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Newton JB, Nuss CA, Weiss SN, Betts RL, Soslowsky LJ. Novel application of in vivo microdialysis in a rat Achilles tendon acute injury model. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2024; 136:43-52. [PMID: 37969085 PMCID: PMC11212791 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00720.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2024] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Tendon injury and healing involve intricate changes to tissue metabolism, biology, and inflammation. Current techniques often require animal euthanasia or tissue destruction, limiting assessment of dynamic changes in tendon, including treatment response, disease development, rupture risk, and healing progression. Microdialysis, a minimally invasive technique, offers potential for longitudinal assessment, yet it has not been applied to rat tendon models. Therefore, the objective of this study is to adapt a novel application of an in vivo assay, microdialysis, using acute injury as a model for extreme disruption of the tendon homeostasis. We hypothesize that microdialysis will be able to detect measurable differences in the healing responses of acute injury with high specificity and sensitivity. Overall results suggest that microdialysis is a promising in vivo technique for longitudinal assessment for this system with strong correlations between extracellular fluid (ECF) and dialysate concentrations and reasonable recovery rates considering the limitations of this model. Strong positive correlations were found between dialysate and extracellular fluid (ECF) concentration for each target molecule of interest including metabolites, inflammatory mediators, and collagen synthesis and degradation byproducts. These results suggest that microdialysis is capable of detecting changes in tendon healing following acute tendon injury with high specificity and sensitivity. In summary, this is the first study to apply microdialysis to a rat tendon model and assess its efficacy as a direct measurement of tendon metabolism, biology, and inflammation.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study adapts a novel application of microdialysis to rat tendon models, offering a minimally invasive avenue for longitudinal tendon assessment. Successfully detecting changes in tendon healing after acute injury, it showcases strong correlations between extracellular fluid and dialysate concentrations. The results highlight the potential of microdialysis as a direct measure of tendon metabolism, biology, and inflammation, bypassing the need for animal euthanasia and tissue destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph B Newton
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Courtney A Nuss
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Stephanie N Weiss
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Rebecca L Betts
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Louis J Soslowsky
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
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2
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Pan K, Concannon K, Li J, Zhang J, Heymach JV, Le X. Emerging therapeutics and evolving assessment criteria for intracranial metastases in patients with oncogene-driven non-small-cell lung cancer. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2023; 20:716-732. [PMID: 37592034 PMCID: PMC10851171 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-023-00808-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
The improved survival outcomes of patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), largely owing to the improved control of systemic disease provided by immune-checkpoint inhibitors and novel targeted therapies, have highlighted the challenges posed by central nervous system (CNS) metastases as a devastating yet common complication, with up to 50% of patients developing such lesions during the course of the disease. Early-generation tyrosine-kinase inhibitors (TKIs) often provide robust systemic disease control in patients with oncogene-driven NSCLCs, although these agents are usually unable to accumulate to therapeutically relevant concentrations in the CNS owing to an inability to cross the blood-brain barrier. However, the past few years have seen a paradigm shift with the emergence of several novel or later-generation TKIs with improved CNS penetrance. Such agents have promising levels of activity against brain metastases, as demonstrated by data from preclinical and clinical studies. In this Review, we describe current preclinical and clinical evidence of the intracranial activity of TKIs targeting various oncogenic drivers in patients with NSCLC, with a focus on newer agents with enhanced CNS penetration, leptomeningeal disease and the need for intrathecal treatment options. We also discuss evolving assessment criteria and regulatory considerations for future clinical investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey Pan
- Department of Cancer Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kyle Concannon
- Department of Cancer Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - John V Heymach
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xiuning Le
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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3
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Lachance GP, Boisselier É, Boukadoum M, Miled A. Towards an advanced neurotechnological system: colorimetric sensing with a novel grism-based spectrometer, functionalized gold nanoparticles and a heterogeneous embedded system. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2022; 380:20210016. [PMID: 35658674 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2021.0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Neurotransmitter sensing in the brain is crucial for the understanding of neuro-degenerative diseases. Most modern methods for the purpose rely on bulky instruments or are disruptive to the neurotransmitter medium. In this work, we describe and evaluate the design of a novel, compact and non-invasive instrument for neurotransmitter detection based on the colorimetric sensing method. The instrument includes a grism-based spectrometer that measures the wavelength shift of gold nanoparticles that are functionalized with aptamers to act as neurotransmitter-specific markers. It also includes microfluidic and electronic subsystems for sample preparation and control, and processing of the obtained signal. The instrument is tested with gold nanoparticles and its performance is compared to that of a commercial instrument, showing that the designed prototype matches the commercial instrument in performance while being much smaller, and it can surpass it with further improvements. This article is part of the theme issue 'Advanced neurotechnologies: translating innovation for health and well-being'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel P Lachance
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Université Laval, Québec Canada
| | - Élodie Boisselier
- Department of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Université Laval, Québec Canada
| | - Mounir Boukadoum
- Department of Computer Science, Université du Québec À Montréal (UQÀM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Amine Miled
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Université Laval, Québec Canada
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4
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Tjahjono N, Jin Y, Hsu A, Roukes M, Tian L. Letting the little light of mind shine: Advances and future directions in neurochemical detection. Neurosci Res 2022; 179:65-78. [PMID: 34861294 PMCID: PMC9508992 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2021.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Synaptic transmission via neurochemical release is the fundamental process that integrates and relays encoded information in the brain to regulate physiological function, cognition, and emotion. To unravel the biochemical, biophysical, and computational mechanisms of signal processing, one needs to precisely measure the neurochemical release dynamics with molecular and cell-type specificity and high resolution. Here we reviewed the development of analytical, electrochemical, and fluorescence imaging approaches to detect neurotransmitter and neuromodulator release. We discussed the advantages and practicality in implementation of each technology for ease-of-use, flexibility for multimodal studies, and challenges for future optimization. We hope this review will provide a versatile guide for tool engineering and applications for recording neurochemical release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikki Tjahjono
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Group, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Yihan Jin
- Neuroscience Graduate Group, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, 95618, USA
| | - Alice Hsu
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Michael Roukes
- Department of Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Lin Tian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
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5
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Obray JD, Jang EY, Klomp AM, Small CA, Richardson AP, LeBaron JJ, Lee JG, Yorgason JT, Yang CH, Steffensen SC. The peripheral dopamine 2 receptor antagonist domperidone attenuates ethanol enhancement of dopamine levels in the nucleus accumbens. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2022; 46:396-409. [PMID: 35040146 PMCID: PMC8920780 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dopamine neuron firing in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens have been implicated in reward learning. Ethanol is known to increase both dopamine neuron firing in the VTA and dopamine levels in the nucleus accumbens. Despite this, some discrepancies exist between the dose of ethanol required to enhance firing in vivo and ex vivo. In the present study we investigated the effects of peripheral dopamine 2 subtype receptor antagonism on ethanol's effects on dopamine neurotransmission. METHODS Plasma catecholamine levels were assessed following ethanol administration across four different doses of EtOH. Microdialysis and voltammetry were used to assess the effects of domperidone pretreatment on ethanol-mediated increases in dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens. A place conditioning paradigm was used to assess conditioned preference for ethanol and whether domperidone pretreatment altered this preference. Open-field and loss-of-righting reflex paradigms were used to assess the effects of domperidone on ethanol-induced sedation. A rotarod apparatus was used to assess the effects of domperidone on ethanol-induced motor impairment. RESULTS Domperidone attenuated ethanol's enhancement of mesolimbic dopamine release under non-physiological conditions at intermediate (1.0 and 2.0 g/kg) doses of ethanol. Domperidone also decreased EtOH-induced sedation at 2.0 g/kg. Domperidone did not alter ethanol conditioned place preference nor did it affect ethanol-induced motor impairment. CONCLUSIONS These results show that peripheral dopamine 2 receptors mediate some of the effects of ethanol on nonphysiological dopamine neurotransmission, although these effects are not related to the rewarding properties of ethanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Daniel Obray
- Department of Psychology, Center for Neuroscience, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA,Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Eun Young Jang
- Department of Psychology, Center for Neuroscience, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA,Research Center for Convergence Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Anneke M. Klomp
- Department of Psychology, Center for Neuroscience, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - Christina A. Small
- Department of Psychology, Center for Neuroscience, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - Aaron P. Richardson
- Department of Psychology, Center for Neuroscience, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - Joshua J. LeBaron
- Department of Psychology, Center for Neuroscience, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - Jin Gyeom Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jordan T. Yorgason
- Department of Psychology, Center for Neuroscience, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - Chae Ha Yang
- College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Scott C. Steffensen
- Department of Psychology, Center for Neuroscience, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
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Deborne J, Pinaud N, Crémillieux Y. Proton MRS on sub-microliter volume in rat brain using implantable NMR microcoils. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2021; 34:e4578. [PMID: 34189772 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The use of miniaturized NMR receiver coils is an effective approach for improving detection sensitivity in studies using MRS and MRI. By optimizing the filling factor (the fraction of the coil occupied by the sample), and by increasing the RF magnetic field produced per unit current, the sensitivity gain offered by NMR microcoils is particularly interesting when small volumes or regions of interest are investigated. For in vivo studies, millimetric or sub-millimetric microcoils can be deployed in tissues to access regions of interest located at a certain depth. In this study, the implementation and application of a tissue-implantable NMR microcoil with a detection volume of 850 nL is described. The RF magnetic field generated by the microcoil was evaluated using a finite element method simulation and experimentally determined by high spatial resolution MRI acquisitions. The performance of the microcoil in terms of spectral resolution and limit of detection was measured at 7 T in vitro and in vivo in rodent brains. These performances were compared with those of a conventional external detection coil. Proton MR spectra were acquired in the cortex of rat brain. The concentrations of main metabolites were quantified and compared with reference values from the literature. In vitro and in vivo results obtained with the implantable microcoil showed a gain in sensitivity greater than 50 compared with detection using an external coil. In vivo proton spectra of diagnostic value were obtained from brain regions of a few hundred nanoliters. The similarities between spectra obtained with the implanted microcoil and those obtained with the external NMR coil highlight the minimally invasive nature of the coil implantation procedure. These implantable microcoils represent new tools for probing tissue metabolism in very small healthy or diseased regions using MRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Deborne
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Noël Pinaud
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Yannick Crémillieux
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
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Bachhav SS, Dighe V, Mali N, Gogtay NJ, Thatte UM, Devarajan PV. Nose-to-Brain Delivery of Diazepam from an Intranasal Aqua-Triggered In-Situ (ATIS) Gelling Microemulsion: Monitoring Brain Uptake by Microdialysis. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2020; 45:785-799. [PMID: 32813265 DOI: 10.1007/s13318-020-00641-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES An innovative intranasal aqua-triggered in-situ (ATIS) gel is a polymer-free in-situ gelling microemulsion which gels instantaneously on contact with minute quantities of water to form a mucoadhesive gel. The objective of the study was to develop ATIS diazepam (ATIS-diazepam) as an alternative to the injection for epileptic emergencies and evaluate its brain uptake and nose-to-brain targeting efficiency in rats. METHODS ATIS-diazepam (1 mg/100 µL) was prepared and characterized for in vitro formulation characteristics. An LC-MS/MS method was developed and validated for the bioanalysis of diazepam. In vivo studies for pharmacokinetics, brain uptake and nasal irritation of intranasal ATIS-diazepam were conducted in rats. Brain uptake was investigated with brain microdialysis, a highly sensitive technique enabling quantification of free drug, which correlates to efficacy. RESULTS ATIS-diazepam exhibited globule size < 200 nm, low viscosity, negative zeta potential and good stability. A significant increase in mucoadhesion was exhibited by ATIS-diazepam following the addition of a small quantity of water. ATIS-diazepam showed burst release in pH 6.4 with 50% diazepam release in ~ 10 min, which was sustained over 1 h. The absolute bioavailability was ~ 50% with both intranasal free-diazepam and ATIS-diazepam. Intranasal administration of ATIS-diazepam revealed immediate absorption with rapid and high brain extracellular fluid concentration compared to intravenous free-diazepam solution. The estimated direct transport potential and drug targeting efficiency of intranasal ATIS-diazepam was significantly higher (2-fold) than intranasal free-diazepam solution, which was attributed to the mucoadhesive and microemulsion properties of ATIS-diazepam. The nasal irritation study revealed the safety of ATIS-diazepam compared to free-diazepam solution. CONCLUSION Intranasal ATIS-diazepam showed promise of higher direct nose-to-brain targeting, better safety and hence has an immense implication in the treatment of epileptic emergencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagar S Bachhav
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, N.P. Marg, Matunga (E), Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400019, India
| | - Vikas Dighe
- National Center for Preclinical Reproductive and Genetic Toxicology, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (NIRRH), ICMR, J. M. Street, Parel, Mumbai, 400012, India
| | - Nitin Mali
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Seth GS Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Nithya J Gogtay
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Seth GS Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Urmila M Thatte
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Seth GS Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Padma V Devarajan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, N.P. Marg, Matunga (E), Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400019, India.
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8
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Wang Q, Ren T, Zhao J, Wong CH, Chan HYE, Zuo Z. Exclusion of unsuitable CNS drug candidates based on their physicochemical properties and unbound fractions in biomatrices for brain microdialysis investigations. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 178:112946. [PMID: 31727358 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.112946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Microdialysis has been the only direct method of continuously measuring the unbound drug concentrations in extracellular fluid at a specific brain region with respect to time in the same animal. However, not every compound is suitable for microdialysis system as demonstrated by their inconsistent "by gain" and "by loss" in-vitro microdialysis probe recoveries leading to over- or under- estimated in-vivo concentrations. Therefore, our current study was proposed aiming to develop simple exclusion criteria for drug candidates that are not suitable for microdialysis system investigation. Through literature research, the properties ((LogP, pKa, water solubility and unbound fraction in plasma and brain) of drugs that have been reported for microdialysis studies were summarized. The exclusion criteria were developed by evaluating the impact of such properties on the consistency of in-vitro "by gain" and "by loss" recoveries of microdialysis probe. As a result, forty-five compounds were identified from literatures, among which doxorubicin, docetaxel, omeprazole, donepezil and phenytoin were found to have inconsistent in-vitro "by gain" and "by loss" microdialysis probe recoveries and subsequently selected for the exclusion criteria analysis. It was found that compounds with limited water solubility (less than 1 g/L) and unbound fraction in plasma (fu,plasma less than 30%) and brain homogenate (fu,brain less than 10%) were more likely to have inconsistent "by gain" and "by loss" microdialysis probe recoveries. Our proposed exclusion criteria were further validated using carbamazepine (limited water solubility only), DB213 (limited fu,brain only) and piperine (both limited water solubility and limited fu,plasma, fu,brain). Our current proposed exclusion criteria will help excluding the CNS drug candidates that are highly unlikely suitable for brain microdialysis approach leading to a better success rate in brain microdialysis approach development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianwen Wang
- School of Pharmacy, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
| | - Tianjing Ren
- School of Pharmacy, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
| | - Jiajia Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
| | - Chun-Ho Wong
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
| | - H Y Edwin Chan
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong; Gerald Choa Neuroscience Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
| | - Zhong Zuo
- School of Pharmacy, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong.
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9
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Cofresí RU, Bartholow BD, Piasecki TM. Evidence for incentive salience sensitization as a pathway to alcohol use disorder. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 107:897-926. [PMID: 31672617 PMCID: PMC6878895 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The incentive salience sensitization (ISS) theory of addiction holds that addictive behavior stems from the ability of drugs to progressively sensitize the brain circuitry that mediates attribution of incentive salience (IS) to reward-predictive cues and its behavioral manifestations. In this article, we establish the plausibility of ISS as an etiological pathway to alcohol use disorder (AUD). We provide a comprehensive and critical review of evidence for: (1) the ability of alcohol to sensitize the brain circuitry of IS attribution and expression; and (2) attribution of IS to alcohol-predictive cues and its sensitization in humans and non-human animals. We point out gaps in the literature and how these might be addressed. We also highlight how individuals with different alcohol subjective response phenotypes may differ in susceptibility to ISS as a pathway to AUD. Finally, we discuss important implications of this neuropsychological mechanism in AUD for psychological and pharmacological interventions attempting to attenuate alcohol craving and cue reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto U Cofresí
- University of Missouri, Department of Psychological Sciences, Columbia, MO 65211, United States.
| | - Bruce D Bartholow
- University of Missouri, Department of Psychological Sciences, Columbia, MO 65211, United States
| | - Thomas M Piasecki
- University of Missouri, Department of Psychological Sciences, Columbia, MO 65211, United States
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10
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Fazari B, Ilieva Decheva C, González García V, Abdel-Hafiz L, Nikolaus S, Hollenberg CP, Huston JP, de Souza Silva MA, Mattern C. Intranasal pregnenolone increases acetylcholine in frontal cortex, hippocampus, and amygdala-Preferentially in the hemisphere ipsilateral to the injected nostril. J Neurochem 2019; 153:189-202. [PMID: 31755558 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study determined the effects of intranasal pregnenolone (IN-PREG) on acetylcholine (ACh) levels in selected areas of the rat brain, using in vivo microdialysis. Previous studies showed that PREG rapidly reaches the rodent brain after intranasal administration and that direct infusion of PREG and PREG-S into the basal forebrain modulates ACh release in frontal cortex, amygdala, and hippocampus. In the present study, we investigated the effects of IN-PREG on the cholinergic system in the rat brain. In the first experiment, IN-PREG (5.6 and 11.2 mg/ml) or vehicle was applied bilaterally, and we hypothesized that IN-PREG would increase ACh levels in amygdala, hippocampus, and frontal cortex, relative to baseline and vehicle. Dialysate was collected for 100 min, based on pilot data of duration of effect. Bilateral IN-PREG (5.6 and 11.2 mg/ml) increased frontal cortex and hippocampal ACh relative to both baseline and vehicle. Moreover, 11.2 mg/ml PREG increased ACh in the amygdala relative to baseline, the lower dose, and vehicle. Therefore, in the second experiment, IN-PREG (11.2 mg/ml) was applied only into one nostril, with vehicle applied into the other nostril, in order to determine whether ACh is predominantly increased in the ipsilateral relative to the contralateral amygdala. Unilateral application of IN-PREG increased ACh in the ipsilateral amygdala, whereas no effect was observed on the contralateral side, suggesting that PREG was transported from the nostrils to the brain via the olfactory epithelial pathway, but not by circulation. The present data provide additional information on IN-PREG action in the cholinergic system of frontal cortex, amygdala, and hippocampus. This may be relevant for therapeutic IN application of PREG in neurogenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedetta Fazari
- Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Psychology, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Cvetana Ilieva Decheva
- Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Psychology, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Victoria González García
- Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Psychology, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Laila Abdel-Hafiz
- Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Psychology, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Institute of Anatomy II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Susanne Nikolaus
- Clinic of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Cornelis P Hollenberg
- Institute of Microbiology, Heinrich Heine Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Joseph P Huston
- Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Psychology, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Maria A de Souza Silva
- Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Psychology, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Claudia Mattern
- M et P Pharma AG, Emetten, Switzerland.,Oceanographic Center, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
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11
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Öncü Kaya EM, Korkmaz OT, Yeniceli Uğur D, Şener E, Tunçel AN, Tunçel M. Determination of Ochratoxin-A in the brain microdialysates and plasma of awake, freely moving rats using ultra high performance liquid chromatography fluorescence detection method. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2019; 1125:121700. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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12
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Waldau B. Using miniature brain implants in rodents for novel drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2019; 14:379-386. [DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2019.1577816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ben Waldau
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
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13
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Sriramula S, Pedersen KB, Xia H, Lazartigues E. Determining the Enzymatic Activity of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) in Brain Tissue and Cerebrospinal Fluid Using a Quenched Fluorescent Substrate. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1527:117-126. [PMID: 28116711 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6625-7_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is a component of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) which plays an important role in the regulation of blood pressure and volume homeostasis. Accumulating evidence shows alterations in ACE2 expression and activity in several hypertensive animal models, as well as in patients with hypertension. In order to assess the role of brain ACE2 in hypertension, a specific ACE2 assay is required. Based on a quenched fluorescent substrate, we describe an easy-to-use method for determining ACE2 activity in brain tissue and cerebrospinal fluid. The method can further be adapted for other tissues, plasma, cell extracts, and cell culture supernatants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivas Sriramula
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Cardiovascular Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1901 Perdido Street, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Kim Brint Pedersen
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Cardiovascular Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1901 Perdido Street, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Huijing Xia
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Cardiovascular Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1901 Perdido Street, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Eric Lazartigues
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Cardiovascular Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1901 Perdido Street, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
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14
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Lupinsky D, Moquin L, Gratton A. Interhemispheric regulation of the rat medial prefrontal cortical glutamate stress response: role of local GABA- and dopamine-sensitive mechanisms. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2017; 234:353-363. [PMID: 27822602 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-016-4468-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE We previously reported that stressors increase medial prefrontal cortex (PFC) glutamate (GLU) levels as a result of activating callosal neurons located in the opposite hemisphere and that this PFC GLU stress response is regulated by GLU-, dopamine- (DA-), and GABA-sensitive mechanisms (Lupinsky et al. 2010). OBJECTIVES Here, we examine the possibility that PFC DA regulates the stress responsivity of callosal neurons indirectly by acting at D1 and D2 receptors located on GABA interneurons. METHODS Microdialysis combined with drug perfusion (reverse dialysis) or microinjections was used in adult male Long-Evans rats to characterize D1, D2, and GABAB receptor-mediated regulation of the PFC GABA response to tail-pinch (TP) stress. RESULTS We report that TP stress reliably elicited comparable increases in extracellular GABA in the left and right PFCs. SCH23390 (D1 antagonist; 100 μM perfusate concentration) perfused by reverse microdialysis attenuated the local GABA stress responses equally in the left and right PFCs. Intra-PFC raclopride perfusion (D2 antagonist; 100 μM) had the opposite effect, not only potentiating the local GABA stress response but also causing a transient elevation in basal (pre-stress) GABA. Moreover, unilateral PFC raclopride microinjection (6 nmol) attenuated the GLU response to TP stress in the contralateral PFC. Finally, intra-PFC baclofen perfusion (GABAB agonist; 100 μM) inhibited the local GLU and GABA stress responses. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these findings implicate PFC GABA interneurons in processing stressful stimuli, showing that local D1, D2, and GABAB receptor-mediated changes in PFC GABA transmission play a crucial role in the interhemispheric regulation of GLU stress responsivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek Lupinsky
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, H4H 1R3, Canada.
- Douglas Institute Research Center, 6875 LaSalle Blvd, Montréal, Québec, H4H 1R3, Canada.
| | - Luc Moquin
- Douglas Institute Research Center, 6875 LaSalle Blvd, Montréal, Québec, H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Alain Gratton
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, H4H 1R3, Canada
- Douglas Institute Research Center, 6875 LaSalle Blvd, Montréal, Québec, H4H 1R3, Canada
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15
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Shahbazi-Gahrouei D, Shiri L, Alaei H, Naghdi N. The effect of continuous ELF-MFs on the level of 5-HIAA in the raphe nucleus of the rat. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2016; 57:127-32. [PMID: 26811259 PMCID: PMC4795953 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrv093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Revised: 10/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of continuous extremely low frequency magnetic fields (ELF-MFs) with a frequency of 10 Hz and an intensity of 690-720 μT on the level of 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid (5-HIAA) in adult male Wistar rats. A total of 24 adult Wistar male rats were used, and after exposure with an ELF-MF for 15 successive days, all rats in each test were anesthetized with chloral hydrate. Then, they were placed in a stereotaxic frame for surgery and a microdialysis process. Dialysate samples were analyzed to measure the amount of 5-HIAA by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using electrochemical detection. Results showed that ELF-MF exposure for 15 days, 1 h daily, was not effective in altering the level of 5-HIAA. However, ELF-MF exposure for 15 days, 3 h daily, decreased the level of the 5-HIAA in the raphe nucleus. It can be concluded that ELF-MFs affect the serotonergic system and may be used to treat nervous system diseases. This study is an initial step towards helping cure depression using ELF-MFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daryoush Shahbazi-Gahrouei
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Leila Shiri
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hojjatollah Alaei
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Naser Naghdi
- Department of Physiology, Pasteur Institute, Tehran, Iran
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16
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Ferrier J, Bayet-Robert M, Dalmann R, El Guerrab A, Aissouni Y, Graveron-Demilly D, Chalus M, Pinguet J, Eschalier A, Richard D, Daulhac L, Marchand F, Balayssac D. Cholinergic Neurotransmission in the Posterior Insular Cortex Is Altered in Preclinical Models of Neuropathic Pain: Key Role of Muscarinic M2 Receptors in Donepezil-Induced Antinociception. J Neurosci 2015; 35:16418-30. [PMID: 26674867 PMCID: PMC4679823 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1537-15.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain is one of the most debilitating pain conditions, yet no therapeutic strategy has been really effective for its treatment. Hence, a better understanding of its pathophysiological mechanisms is necessary to identify new pharmacological targets. Here, we report important metabolic variations in brain areas involved in pain processing in a rat model of oxaliplatin-induced neuropathy using HRMAS (1)H-NMR spectroscopy. An increased concentration of choline has been evidenced in the posterior insular cortex (pIC) of neuropathic animal, which was significantly correlated with animals' pain thresholds. The screening of 34 genes mRNA involved in the pIC cholinergic system showed an increased expression of the high-affinity choline transporter and especially the muscarinic M2 receptors, which was confirmed by Western blot analysis in oxaliplatin-treated rats and the spared nerve injury model (SNI). Furthermore, pharmacological activation of M2 receptors in the pIC using oxotremorine completely reversed oxaliplatin-induced mechanical allodynia. Consistently, systemic treatment with donepezil, a centrally active acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, prevented and reversed oxaliplatin-induced cold and mechanical allodynia as well as social interaction impairment. Intracerebral microdialysis revealed a lower level of acetylcholine in the pIC of oxaliplatin-treated rats, which was significantly increased by donepezil. Finally, the analgesic effect of donepezil was markedly reduced by a microinjection of the M2 antagonist, methoctramine, within the pIC, in both oxaliplatin-treated rats and spared nerve injury rats. These findings highlight the crucial role of cortical cholinergic neurotransmission as a critical mechanism of neuropathic pain, and suggest that targeting insular M2 receptors using central cholinomimetics could be used for neuropathic pain treatment. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Our study describes a decrease in cholinergic neurotransmission in the posterior insular cortex in neuropathic pain condition and the involvement of M2 receptors. Targeting these cortical muscarinic M2 receptors using central cholinomimetics could be an effective therapy for neuropathic pain treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémy Ferrier
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Pharmacologie Fondamentale et Clinique de la Douleur, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France, Inserm, U1107 NEURO-DOL, F-63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France, Institut Analgesia, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Mathilde Bayet-Robert
- Université Lyon, CNRS, ENS Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, Ctr RMN Très Hauts Champs, F-69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Romain Dalmann
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Pharmacologie Fondamentale et Clinique de la Douleur, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France, Inserm, U1107 NEURO-DOL, F-63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France, Institut Analgesia, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Abderrahim El Guerrab
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Pharmacologie Fondamentale et Clinique de la Douleur, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France, Inserm, U1107 NEURO-DOL, F-63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France, Centre Jean Perrin, ERTICA EA4677 Université d'Auvergne, F-63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Danielle Graveron-Demilly
- Université Lyon 1, Inserm U1044, CNRS UMR 5220, Laboratory CREATIS, F-69616 Villeurbanne, France, and
| | - Maryse Chalus
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Pharmacologie Fondamentale et Clinique de la Douleur, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France, Inserm, U1107 NEURO-DOL, F-63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France, Institut Analgesia, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jérémy Pinguet
- Institut Analgesia, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Alain Eschalier
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Pharmacologie Fondamentale et Clinique de la Douleur, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France, Inserm, U1107 NEURO-DOL, F-63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France, Institut Analgesia, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Damien Richard
- Institut Analgesia, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Laurence Daulhac
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Pharmacologie Fondamentale et Clinique de la Douleur, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France, Inserm, U1107 NEURO-DOL, F-63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France, Institut Analgesia, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Fabien Marchand
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Pharmacologie Fondamentale et Clinique de la Douleur, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France, Inserm, U1107 NEURO-DOL, F-63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France, Institut Analgesia, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France,
| | - David Balayssac
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Pharmacologie Fondamentale et Clinique de la Douleur, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France, Inserm, U1107 NEURO-DOL, F-63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France, Institut Analgesia, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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17
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Zheng L, Zheng X. Integration of animal behaviors under stresses with different time courses. Neural Regen Res 2014; 9:1464-73. [PMID: 25317159 PMCID: PMC4192949 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.139464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
We used animal models of "forced swim stress" and "chronic unpredictable stress", and tried to reveal whether a passive coping style of high flotation behavior in forced swim stress predicts anhedonia behavior after chronic unpredictable stress, and whether the dopamine system regulates floating and anhedonia behaviors. Our results confirmed that depression-prone rats use "floating behavior" as a coping strategy in forced swim stress and more readily suffer from anhedonia during chronic unpredictable stress. Intraperitoneal injection or nucleus accumbens microinjection of the dopamine 2/3 receptor subtype agonist ropinirole reduced floating behaviors in depression-prone animals, but increased sucrose preference in rats showing anhedonia. These data indicate that floating behavior is a defensive mode that is preferred by susceptible individuals under conditions of acute stress. Simultaneously, these animals more readily experienced anhedonia under long-term stress; that is, they were more readily affected by depression. Our results suggest that dopamine 2/3 receptor subtypes in the nucleus accumbens play an important role in floating behaviors and anhedonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lun Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xigeng Zheng
- Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Santos-Fandila A, Zafra-Gómez A, Barranco A, Navalón A, Rueda R, Ramírez M. Quantitative determination of neurotransmitters, metabolites and derivates in microdialysates by UHPLC-tandem mass spectrometry. Talanta 2013; 114:79-89. [PMID: 23953445 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.03.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2012] [Revised: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The main objective of the present work is to study the time-course of rat brain neurotransmitters in vivo after an oral challenge with a nutritional ingredient or an external stimulus, such as a chemical agent. An ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for the identification and quantification of neurotransmitters, metabolites and derivates in microdialysates from rat brain was previously developed. Betaine, glutamine, glutamic acid, gamma-aminobutyric acid, phosphocholine, glycerophosphocholine, cytidine 5'-diphosphocholine, choline, acetylcholine, dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin, tyrosine, epinephrine, tryptophan and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid were selected as analytes. The method involves direct injection of samples of microdialysates from rat brain onto the chromatographic equipment and quantification with a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer detector using an electrospray ionization interface in positive mode. The limits of detection ranged from 0.1 to 50 ng mL(-1) and the limits of quantification from 0.3 to 200 ng mL(-1). The inter- and intra-day variability were lower than 15%. Recovery rates ranged from 85% to 115%.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Santos-Fandila
- Discovery R&D, Abbott Nutrition, Abbott Laboratories, Cmno. Purchil 68, E-18004 Granada, Spain.
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