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Keshavarz R, Babaeipour V, Mohammadpour-Aghdam M, Deldar AA. Overexpression, overproduction, purification, and characterization of rhGH in Escherichia coli. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2020; 68:122-135. [PMID: 32092174 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Overexpression of insoluble human growth hormone (hGH) in cytoplasm was achieved by E. coli Rosetta-gami B(DE3) [pET21a (+)-hGH]). For overexpression of hGH, effects of eight factors including temperature, type and concentration of carbon source, IPTG and MgSO4 , buffering capacity, induction time, yeast extract/peptone ratio on rhGH production were studied by Plackett-Burman screening. Maximum production of rhGH was 0.681 g/L, and results of statistical analysis showed that induction temperature and glucose have the greatest effect and the presence of MgSO4 increases rhGH expression and reduces biomass concentration. So, the effect of ethanol and MgSO4 concentrations on the rhGH production was examined according to the central composite experimental design. The ANOVA of the results showed rhGH production increases to 1.128 g/L in 4 g/L MgSO4 and 1% ethanol. Then, the impact of glucose concentration and induction time on the rhGH production was evaluated in two levels in the fermenter by Taguchi statistical method. Under optimum conditions, OD600nm 4 and 10 g/L glucose crude rhGH concentration 4.17 g/L was obtained, which is one of the highest value ever reported. Finally, rhGH was purified using the biophysical and biochemical techniques comprising circular dichroism, fluorescent spectroscopy, and dynamic light scattering, and it was confirmed that the produced protein is comparable to the commercial standard sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reyhane Keshavarz
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Malek Ashtar University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Valiollah Babaeipour
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Malek Ashtar University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ali Asghar Deldar
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Malek Ashtar University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
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2
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Mourão A, Bonnal S, Soni K, Warner L, Bordonné R, Valcárcel J, Sattler M. Structural basis for the recognition of spliceosomal SmN/B/B' proteins by the RBM5 OCRE domain in splicing regulation. eLife 2016; 5:14707. [PMID: 27894420 PMCID: PMC5127646 DOI: 10.7554/elife.14707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The multi-domain splicing factor RBM5 regulates the balance between antagonistic isoforms of the apoptosis-control genes FAS/CD95, Caspase-2 and AID. An OCRE (OCtamer REpeat of aromatic residues) domain found in RBM5 is important for alternative splicing regulation and mediates interactions with components of the U4/U6.U5 tri-snRNP. We show that the RBM5 OCRE domain adopts a unique β–sheet fold. NMR and biochemical experiments demonstrate that the OCRE domain directly binds to the proline-rich C-terminal tail of the essential snRNP core proteins SmN/B/B’. The NMR structure of an OCRE-SmN peptide complex reveals a specific recognition of poly-proline helical motifs in SmN/B/B’. Mutation of conserved aromatic residues impairs binding to the Sm proteins in vitro and compromises RBM5-mediated alternative splicing regulation of FAS/CD95. Thus, RBM5 OCRE represents a poly-proline recognition domain that mediates critical interactions with the C-terminal tail of the spliceosomal SmN/B/B’ proteins in FAS/CD95 alternative splicing regulation. The information required to produce proteins is encoded within genes. In the first step of creating a protein, its gene is “transcribed” to form a pre-messenger RNA molecule (called pre-mRNA for short). Both the gene and the pre-mRNA contain regions called exons that code for protein, and regions called introns that do not. The pre-mRNA therefore undergoes a process called splicing to remove the introns and join the exons together into a final mRNA molecule that is “translated” to make the protein. Many pre-mRNAs can be spliced in several different ways to include different combinations of exons in the final mRNA molecule. This process of “alternative splicing” allows different versions of a protein to be produced from the same gene. Changes that alter the pattern of alternative splicing in a cell affect various cellular and developmental processes and have been linked to diseases such as cancer. The pre-mRNA transcribed from a gene called FAS can be alternatively spliced so that it either does or does not contain an exon that enables the protein to embed itself in the cell membrane. The protein produced from mRNA that includes this exon generates a cell response that leads to cell death. By contrast, protein produced from mRNA that lacks this exon is released from cells and promotes their survival. A splicing factor called RBM5 promotes the removal of this exon from FAS pre-mRNA. RBM5 binds to some of the proteins that make up the molecular machine that splices pre-mRNA molecules. Mourão, Bonnal, Soni, Warner et al. have now used a technique called nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to solve the three-dimensional structure formed when RBM5 binds to one of these proteins, called SmN. Further experiments introduced specific mutations to the proteins to investigate their effects in human cells. This revealed that mutations that impaired the association between RBM5 and SmN compromised the activity of RBM5 to regulate the alternative splicing of FAS pre-mRNA molecules. Future research could examine how RBM5 associates with pre-mRNAs and other components of the splicing machinery, and investigate whether proteins that are closely related to RBM5 act in similar ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Mourão
- Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.,Biomolecular NMR and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich, Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | - Sophie Bonnal
- Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology and Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Centre de Regulació Genòmica, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Komal Soni
- Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.,Biomolecular NMR and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich, Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | - Lisa Warner
- Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.,Biomolecular NMR and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich, Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | - Rémy Bordonné
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, CNRS-UMR5535, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Juan Valcárcel
- Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology and Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Centre de Regulació Genòmica, Barcelona, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Michael Sattler
- Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.,Biomolecular NMR and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich, Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
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Owen GR, Channell JA, Forsyth VT, Haertlein M, Mitchell EP, Capovilla A, Papathanasopoulos M, Cerutti NM. Human CD4 Metastability Is a Function of the Allosteric Disulfide Bond in Domain 2. Biochemistry 2016; 55:2227-37. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.6b00154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gavin R. Owen
- HIV
Pathogenesis Research Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine and Haematology,
Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7
York Road, Parktown, 2193, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Jennifer A. Channell
- Faculty
of Natural Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, United Kingdom
- Life
Sciences Group, Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38042, Grenoble, France
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38042, Grenoble, France
| | - V. Trevor Forsyth
- Faculty
of Natural Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, United Kingdom
- Life
Sciences Group, Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38042, Grenoble, France
| | - Michael Haertlein
- Life
Sciences Group, Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38042, Grenoble, France
| | - Edward P. Mitchell
- Faculty
of Natural Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, United Kingdom
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38042, Grenoble, France
| | - Alexio Capovilla
- HIV
Pathogenesis Research Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine and Haematology,
Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7
York Road, Parktown, 2193, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Maria Papathanasopoulos
- HIV
Pathogenesis Research Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine and Haematology,
Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7
York Road, Parktown, 2193, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Nichole M. Cerutti
- HIV
Pathogenesis Research Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine and Haematology,
Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7
York Road, Parktown, 2193, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Ganapathy M, Chakravarthi M, Charles SJ, Harunipriya P, Jaiganesh S, Subramonian N, Kaliraj P. Immunodiagnostic Properties of Wucheraria bancrofti SXP-1, a Potential Filarial Diagnostic Candidate Expressed in Tobacco Plant, Nicotiana tabacum. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2015; 176:1889-903. [PMID: 26043851 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-015-1685-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Transgenic tobacco plants were developed expressing WbSXP-1, a diagnostic antigen isolated from the cDNA library of L3 stage larvae of Wucheraria bancrofti. This antigen produced by recombinant Escherichia coli has been demonstrated by to be successful as potential diagnostic candidate against lymphatic filariasis. A rapid format simple and qualitative flow through immune-filtration diagnostic kit has been developed for the identification of IgG antibodies to the recombinant WbSXP-1 and is being marketed by M/S Span Diagnostics Ltd in India and Africa. Here, we present the results of experiments on the transformation and expression of the same filarial antigen, WbSXP-1, in tobacco plant, Nicotiana tabacum, to produce plant-based diagnostic antigen. It was possible to successfully transform the tobacco plant with WbSXP-1, the integration of the parasite-specific gene in plants was confirmed by PCR amplification and the expression of the filarial protein by Western blotting. The immunoreactivity of the plant-produced WbSXP-1 was assessed based on its reaction with the monoclonal antibodies developed against the E. coli-produced protein. Immunological screening using clinical sera from patients indicates that the plant-produced protein is comparable to E. coli-produced diagnostic antigen. The result demonstrated that plants can be used as suitable expression systems for the production of diagnostic proteins against lymphatic filariasis, a neglected tropical infectious disease which has a negative impact on socioeconomic development. This is the first report of the integration, expression and efficacy of a diagnostic candidate of lymphatic filariasis in plants.Key MessageTransgenic tobacco plants with WbSXP-1, a filarial diagnostic candidate, were developed. The plant-produced protein showed immunoreactivity on par with the E. coli product.
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Khalili M, Soleyman MR, Baazm M, Beyer C. High-level expression and purification of soluble bioactive recombinant human heparin-binding epidermal growth factor in Escherichia coli. Cell Biol Int 2015; 39:858-64. [PMID: 25712700 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Heparin-binding epidermal growth factor (HB-EGF) is a member of highly conserved superfamily of proteins that has potential mitogenic activity and stimulates differentiation and migration of various cell types. Since HB-EGF has three intra-molecular disulfide bonds, a high expression pattern of active HB-EGF in an E. coli expression system was not successfully established. The aim of this study was to increase production of soluble bioactive recombinant human HB-EGF in E. coli by modifying growth conditions and codon optimization. The open reading frame codons of human HB-EGF were optimized to achieve high level expression in E. coli. The optimized codon was amplified, cloned into plasmid pET-32a, and transformed into E. coli BL21 for further expression. The cultivation parameters (temperature and inducer) were optimized to produce a high yield of soluble HB-EGF. The fusion protein was purified by Nickel-nitrilotriacetic acid (Ni-NTA) affinity chromatography. Amethylthiazole tetrazolium assay was used to evaluate the bioactivity of the produced recombinant protein. After codon optimization, the codon adaptation index (CAI) was increased from 0.255 in native gene to 0.829 using the optimized sequence. By lowering the temperature to 22°C and the inducer to 0.4 μM, we obtained 35% soluble expression of recombinant and biologically active human HB-EGF. Our data demonstrate that codon optimization increases the yield of HB-EGF in an E. coli expression system. Furthermore, the chosen modifications in cell culturing increase the solubility of recombinant human HB-EGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Khalili
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Soleyman
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Maryam Baazm
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Cordian Beyer
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Medical Clinic, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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Kong B, Guo GL. Soluble expression of disulfide bond containing proteins FGF15 and FGF19 in the cytoplasm of Escherichia coli. PLoS One 2014; 9:e85890. [PMID: 24465767 PMCID: PMC3896424 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) is the human ortholog of mouse FGF15, and both proteins function as an endocrine signal to regulate various liver functions. FGF15/FGF19 protein contains two disulfide bonds. It is unfavorable to form disulfide bonds in Escherichia coli (E. coli) cytoplasm because of the bacterial cytoplasmic reducing environment. Modification of the cytoplasmic reducing environment and/or co-expression of protein chaperones are common strategies to express disulfide bond containing proteins in E. coli. In the current study, we report a method to produce soluble FGF15/FGF19 protein in cytoplasm of E. coli. Several commercial available strains with the disruption of thiol-redox pathways, and/or co-expression of redoxase or refolding chaperones were used to develop this novel method for expression of FGF15/FGF19 in E. coli. Mutation of the thiol-disulfide bond reducing pathway in E. coli or N-terminal fusion of thioredox (TRX) alone is not enough to support disulfide bond formation in FGF15/19 proteins. However, TRX fusion protein improved FGF19 solubility in strains of thiol-redox system mutants. In addition, DsbC co-expressed in thiol-redox system mutants alone improved and further enhanced FGF19 solubility with combination of TRX fusion tag. The soluble FGF19 proteins were easily purified through Ni-NTA affinity chromatography and anion exchange chromatography, and the purified protein maintained its biological activities, confirmed by suppressing hepatic Cyp7a1 gene transcription in mice and by activating ERK1/2 signaling pathway in HepG2 cells. In contrast, soluble FGF15 protein in cytoplasm remained very low using these strategies. In summary, we have successfully developed a method to express functional FGF19 protein in prokaryotic cells, and this strategy may be adapted for the expression of other disulfide-containing proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Kong
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Grace L. Guo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Rostamian M, Mousavy SJ, Ebrahimi F, Ghadami SA, Sheibani N, Minaei ME, Arefpour Torabi MA. Comparative study of immunological and structural properties of two recombinant vaccine candidates against botulinum neurotoxin type E. IRANIAN BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL 2012. [PMID: 23183617 DOI: 10.6091/ibj.1076.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT)-derived recombinant proteins have been suggested as potential botulism vaccines. Here, with concentrating on BoNT type E (BoNT/E), we studied two of these binding domain-based recombinant proteins: a multivalent chimer protein, which is composed of BoNT serotypes A, B and E binding subdomains, and a monovalent recombinant protein, which contains 93 amino acid residues from recombinant C-terminal heavy chain of BoNT/E (rBoNT/E-HCC). Both proteins have an identical region (48 aa) that contains one of the most important BoNT/E epitopes (YLTHMRD sequence). METHODS The recombinant protein efficiency in antibody production, their structural differences, and their BoNT/E-epitope location were compared by using ELISA, circular dichroism, computational modeling, and hydrophobicity predictions. RESULTS Immunological studies indicated that the antibody yield against rBoNT/E-HCC was higher than chimer protein. Cross ELISA confirmed that the antibodies against the chimer protein recognized rBoNT/E-HCC more efficiently. However, both antibody groups (anti-chimer and anti-rBoNT/E-HCC antibodies) were able to recognize other proteins. Structural studies with circular dichroism showed that chimer proteins have slightly more secondary structures than rBoNT/E-HCC. CONCLUSION The immunological results suggested that the above-mentioned identical region in rBoNT/E-HCC is more exposed. Circular dichroism, computational protein modeling and hydrophobicity predictions indicated a more exposed location for the identical region in rBoNT/E-HCC than the chimer protein, which is strongly in agreement with immunological results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mosayeb Rostamian
- Dept. of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Imam Hussein University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Seyed Jafar Mousavy
- Dept. of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Imam Hussein University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Firouz Ebrahimi
- Dept. of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Imam Hussein University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Seyyed Abolghasem Ghadami
- Dept. of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.,Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Science, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Nader Sheibani
- Dept. of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences and Pharmacology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
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Enhanced in vitro refolding of fibroblast growth factor 15 with the assistance of SUMO fusion partner. PLoS One 2011; 6:e20307. [PMID: 21655243 PMCID: PMC3105028 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0020307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2011] [Accepted: 04/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 15 (Fgf15) is the mouse orthologue of human FGF19. Fgf15 is highly expressed in the ileum and functions as an endocrine signal to regulate liver function, including bile acid synthesis, hepatocyte proliferation and insulin sensitivity. In order to fully understand the function of Fgf15, methods are needed to produce pure Fgf15 protein in the prokaryotic system. However, when expressed in Escherichia coli (E. coli), the recombinant Fgf15 protein was insoluble and found only in inclusion bodies. In the current study, we report a method to produce recombinant Fgf15 protein in E. coli through the use of small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) fusion tag. Even though the SUMO has been shown to strongly improve protein solubility and expression levels, our studies suggest that the SUMO does not improve Fgf15 protein solubility. Instead, proper refolding of Fgf15 protein was achieved when Fgf15 was expressed as a partner protein of the fusion tag SUMO, followed by in vitro dialysis refolding. After refolding, the N-terminal SUMO tag was cleaved from the recombinant Fgf15 fusion protein by ScUlp1 (Ubiquitin-Like Protein-Specific Protease 1 from S. cerevisiae). With or without the SUMO tag, the refolded Fgf15 protein was biologically active, as revealed by its ability to reduce hepatic Cyp7a1 mRNA levels in mice. In addition, recombinant Fgf15 protein suppressed Cyp7a1 mRNA levels in a dose-dependent manner. In summary, we have developed a successful method to express functional Fgf15 protein in prokaryotic cells.
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Petty KJ. Metal-chelate affinity chromatography. CURRENT PROTOCOLS IN NEUROSCIENCE 2001; Chapter 5:Unit 5.10. [PMID: 18428493 DOI: 10.1002/0471142301.ns0510s05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant proteins engineered to have six consecutive histidine residues on either the amino or carboxy terminus can be purified using a resin containing nickel ions (Ni(2+)) that have been immobilized by covalently attached nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA). This technique is know as metal-chelate affinity chromatography and can be performed using either native or denatured protein. This unit presents protocols for expression of histidine-tail fusion proteins and their purification in either native or denatured form (along with procedures for renaturation by either dialysis or solid-phase renaturation). Also provided are procedures for analysis of the purified produce and regeneration of the NTA resin.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Petty
- Merck & Company, West Point, Pennsylvania, USA
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