganic
and Analytical Chemistry, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, CH-1211
Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Eric Bakker
- Department of Inorganic
and Analytical Chemistry, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, CH-1211
Geneva, Switzerland
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27
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Ion amperometry at the interface between two immiscible electrolyte solutions in view of realizing the amperometric ion-selective electrode. Talanta 2012; 63:21-32. [PMID: 18969401 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2003.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2003] [Revised: 11/07/2003] [Accepted: 11/18/2003] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This article reviews the development in ion amperometry at the interface between two immiscible electrolyte solutions (ITIES) in view of realizing the amperometric ion-selective electrode (ISE). The concept of polarizability of ITIES in a multi-ion system is outlined. Principle aspects of ion amperometry at ITIES are discussed including the use of amperometry as a tool for the clarification of the ion sensing mechanism, and for determining the concentrations of ions in the solution. The reference is made to recent amperometric measurements at the supported liquid membrane (SLM) and polymer composite liquid membranes (PCLM), which, together with the micro-hole supported ITIES, appear to be particularly suitable for realization of the amperometric ISE.
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28
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Skórska L, Michalska A, Wojciechowski M, Bulska E, Maksymiuk K. Estimation of primary silver ions contents in poly(vinyl chloride) ion-selective membranes using chronopotentiometry and mass spectrometry. Electrochim Acta 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2011.12.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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29
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Ramanjaneyulu PS, Kumar AN, Sayi YS, Ramakumar KL, Nayak SK, Chattopadhyay S. A new ion selective electrode for cesium (I) based on calix[4]arene-crown-6 compounds. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2012; 205-206:81-88. [PMID: 22260754 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2011] [Revised: 12/03/2011] [Accepted: 12/06/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A polyvinylchloride (PVC) based liquid membrane ion selective electrode (ISE) for cesium has been developed. 25,27-Dihydroxycalix[4]arene-crown-6 (L1), 5,11,17,23-tetra-tert-butyl-25,27-dimethoxycalix[4]arene-crown-6 (L2) and 25,27-bis(1-octyloxy)calix[4]arene-crown-6 (L3) were investigated for their use as ionophores. The cation exchange resin DOWEX-50W was used to maintain low activity Cs+ in inner filling solution to improve the performance. The best response for cesium was observed with L3 along with optimized membrane constituents and composition. Excellent Nernstian response (56.6 mV/decade of Cs(I)) over the concentration range 10(-7) to 10(-2)M of Cs(I) was obtained with a fast response time of less than 10s. Detection limit for Cs(I) using the present ISE is 8.48×10(-8) M Cs(I). Separate solution method (SSM) was applied to ascertain the selectivity for Cs(I) over alkali, alkaline earth and transition metal ions. The response of ISE for Cs(I) was fairly constant over the pH range of 4-11. The lifetime of the electrode is 10 months which is the highest life for any membrane based Cs-ISE so far developed. The concentration of cesium ion in two simulated high level active waste streams was determined and results agreed well with those obtained independently employing AAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Ramanjaneyulu
- Radioanalytical Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400094, India
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30
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Lisak G, Sokalski T, Bobacka J, Harju L, Mikhelson K, Lewenstam A. Tuned galvanostatic polarization of solid-state lead-selective electrodes for lowering of the detection limit. Anal Chim Acta 2011; 707:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2011] [Revised: 09/10/2011] [Accepted: 09/13/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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31
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Cheng C, Tian X, Guo Y, Li Y, Yuan H, Xiao D. Large enhancement of sensitivity and a wider working range of glass pH electrode with amperometric and potentiometric responses. Electrochim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2011.08.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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32
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Lindfors T, Höfler L, Jágerszki G, Gyurcsányi RE. Hyphenated FT-IR-Attenuated Total Reflection and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Technique to Study the Water Uptake and Potential Stability of Polymeric Solid-Contact Ion-Selective Electrodes. Anal Chem 2011; 83:4902-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ac200597b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tom Lindfors
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Process Chemistry Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Biskopsgatan 8, FI-20500 Åbo, Finland
- Academy of Finland, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lajos Höfler
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111 Budapest, Szt. Gellért tér 4, Hungary
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Michigan, 930 N. University, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Gyula Jágerszki
- Research Group of Technical Analytical Chemistry of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-1111 Budapest, Szt. Gellért tér 4, Hungary
| | - Róbert E. Gyurcsányi
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111 Budapest, Szt. Gellért tér 4, Hungary
- Research Group of Technical Analytical Chemistry of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-1111 Budapest, Szt. Gellért tér 4, Hungary
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33
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Pawłowski P, Kisiel A, Michalska A, Maksymiuk K. Potentiometric responses of ion-selective electrodes after galvanostatically controlled incorporation of primary ions. Talanta 2011; 84:814-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2010] [Revised: 02/02/2011] [Accepted: 02/14/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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34
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Messerli MA, Smith PJS. Construction, theory, and practical considerations for using self-referencing of Ca(2+)-selective microelectrodes for monitoring extracellular Ca(2+) gradients. Methods Cell Biol 2011; 99:91-111. [PMID: 21035684 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-374841-6.00004-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
Ca(2+) signaling in the extra- and intracellular domains is linked to Ca(2+) transport across the plasma membrane. Noninvasive monitoring of these resulting extracellular Ca(2+) gradients with self-referencing of Ca(2+)-selective microelectrodes is used for studying Ca(2+) signaling across Kingdoms. The quantitated Ca(2+) flux enables comparison with changes to intracellular [Ca(2+)] measured with other methods and determination of Ca(2+) transport stoichiometry. Here, we review the construction of Ca(2+)-selective microelectrodes, their physical characteristics, and their use in self-referencing mode to calculate Ca(2+) flux. We also discuss potential complications when using them to measure Ca(2+) gradients near the boundary layers of single cells and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Messerli
- BioCurrents Research Center, Cellular Dynamics Program, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA
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35
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Peshkova MA, Mikhel’son KN. Ion-selective electrodes under galvanostatic polarization conditions. RUSS J ELECTROCHEM+ 2010. [DOI: 10.1134/s1023193510110054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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36
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Lindfors T, Szücs J, Sundfors F, Gyurcsányi RE. Polyaniline Nanoparticle-Based Solid-Contact Silicone Rubber Ion-Selective Electrodes for Ultratrace Measurements. Anal Chem 2010; 82:9425-32. [DOI: 10.1021/ac102099p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tom Lindfors
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Process Chemistry Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Biskopsgatan 8, FI-20500 Åbo, Finland, Academy of Finland, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111 Budapest, Szt. Gellért tér 4, Hungary, Research Group of Technical Analytical Chemistry of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-1111 Budapest, Szt. Gellért tér 4, Hungary
| | - Júlia Szücs
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Process Chemistry Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Biskopsgatan 8, FI-20500 Åbo, Finland, Academy of Finland, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111 Budapest, Szt. Gellért tér 4, Hungary, Research Group of Technical Analytical Chemistry of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-1111 Budapest, Szt. Gellért tér 4, Hungary
| | - Fredrik Sundfors
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Process Chemistry Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Biskopsgatan 8, FI-20500 Åbo, Finland, Academy of Finland, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111 Budapest, Szt. Gellért tér 4, Hungary, Research Group of Technical Analytical Chemistry of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-1111 Budapest, Szt. Gellért tér 4, Hungary
| | - Róbert E. Gyurcsányi
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Process Chemistry Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Biskopsgatan 8, FI-20500 Åbo, Finland, Academy of Finland, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111 Budapest, Szt. Gellért tér 4, Hungary, Research Group of Technical Analytical Chemistry of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-1111 Budapest, Szt. Gellért tér 4, Hungary
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37
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Ramanjaneyulu PS, Singh P, Sayi YS, Chawla HM, Ramakumar KL. Ion selective electrode for cesium based on 5-(4'-nitrophenylazo)25,27-bis(2-propyloxy)26,28-dihydroxycalix[4]arene. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2010; 175:1031-1036. [PMID: 19942345 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.10.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2009] [Revised: 10/26/2009] [Accepted: 10/28/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A polyvinylchloride (PVC) based liquid membrane ion selective electrode (ISE) for cesium was fabricated with 5-(4'-nitrophenylazo)25,27-bis(2-propyloxy)26,28-dihydroxycalix[4]arene as ionophore. Different membrane constituents were investigated to realise optimum performance of the ISE developed. Of the four plasticizers and two ion additives studied, the best response was observed with membrane having 2-nitro phenyl octyl ether (oNPOE) as plasticizer and potassium tetrakis (perchloro phenyl) borate (KTpClPB) as ion additive. Linear response over concentration range of 10(-5)-10(-1)M CsCl was obtained. The Nernstian slope of the response was 56 mV per decade for Cs with a response time less than 20s. Matched potential method has been applied to find out the selectivity for Cs over several ions like Rb(+), K(+), Na(+), NH(4)(+), Sr(2+), Ba(2+), Ca(2+), Mg(2+), Cu(2+), Pb(2+), Zn(2+), Ni(2+) and Ce(3+). The response of ISE for Cs(+) was fairly constant over the pH range of 3-11. The lifetime of the electrode is 9 months which is the longest life for any membrane-based Cs-ISE so far developed. The concentration of cesium in two simulated high level active waste streams was determined and results agreed well with those obtained independently employing atomic absorption spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Ramanjaneyulu
- Radioanalytical Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400085, India
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38
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Mikhelson KN. Ion-selective electrodes with sensitivity in strongly diluted solutions. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2010. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934810020024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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39
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Zook JM, Lindner E. Reverse current pulse method to restore uniform concentration profiles in ion-selective membranes. 1. Galvanostatic pulse methods with decreased cycle time. Anal Chem 2009; 81:5146-54. [PMID: 19459603 DOI: 10.1021/ac801984d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The applications of ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) have been broadened through the introduction of galvanostatic current pulse methods in potentiometric analysis. An important requirement in these applications is the restoration of the uniform equilibrium concentration profiles in the ISE membrane between each measurement. The simplest restoration method is zero-current relaxation, in which the membrane relaxes under open-circuit conditions in a diffusion-controlled process. This paper presents a novel restoration method using a reverse current pulse. An analytic model for this restoration method is derived to predict the concentration profiles inside ISE membranes following galvanostatic current pulses. This model allows the calculation of the voltage transients as the membrane voltage relaxes back toward its zero-current equilibrium value. The predicted concentration profiles and voltage transients are confirmed using spectroelectrochemical microscopy (SpECM). The reverse current restoration method described in this paper reduces the voltage drift and voltage error by 10-100 times compared to the zero-current restoration method. Therefore, this new method provides faster and more reproducible voltage measurements in most chronopotentiometric ISE applications, such as improving the detection limit and determining concentrations and diffusion coefficients of membrane species. One limitation of the reverse current restoration method is that it cannot be used in a few applications that require background electrolyte loaded membranes without excess of lipophilic cation exchanger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin M Zook
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Memphis, 330 Engineering Technology Building, Memphis, Tennessee 38152, USA
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40
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Ding J, Qin W. Current-Driven Ion Fluxes of Polymeric Membrane Ion-Selective Electrode for Potentiometric Biosensing. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:14640-1. [DOI: 10.1021/ja906723h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiawang Ding
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research for Sustainable Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, P. R. China, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, P. R. China, and Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Wei Qin
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research for Sustainable Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, P. R. China, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, P. R. China, and Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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41
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Lindner E, Tóth K. To the Memory of Ernő Pungor: A Subjective View on the History of Ion-Selective Electrodes. ELECTROANAL 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200904624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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42
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Memory Effects of Ion-Selective Electrodes: Theory and Computer Simulation of the Time-Dependent Potential Response to Multiple Sample Changes. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2009; 633:137-145. [PMID: 20376292 DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2009.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A straightforward theoretical description of the time-dependent response of ion-selective membrane electrodes to multiple sample changes is presented. The derivation makes use of an approximation for the ion fluxes in the membrane, and of the superposition of partial fluxes induced by the step-changes. The general theory allows for any number of samples and ions. It is applied for the analysis of memory effects that reflect the influence of preceding samples on subsequent measurements. Various phenomena are discussed, including super-, near-, or sub-nernstian responses, shifts of apparent reference potentials, and potential dips with domains of reversed slopes. The theoretical results agree well with virtual experiments based on computer simulation.
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43
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Höfler L, Bedlechowicz I, Vigassy T, Gyurcsányi RE, Bakker E, Pretsch E. Limitations of current polarization for lowering the detection limit of potentiometric polymeric membrane sensors. Anal Chem 2009; 81:3592-9. [PMID: 19338286 DOI: 10.1021/ac802588j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Ion fluxes across polymeric ion-selective membranes are a decisive parameter dictating the lower detection limit of potentiometric ion sensors. An applied current was earlier proposed to counteract such fluxes and reduce the detection limit to ultratrace levels. So far, however, the method has not been used in practical situations since the correct current amplitude requires prior knowledge of the sample composition. This paper explores the use of the stir effect to evaluate the optimal current by theory and experiments. It is shown that the traditionally used steady-state model assuming a uniform distribution of ion exchanger in the membrane, fixed with time, violates the electroneutrality condition. A modified steady-state model is introduced that allows for a concentration tilt of the ion exchanger and predicts that a stir effect can indeed be utilized to find the optimal current. Ideally, by choosing the optimal current and very long measurement times, the thermodynamic detection limit might be obtained. However, in practice the stir effect declines at low concentrations and the conditions are far from steady state. Therefore, the improvement of the lower detection limit achievable by galvanostatic control is only about 1 order of magnitude. A numerical finite-difference approximation is shown to trace the experimental potential responses of silver-selective electrodes well and to reproduce the stir effect adequately, even for different conditioning protocols. The stir effect is successfully used to improve the detection limit of electrodes with ill-optimized inner solutions; however, significant improvements beyond what is commonly feasible by chemical optimization does not seem to be easily achievable. The results indicate that with conventional membranes the possibility of improving the detection limit by current polarization is much more limited than assumed so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lajos Höfler
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
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44
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Sundfors F, Lindfors T, Höfler L, Bereczki R, Gyurcsányi RE. FTIR-ATR Study of Water Uptake and Diffusion through Ion-Selective Membranes Based on Poly(acrylates) and Silicone Rubber. Anal Chem 2009; 81:5925-34. [DOI: 10.1021/ac900727w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik Sundfors
- Process Chemistry Centre, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Åbo Akademi University, Biskopsgatan 8, FI-20500 Åbo/Turku, Finland, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111 Budapest, Szt. Gellért tér 4, Hungary, and Research Group of Technical Analytical Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111 Budapest, Szt. Gellért tér 4, Hungary
| | - Tom Lindfors
- Process Chemistry Centre, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Åbo Akademi University, Biskopsgatan 8, FI-20500 Åbo/Turku, Finland, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111 Budapest, Szt. Gellért tér 4, Hungary, and Research Group of Technical Analytical Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111 Budapest, Szt. Gellért tér 4, Hungary
| | - Lajos Höfler
- Process Chemistry Centre, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Åbo Akademi University, Biskopsgatan 8, FI-20500 Åbo/Turku, Finland, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111 Budapest, Szt. Gellért tér 4, Hungary, and Research Group of Technical Analytical Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111 Budapest, Szt. Gellért tér 4, Hungary
| | - Róbert Bereczki
- Process Chemistry Centre, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Åbo Akademi University, Biskopsgatan 8, FI-20500 Åbo/Turku, Finland, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111 Budapest, Szt. Gellért tér 4, Hungary, and Research Group of Technical Analytical Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111 Budapest, Szt. Gellért tér 4, Hungary
| | - Róbert E. Gyurcsányi
- Process Chemistry Centre, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Åbo Akademi University, Biskopsgatan 8, FI-20500 Åbo/Turku, Finland, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111 Budapest, Szt. Gellért tér 4, Hungary, and Research Group of Technical Analytical Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111 Budapest, Szt. Gellért tér 4, Hungary
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45
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Zook JM, Lindner E. Reverse Current Pulse Method To Restore Uniform Concentration Profiles in Ion-Selective Membranes. 2. Comparison of the Efficiency of the Different Protocols. Anal Chem 2009; 81:5155-64. [DOI: 10.1021/ac802065h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Justin M. Zook
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Memphis, 330 Engineering Technology Building, Memphis, Tennessee 38152
| | - Ernő Lindner
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Memphis, 330 Engineering Technology Building, Memphis, Tennessee 38152
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46
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Zook JM, Langmaier J, Lindner E. Current-polarized ion-selective membranes: The influence of plasticizer and lipophilic background electrolyte on concentration profiles, resistance, and voltage transients. SENSORS AND ACTUATORS. B, CHEMICAL 2009; 136:410-418. [PMID: 20161192 PMCID: PMC2728498 DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2008.12.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Lipophilic background electrolytes consisting of a lipophilic cation and a lipophilic anion, such as tetradodecylammonium tetrakis(4-chlorophenyl) borate (ETH 500), or bis(triphenylphosphoranylidene) ammonium tetrakis[3,5bis(trifluoromethyl) phenyl] borate (BTPPATFPB) are incorporated into the membranes of ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) to improve the detection limit and selectivity of the electrodes and decrease the resistance of the sensing membrane. In this work, spectroelectrochemical microscopy (SpECM) is used in conjunction with chronopotentiometry to quantify the effects of a lipophilic background electrolyte on the concentration profiles induced inside current-polarized membranes and on the measured voltage transients in chronopotentiometric experiments. In agreement with the theoretical model, the lipophilic background electrolyte incorporated into o-NPOE or DOS plasticized membranes decreases the membrane resistance and thus the contribution of migration in the overall transport across ion-selective membranes. Consequently, it has a significant influence on the changing concentration profiles of the ion-ionophore complex during chronopotentiometric experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin M. Zook
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
| | - Jan Langmaier
- J. Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Ernő Lindner
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
- 330 Engineering Technology, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, , ,
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47
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Mikhel’son KN. Electrochemical sensors based on ionophores: Current state, trends, and prospects. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2009. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363208120268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Lai CZ, Joyer MM, Fierke MA, Petkovich ND, Stein A, Bühlmann P. Subnanomolar Detection Limit Application of Ion-Selective Electrodes with Three-Dimensionally Ordered Macroporous (3DOM) Carbon Solid Contacts. J Solid State Electrochem 2009; 13:123-128. [PMID: 20046876 PMCID: PMC2795580 DOI: 10.1007/s10008-008-0579-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Solid-contact ion-selective electrodes (SC-ISEs) can exhibit very low detection limits and, in contrast to conventional ISEs, do not require an optimization of the inner filling solution. This work shows that subnanomolar detection limits can also be achieved with SC-ISEs with three-dimensionally ordered macroporous (3DOM) carbon contacts, which have been shown recently to exhibit excellent long-term stabilities and good resistance to the interferences from oxygen and light. The detection limit of 3DOM carbon-contacted electrodes with plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) as membrane matrix can be improved with a high polymer content of the sensing membrane, a large ratio of ionophore and ionic sites, and conditioning with a low concentration of analyte ions. This permits detection limits as low as 1.6×10(-7) M for K(+) and 4.0×10(-11) M for Ag(+).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Ze Lai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55455
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Ding J, Qin W. Potentiometric sensing of butyrylcholinesterase based on in situ generation and detection of substrates. Chem Commun (Camb) 2009:971-3. [DOI: 10.1039/b817064a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Peshkova MA, Sokalski T, Mikhelson KN, Lewenstam A. Obtaining Nernstian Response of a Ca2+-Selective Electrode in a Broad Concentration Range by Tuned Galvanostatic Polarization. Anal Chem 2008; 80:9181-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ac8013143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria A. Peshkova
- Chemical Faculty, c/o St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskij Pr. 26, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia, and Process Chemistry Centre, c/o Centre for Process Analytical Chemistry and Sensor Technology “ProSens” and Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Åbo Akademi University, Biskopsgatan 8, FIN-20500 Åbo/Turku, Finland
| | - Tomasz Sokalski
- Chemical Faculty, c/o St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskij Pr. 26, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia, and Process Chemistry Centre, c/o Centre for Process Analytical Chemistry and Sensor Technology “ProSens” and Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Åbo Akademi University, Biskopsgatan 8, FIN-20500 Åbo/Turku, Finland
| | - Konstantin N. Mikhelson
- Chemical Faculty, c/o St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskij Pr. 26, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia, and Process Chemistry Centre, c/o Centre for Process Analytical Chemistry and Sensor Technology “ProSens” and Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Åbo Akademi University, Biskopsgatan 8, FIN-20500 Åbo/Turku, Finland
| | - Andrzej Lewenstam
- Chemical Faculty, c/o St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskij Pr. 26, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia, and Process Chemistry Centre, c/o Centre for Process Analytical Chemistry and Sensor Technology “ProSens” and Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Åbo Akademi University, Biskopsgatan 8, FIN-20500 Åbo/Turku, Finland
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