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Yang X, Chang L, Liu Z, Geng X, Wang R, Yin X, Fan W, Zhao BQ. Neddylation in the chronically hypoperfused corpus callosum: MLN4924 reduces blood-brain barrier injury via ERK5/KLF2 signaling. Exp Neurol 2024; 371:114587. [PMID: 37914067 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2023.114587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown and cerebrovascular dysfunction may contribute to the pathology in white matter lesions and consequent cognitive decline caused by cerebral hypoperfusion. Neddylation is the process of attaching a ubiquitin-like molecule NEDD8 (neuronal precursor cell-expressed developmentally downregulated protein 8) to specific targets. By modifying protein substrates, neddylation plays critical roles in various important biological processes. However, whether neddylation influences the pathogenesis of hypoperfused brain remains unclear. In the present study, cerebral hypoperfusion-induced white matter lesions were produced by bilateral common carotid artery stenosis in mice. The function of the neddylation pathway, BBB integrity, cerebrovascular dysfunction, myelin density in the corpus callosum and cognitive function were determined. We show that NEDD8 conjugation aberrantly amplified in microvascular endothelium in the corpus callosum following cerebral hypoperfusion. MLN4924, a small-molecule inhibitor of NEDD8-activating enzyme currently in clinical trials, preserved BBB integrity, attenuated glial activation and enhanced oligodendrocyte differentiation, and reduced hypoperfusion-induced white matter lesions in the corpus callosum and thus improved cognitive performance via inactivating cullin-RING E3 ligase (CRL). Administration of MLN4924 caused the accumulation of ERK5 and KLF2. The ERK5 inhibitor BIX 02189, down-regulated MLN4924-induced activation of KLF2 and reversed MLN4924-mediated increase in pericyte coverage and junctional proteins. Furthermore, BIX 02189 blocked MLN4924-afforded protection against BBB disruption and white matter lesions in the corpus callosum. Collectively, our results revealed that neddylation impairs vascular function and thus exacerbated the pathology of hypoperfused brain and that inhibition of neddylation with MLN4924 may offer novel therapeutic opportunities for cerebral hypoperfusion-associated cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Yang
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Luping Chang
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhongwang Liu
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xue Geng
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ranran Wang
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xuhui Yin
- Institute of Neuroscience and Third Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Wenying Fan
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Bing-Qiao Zhao
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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Mouihate A, Kalakh S. Breastfeeding promotes oligodendrocyte precursor cells division and myelination in the demyelinated corpus callosum. Brain Res 2023; 1821:148584. [PMID: 37717888 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Demyelination alters the conduction of neuronal signals and hampers sensory-motor functions. Experimental and clinical evidence suggest that breastfeeding exerts a promyelinating impact on the maternal brain. The mechanism underlying this neuroprotective effect is not well-understood. In the present paper, we assessed the impact of rat lactation on lysolecithin-induced demyelination injury within the corpus callosum of lactating and non-lactating postpartum rats. We show that lactation enhanced the cell density of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), but not that of activated microglia and astrocytes, within the demyelination lesion. Lactation also increased the expression of myelin markers involved in the initial stage of myelin recovery (Myelin-associated glycoprotein and 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase) and reduced the demyelination injury. Altogether, these data suggest that lactation creates a conducive promyelinating environment through increased OPCs cell division, enhanced expression of select myelin proteins, and reduced number of non-myelinated axons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdeslam Mouihate
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 24923, Safat 13110, Kuwait.
| | - Samah Kalakh
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 24923, Safat 13110, Kuwait
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3
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Ratz-Mitchem ML, Leary G, Grindeland A, Silvius D, Guter J, Kavanaugh MP, Gunn TM. Generation and characterization of a knock-in mouse model for spastic tetraplegia, thin corpus callosum, and progressive microcephaly (SPATCCM). Mamm Genome 2023; 34:572-585. [PMID: 37642681 PMCID: PMC10680402 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-023-10013-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Solute carrier family 1 member 4 (SLC1A4), also referred to as Alanine/Serine/Cysteine/Threonine-preferring Transporter 1 (ASCT1), is a sodium-dependent neutral amino acid transporter. It is expressed in many tissues, including the brain, where it is expressed primarily on astrocytes and plays key roles in neuronal differentiation and development, maintaining neurotransmitter homeostasis, and N-methyl-D-aspartate neurotransmission, through regulation of L- and D-serine. Mutations in SLC1A4 are associated with the rare autosomal recessive neurodevelopmental disorder spastic tetraplegia, thin corpus callosum, and progressive microcephaly (SPATCCM, OMIM 616657). Psychomotor development and speech are significantly impaired in these patients, and many develop seizures. We generated and characterized a knock-in mouse model for the most common mutant allele, which results in a single amino acid change (p.Glu256Lys, or E256K). Homozygous mutants had increased D-serine uptake in the brain, microcephaly, and thin corpus callosum and cortex layer 1. While p.E256K homozygotes showed some significant differences in exploratory behavior relative to wildtype mice, their performance in assays for motor coordination, endurance, learning, and memory was normal, and they showed no significant differences in long-term potentiation. Taken together, these results indicate that the impact of the p.E256K mutation on cognition and motor function is minimal in mice, but other aspects of SLC1A4 function in the brain are conserved. Mice homozygous for p.E256K may be a good model for understanding the developmental basis of the corpus callosum and microcephaly phenotypes observed in SPATCCM patients and assessing whether they are rescued by serine supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Greg Leary
- The McLaughlin Research Institute, 1520 23Rd St. S, Great Falls, MT, 59405, USA
- The Division of Biological Sciences, The University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - Andrea Grindeland
- The McLaughlin Research Institute, 1520 23Rd St. S, Great Falls, MT, 59405, USA
| | - Derek Silvius
- The McLaughlin Research Institute, 1520 23Rd St. S, Great Falls, MT, 59405, USA
| | - Joseph Guter
- The McLaughlin Research Institute, 1520 23Rd St. S, Great Falls, MT, 59405, USA
| | - Michael P Kavanaugh
- The McLaughlin Research Institute, 1520 23Rd St. S, Great Falls, MT, 59405, USA.
- The Division of Biological Sciences, The University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA.
- Neuroscience Program, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, MT, 59803, USA.
| | - Teresa M Gunn
- The McLaughlin Research Institute, 1520 23Rd St. S, Great Falls, MT, 59405, USA.
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Gakare SG, Bhatt JM, Narasimhan KKS, Dravid SM. Glutamate delta-1 receptor regulates oligodendrocyte progenitor cell differentiation and myelination in normal and demyelinating conditions. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0294583. [PMID: 37983226 PMCID: PMC10659214 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the role of glutamate delta 1 receptor (GluD1) in oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (OPC)-mediated myelination during basal (development) and pathophysiological (cuprizone-induced demyelination) conditions. Initially, we sought to determine the expression pattern of GluD1 in OPCs and found a significant colocalization of GluD1 puncta with neuron-glial antigen 2 (NG2, OPC marker) in the motor cortex and dorsal striatum. Importantly, we found that the ablation of GluD1 led to an increase in the number of myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG+) cells in the corpus callosum and motor cortex at P40 without affecting the number of NG2+ OPCs, suggesting that GluD1 loss selectively facilitates OPC differentiation rather than proliferation. Further, deletion of GluD1 enhanced myelination in the corpus callosum and motor cortex, as indicated by increased myelin basic protein (MBP) staining at P40, suggesting that GluD1 may play an essential role in the developmental regulation of myelination during the critical window period. In contrast, in cuprizone-induced demyelination, we observed reduced MBP staining in the corpus callosum of GluD1 KO mice. Furthermore, cuprizone-fed GluD1 KO mice showed more robust motor deficits. Collectively, our results demonstrate that GluD1 plays a critical role in OPC regulation and myelination in normal and demyelinating conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukanya G. Gakare
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, United States of America
| | - Jay M. Bhatt
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, United States of America
| | - Kishore Kumar S. Narasimhan
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, United States of America
| | - Shashank M. Dravid
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, United States of America
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Froberg JE, Durak O, Macklis JD. Development of nanoRibo-seq enables study of regulated translation by cortical neuron subtypes, showing uORF translation in synaptic-axonal genes. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112995. [PMID: 37624698 PMCID: PMC10591829 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Investigation of translation in rare cell types or subcellular contexts is challenging due to large input requirements for standard approaches. Here, we present "nanoRibo-seq" an optimized approach using 102- to 103-fold less input material than bulk approaches. nanoRibo-seq exhibits rigorous quality control features consistent with quantification of ribosome protected fragments with as few as 1,000 cells. We compare translatomes of two closely related cortical neuron subtypes, callosal projection neurons (CPN) and subcerebral projection neurons (SCPN), during their early postnatal development. We find that, while translational efficiency is highly correlated between CPN and SCPN, several dozen mRNAs are differentially translated. We further examine upstream open reading frame (uORF) translation and identify that mRNAs involved in synapse organization and axon development are highly enriched for uORF translation in both subtypes. nanoRibo-seq enables investigation of translational regulation of rare cell types in vivo and offers a flexible approach for globally quantifying translation from limited input material.
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Affiliation(s)
- John E Froberg
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, and Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Omer Durak
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, and Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Macklis
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, and Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
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Hong W, Gong P, Pan X, Liu Y, Qi G, Qi C, Qin S. Krüppel-like factor 7 deficiency disrupts corpus callosum development and neuronal migration in the developing mouse cerebral cortex. Brain Pathol 2023; 33:e13186. [PMID: 37401095 PMCID: PMC10467035 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.13186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Krüppel-like Factor 7 (KLF7) is a zinc finger transcription factor that has a critical role in cellular differentiation, tumorigenesis, and regeneration. Mutations in Klf7 are associated with autism spectrum disorder, which is characterized by neurodevelopmental delay and intellectual disability. Here we show that KLF7 regulates neurogenesis and neuronal migration during mouse cortical development. Conditional depletion of KLF7 in neural progenitor cells resulted in agenesis of the corpus callosum, defects in neurogenesis, and impaired neuronal migration in the neocortex. Transcriptomic profiling analysis indicated that KLF7 regulates a cohort of genes involved in neuronal differentiation and migration, including p21 and Rac3. These findings provide insights into our understanding of the potential mechanisms underlying neurological defects associated with Klf7 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentong Hong
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Pifang Gong
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xinjie Pan
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yitong Liu
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Guibo Qi
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Congcong Qi
- Department of Laboratory Animal ScienceFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Song Qin
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain ScienceFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
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7
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Caputo M, Martinelli I, Fini N, Gianferrari G, Simonini C, Trovato R, Santorelli FM, Tessa A, Mandrioli J, Zucchi E. A Variant in TBCD Associated with Motoneuronopathy and Corpus Callosum Hypoplasia: A Case Report. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12386. [PMID: 37569761 PMCID: PMC10418765 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the tubulin-specific chaperon D (TBCD) gene, involved in the assembly and disassembly of the α/β-tubulin heterodimers, have been reported in early-onset progressive neurodevelopment regression, with epilepsy and mental retardation. We describe a rare homozygous variant in TBCD, namely c.881G>A/p.Arg294Gln, in a young woman with a phenotype dominated by distal motorneuronopathy and mild mental retardation, with neuroimaging evidence of corpus callosum hypoplasia. The peculiar phenotype is discussed in light of the molecular interpretation, enriching the literature data on tubulinopathies generated from TBCD mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Caputo
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (M.C.); (G.G.); (C.S.)
| | - Ilaria Martinelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Di Modena, Viale Giardini, 1355, 41126 Modena, Italy; (I.M.); (N.F.); (E.Z.)
- Clinical and Experimental PhD Program, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Nicola Fini
- Department of Neurosciences, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Di Modena, Viale Giardini, 1355, 41126 Modena, Italy; (I.M.); (N.F.); (E.Z.)
| | - Giulia Gianferrari
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (M.C.); (G.G.); (C.S.)
| | - Cecilia Simonini
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (M.C.); (G.G.); (C.S.)
| | - Rosanna Trovato
- Molecular Medicine, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, 56128 Pisa, Italy; (R.T.); (F.M.S.); (A.T.)
| | | | - Alessandra Tessa
- Molecular Medicine, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, 56128 Pisa, Italy; (R.T.); (F.M.S.); (A.T.)
| | - Jessica Mandrioli
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (M.C.); (G.G.); (C.S.)
- Department of Neurosciences, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Di Modena, Viale Giardini, 1355, 41126 Modena, Italy; (I.M.); (N.F.); (E.Z.)
| | - Elisabetta Zucchi
- Department of Neurosciences, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Di Modena, Viale Giardini, 1355, 41126 Modena, Italy; (I.M.); (N.F.); (E.Z.)
- Neuroscience PhD Program, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
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Collins SC, Vancollie VE, Mikhaleva A, Wagner C, Balz R, Lelliott CJ, Yalcin B. Characterization of Two Mouse Chd7 Heterozygous Loss-of-Function Models Shows Dysgenesis of the Corpus Callosum and Previously Unreported Features of CHARGE Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911509. [PMID: 36232804 PMCID: PMC9569499 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
CHARGE syndrome is a rare congenital disorder frequently caused by mutations in the chromodomain helicase DNA-binding protein-7 CHD7. Here, we developed and systematically characterized two genetic mouse models with identical, heterozygous loss-of-function mutation of the Chd7 gene engineered on inbred and outbred genetic backgrounds. We found that both models showed consistent phenotypes with the core clinical manifestations seen in CHARGE syndrome, but the phenotypes in the inbred Chd7 model were more severe, sometimes having reduced penetrance and included dysgenesis of the corpus callosum, hypoplasia of the hippocampus, abnormal retrosplenial granular cortex, ventriculomegaly, hyperactivity, growth delays, impaired grip strength and repetitive behaviors. Interestingly, we also identified previously unreported features including reduced levels of basal insulin and reduced blood lipids. We suggest that the phenotypic variation reported in individuals diagnosed with CHARGE syndrome is likely due to the genetic background and modifiers. Finally, our study provides a valuable resource, making it possible for mouse biologists interested in Chd7 to make informed choices on which mouse model they should use to study phenotypes of interest and investigate in more depth the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan C. Collins
- Inserm UMR1231, University of Burgundy Franche-Comté, 15 Boulevard Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny, 21070 Dijon, France
- Correspondence: (S.C.C.); (B.Y.)
| | | | - Anna Mikhaleva
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christel Wagner
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology, UMR7104, 67400 Illkirch, France
| | - Rebecca Balz
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Binnaz Yalcin
- Inserm UMR1231, University of Burgundy Franche-Comté, 15 Boulevard Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny, 21070 Dijon, France
- Correspondence: (S.C.C.); (B.Y.)
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Moradi V, Esfandiary E, Ghanadian M, Ghasemi N, Rashidi B. The effect of Zingiber Officinale Extract on Preventing Demyelination of Corpus Callosum in a Rat Model of Multiple Sclerosis. Iran Biomed J 2022; 26:330-9. [PMID: 36029169 PMCID: PMC9432465 DOI: 10.52547/ibj.2979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most prevalent neurological disability of young adults. Anti-inflammatory drugs have relative effects on MS. The anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects of Zingiber officinale (ginger) have been proven in some experimental and clinical investigations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of ginger extract on preventing myelin degradation in a rat model of MS. Methods Forty nine male Wistar rats were used in this study and divided into four control groups: the normal group, cuprizone-induced group, sham group (cuprizone [CPZ] + sodium carboxymethyl cellulose [NaCMC]), standard control group (fingolimod + cuprizone), including three experimental groups of CPZ, each receiving three different doses of ginger extract: 150, 300, and 600mg/kg /kg/day. Results Ginger extract of 600 mg/kg prevented corpus callosum from demyelination; however, a significant difference was observed in the fingolimod group (p < 0.05). Difference in the CPZ group was quite significant (p < 0.05). Conclusion Treatment with ginger inhibited demyelination and alleviated remyelination of corpus callosum in rats. Therefore, it could serve as a therapeutic agent in the MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valiollah Moradi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Esfandiary
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mustafa Ghanadian
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nazem Ghasemi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Bahman Rashidi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Gholami E, Gholami MR, Tavakoli A, Ahmadi M, Rezaian J, Alipour M, Chehelcheraghi F, Khaksarian M. Effect of fluoxetine treatment on neurotoxicity induced by lysolecithin in male rats. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2022; 100:107-116. [PMID: 34935529 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2021-0077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Demyelination disorder is an unusual pathologic event, which occurs in the central nervous system (CNS). Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease that affects the CNS, and it is the leading cause of disability in young adults. Lysolecithin (LPC) is one of the best toxin-induced demyelination models. In this study, a suitable model is created, and the effect of fluoxetine treatment is examined on this model. In this case, it was assumed that daily fluoxetine treatment had increased the endogenous remyelination in the LPC model. This study was focused on investigating the influence of the fluoxetine dose of 5 or 10 mg/kg per day for 1 and 4 weeks on LPC-induced neurotoxicity in the corpus callosum region. It was performed as a demyelinating model in male Wistar rats. After 3 days, fluoxetine was injected intraperitoneally (5 or 10 mg/kg per day) for 1 and 4 weeks in each group. After completing the treatment course, the corpus callosum was removed to examine the gene expression and histological analysis was performed. The results of the histopathological study of hematoxylin and eosin staining of the corpus callosum showed that in 1 and 4-week treatment groups, fluoxetine has reduced the level of inflammation at the LPC injection site (5 and 10 mg/kg per day). Fluoxetine treatment in the luxol fast blue (LFB) staining of the corpus callosum has been led to an increase in myelination capacity in all doses and times. The results of the genetic study showed that the fluoxetine has significantly reduced the expression level of tumor necrosis factor-α, nuclear factor κβ, and induced nitric oxide synthase in comparison with the untreated LPC group. Also, the fluoxetine treatment has enhanced the expression level of the forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) gene in comparison with the untreated group. Fluoxetine has increased the expression level of myelination and neurotrophic genes such as myelin basic protein (MBP), oligodendrocyte transcription factor 2 (OLIG2), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). The outcomes demonstrated that fluoxetine reduces inflammation and strengthens the endogenous myelination in the LPC-induced demyelination model; however, supplementary studies are required for specifying the details of its mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Gholami
- Student Research Committee, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Gholami
- Medical Technology Research Center, Research Institute for Health Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Asadollah Tavakoli
- Department of Physiology, Loretan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Mahdie Ahmadi
- Department of Biology, School of Basic Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jafar Rezaian
- Department of Anatomy, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Maryam Alipour
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Chehelcheraghi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Khaksarian
- Razi Herbal Medicine Research Center and Department of Physiology, Loretan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
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Huuskonen MT, Wang Y, Nikolakopoulou AM, Montagne A, Dai Z, Lazic D, Sagare AP, Zhao Z, Fernandez JA, Griffin JH, Zlokovic BV. Protection of ischemic white matter and oligodendrocytes in mice by 3K3A-activated protein C. J Exp Med 2022; 219:e20211372. [PMID: 34846535 PMCID: PMC8635278 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20211372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Subcortical white matter (WM) stroke accounts for 25% of all strokes and is the second leading cause of dementia. Despite such clinical importance, we still do not have an effective treatment for ischemic WM stroke, and the mechanisms of WM postischemic neuroprotection remain elusive. 3K3A-activated protein C (APC) is a signaling-selective analogue of endogenous blood protease APC that is currently in development as a neuroprotectant for ischemic stroke patients. Here, we show that 3K3A-APC protects WM tracts and oligodendrocytes from ischemic injury in the corpus callosum in middle-aged mice by activating protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR1) and PAR3. We show that PAR1 and PAR3 were also required for 3K3A-APC's suppression of post-WM stroke microglia and astrocyte responses and overall improvement in neuropathologic and functional outcomes. Our data provide new insights into the neuroprotective APC pathway in the WM and illustrate 3K3A-APC's potential for treating WM stroke in humans, possibly including multiple WM strokes that result in vascular dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikko T. Huuskonen
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
- The Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Yaoming Wang
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
- The Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Angeliki Maria Nikolakopoulou
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
- The Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Axel Montagne
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
- The Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Zhonghua Dai
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
- The Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Divna Lazic
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
- The Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Abhay P. Sagare
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
- The Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Zhen Zhao
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
- The Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Jose A. Fernandez
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - John H. Griffin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Berislav V. Zlokovic
- The Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
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12
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Chen L, van Zijl PC, Wei Z, Lu H, Duan W, Wong PC, Li T, Xu J. Early detection of Alzheimer's disease using creatine chemical exchange saturation transfer magnetic resonance imaging. Neuroimage 2021; 236:118071. [PMID: 33878375 PMCID: PMC8321389 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Detecting Alzheimer's disease (AD) at an early stage brings a lot of benefits including disease management and actions to slow the progression of the disease. Here, we demonstrate that reduced creatine chemical exchange saturation transfer (CrCEST) contrast has the potential to serve as a new biomarker for early detection of AD. The results on wild type (WT) mice and two age-matched AD models, namely tauopathy (Tau) and Aβ amyloidosis (APP), indicated that CrCEST contrasts of the cortex and corpus callosum in the APP and Tau mice were significantly reduced compared to WT counterpart at an early stage (6-7 months) (p < 0.011). Two main causes of the reduced CrCEST contrast, i.e. cerebral pH and creatine concentration, were investigated. From phantom and hypercapnia experiments, CrCEST showed excellent sensitivity to pH variations. From MRS results, the creatine concentration in WT and AD mouse brain was equivalent, which suggests that the reduced CrCEST contrast was dominated by cerebral pH change involved in the progression of AD. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that the abnormal cerebral pH in AD mice may relate to neuroinflammation, a known factor that can cause pH reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Chen
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Research Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, National Model Microelectronics College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Peter C.M. van Zijl
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Research Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Zhiliang Wei
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Research Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hanzhang Lu
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Research Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Wenzhen Duan
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Philip C. Wong
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tong Li
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jiadi Xu
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Research Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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13
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Zhu X, Yao Y, Yang J, Zhang C, Li X, Zhang A, Liu X, Zhang C, Gan G. ADAM10 suppresses demyelination and reduces seizure susceptibility in cuprizone-induced demyelination model. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 171:26-41. [PMID: 33965566 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The metalloproteinase ADAM10 is the most important amyloid precursor protein (APP) α-secretase, preventing the deposit of neurotoxic amyloid β (Aβ) peptide and generating a soluble APP fragment (sAPPα) with neurotrophic functions. Recent studies have suggested that ADAM10 also play a role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory CNS diseases, such as multiple sclerosis (MS). Demyelination is the hallmarks of MS but the mechanisms involved remain unclear. Here in this study, we examined the role that ADAM10 might play in the cuprizone-induced demyelination model. Our results demonstrated that ADAM10 expression and sAPPα production were significantly reduced in the corpus callosum in response to cuprizone treatment. Overexpression of ADAM10 increased sAPPα production and suppressed demyelination as well as neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in cuprizone-induced demyelination model. Pharmacological inhibition of ADAM10 activity, however, abrogates the protective effect of ADAM10 against demyelination, neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. It has been reported that CNS demyelination may induce seizure activity. Here, we found that overexpression of ADAM10 reduced seizure susceptibility in cuprizone-induced demyelination model, suggesting that ADAM10-derived sAPPα suppresses demyelination and reduces seizure susceptibility via ameliorating neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in cuprizone-induced demyelination model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinjian Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Yao
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiurong Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Canyu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinyan Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Aifeng Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiufang Liu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chenchen Zhang
- Transmission Electron Microscopy Center, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guangming Gan
- Transmission Electron Microscopy Center, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China; Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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14
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Levit A, Gibson A, Hough O, Jung Y, Agca Y, Agca C, Hachinski V, Allman BL, Whitehead SN. Precocious White Matter Inflammation and Behavioural Inflexibility Precede Learning and Memory Impairment in the TgAPP21 Rat Model of Alzheimer Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:5014-5030. [PMID: 34232476 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02476-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation and behavioural inflexibility are both common in late adulthood but far more profound in Alzheimer disease (AD). To investigate the relationship between ageing, AD, neuroinflammation, and behavioural flexibility, male wild-type Fischer 344 (Wt) and the transgenic APP21 (TgAPP21) rats were aged to 4, 8, 13, and 22 months and evaluated for neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment. TgAPP21 rats overexpress a pathogenic variant of the human amyloid precursor protein (hAPP; Swedish and Indiana mutations) but do not spontaneously develop overt pathology related to AD. In both genotypes, learning and memory were similarly impaired in older rats. However, at 8 months of age, TgAPP21 rats demonstrated behavioural inflexibility in set shifting, reversal, and the Morris water maze, while Wt rats showed inflexibility at 13 and 22 months of age. This early inflexibility in TgAPP21 rats was accompanied by a precocious increase in microglia activation within the corpus callosum; 8- and 13-month-old TgAPP21 rats had similar levels of microglia activation as 13- and 22-month-old Wt rats, respectively. However, while neuroinflammation within the white matter continued to progress with age, behavioural inflexibility peaked in 8-month-old TgAPP21 rats; in older TgAPP21 rats, memory and learning impairments masked inflexibility. These findings suggest that the behavioural inflexibility and white matter inflammation seen in normal ageing are accelerated in AD and may precede impairments of learning and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Levit
- Vulnerable Brain Laboratory, Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Andrew Gibson
- Vulnerable Brain Laboratory, Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Olivia Hough
- Vulnerable Brain Laboratory, Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Youngkyung Jung
- Vulnerable Brain Laboratory, Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Yuksel Agca
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Cansu Agca
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Vladimir Hachinski
- Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, University Hospital, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Brian L Allman
- Vulnerable Brain Laboratory, Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Shawn N Whitehead
- Vulnerable Brain Laboratory, Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.
- Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, University Hospital, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada.
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15
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Abreu NJ, Selvaraj B, Truxal KV, Moore-Clingenpeel M, Zumberge NA, McNally KA, McBride KL, Ho ML, Flanigan KM. Longitudinal MRI brain volume changes over one year in children with mucopolysaccharidosis types IIIA and IIIB. Mol Genet Metab 2021; 133:193-200. [PMID: 33962822 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2021.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To quantify changes in segmented brain volumes over 12 months in children with mucopolysaccharidosis types IIIA and IIIB (MPS IIIA and IIIB). METHODS In order to establish suitable outcome measures for clinical trials, twenty-five children greater than 2 years of age were enrolled in a prospective natural history study of MPS IIIA and IIIB at Nationwide Children's Hospital. Data from sedated non-contrast brain 3 T MRIs and neuropsychological measures were reviewed from the baseline visit and at 12-month follow-up. No intervention beyond standard clinical care was provided. Age- and sex-matched controls were gathered from the National Institute of Mental Health Data Archive. Automated brain volume segmentation with longitudinal processing was performed using FreeSurfer. RESULTS Of the 25 subjects enrolled with MPS III, 17 children (4 females, 13 males) completed at least one MRI with interpretable volumetric data. The ages ranged from 2.8 to 13.7 years old (average 7.2 years old) at enrollment, including 8 with MPS IIIA and 9 with MPS IIIB. At baseline, individuals with MPS III demonstrated reduced cerebral white matter and corpus callosum volumes, but greater volumes of the lateral ventricles, cerebellar cortex, and cerebellar white matter compared to controls. Among the 13 individuals with MPS III with two interpretable MRIs, there were annualized losses or plateaus in supratentorial brain tissue volumes (cerebral cortex -42.10 ± 18.52 cm3/year [mean ± SD], cerebral white matter -4.37 ± 11.82 cm3/year, subcortical gray matter -6.54 ± 3.63 cm3/year, corpus callosum -0.18 ± 0.62 cm3/yr) and in cerebellar cortex (-0.49 ± 12.57 cm3/year), with a compensatory increase in lateral ventricular volume (7.17 ± 6.79 cm3/year). Reductions in the cerebral cortex and subcortical gray matter were more striking in individuals younger than 8 years of age. Greater cerebral cortex volume was associated with higher fine and gross motor functioning on the Mullen Scales of Early Learning, while greater subcortical gray matter volume was associated with higher nonverbal functioning on the Leiter International Performance Scale. Larger cerebellar cortex was associated with higher receptive language performance on the Mullen, but greater cerebellar white matter correlated with worse adaptive functioning on the Vineland Adaptive Behavioral Scales and visual problem-solving on the Mullen. CONCLUSIONS Loss or plateauing of supratentorial brain tissue volumes may serve as longitudinal biomarkers of MPS III age-related disease progression compared to age-related growth in typically developing controls. Abnormally increased cerebellar white matter in MPS III, and its association with worse performance on neuropsychological measures, suggest the possibility of pathophysiological mechanisms distinct from neurodegeneration-associated atrophy that warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas J Abreu
- Center for Gene Therapy, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Division of Neurology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Bhavani Selvaraj
- Department of Radiology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Department of Radiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Kristen V Truxal
- Division of Genetic and Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | | | - Nicholas A Zumberge
- Department of Radiology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Department of Radiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Kelly A McNally
- Section of Psychology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Kim L McBride
- Division of Genetic and Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America; Center for Cardiovascular Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Division of Genetic and Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Mai-Lan Ho
- Department of Radiology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Department of Radiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Kevin M Flanigan
- Center for Gene Therapy, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Division of Neurology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Department of Neurology, Columbus, OH, United States of America.
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16
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Uehara T, Sanuki R, Ogura Y, Yokoyama A, Yoshida T, Futagawa H, Yoshihashi H, Yamada M, Suzuki H, Takenouchi T, Matsubara K, Hirata H, Kosaki K, Takano‐Shimizu T. Recurrent NFIA K125E substitution represents a loss-of-function allele: Sensitive in vitro and in vivo assays for nontruncating alleles. Am J Med Genet A 2021; 185:2084-2093. [PMID: 33973697 PMCID: PMC8251549 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear factor I A (NFIA) is a transcription factor that belongs to the NFI family. Truncating variants or intragenic deletion of the NFIA gene are known to cause the human neurodevelopmental disorder known as NFIA‐related disorder, but no patient heterozygous for a missense mutation has been reported. Here, we document two unrelated patients with typical phenotypic features of the NFIA‐related disorder who shared a missense variant p.Lys125Glu (K125E) in the NFIA gene. Patient 1 was a 6‐year‐old female with global developmental delay, corpus callosum anomaly, macrocephaly, and dysmorphic facial features. Patient 2 was a 14‐month‐old male with corpus callosum anomaly and macrocephaly. By using Drosophila and zebrafish models, we functionally evaluated the effect of the K125E substitution. Ectopic expression of wild‐type human NFIA in Drosophila caused developmental defects such as eye malformation and premature death, while that of human NFIA K125E variant allele did not. nfia‐deficient zebrafish embryos showed defects of midline‐crossing axons in the midbrain/hindbrain boundary. This impairment of commissural neurons was rescued by expression of wild‐type human NFIA, but not by that of mutant variant harboring K125E substitution. In accordance with these in vivo functional analyses, we showed that the K125E mutation impaired the transcriptional regulation of HES1 promoter in cultured cells. Taken together, we concluded that the K125E variant in the NFIA gene is a loss‐of‐function mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Uehara
- Center for Medical GeneticsKeio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Rikako Sanuki
- Advanced Insect Research Promotion CenterKyoto Institute of TechnologyKyotoJapan
| | - Yurie Ogura
- Department of Chemistry and Biological ScienceCollege of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin UniversitySagamiharaKanagawaJapan
| | - Atsushi Yokoyama
- Department of PediatricsKyoto University Graduate School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Takeshi Yoshida
- Department of PediatricsKyoto University Graduate School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Hiroshi Futagawa
- Department of GeneticsTokyo Metropolitan Children's Medical CenterTokyoJapan
| | - Hiroshi Yoshihashi
- Department of GeneticsTokyo Metropolitan Children's Medical CenterTokyoJapan
| | - Mamiko Yamada
- Center for Medical GeneticsKeio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Hisato Suzuki
- Center for Medical GeneticsKeio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | | | - Kohei Matsubara
- Advanced Insect Research Promotion CenterKyoto Institute of TechnologyKyotoJapan
| | - Hiromi Hirata
- Department of Chemistry and Biological ScienceCollege of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin UniversitySagamiharaKanagawaJapan
| | - Kenjiro Kosaki
- Center for Medical GeneticsKeio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
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17
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Morcom L, Gobius I, Marsh APL, Suárez R, Lim JWC, Bridges C, Ye Y, Fenlon LR, Zagar Y, Douglass AM, Donahoo ALS, Fothergill T, Shaikh S, Kozulin P, Edwards TJ, Cooper HM, Sherr EH, Chédotal A, Leventer RJ, Lockhart PJ, Richards LJ. DCC regulates astroglial development essential for telencephalic morphogenesis and corpus callosum formation. eLife 2021; 10:e61769. [PMID: 33871356 PMCID: PMC8116049 DOI: 10.7554/elife.61769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The forebrain hemispheres are predominantly separated during embryogenesis by the interhemispheric fissure (IHF). Radial astroglia remodel the IHF to form a continuous substrate between the hemispheres for midline crossing of the corpus callosum (CC) and hippocampal commissure (HC). Deleted in colorectal carcinoma (DCC) and netrin 1 (NTN1) are molecules that have an evolutionarily conserved function in commissural axon guidance. The CC and HC are absent in Dcc and Ntn1 knockout mice, while other commissures are only partially affected, suggesting an additional aetiology in forebrain commissure formation. Here, we find that these molecules play a critical role in regulating astroglial development and IHF remodelling during CC and HC formation. Human subjects with DCC mutations display disrupted IHF remodelling associated with CC and HC malformations. Thus, axon guidance molecules such as DCC and NTN1 first regulate the formation of a midline substrate for dorsal commissures prior to their role in regulating axonal growth and guidance across it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Morcom
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain InstituteBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Ilan Gobius
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain InstituteBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Ashley PL Marsh
- Bruce Lefroy Centre for Genetic Health Research, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s HospitalParkvilleAustralia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of MelbourneParkvilleAustralia
| | - Rodrigo Suárez
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain InstituteBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Jonathan WC Lim
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain InstituteBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Caitlin Bridges
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain InstituteBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Yunan Ye
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain InstituteBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Laura R Fenlon
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain InstituteBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Yvrick Zagar
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la VisionParisFrance
| | - Amelia M Douglass
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain InstituteBrisbaneAustralia
| | | | - Thomas Fothergill
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain InstituteBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Samreen Shaikh
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain InstituteBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Peter Kozulin
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain InstituteBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Timothy J Edwards
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain InstituteBrisbaneAustralia
- The University of Queensland, Faculty of MedicineBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Helen M Cooper
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain InstituteBrisbaneAustralia
| | - IRC5 Consortium
- Members and Affiliates of the International Research Consortium for the Corpus Callosum and Cerebral Connectivity (IRC5)Los AngelesUnited States
| | - Elliott H Sherr
- Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, Institute of Human Genetics and Weill Institute of Neurosciences, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Alain Chédotal
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la VisionParisFrance
| | - Richard J Leventer
- Department of Paediatrics, University of MelbourneParkvilleAustralia
- Neuroscience Research Group, Murdoch Children’s Research InstituteParkvilleAustralia
- Department of Neurology, University of Melbourne, Royal Children’s HospitalParkvilleAustralia
| | - Paul J Lockhart
- Bruce Lefroy Centre for Genetic Health Research, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s HospitalParkvilleAustralia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of MelbourneParkvilleAustralia
| | - Linda J Richards
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain InstituteBrisbaneAustralia
- The University of Queensland, School of Biomedical SciencesBrisbaneAustralia
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18
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Bao C, He C, Shu B, Meng T, Cai Q, Li B, Wu G, Wu B, Li H. Aerobic exercise training decreases cognitive impairment caused by demyelination by regulating ROCK signaling pathway in aging mice. Brain Res Bull 2021; 168:52-62. [PMID: 33358939 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have discovered a strong link between physical exercise and the prevention of neuro-degenerative symptoms, especially in elderly subjects, nonetheless, the exact underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we hypothesized that aerobic exercise training may have a protective effect on myelin sheath in aged mice by regulating the ROCK signal pathway, which is considered as a crucial mechanism for decreasing apoptosis and promoting regeneration. Briefly, C57/BL aged mice underwent an exercise training (5 days/week, lasting 6 weeks). Memory and cognitive impairment were examined using Novel object recognition (NOR) test and Morris water maze test (MWM). Demyelination was explored using Luxol fast blue staining and transmission electron microscopy in the corpus callosum (CC), and the expression of ROCK and apoptotic protein were analyzed via western blot. We demonstrated the impairment of memory and cognitive and the decrease of myelin sheath thickness in aged mice. In addition, severe demyelination was observed in aged mice, accompanied with increased expression of RhoA, ROCK, ATF3, and Caspase 3, and reduced expression of MBP, Olig2, and NG2. Aerobic exercise training improved behavioral functions, increased the expression of MBP and myelin sheath thickness, reduced apoptosis and promoted myelination. To sum up, our data indicate that aerobic exercise training protects demyelination from aging-related white matter injury, which is associated with the up-regulation of ROCK signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuncha Bao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China; Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chengqi He
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China; Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bin Shu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University - Town Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Tao Meng
- Department of Military Joint and Force Management, Army Training Base for Health Care, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Qiyan Cai
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Baichuan Li
- Experimental Center of Basic Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Guangyan Wu
- Experimental Center of Basic Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Bin Wu
- Experimental Center of Basic Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Hongli Li
- Experimental Center of Basic Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
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19
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Su X, Vasilkovska T, Fröhlich N, Garaschuk O. Characterization of cell type-specific S100B expression in the mouse olfactory bulb. Cell Calcium 2021; 94:102334. [PMID: 33460952 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2020.102334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
S100B is an EF-hand type Ca2+-binding protein of the S100 family, known to support neurogenesis and to promote the interactions between brain's nervous and immune systems. Here, we characterized the expression of S100B in the mouse olfactory bulb, a neurogenic niche comprising mature and adult-born neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and microglia. Besides astrocytes, for which S100B is a classical marker, S100B was also expressed in NG2 cells and, surprisingly, in APC-positive myelinating oligodendrocytes but not in mature/adult-born neurons or microglia. Various layers of the bulb differed substantially in the composition of S100B-positive cells, with the highest fraction of the APC-positive oligodendrocytes found in the granule cell layer. Across all layers, ∼50 % of NG2 cells were S100B-negative. Finally, our data revealed a strong correlation between the fraction of myelinating oligodendrocytes among the S100B-positive cells and the oligodendrocyte density in different brain areas, underscoring the importance of S100B for the establishment and maintenance of myelin sheaths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Su
- Institute of Physiology, Department of Neurophysiology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tamara Vasilkovska
- Institute of Physiology, Department of Neurophysiology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nicole Fröhlich
- Institute of Physiology, Department of Neurophysiology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Olga Garaschuk
- Institute of Physiology, Department of Neurophysiology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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20
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Abstract
Cortical development in humans is a long and ongoing process that continuously modifies the neural circuitry into adolescence. This is well represented by the dynamic maturation of the corpus callosum, the largest white matter tract in the brain. Callosal projection neurons whose long-range axons form the main component of the corpus callosum are evolved relatively recently with a substantial, disproportionate increase in numbers in humans. Though the anatomy of the corpus callosum and cellular processes in its development have been intensively studied by experts in a variety of fields over several decades, the whole picture of its development, in particular, the molecular controls over the development of callosal projections, still has many missing pieces. This review highlights the most recent progress on the understanding of corpus callosum formation with a special emphasis on the novel molecular players in the development of axonal projections in the corpus callosum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ray Yueh Ku
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children’s Research Institute, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Masaaki Torii
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children’s Research Institute, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC 20010, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
- Correspondence:
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21
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Cristofoli F, Moss T, Moore HW, Devriendt K, Flanagan-Steet H, May M, Jones J, Roelens F, Fons C, Fernandez A, Martorell L, Selicorni A, Maitz S, Vitiello G, Van der Hoeven G, Skinner SA, Bollen M, Vermeesch JR, Steet R, Van Esch H. De Novo Variants in LMNB1 Cause Pronounced Syndromic Microcephaly and Disruption of Nuclear Envelope Integrity. Am J Hum Genet 2020; 107:753-762. [PMID: 32910914 PMCID: PMC7536573 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2020.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lamin B1 plays an important role in the nuclear envelope stability, the regulation of gene expression, and neural development. Duplication of LMNB1, or missense mutations increasing LMNB1 expression, are associated with autosomal-dominant leukodystrophy. On the basis of its role in neurogenesis, it has been postulated that LMNB1 variants could cause microcephaly. Here, we confirm this hypothesis with the identification of de novo mutations in LMNB1 in seven individuals with pronounced primary microcephaly (ranging from -3.6 to -12 SD) associated with relative short stature and variable degree of intellectual disability and neurological features as the core symptoms. Simplified gyral pattern of the cortex and abnormal corpus callosum were noted on MRI of three individuals, and these individuals also presented with a more severe phenotype. Functional analysis of the three missense mutations showed impaired formation of the LMNB1 nuclear lamina. The two variants located within the head group of LMNB1 result in a decrease in the nuclear localization of the protein and an increase in misshapen nuclei. We further demonstrate that another mutation, located in the coil region, leads to increased frequency of condensed nuclei and lower steady-state levels of lamin B1 in proband lymphoblasts. Our findings collectively indicate that de novo mutations in LMNB1 result in a dominant and damaging effect on nuclear envelope formation that correlates with microcephaly in humans. This adds LMNB1 to the growing list of genes implicated in severe autosomal-dominant microcephaly and broadens the phenotypic spectrum of the laminopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Cristofoli
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tonya Moss
- JC Self Research Institute, Greenwood Genetic Center, 113 Gregor Mendel Circle, Greenwood, SC 29646, USA
| | - Hannah W Moore
- Greenwood Genetic Center, 106 Gregor Mendel Circle, Greenwood, SC 29646, USA
| | - Koen Devriendt
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Heather Flanagan-Steet
- JC Self Research Institute, Greenwood Genetic Center, 113 Gregor Mendel Circle, Greenwood, SC 29646, USA
| | - Melanie May
- JC Self Research Institute, Greenwood Genetic Center, 113 Gregor Mendel Circle, Greenwood, SC 29646, USA
| | - Julie Jones
- JC Self Research Institute, Greenwood Genetic Center, 113 Gregor Mendel Circle, Greenwood, SC 29646, USA
| | - Filip Roelens
- Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, AZ Delta, Brugsesteenweg 90, 8800 Roeselare, Belgium
| | - Carmen Fons
- Pediatric Neurology Department, Sant Joan de Déu Hospital, Passeig de Sant Joan de Déu 2, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Fernandez
- Pediatric Neurology Department, Sant Joan de Déu Hospital, Passeig de Sant Joan de Déu 2, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Loreto Martorell
- Department of Genetic and Molecular Medicine IPER, Institut de Recerca, Sant Joan de Déu Hospital, Passeig de Sant Joan de Déu 2, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Angelo Selicorni
- Pediatric Department, ASST Lariana, Sant'Anna Hospital, Via Ravona 20, 22042 Como, Italy
| | - Silvia Maitz
- Clinical Pediatric Genetics Unit, MBBM Foundation, S. Gerardo Hospital, Via Pergolesi 33, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Vitiello
- Department of Translational Medicine and Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, Federico II University, via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Gerd Van der Hoeven
- Laboratory of Biosignalling & Therapeutics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Steven A Skinner
- Greenwood Genetic Center, 106 Gregor Mendel Circle, Greenwood, SC 29646, USA
| | - Mathieu Bollen
- Laboratory of Biosignalling & Therapeutics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Joris R Vermeesch
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Richard Steet
- JC Self Research Institute, Greenwood Genetic Center, 113 Gregor Mendel Circle, Greenwood, SC 29646, USA.
| | - Hilde Van Esch
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory for the Genetics of Cognition, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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22
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Abstract
Oligodendrocyte myelination depends on actin cytoskeleton rearrangement. Neural Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein(N-Wasp) is an actin nucleation factor that promotes polymerization of branched actin filaments. N-Wasp activity is essential for myelin membrane wrapping by Schwann cells, but its role in oligodendrocytes and CNS myelination remains unknown. Here we report that oligodendrocytes-specific deletion of N-Wasp in mice of both sexes resulted in hypomyelination (i.e., reduced number of myelinated axons and thinner myelin profiles), as well as substantial focal hypermyelination reflected by the formation of remarkably long myelin outfolds. These myelin outfolds surrounded unmyelinated axons, neuronal cell bodies, and other myelin profiles. The latter configuration resulted in pseudo-multimyelin profiles that were often associated with axonal detachment and degeneration throughout the CNS, including in the optic nerve, corpus callosum, and the spinal cord. Furthermore, developmental analysis revealed that myelin abnormalities were already observed during the onset of myelination, suggesting that they are formed by aberrant and misguided elongation of the oligodendrocyte inner lip membrane. Our results demonstrate that N-Wasp is required for the formation of normal myelin in the CNS. They also reveal that N-Wasp plays a distinct role in oligodendrocytes compared with Schwann cells, highlighting a difference in the regulation of actin dynamics during CNS and PNS myelination.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Myelin is critical for the normal function of the nervous system by facilitating fast conduction of action potentials. During the process of myelination in the CNS, oligodendrocytes undergo extensive morphological changes that involve cellular process extension and retraction, axonal ensheathment, and myelin membrane wrapping. Here we present evidence that N-Wasp, a protein regulating actin filament assembly through Arp2/3 complex-dependent actin nucleation, plays a critical role in CNS myelination, and its absence leads to several myelin abnormalities. Our data provide an important step into the understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying CNS myelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Katanov
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Nurit Novak
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Anya Vainshtein
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Ofra Golani
- Department of Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Jeffery L Dupree
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284
| | - Elior Peles
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
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23
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Shen S, Feng S, Liu H, Jiang J, Yu X. Associations of histological and molecular alterations with invasion of the corpus callosum in gliomas. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2020; 162:1691-1699. [PMID: 32440925 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-020-04376-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioma invading the corpus callosum (CC) accounts for approximately 14% of gliomas and is thought to be more aggressive. However, there is still a lack of studies on the pathogenesis and molecular features of this condition. Here, we examined the occurrence association of CC invasion with respect to patients' clinical, pathological, and genetic characteristics. METHODS First, a cohort of 331 patients was included, with 86 cases (26%) that were diagnosed with invasion glioma. They were all analyzed for basic clinical and pathological characteristics and four routinely tested glioma molecular markers. Second, 29 pairs of patients who underwent deep sequencing of 68 glioma molecular alterations were selected from both groups for in-depth analysis. RESULTS The results of the first part showed that there was no difference between the two groups in terms of the basic factors in univariate analysis, while in multivariate logistic analysis, WHO grade was the risk factor for CC invasion (p = 0.001). The results of the second part showed that the paired groups had different genetic expression profiles, which highlighted glioma invading the CC as a distinct biological entity. PDGFRA mutation (PDGFRAmut) was present in 9 patients with invasive gliomas (31%), but only in one case (3.4%) in the control group (OR 17.331; 95% CI 1.987-151.156). CONCLUSION Our data revealed the clinical, pathological, and genetic characteristics of glioma invading the CC and showed that it may be associated with glioma WHO grade and PDGFRAmut, but not other factors. Thus, the risk signaling pathway may offer potential therapeutic targets for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoping Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28, Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiyu Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28, Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China
| | - Hailong Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28, Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Jiang
- Clinical Specimen Bank, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28, Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinguang Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28, Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China.
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24
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Paolino A, Fenlon LR, Kozulin P, Haines E, Lim JWC, Richards LJ, Suárez R. Differential timing of a conserved transcriptional network underlies divergent cortical projection routes across mammalian brain evolution. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:10554-10564. [PMID: 32312821 PMCID: PMC7229759 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1922422117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A unique combination of transcription factor expression and projection neuron identity demarcates each layer of the cerebral cortex. During mouse and human cortical development, the transcription factor CTIP2 specifies neurons that project subcerebrally, while SATB2 specifies neuronal projections via the corpus callosum, a large axon tract connecting the two neocortical hemispheres that emerged exclusively in eutherian mammals. Marsupials comprise the sister taxon of eutherians but do not have a corpus callosum; their intercortical commissural neurons instead project via the anterior commissure, similar to egg-laying monotreme mammals. It remains unknown whether divergent transcriptional networks underlie these cortical wiring differences. Here, we combine birth-dating analysis, retrograde tracing, gene overexpression and knockdown, and axonal quantification to compare the functions of CTIP2 and SATB2 in neocortical development, between the eutherian mouse and the marsupial fat-tailed dunnart. We demonstrate a striking degree of structural and functional homology, whereby CTIP2 or SATB2 of either species is sufficient to promote a subcerebral or commissural fate, respectively. Remarkably, we reveal a substantial delay in the onset of developmental SATB2 expression in mice as compared to the equivalent stage in dunnarts, with premature SATB2 overexpression in mice to match that of dunnarts resulting in a marsupial-like projection fate via the anterior commissure. Our results suggest that small alterations in the timing of regulatory gene expression may underlie interspecies differences in neuronal projection fate specification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Paolino
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Laura R Fenlon
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia;
| | - Peter Kozulin
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Haines
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Jonathan W C Lim
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Linda J Richards
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia;
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Rodrigo Suárez
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia;
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25
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Wenderski W, Wang L, Krokhotin A, Walsh JJ, Li H, Shoji H, Ghosh S, George RD, Miller EL, Elias L, Gillespie MA, Son EY, Staahl BT, Baek ST, Stanley V, Moncada C, Shipony Z, Linker SB, Marchetto MCN, Gage FH, Chen D, Sultan T, Zaki MS, Ranish JA, Miyakawa T, Luo L, Malenka RC, Crabtree GR, Gleeson JG. Loss of the neural-specific BAF subunit ACTL6B relieves repression of early response genes and causes recessive autism. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:10055-10066. [PMID: 32312822 PMCID: PMC7211998 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1908238117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Synaptic activity in neurons leads to the rapid activation of genes involved in mammalian behavior. ATP-dependent chromatin remodelers such as the BAF complex contribute to these responses and are generally thought to activate transcription. However, the mechanisms keeping such "early activation" genes silent have been a mystery. In the course of investigating Mendelian recessive autism, we identified six families with segregating loss-of-function mutations in the neuronal BAF (nBAF) subunit ACTL6B (originally named BAF53b). Accordingly, ACTL6B was the most significantly mutated gene in the Simons Recessive Autism Cohort. At least 14 subunits of the nBAF complex are mutated in autism, collectively making it a major contributor to autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Patient mutations destabilized ACTL6B protein in neurons and rerouted dendrites to the wrong glomerulus in the fly olfactory system. Humans and mice lacking ACTL6B showed corpus callosum hypoplasia, indicating a conserved role for ACTL6B in facilitating neural connectivity. Actl6b knockout mice on two genetic backgrounds exhibited ASD-related behaviors, including social and memory impairments, repetitive behaviors, and hyperactivity. Surprisingly, mutation of Actl6b relieved repression of early response genes including AP1 transcription factors (Fos, Fosl2, Fosb, and Junb), increased chromatin accessibility at AP1 binding sites, and transcriptional changes in late response genes associated with early response transcription factor activity. ACTL6B loss is thus an important cause of recessive ASD, with impaired neuron-specific chromatin repression indicated as a potential mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Wenderski
- Department of Pathology, Stanford Medical School, Palo Alto, CA 94305
- Department of Genetics, Stanford Medical School, Palo Alto, CA 94305
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford Medical School, Palo Alto, CA 94305
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Neuroscience, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037
- Rady Children's Institute of Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Andrey Krokhotin
- Department of Pathology, Stanford Medical School, Palo Alto, CA 94305
- Department of Genetics, Stanford Medical School, Palo Alto, CA 94305
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford Medical School, Palo Alto, CA 94305
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305
| | - Jessica J Walsh
- Nancy Pritztker Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford Medical School, Palo Alto, CA 94305
| | - Hongjie Li
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305
| | - Hirotaka Shoji
- Division of Systems Medical Science, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, 470-1192 Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Shereen Ghosh
- Department of Neuroscience, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037
- Rady Children's Institute of Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Renee D George
- Department of Neuroscience, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037
- Rady Children's Institute of Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Erik L Miller
- Department of Pathology, Stanford Medical School, Palo Alto, CA 94305
- Department of Genetics, Stanford Medical School, Palo Alto, CA 94305
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford Medical School, Palo Alto, CA 94305
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305
| | - Laura Elias
- Department of Pathology, Stanford Medical School, Palo Alto, CA 94305
- Department of Genetics, Stanford Medical School, Palo Alto, CA 94305
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford Medical School, Palo Alto, CA 94305
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305
| | | | - Esther Y Son
- Department of Pathology, Stanford Medical School, Palo Alto, CA 94305
- Department of Genetics, Stanford Medical School, Palo Alto, CA 94305
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford Medical School, Palo Alto, CA 94305
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305
| | - Brett T Staahl
- Department of Pathology, Stanford Medical School, Palo Alto, CA 94305
- Department of Genetics, Stanford Medical School, Palo Alto, CA 94305
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford Medical School, Palo Alto, CA 94305
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305
| | - Seung Tae Baek
- Department of Neuroscience, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037
- Rady Children's Institute of Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Valentina Stanley
- Department of Neuroscience, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037
- Rady Children's Institute of Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Cynthia Moncada
- Department of Pathology, Stanford Medical School, Palo Alto, CA 94305
- Department of Genetics, Stanford Medical School, Palo Alto, CA 94305
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford Medical School, Palo Alto, CA 94305
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305
| | - Zohar Shipony
- Department of Pathology, Stanford Medical School, Palo Alto, CA 94305
- Department of Genetics, Stanford Medical School, Palo Alto, CA 94305
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford Medical School, Palo Alto, CA 94305
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305
| | - Sara B Linker
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Maria C N Marchetto
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Fred H Gage
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Dillon Chen
- Department of Neuroscience, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037
- Rady Children's Institute of Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Tipu Sultan
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Institute of Child Health, Children Hospital Lahore, 54000 Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Maha S Zaki
- Clinical Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, National Research Centre, 12311 Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Tsuyoshi Miyakawa
- Division of Systems Medical Science, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, 470-1192 Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Liqun Luo
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305
| | - Robert C Malenka
- Nancy Pritztker Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford Medical School, Palo Alto, CA 94305
| | - Gerald R Crabtree
- Department of Pathology, Stanford Medical School, Palo Alto, CA 94305;
- Department of Genetics, Stanford Medical School, Palo Alto, CA 94305
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford Medical School, Palo Alto, CA 94305
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305
| | - Joseph G Gleeson
- Department of Neuroscience, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037;
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037
- Rady Children's Institute of Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037
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26
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Szilagyi GT, Nawrocki AM, Eros K, Schmidt J, Fekete K, Elkjaer ML, Hyrlov KH, Larsen MR, Illes Z, Gallyas F. Proteomic changes during experimental de- and remyelination in the corpus callosum. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0230249. [PMID: 32272486 PMCID: PMC7145428 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the cuprizone model of multiple sclerosis, de- and remyelination can be studied without major interference from the adaptive immune responses. Since previous proteomic studies did not focus on the corpus callosum, where cuprizone causes the most pronounced demyelination, we performed a bottom up proteomic analysis on this brain region. METHODS Eight week-old mice treated with 0.2% cuprizone, for 4 weeks and controls (C) were sacrificed after termination of the treatment (4wD), and 2 (2dR) or 14 (2wR) days later. Homogenates of dissected corpus callosum were analysed by quantitative proteomics. For data processing, clustering, gene ontology analysis, and regulatory network prediction, we used Perseus, PANTHER and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis softwares, respectively. RESULTS We identified 4886 unmodified, single- or multi phosphorylated and/or gycosylated (PTM) proteins. Out of them, 191 proteins were differentially regulated in at least one experimental group. We found 57 proteins specific for demyelination, 27 for early- and 57 for late remyelinationwhile 36 proteins were affected in two, and 23 proteins in all three groups. Phosphorylation represented 92% of the post translational modifications among differentially regulated modified (PTM) proteins with decreased level, while it was only 30% of the PTM proteins with increased level. Gene ontology analysis could not classify the demyelination specific proteins into any biological process category, while allocated the remyelination specific ones to nervous system development and myelination as the most specific subcategory. We also identified a protein network in experimental remyelination, and the gene orthologues of the network were differentially expressed in remyelinating multiple sclerosis brain lesions consistent with an early remyelination pattern. CONCLUSION Proteomic analysis seems more informative for remyelination than demyelination in the cuprizone model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabor T. Szilagyi
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Arkadiusz M. Nawrocki
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Krisztian Eros
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
- Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Nuclear-Mitochondrial Interactions Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Janos Schmidt
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Katalin Fekete
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Maria L. Elkjaer
- Department of Neurology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Kirsten H. Hyrlov
- Department of Neurology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Martin R. Larsen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Zsolt Illes
- Department of Neurology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Institute of Clinical Research, BRIDGE University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Ferenc Gallyas
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
- Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Nuclear-Mitochondrial Interactions Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
- * E-mail:
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Balandin AA, Zheleznov LM, Balandina IA, Balandin VA, Borodulin DV. [The dynamics of the structural organization of the corpus callosum from young to old age.]. Adv Gerontol 2020; 33:916-920. [PMID: 33550747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The work is based on the results of histological and immunohistochemical studies performed on the sectional material of 104 human corpses (59 men and 45 women) of young and old age. A comparative analysis of the morphological characteristics of the corpus callosum tissues using hematoxylin and eosin staining, the Nissl method (by Snesarev), by Van Gieson, by Spielmeyer, by Foot. An immunohistochemical study of the samples used a panel of antibodies to glial fibrillar acid protein (GFAP), the S-100 protein. It was found that by senile age, the tissue of the corpus callosum is characterized by the accumulation of glial macrophages. With age, there is a proliferation of GFAP-immunopositive astroglia. There is no dynamics of S-100 protein expression with age. Thus, the revealed regularity of age-related variability of the cytoarchitectonics of the corpus callosum is of interest in diagnostic and therapeutic work, and its morphological picture in old age can serve as an equivalent of the anatomical norm.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Balandin
- E.A.Vagner Perm State Medical University, 26 Petropavlovskaya str., Perm 414099, Russian Federation, e mail:
| | - L M Zheleznov
- Kirov State Medical University, 112 Karla Marksa str., Kirov 610027, Russian Federation
| | - I A Balandina
- E.A.Vagner Perm State Medical University, 26 Petropavlovskaya str., Perm 414099, Russian Federation, e mail:
| | - V A Balandin
- E.A.Vagner Perm State Medical University, 26 Petropavlovskaya str., Perm 414099, Russian Federation, e mail:
| | - D V Borodulin
- E.A.Vagner Perm State Medical University, 26 Petropavlovskaya str., Perm 414099, Russian Federation, e mail:
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Liang Y, Tong F, Zhang L, Zhu L, Li W, Huang W, Zhao S, He G, Zhou Y. iTRAQ-based proteomic analysis discovers potential biomarkers of diffuse axonal injury in rats. Brain Res Bull 2019; 153:289-304. [PMID: 31539556 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2019.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Diffuse axonal injury (DAI) is one of the most common and severe pathological consequences of traumatic brain injury (TBI). The molecular mechanism of DAI is highly complicated and still elusive, yet a clear understanding is crucial for the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of DAI. In our study, we used rats to establish a DAI model and applied isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis to identify differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in the corpus callosum. As a result, a total of 514 proteins showed differential expression between the injury groups and the control. Among these DEPs, 14 common DEPs were present at all seven time points postinjury (1, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h). Next, bioinformatic analysis was performed to elucidate the pathogenesis of DAI, which was found to possibly involve calcium ion-regulatory proteins (e.g., calsenilin and ryanodine receptor 2), cytoskeleton organization (e.g., peripherin, NFL, NFM, and NFH), apoptotic processes (e.g., calsenilin and protein kinase C delta type), and inflammatory response proteins (e.g., complement C3 and C-reactive protein). Moreover, peripherin and calsenilin were successfully confirmed by western blotting to be significantly upregulated during DAI, and immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis revealed that their expression increased and could be observed in axons after injury, thus indicating their potential as DAI biomarkers. Our experiments not only provide insight into the molecular mechanisms of axonal injury in rats during DAI but also give clinicians and pathologists important reference data for the diagnosis of DAI. Our findings may expand the list of DAI biomarkers and improve the postmortem diagnostic rate of DAI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Liang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Tongji Medical College, No. 13 Hangkong Road, Hankou, Wuhan, 430030, PR China.
| | - Fang Tong
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Tongji Medical College, No. 13 Hangkong Road, Hankou, Wuhan, 430030, PR China.
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Tongji Medical College, No. 13 Hangkong Road, Hankou, Wuhan, 430030, PR China.
| | - Longlong Zhu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Tongji Medical College, No. 13 Hangkong Road, Hankou, Wuhan, 430030, PR China.
| | - Wenhe Li
- Department of Pathology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, PR China.
| | - Weisheng Huang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Tongji Medical College, No. 13 Hangkong Road, Hankou, Wuhan, 430030, PR China.
| | - Shuquan Zhao
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Tongji Medical College, No. 13 Hangkong Road, Hankou, Wuhan, 430030, PR China.
| | - Guanglong He
- Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Public Security People's Republic of China, No. 17 Nanli Mulidi, Beijing, 100038, PR China.
| | - Yiwu Zhou
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Tongji Medical College, No. 13 Hangkong Road, Hankou, Wuhan, 430030, PR China.
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Hossain MM, Tsuzuki T, Sakakibara K, Imaizumi F, Ikegaya A, Inagaki M, Takahashi I, Ito T, Takamatsu H, Kumanogoh A, Negishi T, Yukawa K. PlexinA1 is crucial for the midline crossing of callosal axons during corpus callosum development in BALB/cAJ mice. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221440. [PMID: 31430342 PMCID: PMC6701775 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The corpus callosum (CC) is the biggest commissure that links cerebral hemispheres. Guidepost structures develop in the cortical midline during CC development and express axon guidance molecules that instruct neurons regarding the proper direction of axonal elongation toward and across the cortical midline. Neuropilin-1 (Npn1), a high affinity receptor for class 3 semaphorins (Sema3s) localized on cingulate pioneering axons, plays a crucial role in axon guidance to the midline through interactions with Sema3s. However, it remains unclear which type of Plexin is a component of Sema3 holoreceptors with Npn1 during the guidance of cingulate pioneering axons. To address the role of PlexinA1 in CC development, we examined with immunohistochemistry the localization of PlexinA1, Npn1, and Sema3s using embryonic brains from wild-type (WT) and PlexinA1-deficient (PlexinA1 knock-out (KO)) mice with a BALB/cAJ background. The immunohistochemistry confirmed the expression of PlexinA1 in callosal axons derived from the cingulate and neocortex of the WT mice on embryonic day 17.5 (E17.5) but not in the PlexinA1 KO mice. To examine the role of PlexinA1 in the navigation of callosal axons, the extension of callosal axons toward and across the midline was traced in brains of WT and PlexinA1 KO mice at E17.5. As a result, callosal axons in the PlexinA1 KO brains had a significantly lower incidence of midline crossing at E17.5 compared with the WT brains. To further examine the role of PlexinA1 in CC development, the CC phenotype was examined in PlexinA1 KO mice at postnatal day 0.5 (P0.5). Most of the PlexinA1 KO mice at P0.5 showed agenesis of the CC. These results indicate the crucial involvement of PlexinA1 in the midline crossing of callosal axons during CC development in BALB/cAJ mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Takamasa Tsuzuki
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kazuki Sakakibara
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Fumitaka Imaizumi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Akihiro Ikegaya
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mami Inagaki
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ikuko Takahashi
- Radioisotope Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takuji Ito
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hyota Takamatsu
- Department of Immunopathology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kumanogoh
- Department of Immunopathology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Takayuki Negishi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kazunori Yukawa
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Mao W, Yi X, Qin J, Tian M, Jin G. CXCL12 promotes proliferation of radial glia like cells after traumatic brain injury in rats. Cytokine 2019; 125:154771. [PMID: 31400639 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2019.154771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the effect of CXCL12 on regeneration of radial glia like cells after traumatic brain injury (TBI). We randomly divided 48 rats into 4 groups: (1) the sham group, rats were performed craniotomy only, (2) the control group, saline were injected into the ipsilateral cortex after TBI, (3) the CXCL12 group, CXCL12 were injected, and (4) the CXCL12 + AMD3100 group, a mixture of CXCL12 and AMD3100 were injected. Seven days after TBI, the brain tissues were subjected to immunofluorescence double-labeled staining of BrdU/Nestin, BLBP/Nestin, BLBP/Vimentin, BLBP/SOX2, BLBP/CXCR4, BLBP/DCX. Western Blot assay was used to measure the levels of Nestin, BLBP, and Vimentin. Compared with the control group, CXCL12 treatment significantly increased the number of cells stained with BrdU/Nestin, BLBP/Nestin, and BLBP/Vimentin around the injured cortex and corpus callosum areas. CXCL12 + AMD3100 treatment significantly decreased the number of these cells compared with the CXCL12 treatment and control group. The protein levels of Nestin, BLBP, and Vimentin had the same change trends as those of the immunofluorescence staining. The BLBP/Vimentin positive cells presented with the astrocyte pattern around the injured cortex area but with the RGCs pattern around the injured corpus callosum area. The BLBP positive cells also expressed CXCR4 and SOX2. Altogether, CXCL12 promotes the proliferation of neural precursor cells after TBI by combing to its receptor, CXCR4. The proliferating neural precursor cells presents radial glial cell like cells. The RGCs-like cells can differentiate into immature neurons and promote the migration of immature neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifeng Mao
- Department of Anatomy, Nantong University Medical School, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Xin Yi
- Department of Anatomy, Nantong University Medical School, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Jianbing Qin
- Department of Anatomy, Nantong University Medical School, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Meiling Tian
- Department of Anatomy, Nantong University Medical School, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Guohua Jin
- Department of Anatomy, Nantong University Medical School, Jiangsu 226001, China.
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Jin J, Ravindran P, Di Meo D, Püschel AW. Igf1R/InsR function is required for axon extension and corpus callosum formation. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219362. [PMID: 31318893 PMCID: PMC6638864 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the earliest steps during the development of the nervous system is the establishment of neuronal polarity and the formation of an axon. The intrinsic mechanisms that promote axon formation have been extensively analyzed. However, much less is known about the extrinsic signals that initiate axon formation. One of the candidates for these signals is Insulin-like growth factor 1 (Igf1) that acts through the Igf1 (Igf1R) and insulin receptors (InsR). Since Igf1R and InsR may act redundantly we analyzed conditional cortex-specific knockout mice that are deficient for both Igf1r and Insr to determine if they regulate the development of the cortex and the formation of axons in vivo. Our results show that Igf1R/InsR function is required for the normal development of the embryonic hippocampus and cingulate cortex while the lateral cortex does not show apparent defects in the Igf1r;Insr knockout. In the cingulate cortex, the number of intermediate progenitors and deep layer neurons is reduced and the corpus callosum is absent at E17. However, cortical organization and axon formation are not impaired in knockout embryos. In culture, cortical and hippocampal neurons from Igf1r;Insr knockout embryos extend an axon but the length of this axon is severely reduced. Our results indicate that Igf1R/InsR function is required for brain development in a region-specific manner and promotes axon growth but is not essential for neuronal polarization and migration in the developing brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Jin
- Institut für Molekulare Zellbiologie, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Danila Di Meo
- Institut für Molekulare Zellbiologie, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Andreas W. Püschel
- Institut für Molekulare Zellbiologie, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Gopalasingam G, Bartlett CA, McGonigle T, Majimbi M, Warnock A, Ford A, Gough A, Toomey LM, Fitzgerald M. The effects of a combination of ion channel inhibitors on pathology in a model of demyelinating disease. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2019; 34:1-8. [PMID: 31202958 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2019.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis (MS) has been shown to feature oxidative damage, which can be modelled using the cuprizone model of demyelinating disease. Oxidative damage can occur as a result of excessive influx of calcium ions (Ca2+) and oligodendroglia are particularly vulnerable. However, the effects of limiting excess Ca2+ influx on oxidative damage, oligodendroglia and myelin structure are unknown. OBJECTIVE This study investigated the effects of limiting excess Ca2+ flux on oxidative damage and associated changes in oligodendroglial densities and Node of Ranvier structure in the cuprizone model. METHODS The effects of three weeks of cuprizone administration and of treatment with a combination of three ion channel inhibitors (Lomerizine, Brilliant Blue G (BBG) and YM872), were semi-quantified immunohistochemically. Outcomes assessed were protein nitration (3-nitrotyrosine (3NT)) oxidative damage to DNA (8-hydroxy deoxyguanosine (8OHDG)), advanced glycation end-products (carboxymethyl lysine (CML)), immunoreactivity of microglia (Iba1) and astrocytes (glial acidic fibrillary protein (GFAP)), densities of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) (platelet derived growth factor alpha receptor (PDGFαR) with olig2) and oligodendrocytes (olig2 and CC1), and structural elements of the Node of Ranvier (contactin associated protein (Caspr)). RESULTS The administration of cuprizone resulted in increased protein nitration, DNA damage, and astrocyte and microglial immunoreactivity, a decrease in the density of oligodendrocytes and OPCs, together with altered structure of the Node of Ranvier and reduced myelin basic protein immunoreactivity. Treatment with the ion channel inhibitor combination significantly lowered protein nitration, increased the density of OPCs and reduced the number of atypical Node of Ranvier complexes; other outcomes were unaffected. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that excess Ca2+ influx contributes to protein nitration, and associated changes to OPC densities and Node of Ranvier structure in demyelinating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopana Gopalasingam
- Experimental and Regenerative Neurosciences, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia; School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Carole A Bartlett
- Experimental and Regenerative Neurosciences, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Terence McGonigle
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Belmont, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Maimuna Majimbi
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Belmont, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Andrew Warnock
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Belmont, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Abbey Ford
- Experimental and Regenerative Neurosciences, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Alexander Gough
- Experimental and Regenerative Neurosciences, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Lillian M Toomey
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Belmont, Western Australia, Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute Building, 8 Verdun St, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Melinda Fitzgerald
- Experimental and Regenerative Neurosciences, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia; Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Belmont, Western Australia, Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute Building, 8 Verdun St, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia.
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Yuan Z, Chen P, Zhang T, Shen B, Chen L. Agenesis and Hypomyelination of Corpus Callosum in Mice Lacking Nsun5, an RNA Methyltransferase. Cells 2019; 8:cells8060552. [PMID: 31174389 PMCID: PMC6627898 DOI: 10.3390/cells8060552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Williams-Beuren syndrome (WBS) is caused by microdeletions of 28 genes and is characterized by cognitive disorder and hypotrophic corpus callosum (CC). Nsun5 gene, which encodes cytosine-5 RNA methyltransferase, is located in the deletion loci of WBS. We have reported that single-gene knockout of Nsun5 (Nsun5-KO) in mice impairs spatial cognition. Herein, we report that postnatal day (PND) 60 Nsun5-KO mice showed the volumetric reduction of CC with a decline in the number of myelinated axons and loose myelin sheath. Nsun5 was highly expressed in callosal oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) and oligodendrocytes (OLs) from PND7 to PND28. The numbers of OPCs and OLs in CC of PND7-28 Nsun5-KO mice were significantly reduced compared to wild-type littermates. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot analyses of myelin basic protein (MBP) showed the hypomyelination in the CC of PND28 Nsun5-KO mice. The Nsun5 deletion suppressed the proliferation of OPCs but did not affect transition of radial glial cells into OPCs or cell cycle exit of OPCs. The protein levels, rather than transcriptional levels, of CDK1, CDK2 and Cdc42 in the CC of PND7 and PND14 Nsun5-KO mice were reduced. These findings point to the involvement of Nsun5 deletion in agenesis of CC observed in WBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
| | - Peipei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
| | - Tingting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
| | - Bin Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
| | - Ling Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
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Yamate-Morgan H, Lauderdale K, Horeczko J, Merchant U, Tiwari-Woodruff SK. Functional Effects of Cuprizone-Induced Demyelination in the Presence of the mTOR-Inhibitor Rapamycin. Neuroscience 2019; 406:667-683. [PMID: 30703503 PMCID: PMC6682545 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Persistent demyelination has been implicated in axon damage and functional deficits underlying neurodegenerative diseases such as multiple sclerosis. The cuprizone diet model of demyelination allows for the investigation of mechanisms underlying timed and reproducible demyelination and remyelination. However, spontaneous oligodendrocyte (OL) progenitor (OPC) proliferation, OPC differentiation, and axon remyelination during cuprizone diet may convolute the understanding of remyelinating events. The Akt (a serine/threonine kinase)/mTOR (the mammalian target of rapamycin) signaling pathway in OLs regulates intermediate steps during myelination. Thus, in an effort to inhibit spontaneous remyelination, the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin has been administered during cuprizone diet. Intrigued by the potential for rapamycin to optimize the cuprizone model by producing more complete demyelination, we sought to characterize the effects of rapamycin on axonal function and myelination. Functional remyelination was assessed by callosal compound action potential (CAP) recordings along with immunohistochemistry in mice treated with rapamycin during cuprizone diet. Rapamycin groups exhibited similar myelination, but significantly increased axonal damage and inflammation compared to non-rapamycin groups. There was minimal change in CAP amplitude between groups, however, a significant decrease in conduction velocity of the slower, non-myelinated CAP component was observed in the rapamycin group relative to the non-rapamycin group. During remyelination, rapamycin groups showed a significant decrease in OPC proliferation and mature OLs, suggesting a delay in OPC differentiation kinetics. In conclusion, we question the use of rapamycin to produce consistent demyelination as rapamycin increased inflammation and axonal damage, without affecting myelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Yamate-Morgan
- Department of Neuroscience, University of California, Riverside (UCR), Riverside, CA 92521, USA; Division of Biomedical Sciences, UCR School of Medicine, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Kelli Lauderdale
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, UCR School of Medicine, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Joshua Horeczko
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, UCR School of Medicine, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Urja Merchant
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, UCR School of Medicine, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Seema K Tiwari-Woodruff
- Department of Neuroscience, University of California, Riverside (UCR), Riverside, CA 92521, USA; Division of Biomedical Sciences, UCR School of Medicine, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; Center for Glial-Neuronal Interactions, UCR School of Medicine, CA 92521.
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Pandur E, Pap R, Varga E, Jánosa G, Komoly S, Fórizs J, Sipos K. Relationship of Iron Metabolism and Short-Term Cuprizone Treatment of C57BL/6 Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20092257. [PMID: 31067791 PMCID: PMC6539941 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the models to investigate the distinct mechanisms contributing to neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis is based on cuprizone (CZ) intoxication. CZ is toxic to mature oligodendrocytes and produces demyelination within the central nervous system but does not cause direct neuronal damage. The CZ model is suitable for better understanding the molecular mechanism of de- and remyelination processes of oligodendrocytes. CZ is a copper chelating agent and it also affects the iron metabolism in brain and liver tissues. To determine the early effect of CZ treatment on iron homeostasis regulation, cytosolic and mitochondrial iron storage, as well as some lipid metabolism genes, we investigated the expression of respective iron homeostasis and lipid metabolism genes of the corpus callosum (CC) and the liver after short-term CZ administration. In the present study C57BL/6 male mice aged four weeks were fed with standard rodent food premixed with 0.2 w/w% CZ for two or eight days. The major findings of our experiments are that short-term CZ treatment causes significant changes in iron metabolism regulation as well as in the expression of myelin and lipid synthesis-related genes, even before apparent demyelination occurs. Both in the CC and the liver the iron uptake, utilization and storage are modified, though not always the same way or to the same extent in the two organs. Understanding the role of iron in short-term and long-term CZ intoxication could provide a partial explanation of the discrepant signs of acute and chronic MS. These could contribute to understanding the development of multiple sclerosis and might provide a possible drug target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edina Pandur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary.
| | - Ramóna Pap
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary.
| | - Edit Varga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary.
| | - Gergely Jánosa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary.
| | - Sámuel Komoly
- Department of Neurology, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7623 Pécs, Hungary.
| | - Judit Fórizs
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary.
| | - Katalin Sipos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary.
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Barbaresi P, Mensà E, Sagrati A, Graciotti L. Postnatal development of the distribution of nitric oxide-producing neurons in the rat corpus callosum. Neurosci Res 2019; 151:15-30. [PMID: 30796928 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The postnatal development of nitric oxide (NO)-producing intracallosal neurons was studied in rats by nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-diaphorase (NADPH-d) histochemistry from postnatal day 0 (P0) to P30. NADPH-d-positive neurons (NADPH-d+Ns) were detected already at P0, mainly in the rostral region of the corpus callosum (cc). Their location and the intensity of staining allowed them to be classified as type I NO-producing neurons. At P0, tufts of intensely labeled fibers, probably corresponding to the callosal septa described in the monkey and human cc, entered the ventral cc region and reached its dorsal portion. From P5, cell bodies and dendrites were often associated to blood vessels. The number of intracallosal NADPH-d+Ns rose in the first postnatal days to peak at P5, it declined until P10, and then remained almost constant until P30. Their size increased from P0 to P30, dramatically so (>65%) from P0 to P15. From P10 onward their distribution was adult-like, i.e. NADPH-d+Ns were more numerous in the lateral and intermediate portions of the cc and diminished close to the midline. In conjunction with previous data, these findings indicate that intracallosal NADPH-d+Ns could have a role in callosal axon guidance, myelination, refinement processes, and callosal blood flow regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Barbaresi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Marche Polytechnic University, I-60020, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Emanuela Mensà
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Marche Polytechnic University, I-60020, Ancona, Italy; Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Section of Experimental Pathology, Marche Polytechnic University, I-60020, Ancona, Italy
| | - Andrea Sagrati
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Marche Polytechnic University, I-60020, Ancona, Italy
| | - Laura Graciotti
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Section of Experimental Pathology, Marche Polytechnic University, I-60020, Ancona, Italy
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Ferrer I, García MA, González IL, Lucena DD, Villalonga AR, Tech MC, Llorens F, Garcia‐Esparcia P, Martinez‐Maldonado A, Mendez MF, Escribano BT, Bech‐Serra JJ, Sabido E, de la Torre Gómez C, del Rio JA. Aging-related tau astrogliopathy (ARTAG): not only tau phosphorylation in astrocytes. Brain Pathol 2018; 28:965-985. [PMID: 29396893 PMCID: PMC8028270 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging-related tau astrogliopathy (ARTAG) is defined by the presence of two types of tau-bearing astrocytes: thorn-shaped astrocytes (TSAs) and granular/fuzzy astrocytes in the brain of old-aged individuals. The present study is focused on TSAs in rare forms of ARTAG with no neuronal tau pathology or restricted to entorhinal and transentorhinal cortices, to avoid bias from associated tauopathies. TSAs show 4Rtau phosphorylation at several specific sites and abnormal tau conformation, but they lack ubiquitin and they are not immunostained with tau-C3 antibodies which recognize truncated tau at Asp421. Astrocytes in ARTAG have atrophic processes, reduced glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and increased superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) immunoreactivity. Gel electrophoresis and western blotting of sarkosyl-insoluble fractions reveal a pattern of phospho-tau in ARTAG characterized by two bands of 68 and 64 kDa, and several middle bands between 35 and 50 kDa which differ from what is seen in AD. Phosphoproteomics of dissected vulnerable regions identifies an increase of phosphorylation marks in a large number of proteins in ARTAG compared with controls. GFAP, aquaporin 4, several serine-threonine kinases, microtubule associated proteins and other neuronal proteins are among the differentially phosphorylated proteins in ARTAG thus suggesting a hyper-phosphorylation background that affects several molecules, including many kinases and proteins from several cell compartments and various cell types. Finally, present results show for the first time that tau seeding is produced in neurons of the hippocampal complex, astrocytes, oligodendroglia and along fibers of the corpus callosum, fimbria and fornix following inoculation into the hippocampus of wild type mice of sarkosyl-insoluble fractions enriched in hyper-phosphorylated tau from selected ARTAG cases. These findings show astrocytes as crucial players of tau seeding in tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isidro Ferrer
- Department of Pathology and Experimental TherapeuticsUniversity of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Bellvitge University Hospital, IDIBELL (Bellvitge Biomedical Research Centre)BarcelonaSpain
- Ministry of Economy and CompetitivenessCIBERNED (Network Centre of Biomedical Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases), Institute of Health Carlos IIIBarcelonaSpain
- Institute of Neurosciences, University of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Meritxell Aguiló García
- Department of Pathology and Experimental TherapeuticsUniversity of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and BiochemistryInstitute for Molecular Biosciences, Karl‐Franzens University of GrazAustria
| | - Irene López González
- Ministry of Economy and CompetitivenessCIBERNED (Network Centre of Biomedical Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases), Institute of Health Carlos IIIBarcelonaSpain
| | - Daniela Diaz Lucena
- Ministry of Economy and CompetitivenessCIBERNED (Network Centre of Biomedical Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases), Institute of Health Carlos IIIBarcelonaSpain
| | - Aina Roig Villalonga
- Department of Pathology and Experimental TherapeuticsUniversity of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Margarita Carmona Tech
- Department of Pathology and Experimental TherapeuticsUniversity of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Ministry of Economy and CompetitivenessCIBERNED (Network Centre of Biomedical Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases), Institute of Health Carlos IIIBarcelonaSpain
| | - Franc Llorens
- Ministry of Economy and CompetitivenessCIBERNED (Network Centre of Biomedical Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases), Institute of Health Carlos IIIBarcelonaSpain
| | - Paula Garcia‐Esparcia
- Bellvitge University Hospital, IDIBELL (Bellvitge Biomedical Research Centre)BarcelonaSpain
| | | | - Margalida Frau Mendez
- Department of Pathology and Experimental TherapeuticsUniversity of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Benjamín Torrejón Escribano
- Biology Unit, Scientific and Technical ServicesUniversity of Barcelona, Hospitalet de LlobregatBarcelonaSpain
| | | | - Eduard Sabido
- Proteomics Unit, Centre de Regulació GenòmicaBarcelona Institute of Science and TechnologyBarcelonaSpain
| | | | - José Antonio del Rio
- Ministry of Economy and CompetitivenessCIBERNED (Network Centre of Biomedical Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases), Institute of Health Carlos IIIBarcelonaSpain
- Institute of Neurosciences, University of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Molecular and Cellular NeurobiotechnologyInstitute of Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology, Parc Científic de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
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Zhao W, Guo S, He N, Yang AC, Lin CP, Tsai SJ. Callosal and subcortical white matter alterations in schizophrenia: A diffusion tensor imaging study at multiple levels. Neuroimage Clin 2018; 20:594-602. [PMID: 30186763 PMCID: PMC6120601 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2018.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Diffusion tensor imaging and its distinct capability to detect micro-structural changes in vivo allows the exploration of white matter (WM) abnormalities in patients who have been diagnosed with schizophrenia; however, the results regarding the anatomical positions and degree of abnormalities are inconsistent. In order to obtain more robust and stable findings, we conducted a multi-level analysis to investigate WM disruption in a relatively large sample size (142 schizophrenia patients and 163 healthy subjects). Specifically, we evaluated the univariate fractional anisotropy (FA) in voxel level; the bivariate pairwise structural connectivity between regions using deterministic tractography as the network node defined by the Human Brainnetome Atlas; and the multivariate network topological properties, including the network hub, efficiency, small-worldness, and strength. Our data demonstrated callosal and subcortical WM alterations in patients with schizophrenia. These disruptions were evident in both voxel and connectivity levels and further supported by associations between FA values and illness duration. Based on the findings regarding topological properties, the structural network showed weaker global integration in patients with schizophrenia than in healthy subjects, while brain network hubs showed decreased functionality. We replicated these findings using an automated anatomical labeling atlas to define the network node. Our study indicates that callosal and subcortical WM disruptions are biomarkers for chronic schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhao
- College of Mathematics and Statistics, Key Laboratory of High Performance Computing and Stochastic Information Processing (Ministry of Education of China), Hunan Normal University, Changsha, PR China
| | - Shuixia Guo
- College of Mathematics and Statistics, Key Laboratory of High Performance Computing and Stochastic Information Processing (Ministry of Education of China), Hunan Normal University, Changsha, PR China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, PR China.
| | - Ningning He
- College of Mathematics and Statistics, Key Laboratory of High Performance Computing and Stochastic Information Processing (Ministry of Education of China), Hunan Normal University, Changsha, PR China
| | - Albert C Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Interdisciplinary Medicine and Biotechnology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA; Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Po Lin
- Aging and Health Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Jen Tsai
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Martin NA, Nawrocki A, Molnar V, Elkjaer ML, Thygesen EK, Palkovits M, Acs P, Sejbaek T, Nielsen HH, Hegedus Z, Sellebjerg F, Molnar T, Barbosa EGV, Alcaraz N, Gallyas F, Svenningsen AF, Baumbach J, Lassmann H, Larsen MR, Illes Z. Orthologous proteins of experimental de- and remyelination are differentially regulated in the CSF proteome of multiple sclerosis subtypes. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0202530. [PMID: 30114292 PMCID: PMC6095600 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Here, we applied a multi-omics approach (i) to examine molecular pathways related to de- and remyelination in multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions; and (ii) to translate these findings to the CSF proteome in order to identify molecules that are differentially expressed among MS subtypes. METHODS To relate differentially expressed genes in MS lesions to de- and remyelination, we compared transcriptome of MS lesions to transcriptome of cuprizone (CPZ)-induced de- and remyelination. Protein products of the overlapping orthologous genes were measured within the CSF by quantitative proteomics, parallel reaction monitoring (PRM). Differentially regulated proteins were correlated with molecular markers of inflammation by using MesoScale multiplex immunoassay. Expression kinetics of differentially regulated orthologous genes and proteins were examined in the CPZ model. RESULTS In the demyelinated and remyelinated corpus callosum, we detected 1239 differentially expressed genes; 91 orthologues were also differentially expressed in MS lesions. Pathway analysis of these orthologues suggested that the TYROBP (DAP12)-TREM2 pathway, TNF-receptor 1, CYBA and the proteasome subunit PSMB9 were related to de- and remyelination. We designed 129 peptides representing 51 orthologous proteins, measured them by PRM in 97 individual CSF, and compared their levels between relapsing (n = 40) and progressive MS (n = 57). Four proteins were differentially regulated among relapsing and progressive MS: tyrosine protein kinase receptor UFO (UFO), TIMP-1, apolipoprotein C-II (APOC2), and beta-2-microglobulin (B2M). The orthologous genes/proteins in the mouse brain peaked during acute remyelination. UFO, TIMP-1 and B2M levels correlated inversely with inflammation in the CSF (IL-6, MCP-1/CCL2, TARC/CCL17). APOC2 showed positive correlation with IL-2, IL-16 and eotaxin-3/CCL26. CONCLUSIONS Pathology-based multi-omics identified four CSF markers that were differentially expressed in MS subtypes. Upregulated TIMP-1, UFO and B2M orthologues in relapsing MS were associated with reduced inflammation and reflected reparatory processes, in contrast to the upregulated orthologue APOC2 in progressive MS that reflected changes in lipid metabolism associated with increased inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nellie A. Martin
- Department of Neurology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Arkadiusz Nawrocki
- Department of Neurology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Viktor Molnar
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Maria L. Elkjaer
- Department of Neurology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Eva K. Thygesen
- Department of Neurology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Miklos Palkovits
- Laboratory of Neuromorphology and Human Brain Tissue Bank/Microdissection Laboratory, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Peter Acs
- Department of Neurology, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Tobias Sejbaek
- Department of Neurology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Helle H. Nielsen
- Department of Neurology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Zoltan Hegedus
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Finn Sellebjerg
- Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tihamer Molnar
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Eudes G. V. Barbosa
- Computational Biology Group, Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Nicolas Alcaraz
- Computational Biology Group, Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- The Bioinformatics Centre, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ferenc Gallyas
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
- Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Nuclear-Mitochondrial Interactions Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Asa F. Svenningsen
- Department of Neurobiology Research, Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jan Baumbach
- Computational Biology Group, Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Hans Lassmann
- Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin R. Larsen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Zsolt Illes
- Department of Neurology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Neurology, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
- Department of Clinical Research, BRIDGE, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- * E-mail:
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Duchatel RJ, Meehan CL, Harms LR, Michie PT, Bigland MJ, Smith DW, Walker FR, Jobling P, Hodgson DM, Tooney PA. Late gestation immune activation increases IBA1-positive immunoreactivity levels in the corpus callosum of adult rat offspring. Psychiatry Res 2018; 266:175-185. [PMID: 29864618 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.05.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Animal models of maternal immune activation study the effects of infection, an environmental risk factor for schizophrenia, on brain development. Microglia activation and cytokine upregulation may have key roles in schizophrenia neuropathology. We hypothesised that maternal immune activation induces changes in microglia and cytokines in the brains of the adult offspring. Maternal immune activation was induced by injecting polyriboinosinic:polyribocytidylic acid into pregnant rats on gestational day (GD) 10 or GD19, with brain tissue collected from the offspring at adulthood. We observed no change in Iba1, Gfap, IL1-β and TNF-α mRNA levels in the cingulate cortex (CC) in adult offspring exposed to maternal immune activation. Prenatal exposure to immune activation had a significant main effect on microglial IBA1-positive immunoreactive material (IBA1+IRM) in the corpus callosum; post-hoc analyses identified a significant increase in GD19 offspring, but not GD10. No change in was observed in the CC. In contrast, maternal immune activation had a significant main effect on GFAP+IRM in the CC at GD19 (not GD10); post-hoc analyses only identified a strong trend towards increased GFAP+IRM in the GD19 offspring, with no white matter changes. This suggests late gestation maternal immune activation causes subtle alterations to microglia and astrocytes in the adult offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Duchatel
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Priority Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia.
| | - Crystal L Meehan
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Priority Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia.
| | - Lauren R Harms
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Priority Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia.
| | - Patricia T Michie
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Priority Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia.
| | - Mark J Bigland
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Priority Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia.
| | - Doug W Smith
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Priority Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia.
| | - Frederick R Walker
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia.
| | - Phillip Jobling
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Priority Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia.
| | - Deborah M Hodgson
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Priority Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia.
| | - Paul A Tooney
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Priority Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia.
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Whitton L, Apostolova G, Rieder D, Dechant G, Rea S, Donohoe G, Morris DW. Genes regulated by SATB2 during neurodevelopment contribute to schizophrenia and educational attainment. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007515. [PMID: 30040823 PMCID: PMC6097700 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
SATB2 is associated with schizophrenia and is an important transcription factor regulating neocortical organization and circuitry. Rare mutations in SATB2 cause a syndrome that includes developmental delay, and mouse studies identify an important role for SATB2 in learning and memory. Interacting partners BCL11B and GATAD2A are also schizophrenia risk genes indicating that other genes interacting with or are regulated by SATB2 are making a contribution to schizophrenia and cognition. We used data from Satb2 mouse models to generate three gene-sets that contain genes either functionally related to SATB2 or targeted by SATB2 at different stages of development. Each was tested for enrichment using the largest available genome-wide association studies (GWAS) datasets for schizophrenia and educational attainment (EA) and enrichment analysis was also performed for schizophrenia and other neurodevelopmental disorders using data from rare variant sequencing studies. These SATB2 gene-sets were enriched for genes containing common variants associated with schizophrenia and EA, and were enriched for genes containing rare variants reported in studies of schizophrenia, autism and intellectual disability. In the developing cortex, genes targeted by SATB2 based on ChIP-seq data, and functionally affected when SATB2 is not expressed based on differential expression analysis using RNA-seq data, show strong enrichment for genes associated with EA. For genes expressed in the hippocampus or at the synapse, those targeted by SATB2 are more strongly enriched for genes associated EA than gene-sets not targeted by SATB2. This study demonstrates that single gene findings from GWAS can provide important insights to pathobiological processes. In this case we find evidence that genes influenced by SATB2 and involved in synaptic transmission, axon guidance and formation of the corpus callosum are contributing to schizophrenia and cognition. Schizophrenia is a complex disorder caused by many genes. Using new gene discoveries to understand pathobiology is a foundation for development of new treatments. Current drugs for schizophrenia are only partially effective and do not treat cognitive deficits, which are key factors for explaining disability, leading to unemployment, homelessness and social isolation. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of schizophrenia have been effective at identifying individual SNPs and genes that contribute to risk but have struggled to immediately uncover the bigger picture of the underlying biology of the disorder. Here we take an individual gene identified in a schizophrenia GWAS called SATB2, which on its own is a very important regulator of brain development. We use functional genomics data from mouse studies to identify sets of others genes that are influenced by SATB2 during development. We show that these gene sets are enriched for common variants associated with schizophrenia and educational attainment (used as a proxy for cognition), and for rare variants that increase risk of various neurodevelopmental disorders. This study provides evidence that the molecular mechanisms that underpin schizophrenia and cognitive function include disruption of biological processes influenced by SATB2 as the brain is being organized and wired during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Whitton
- Cognitive Genetics and Cognitive Therapy Group, Neuroimaging, Cognition and Genomics (NICOG) Centre and NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, School of Psychology and Discipline of Biochemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Galina Apostolova
- Institute for Neuroscience, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Dietmar Rieder
- Institute for Neuroscience, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Georg Dechant
- Institute for Neuroscience, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Stephen Rea
- Centre for Chromosome Biology, Discipline of Biochemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Gary Donohoe
- Cognitive Genetics and Cognitive Therapy Group, Neuroimaging, Cognition and Genomics (NICOG) Centre and NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, School of Psychology and Discipline of Biochemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Derek W. Morris
- Cognitive Genetics and Cognitive Therapy Group, Neuroimaging, Cognition and Genomics (NICOG) Centre and NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, School of Psychology and Discipline of Biochemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Marchiafava-Bignami disease (MBD) is a neurological degenerative disorder with a pathognomonic hallmark of symmetric demyelination in the corpus callosum (CC). Most reported cases were chronic alcoholics and some showed cortical lesions related to poor clinical prognosis. Herein we report a case of a chronic alcoholic who presented with confusion and generalized weakness. METHODS Nerve fiber integrity and metabolic changes were evaluated with Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences including diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and MRS. RESULTS MRI revealed the typical callosal lesions of MBD with bilateral frontoparietal cortical lesions. DTI and MRS showed both impaired myelin integrity and axonal density in the CC. The cortical lesions partly disappeared after intravenous administration of high-dose multivitamins and corticosteroids. The patient regained consciousness 3 months later while dysarthria and quadriplegia persisted. Three years later, the patient can interact occasionally with people and the functional activities of both upper and lower limbs have no improvement. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the first report of DTI together with MRS assisting in evaluating the prognosis of MBD.
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Prunas C, Delvecchio G, Perlini C, Barillari M, Ruggeri M, Altamura AC, Bellani M, Brambilla P. Diffusion imaging study of the Corpus Callosum in bipolar disorder. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2018; 271:75-81. [PMID: 29129544 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Structural and diffusion imaging studies have provided some evidence of abnormal organization of Corpus Callosum (CC) in Bipolar Disorder (BD). Therefore, by using Diffusion Weighted Imaging (DWI), which allows to build subtle prediction models of fiber integrity for white matter (WM) tracts, this study aims to further explore the microstructure integrity of CC in BD patients compared to matched healthy controls. Twenty-four chronic patients with BD and 35 healthy controls were included in the study. Circular regions of interest were placed, on diffusion images, in the left and right side of callosal regions (i.e. rostrum/genu, anterior body, posterior body, splenium) and the Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC) was then calculated. Significantly increased ADC values were found in right anterior body and in right splenium in BD patients compared to healthy controls (all p < 0.05, Bonferroni corrected). In this study, we found abnormally increased ADC callosal values in BD suggesting microstructural anomalies specifically in the right hemisphere. Interestingly, this finding further supports the presence of an altered inter-hemispheric communication between frontal and temporo-parietal association areas in patients with BD, which may ultimately result in clinical symptoms and cognitive deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Prunas
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Cinzia Perlini
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Clinical Psychology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; InterUniversity Centre for Behavioural Neurosciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Marco Barillari
- Section of Neurology, Department of Neurological and Movement Sciences, University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - A Carlo Altamura
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Marcella Bellani
- InterUniversity Centre for Behavioural Neurosciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; Section of Psychiatry, AOUI Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Paolo Brambilla
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, University of Texas at Houston, TX, USA.
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Sanadgol N, Golab F, Tashakkor Z, Taki N, Moradi Kouchi S, Mostafaie A, Mehdizadeh M, Abdollahi M, Taghizadeh G, Sharifzadeh M. Neuroprotective effects of ellagic acid on cuprizone-induced acute demyelination through limitation of microgliosis, adjustment of CXCL12/IL-17/IL-11 axis and restriction of mature oligodendrocytes apoptosis. Pharm Biol 2017; 55:1679-1687. [PMID: 28447514 PMCID: PMC6130560 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2017.1319867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2016] [Revised: 10/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Ellagic acid (EA) is a natural phenol antioxidant with various therapeutic activities. However, the efficacy of EA has not been examined in neuropathologic conditions. OBJECTIVE In vivo neuroprotective effects of EA on cuprizone (cup)-induced demyelination were evaluated. MATERIAL AND METHODS C57BL/6 J mice were fed with chow containing 0.2% cup for 4 weeks to induce oligodendrocytes (OLGs) depletion predominantly in the corpus callosum (CC). EA was administered at different doses (40 or 80 mg/kg body weight/day/i.p.) from the first day of cup diet. Oligodendrocytes apoptosis [TUNEL assay and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG+)/caspase-3+ cells), gliosis (H&E staining, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP+) and macrophage-3 (Mac-3+) cells) and inflammatory markers (interleukin 17 (IL-17), interleukin 11 (IL-11) and stromal cell-derived factor 1 α (SDF-1α) or CXCL12] during cup intoxication were examined. RESULTS High dose of EA (EA-80) increased mature oligodendrocytes population (MOG+ cells, p < 0.001), and decreased apoptosis (p < 0.05) compared with the cup mice. Treatment with both EA doses did not show any considerable effects on the expression of CXCL12, but significantly down-regulated the expression of IL-17 and up-regulated the expression of IL-11 in mRNA levels compared with the cup mice. Only treatment with EA-80 significantly decreased the population of active macrophage (MAC-3+ cells, p < 0.001) but not reactive astrocytes (GFAP+ cells) compared with the cup mice. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION In this model, EA-80 effectively reduces lesions via reduction of neuroinflammation and toxic effects of cup on mature OLGs. EA is a suitable therapeutic agent for moderate brain damage in neurodegenerative diseases such as multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima Sanadgol
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Golab
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zakiyeh Tashakkor
- MSc in Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nooshin Taki
- MSc in Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samira Moradi Kouchi
- MSc in Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Mostafaie
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mehdizadeh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghorban Taghizadeh
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sharifzadeh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Mudd AT, Fleming SA, Labhart B, Chichlowski M, Berg BM, Donovan SM, Dilger RN. Dietary Sialyllactose Influences Sialic Acid Concentrations in the Prefrontal Cortex and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Measures in Corpus Callosum of Young Pigs. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9121297. [PMID: 29182578 PMCID: PMC5748748 DOI: 10.3390/nu9121297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Sialic acid (SA) is a key component of gangliosides and neural cell adhesion molecules important during neurodevelopment. Human milk contains SA in the form of sialyllactose (SL) an abundant oligosaccharide. To better understand the potential role of dietary SL on neurodevelopment, the effects of varying doses of dietary SL on brain SA content and neuroimaging markers of development were assessed in a newborn piglet model. Thirty-eight male pigs were provided one of four experimental diets from 2 to 32 days of age. Diets were formulated to contain: 0 mg SL/L (CON), 130 mg SL/L (LOW), 380 mg SL/L (MOD) or 760 mg SL/L (HIGH). At 32 or 33 days of age, all pigs were subjected to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to assess brain development. After MRI, pig serum and brains were collected and total, free and bound SA was analyzed. Results from this study indicate dietary SL influenced (p = 0.05) bound SA in the prefrontal cortex and the ratio of free SA to bound SA in the hippocampus (p = 0.04). Diffusion tensor imaging indicated treatment effects in mean (p < 0.01), axial (p < 0.01) and radial (p = 0.01) diffusivity in the corpus callosum. Tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) indicated differences (p < 0.05) in white matter tracts and voxel-based morphometry (VBM) indicated differences (p < 0.05) in grey matter between LOW and MOD pigs. CONT and HIGH pigs were not included in the TBSS and VBM assessments. These findings suggest the corpus callosum, prefrontal cortex and hippocampus may be differentially sensitive to dietary SL supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin T Mudd
- Piglet Nutrition & Cognition Lab, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
| | - Stephen A Fleming
- Piglet Nutrition & Cognition Lab, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
| | - Beau Labhart
- Mead Johnson Pediatric Nutrition Institute, Mead Johnson Nutrition, 2400 W Lloyd Expressway, Evansville, IN 47712, USA.
| | - Maciej Chichlowski
- Mead Johnson Pediatric Nutrition Institute, Mead Johnson Nutrition, 2400 W Lloyd Expressway, Evansville, IN 47712, USA.
| | - Brian M Berg
- Mead Johnson Pediatric Nutrition Institute, Mead Johnson Nutrition, 2400 W Lloyd Expressway, Evansville, IN 47712, USA.
- Division of Nutrition Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
| | - Sharon M Donovan
- Division of Nutrition Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
| | - Ryan N Dilger
- Piglet Nutrition & Cognition Lab, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
- Division of Nutrition Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
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46
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Ohtomo R, Bannai T, Ohtomo G, Shindo A, Tomimoto H, Tsuji S, Iwata A. Cilostazol alleviates white matter degeneration caused by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion in mice: Implication of its mechanism from gene expression analysis. Neurosci Lett 2017; 662:247-252. [PMID: 29080698 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cilostazol is known to alleviate white matter demyelination due to chronic cerebral hypoperfusion in rodent models, although their pharmacological mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the protective effect of cilostazol in relation to gene expression profile. Bilateral common carotid artery stenosis (BCAS) mice were treated with oral administration of cilostazol or placebo starting from a week after the surgery. Demyelination of the cingulum was compared between the 2 groups 2, 6, and 10 weeks after initial drug administration. Also, to examine temporal gene expression change during demyelination, DNA microarray analysis was conducted using samples from the corpus callosum of 2nd and 6th week BCAS mice. For genes that showed more than 2-fold up-regulation, their increase was validated by qPCR. Finally, to determine the effect of cilostazol towards those genes, their expression in the corpus callosum of 6-week placebo-treated and cilostazol-treated BCAS mice was compared by qPCR. Amelioration of myelin loss was observed in cilostazol-treated group, showing significant difference with those observed in placebo group after 10-week treatment. Gene ontology analysis of the 17 up-regulated (FDR<0.01) genes showed that majority of the genes were related to cell development processes. Among the validated genes, expression of Btg2 was significantly promoted in the corpus callosum of BCAS mice by administration of cilostazol. Results of this study suggest that activation of Btg2 may be one of the key pharmacological effects of cilostazol towards the white matter during chronic ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Ohtomo
- Department of Neurology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Japan.
| | - Taro Bannai
- Department of Neurology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Gaku Ohtomo
- Department of Neurology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Akihiro Shindo
- Department of Neurology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Tomimoto
- Department of Neurology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Shoji Tsuji
- Department of Neurology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Atsushi Iwata
- Department of Neurology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
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47
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Lamers IJC, Reijnders MRF, Venselaar H, Kraus A, Jansen S, de Vries BBA, Houge G, Gradek GA, Seo J, Choi M, Chae JH, van der Burgt I, Pfundt R, Letteboer SJF, van Beersum SEC, Dusseljee S, Brunner HG, Doherty D, Kleefstra T, Roepman R. Recurrent De Novo Mutations Disturbing the GTP/GDP Binding Pocket of RAB11B Cause Intellectual Disability and a Distinctive Brain Phenotype. Am J Hum Genet 2017; 101:824-832. [PMID: 29106825 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2017.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Rab GTPase family comprises ∼70 GTP-binding proteins, functioning in vesicle formation, transport and fusion. They are activated by a conformational change induced by GTP-binding, allowing interactions with downstream effectors. Here, we report five individuals with two recurrent de novo missense mutations in RAB11B; c.64G>A; p.Val22Met in three individuals and c.202G>A; p.Ala68Thr in two individuals. An overlapping neurodevelopmental phenotype, including severe intellectual disability with absent speech, epilepsy, and hypotonia was observed in all affected individuals. Additionally, visual problems, musculoskeletal abnormalities, and microcephaly were present in the majority of cases. Re-evaluation of brain MRI images of four individuals showed a shared distinct brain phenotype, consisting of abnormal white matter (severely decreased volume and abnormal signal), thin corpus callosum, cerebellar vermis hypoplasia, optic nerve hypoplasia and mild ventriculomegaly. To compare the effects of both variants with known inactive GDP- and active GTP-bound RAB11B mutants, we modeled the variants on the three-dimensional protein structure and performed subcellular localization studies. We predicted that both variants alter the GTP/GDP binding pocket and show that they both have localization patterns similar to inactive RAB11B. Evaluation of their influence on the affinity of RAB11B to a series of binary interactors, both effectors and guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs), showed induction of RAB11B binding to the GEF SH3BP5, again similar to inactive RAB11B. In conclusion, we report two recurrent dominant mutations in RAB11B leading to a neurodevelopmental syndrome, likely caused by altered GDP/GTP binding that inactivate the protein and induce GEF binding and protein mislocalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ideke J C Lamers
- Department of Human Genetics, and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6500 HB, the Netherlands
| | - Margot R F Reijnders
- Department of Human Genetics, and Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6500 HB, the Netherlands.
| | - Hanka Venselaar
- Centre for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6500 HB, the Netherlands
| | - Alison Kraus
- Yorkshire Regional Genetics Service, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds, LS7 4SA, UK
| | - Sandra Jansen
- Department of Human Genetics, and Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6500 HB, the Netherlands
| | - Bert B A de Vries
- Department of Human Genetics, and Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6500 HB, the Netherlands
| | - Gunnar Houge
- Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, N-5021, Norway
| | - Gyri Aasland Gradek
- Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, N-5021, Norway
| | - Jieun Seo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Murim Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hee Chae
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Ineke van der Burgt
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6500 HB, the Netherlands
| | - Rolph Pfundt
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6500 HB, the Netherlands
| | - Stef J F Letteboer
- Department of Human Genetics, and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6500 HB, the Netherlands
| | - Sylvia E C van Beersum
- Department of Human Genetics, and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6500 HB, the Netherlands
| | - Simone Dusseljee
- Department of Human Genetics, and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6500 HB, the Netherlands
| | - Han G Brunner
- Department of Human Genetics, and Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6500 HB, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Genetics and School for Oncology & Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, 6229 ER, the Netherlands
| | - Dan Doherty
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington and Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Tjitske Kleefstra
- Department of Human Genetics, and Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6500 HB, the Netherlands
| | - Ronald Roepman
- Department of Human Genetics, and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6500 HB, the Netherlands.
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48
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Yamazaki R, Baba H, Yamaguchi Y. Unconventional Myosin ID is Involved in Remyelination After Cuprizone-Induced Demyelination. Neurochem Res 2017; 43:195-204. [PMID: 28986688 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-017-2413-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Myelin, which is a multilamellar structure that sheathes the axon, is essential for normal neuronal function. In the central nervous system (CNS), myelin is produced by oligodendrocytes (OLs), which wrap their plasma membrane around axons. The dynamic membrane trafficking system, which relies on motor proteins, is required for myelin formation and maintenance. Previously, we reported that myosin ID (Myo1d) is distributed in rat CNS myelin and is especially enriched in the outer and inner cytoplasm-containing loops. Further, small interfering RNA (siRNA) treatment highlighted the involvement of Myo1d in the formation and maintenance of myelin in cultured OLs. Myo1d is one of the unconventional myosins, which may contribute to membrane dynamics, either in the wrapping process or transport of myelin membrane proteins during myelination. However, the function of Myo1d in myelin formation in vivo remains unclear. In the current study, to clarify the function of Myo1d in vivo, we surgically injected siRNA in the corpus callosum of a cuprizone-treated demyelination mouse model via stereotaxy. Knockdown of Myo1d expression in vivo decreased the intensities of myelin basic protein and myelin proteolipid protein immunofluorescence staining. However, neural/glial antigen 2-positive signals and adenomatous polyposis coli (APC/CC1)-positive cell numbers were unchanged by siRNA treatment. Furthermore, Myo1d knockdown treatment increased pro-inflammatory microglia and astrocytes during remyelination. In contrast, anti-inflammatory microglia were decreased. The percentage of caspase 3-positive cells in total CC1-positive OLs were also increased by Myo1d knockdown. These results indicated that Myo1d plays an important role during the regeneration process after demyelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reiji Yamazaki
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Hiroko Baba
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Yoshihide Yamaguchi
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan.
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49
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Yoon H, Walters G, Paulsen AR, Scarisbrick IA. Astrocyte heterogeneity across the brain and spinal cord occurs developmentally, in adulthood and in response to demyelination. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180697. [PMID: 28700615 PMCID: PMC5507262 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes have emerged as essential regulators of function and response to injury in the brain and spinal cord, yet very little is known about regional differences that exist. Here we compare the expression of key astroglial markers (glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and Aldehyde Dehydrogenase-1 Family Member L1 (ALDH1L1)) across these disparate poles of the neuraxis, tracking their expression developmentally and in the context of demyelination. In addition, we document changes in the astrocyte regulatory cytokine interleukin 6 (IL-6), and its signaling partner signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), in vivo and in vitro. Results demonstrate that GFAP expression is higher in the developing and adult spinal cord relative to brain. Comparisons between GFAP and ALDH1L1 expression suggest elevations in spinal cord GFAP during the early postnatal period reflect an accelerated appearance of astrocytes, while elevations in adulthood reflect higher expression by individual astrocytes. Notably, increases in spinal cord compared to whole brain GFAP were paralleled by higher levels of IL-6 and STAT3. Equivalent elevations in GFAP, GFAP/ALDH1L1 ratios, and in IL-6, were observed in primary astrocyte cultures derived from spinal cord compared to cortex. Also, higher levels of GFAP were observed in the spinal cord compared to the brain after focal demyelinating injury. Altogether, these studies point to key differences in astrocyte abundance and the expression of GFAP and IL-6 across the brain and spinal cord that are positioned to influence regional specialization developmentally and responses occurring in the context of injury and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyesook Yoon
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Rehabilitation Medicine Research Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Grant Walters
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Rehabilitation Medicine Research Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Alex R. Paulsen
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Rehabilitation Medicine Research Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Isobel A. Scarisbrick
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Rehabilitation Medicine Research Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- Neurobiology of Disease Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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50
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Shackleford GG, Grenier J, Abi Habib W, Massaad C, Meffre D. Liver X Receptors differentially modulate central myelin gene mRNA levels in a region-, age- and isoform-specific manner. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 169:61-68. [PMID: 26940358 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2016.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Liver X Receptors (LXRs) α and β are nuclear receptors able to bind oxidative forms of cholesterol. They play important roles in the central nervous system (CNS), through their implication in a large variety of physiological and pathological processes among which modulation of cholesterol homeostasis and inflammation. Besides, we recently revealed their crucial role in myelination and remyelination in the cerebellum. Given the pleiotropic effects of such receptors on CNS functioning, we studied here the influence of LXRs on myelin gene mRNA accumulation in the major myelinated regions of the CNS in vivo. We show that both LXR isoforms differentially affect mRNA amount of myelin genes (PLP and MBP) in highly myelinated structures such as spinal cord, corpus callosum, optic nerve and cerebellum. In the adult, LXR activation by the synthetic agonist TO901317 significantly increases myelin gene mRNA amount in the cerebellum but not in the other regions studied. Invalidation of the sole LXRβ isoform leads to decreased PLP and MBP mRNA levels in all the structures except the spinal cord, while the knock out of both isoforms (LXR dKO) decreases myelin gene mRNA amounts in all the regions tested except the corpus callosum. Interestingly, during myelination process (post-natal day 21), both cerebellum and optic nerve display a decrease in myelin gene mRNA levels in LXR dKO mice. Concomitantly, PLP and MBP mRNA accumulation in the spinal cord is increased. Relative expression level of LXR isoforms could account for the differential modulation of myelin gene expression in the CNS. Altogether our results suggest that, within the CNS, each LXR isoform differentially influences myelin gene mRNA levels in a region- and age-dependant manner, participating in the fine regulation of myelin gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julien Grenier
- Paris Descartes University, INSERM UMR-S 1124, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Walid Abi Habib
- Paris Descartes University, INSERM UMR-S 1124, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Charbel Massaad
- Paris Descartes University, INSERM UMR-S 1124, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Delphine Meffre
- Paris Descartes University, INSERM UMR-S 1124, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006 Paris, France.
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