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Ayuso-García P, Sánchez-Rueda A, Velasco-Avilés S, Tamayo-Caro M, Ferrer-Pinós A, Huarte-Sebastian C, Alvarez V, Riobello C, Jiménez-Vega S, Buendia I, Cañas-Martin J, Fernández-Susavila H, Aparicio-Rey A, Esquinas-Román EM, Ponte CR, Guhl R, Laville N, Pérez-Andrés E, Lavín JL, González-Lopez M, Cámara NM, Aransay AM, Lozano JJ, Sutherland JD, Barrio R, Martinez-Chantar ML, Azkargorta M, Elortza F, Soriano-Navarro M, Matute C, Sánchez-Gómez MV, Bayón-Cordero L, Pérez-Samartín A, Bravo SB, Kurz T, Lama-Díaz T, Blanco MG, Haddad S, Record CJ, van Hasselt PM, Reilly MM, Varela-Rey M, Woodhoo A. Neddylation orchestrates the complex transcriptional and posttranscriptional program that drives Schwann cell myelination. Sci Adv 2024; 10:eadm7600. [PMID: 38608019 PMCID: PMC11014456 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adm7600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Myelination is essential for neuronal function and health. In peripheral nerves, >100 causative mutations have been identified that cause Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, a disorder that can affect myelin sheaths. Among these, a number of mutations are related to essential targets of the posttranslational modification neddylation, although how these lead to myelin defects is unclear. Here, we demonstrate that inhibiting neddylation leads to a notable absence of peripheral myelin and axonal loss both in developing and regenerating mouse nerves. Our data indicate that neddylation exerts a global influence on the complex transcriptional and posttranscriptional program by simultaneously regulating the expression and function of multiple essential myelination signals, including the master transcription factor EGR2 and the negative regulators c-Jun and Sox2, and inducing global secondary changes in downstream pathways, including the mTOR and YAP/TAZ signaling pathways. This places neddylation as a critical regulator of myelination and delineates the potential pathogenic mechanisms involved in CMT mutations related to neddylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Ayuso-García
- Gene Regulatory Control in Disease Laboratory, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Alejandro Sánchez-Rueda
- Gene Regulatory Control in Disease Laboratory, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Sergio Velasco-Avilés
- Gene Regulatory Control in Disease Laboratory, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Miguel Tamayo-Caro
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Aroa Ferrer-Pinós
- Gene Regulatory Control in Disease Laboratory, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Cecilia Huarte-Sebastian
- Gene Regulatory Control in Disease Laboratory, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Vanesa Alvarez
- Gene Regulatory Control in Disease Laboratory, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Cristina Riobello
- Gene Regulatory Control in Disease Laboratory, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Selene Jiménez-Vega
- Gene Regulatory Control in Disease Laboratory, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Izaskun Buendia
- Gene Regulatory Control in Disease Laboratory, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Science Park of UPV/EHU, Sede building, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Jorge Cañas-Martin
- Gene Regulatory Control in Disease Laboratory, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Héctor Fernández-Susavila
- Gene Regulatory Control in Disease Laboratory, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Adrián Aparicio-Rey
- Gene Regulatory Control in Disease Laboratory, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Eva M. Esquinas-Román
- Gene Regulatory Control in Disease Laboratory, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Carlos Rodríguez Ponte
- Gene Regulatory Control in Disease Laboratory, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Romane Guhl
- Gene Regulatory Control in Disease Laboratory, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
- Université Paris Cité Magistère Européen de Génétique, 85 Boulevard Saint-Germain, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Laville
- Gene Regulatory Control in Disease Laboratory, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
- Université Paris Cité Magistère Européen de Génétique, 85 Boulevard Saint-Germain, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Encarni Pérez-Andrés
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - José L. Lavín
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, 48160 Derio, Spain
- NEIKER–Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, Applied Mathematics Department, Bioinformatics Unit, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Monika González-Lopez
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Nuria Macías Cámara
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Ana M. Aransay
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, 48160 Derio, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan José Lozano
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - James D. Sutherland
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Rosa Barrio
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - María Luz Martinez-Chantar
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, 48160 Derio, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mikel Azkargorta
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Félix Elortza
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Mario Soriano-Navarro
- Electron Microscopy Core Facility, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe (CIPF), 46012 Valencia, Spain
| | - Carlos Matute
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Science Park of UPV/EHU, Sede building, 48940 Leioa, Spain
- Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Victoria Sánchez-Gómez
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Science Park of UPV/EHU, Sede building, 48940 Leioa, Spain
- Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Bayón-Cordero
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Science Park of UPV/EHU, Sede building, 48940 Leioa, Spain
- Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Pérez-Samartín
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Science Park of UPV/EHU, Sede building, 48940 Leioa, Spain
- Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana B. Bravo
- Proteomic Unit, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15705 Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Thimo Kurz
- Evotec SE, Innovation Dr, Milton, Abingdon OX14 4RT, UK and School of Molecular Biosciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Tomas Lama-Díaz
- DNA Repair and Genome Integrity Laboratory, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Miguel G. Blanco
- DNA Repair and Genome Integrity Laboratory, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Plaza do Obradoiro s/n, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Saif Haddad
- Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Christopher J. Record
- Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Peter M. van Hasselt
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, Division Pediatrics, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 EA, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Mary M. Reilly
- Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Marta Varela-Rey
- Gene Regulatory Control in Disease Laboratory, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Plaza do Obradoiro s/n, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ashwin Woodhoo
- Gene Regulatory Control in Disease Laboratory, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, 48160 Derio, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain
- Department of Functional Biology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Plaza do Obradoiro s/n, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Oportunius Research Professor at CIMUS/USC, Galician Agency of Innovation (GAIN), Xunta de Galicia, Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
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Iram T, Garcia MA, Amand J, Kaur A, Atkins M, Iyer M, Lam M, Ambiel N, Jorgens DM, Keller A, Wyss-Coray T, Kern F, Zuchero JB. SRF transcriptionally regulates the oligodendrocyte cytoskeleton during CNS myelination. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2307250121. [PMID: 38483990 PMCID: PMC10962977 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2307250121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Myelination of neuronal axons is essential for nervous system development. Myelination requires dramatic cytoskeletal dynamics in oligodendrocytes, but how actin is regulated during myelination is poorly understood. We recently identified serum response factor (SRF)-a transcription factor known to regulate expression of actin and actin regulators in other cell types-as a critical driver of myelination in the aged brain. Yet, a major gap remains in understanding the mechanistic role of SRF in oligodendrocyte lineage cells. Here, we show that SRF is required cell autonomously in oligodendrocytes for myelination during development. Combining ChIP-seq with RNA-seq identifies SRF-target genes in oligodendrocyte precursor cells and oligodendrocytes that include actin and other key cytoskeletal genes. Accordingly, SRF knockout oligodendrocytes exhibit dramatically reduced actin filament levels early in differentiation, consistent with its role in actin-dependent myelin sheath initiation. Surprisingly, oligodendrocyte-restricted loss of SRF results in upregulation of gene signatures associated with aging and neurodegenerative diseases. Together, our findings identify SRF as a transcriptional regulator that controls the expression of cytoskeletal genes required in oligodendrocytes for myelination. This study identifies an essential pathway regulating oligodendrocyte biology with high relevance to brain development, aging, and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tal Iram
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Miguel A. Garcia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Jérémy Amand
- Department of Clinical Bioinformatics, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland–Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Saarland University Campus, Saarbrücken66123, Germany
- Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken66123, Germany
| | - Achint Kaur
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Micaiah Atkins
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Manasi Iyer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Mable Lam
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Nicholas Ambiel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
| | | | - Andreas Keller
- Department of Clinical Bioinformatics, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland–Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Saarland University Campus, Saarbrücken66123, Germany
- Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken66123, Germany
| | - Tony Wyss-Coray
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Fabian Kern
- Department of Clinical Bioinformatics, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland–Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Saarland University Campus, Saarbrücken66123, Germany
- Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken66123, Germany
| | - J. Bradley Zuchero
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
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Zheng C, Tu C, Wang J, Yu Y, Guo X, Sun J, Sun J, Cai W, Yang Q, Sun T. Deciphering Oligodendrocyte Lineages in the Human Fetal Central Nervous System Using Single-Cell RNA Sequencing. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:1737-1752. [PMID: 37775719 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03661-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Oligodendrocytes form myelin sheaths and wrap axons of neurons to facilitate various crucial neurological functions. Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) persist in the embryonic, postnatal, and adult central nervous system (CNS). OPCs and mature oligodendrocytes are involved in a variety of biological processes such as memory, learning, and diseases. How oligodendrocytes are specified in different regions in the CNS, in particular in humans, remains obscure. We here explored oligodendrocyte development in three CNS regions, subpallium, brainstem, and spinal cord, in human fetuses from gestational week 8 (GW8) to GW12 using single-cell RNA sequencing. We detected multiple lineages of OPCs and illustrated distinct developmental trajectories of oligodendrocyte differentiation in three CNS regions. We also identified major genes, particularly transcription factors, which maintain status of OPC proliferation and promote generation of mature oligodendrocytes. Moreover, we discovered new marker genes that might be crucial for oligodendrocyte specification in humans, and detected common and distinct genes expressed in oligodendrocyte lineages in three CNS regions. Our study has demonstrated molecular heterogeneity of oligodendrocyte lineages in different CNS regions and provided references for further investigation of roles of important genes in oligodendrocyte development in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenlin Zheng
- Center for Precision Medicine, School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Chao Tu
- Center for Precision Medicine, School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Center for Precision Medicine, School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yuan Yu
- Center for Precision Medicine, School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xueyu Guo
- Center for Precision Medicine, School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Jason Sun
- Maple Glory United School, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Xiamen Institute of Technology Attached School, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Julianne Sun
- Maple Glory United School, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Xiamen Institute of Technology Attached School, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Wenjie Cai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, First Hospital of Quanzhou, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Qingwei Yang
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Tao Sun
- Center for Precision Medicine, School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
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Keller SH, Johnson GS, Bullock G, Mhlanga-Mutangadura T, Schwartz M, Pattridge SG, Guo J, Kortz GD, Katz ML. Homozygous CNP Mutation and Neurodegeneration in Weimaraners: Myelin Abnormalities and Accumulation of Lipofuscin-like Inclusions. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:246. [PMID: 38397235 PMCID: PMC10888007 DOI: 10.3390/genes15020246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
A progressive neurological disorder was observed in a male neutered Weimaraner. Clinical signs included fecal incontinence, lethargy, moderate paraparesis, proprioceptive pelvic limb ataxia, falling, cognitive decline, incoordination, decreased interest in food, changes in posture, and episodes of trance-like behavior. Neurologic signs were first observed at approximately 4 years, 10 months of age and progressed slowly. Magnetic resonance imaging showed generalized brain atrophy with areas of white matter pathology. Humane euthanasia was elected at 6 years, 7 months of age due to increasing severity of the neurological signs. Autofluorescent intracellular granules were observed in the cerebral and cerebellar cortexes, optic nerve, and cardiac muscle of the affected dog. These abnormal inclusions in the cerebral cortex and cardiac muscle immunolabeled with antibodies to mitochondrial ATP synthase subunit c protein, like that observed in the neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis group of lysosomal storage diseases. Immunolabeling also demonstrated pronounced neuroinflammation in brain tissues. The ultrastructural appearances of the disease-related inclusion bodies in the brain and optic nerve were quite variable. The ultrastructure and locations of many of the inclusions in the nervous tissues suggested that they were derived, at least in part, from the myelin surrounding axons. The storage bodies in the cardiac muscle were located in mitochondria-rich regions and consisted of parallel arrays of membrane-like components interspersed with electron-dense flocculent material. The disease was characterized by pronounced abnormalities in the myelin of the brain and optic nerve consisting of distinctive areas of ballooning between the layers of myelin. The whole genome sequence generated from the affected dog contained a homozygous G-to-A missense mutation in CNP, which encodes proteins with CNPase enzyme activity and a structural role in myelin. The mutation predicts a Thr42Met amino acid sequence substitution. Genotyping of archived Weimaraner DNA samples identified an additional G > A variant homozygote with a clinical history and brain lesions similar to those of the proband. Of 304 Weimaraners and over 4000 other dogs of various breeds, the proband and the other Weimaraner that exhibited similar signs were the only two that were homozygous for the CNP missense variant. CNPase immunolabeling was widespread in brain tissues from normal dogs but was undetectable in the same tissues from the proband. Based on the clinical history, fluorescence and electron-microscopy, immunohistochemistry, and molecular genetic findings, the late-onset Weimaraner disorder likely results from the missense mutation that results in CNPase deficiency, leading to myelin abnormalities, accumulation of lysosomal storage bodies, and brain atrophy. Similar disorders have been associated with different CNP variants in Dalmatians and in human subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan H. Keller
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; (S.H.K.); (G.B.); (T.M.-M.); (S.G.P.); (J.G.)
| | - Gary S. Johnson
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; (S.H.K.); (G.B.); (T.M.-M.); (S.G.P.); (J.G.)
| | - Garrett Bullock
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; (S.H.K.); (G.B.); (T.M.-M.); (S.G.P.); (J.G.)
| | - Tendai Mhlanga-Mutangadura
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; (S.H.K.); (G.B.); (T.M.-M.); (S.G.P.); (J.G.)
| | - Malte Schwartz
- Summit Veterinary Referral Center, Tacoma, WA 98409, USA;
| | - Savannah G. Pattridge
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; (S.H.K.); (G.B.); (T.M.-M.); (S.G.P.); (J.G.)
| | - Juyuan Guo
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; (S.H.K.); (G.B.); (T.M.-M.); (S.G.P.); (J.G.)
| | - Gregg D. Kortz
- VCA Sacramento Veterinary Referral Center, Sacramento, CA 95827, USA;
| | - Martin L. Katz
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
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Fan C, An H, Kim D, Park Y. Uncovering oligodendrocyte enhancers that control Cnp expression. Hum Mol Genet 2023; 32:3225-3236. [PMID: 37642363 PMCID: PMC10656706 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddad141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Oligodendrocytes (OLs) produce myelin sheaths around axons in the central nervous system (CNS). Myelin accelerates the propagation of action potentials along axons and supports the integrity of axons. Impaired myelination has been linked to neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders. As a major component of CNS myelin, 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase (CNP) plays an indispensable role in the axon-supportive function of myelin. Notably, this function requires a high-level expression of CNP in OLs, as evidenced by downregulated expression of CNP in mental disorders and animal models. Little is known about how CNP expression is regulated in OLs. Especially, OL enhancers that govern CNP remain elusive. We have recently developed a powerful method that links OL enhancers to target genes in a principled manner. Here, we applied it to Cnp, uncovering two OL enhancers for it (termed Cnp-E1 and Cnp-E2). Epigenome editing analysis revealed that Cnp-E1 and Cnp-E2 are dedicated to Cnp. ATAC-seq and ChIP-seq data show that Cnp-E1 and Cnp-E2 are conserved OL-specific enhancers. Single cell multi-omics data that jointly profile gene expression and chromatin accessibility suggest that Cnp-E2 plays an important role in Cnp expression in the early stage of OL differentiation while Cnp-E1 sustains it in mature OLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuandong Fan
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Myelin and Glia Exploration, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, United States
| | - Hongjoo An
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Myelin and Glia Exploration, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, United States
| | - Dongkyeong Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Myelin and Glia Exploration, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, United States
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, United States
| | - Yungki Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Myelin and Glia Exploration, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, United States
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6
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Hamanaka G, Hernández IC, Takase H, Ishikawa H, Benboujja F, Kimura S, Fukuda N, Guo S, Lok J, Lo EH, Arai K. Myelination- and migration-associated genes are downregulated after phagocytosis in cultured oligodendrocyte precursor cells. J Neurochem 2023; 167:571-581. [PMID: 37874764 PMCID: PMC10842993 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
In the central nervous system, microglia are responsible for removing infectious agents, damaged/dead cells, and amyloid plaques by phagocytosis. Other cell types, such as astrocytes, are also recently recognized to show phagocytotic activity under some conditions. Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), which belong to the same glial cell family as microglia and astrocytes, may have similar functions. However, it remains largely unknown whether OPCs exhibit phagocytic activity against foreign materials like microglia. To answer this question, we examined the phagocytosis activity of OPCs using primary rat OPC cultures. Since innate phagocytosis activity could trigger cell death pathways, we also investigated whether participating in phagocytosis activity may lead to OPC cell death. Our data shows that cultured OPCs phagocytosed myelin-debris-rich lysates prepared from rat corpus callosum, without progressing to cell death. In contrast to OPCs, mature oligodendrocytes did not show phagocytotic activity against the bait. OPCs also exhibited phagocytosis towards lysates of rat brain cortex and cell membrane debris from cultured astrocytes, but the percentage of OPCs that phagocytosed beta-amyloid was much lower than the myelin debris. We then conducted RNA-seq experiments to examine the transcriptome profile of OPC cultures and found that myelination- and migration-associated genes were downregulated 24 h after phagocytosis. On the other hand, there were a few upregulated genes in OPCs 24 h after phagocytosis. These data confirm that OPCs play a role in debris removal and suggest that OPCs may remain in a quiescent state after phagocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gen Hamanaka
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Iván Coto Hernández
- Surgical Photonics and Engineering Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hajime Takase
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hidehiro Ishikawa
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fouzi Benboujja
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School
| | - Shintaro Kimura
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Norito Fukuda
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shuzhen Guo
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Josephine Lok
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eng H. Lo
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ken Arai
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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7
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Schepers M, Malheiro A, Gamardo AS, Hellings N, Prickaerts J, Moroni L, Vanmierlo T, Wieringa P. Phosphodiesterase (PDE) 4 inhibition boosts Schwann cell myelination in a 3D regeneration model. Eur J Pharm Sci 2023; 185:106441. [PMID: 37004962 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitors have been extensively researched for their anti-inflammatory and neuroregenerative properties. Despite the known neuroplastic and myelin regenerative properties of nonselective PDE4 inhibitors on the central nervous system, the direct impact on peripheral remyelination and subsequent neuroregeneration has not yet been investigated. Therefore, to examine the possible therapeutic effect of PDE4 inhibition on peripheral glia, we assessed the differentiation of primary rat Schwann cells exposed in vitro to the PDE4 inhibitor roflumilast. To further investigate the differentiation promoting effects of roflumilast, we developed a 3D model of rat Schwann cell myelination that closely resembles the in vivo situation. Using these in vitro models, we demonstrated that pan-PDE4 inhibition using roflumilast significantly promoted differentiation of Schwann cells towards a myelinating phenotype, as indicated by the upregulation of myelin proteins, including MBP and MAG. Additionally, we created a unique regenerative model comprised of a 3D co-culture of rat Schwann cells and human iPSC-derived neurons. Schwann cells treated with roflumilast enhanced axonal outgrowth of iPSC-derived nociceptive neurons, which was accompanied by an accelerated myelination speed, thereby showing not only phenotypic but also functional changes of roflumilast-treated Schwann cells. Taken together, the PDE4 inhibitor roflumilast possesses a therapeutic benefit to stimulate Schwann cell differentiation and, subsequently myelination, as demonstrated in the biologically relevant in vitro platform used in this study. These results can aid in the development of novel PDE4 inhibition-based therapies in the advancement of peripheral regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Schepers
- Department Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, European Graduate School of Neuroscience, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, MD 6200, the Netherlands; Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Hasselt 3500, Belgium; University MS Center (UMSC) Hasselt-Pelt, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Afonso Malheiro
- MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, the Netherlands
| | - Adrián Seijas Gamardo
- MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, the Netherlands
| | - Niels Hellings
- Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Hasselt 3500, Belgium; University MS Center (UMSC) Hasselt-Pelt, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Jos Prickaerts
- Department Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, European Graduate School of Neuroscience, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, MD 6200, the Netherlands
| | - Lorenzo Moroni
- MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, the Netherlands
| | - Tim Vanmierlo
- Department Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, European Graduate School of Neuroscience, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, MD 6200, the Netherlands; Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Hasselt 3500, Belgium; University MS Center (UMSC) Hasselt-Pelt, Hasselt, Belgium.
| | - Paul Wieringa
- University MS Center (UMSC) Hasselt-Pelt, Hasselt, Belgium
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8
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Nataf S, Guillen M, Pays L. Irrespective of Plaque Activity, Multiple Sclerosis Brain Periplaques Exhibit Alterations of Myelin Genes and a TGF-Beta Signature. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314993. [PMID: 36499320 PMCID: PMC9738407 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In a substantial share of patients suffering from multiple sclerosis (MS), neurological functions slowly deteriorate despite a lack of radiological activity. Such a silent progression, observed in either relapsing-remitting or progressive forms of MS, is driven by mechanisms that appear to be independent from plaque activity. In this context, we previously reported that, in the spinal cord of MS patients, periplaques cover large surfaces of partial demyelination characterized notably by a transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) molecular signature and a decreased expression of the oligodendrocyte gene NDRG1 (N-Myc downstream regulated 1). In the present work, we re-assessed a previously published RNA expression dataset in which brain periplaques were originally used as internal controls. When comparing the mRNA profiles obtained from brain periplaques with those derived from control normal white matter samples, we found that, irrespective of plaque activity, brain periplaques exhibited a TGF-beta molecular signature, an increased expression of TGFB2 (transforming growth factor beta 2) and a decreased expression of the oligodendrocyte genes NDRG1 (N-Myc downstream regulated 1) and MAG (myelin-associated glycoprotein). From these data obtained at the mRNA level, a survey of the human proteome allowed predicting a protein-protein interaction network linking TGFB2 to the down-regulation of both NDRG1 and MAG in brain periplaques. To further elucidate the role of NDRG1 in periplaque-associated partial demyelination, we then extracted the interaction network linking NDRG1 to proteins detected in human central myelin sheaths. We observed that such a network was highly significantly enriched in RNA-binding proteins that notably included several HNRNPs (heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins) involved in the post-transcriptional regulation of MAG. We conclude that both brain and spinal cord periplaques host a chronic process of tissue remodeling, during which oligodendrocyte myelinating functions are altered. Our findings further suggest that TGFB2 may fuel such a process. Overall, the present work provides additional evidence that periplaque-associated partial demyelination may drive the silent progression observed in a subset of MS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge Nataf
- Bank of Tissues and Cells, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Place d’Arsonval, F-69003 Lyon, France
- Stem-Cell and Brain Research Institute, 18 Avenue de Doyen Lépine, F-69500 Bron, France
- Lyon-Est School of Medicine, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69100 Villeurbanne, France
- Correspondence:
| | - Marine Guillen
- Bank of Tissues and Cells, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Place d’Arsonval, F-69003 Lyon, France
- Stem-Cell and Brain Research Institute, 18 Avenue de Doyen Lépine, F-69500 Bron, France
| | - Laurent Pays
- Bank of Tissues and Cells, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Place d’Arsonval, F-69003 Lyon, France
- Stem-Cell and Brain Research Institute, 18 Avenue de Doyen Lépine, F-69500 Bron, France
- Lyon-Est School of Medicine, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69100 Villeurbanne, France
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9
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Abstract
Efficient neurotransmission is essential for organism survival and is enhanced by myelination. However, the genes that regulate myelin and myelinating glial cell development have not been fully characterized. Data from our lab and others demonstrates that cd59, which encodes for a small GPI-anchored glycoprotein, is highly expressed in developing zebrafish, rodent, and human oligodendrocytes (OLs) and Schwann cells (SCs), and that patients with CD59 dysfunction develop neurological dysfunction during early childhood. Yet, the function of Cd59 in the developing nervous system is currently undefined. In this study, we demonstrate that cd59 is expressed in a subset of developing SCs. Using cd59 mutant zebrafish, we show that developing SCs proliferate excessively and nerves may have reduced myelin volume, altered myelin ultrastructure, and perturbed node of Ranvier assembly. Finally, we demonstrate that complement activity is elevated in cd59 mutants and that inhibiting inflammation restores SC proliferation, myelin volume, and nodes of Ranvier to wildtype levels. Together, this work identifies Cd59 and developmental inflammation as key players in myelinating glial cell development, highlighting the collaboration between glia and the innate immune system to ensure normal neural development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashtyn T Wiltbank
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of VirginiaCharlottesvilleUnited States
- Program in Fundamental Neuroscience, University of VirginiaCharlottesvilleUnited States
| | - Emma R Steinson
- Department of Biology, University of VirginiaCharlottesvilleUnited States
| | - Stacey J Criswell
- Department of Cell Biology, University of VirginiaCharlottesvilleUnited States
| | - Melanie Piller
- Department of Biology, University of VirginiaCharlottesvilleUnited States
| | - Sarah Kucenas
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of VirginiaCharlottesvilleUnited States
- Program in Fundamental Neuroscience, University of VirginiaCharlottesvilleUnited States
- Department of Biology, University of VirginiaCharlottesvilleUnited States
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10
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Yan H, Yang S, Hou Y, Ali S, Escobar A, Gao K, Duan R, Kubisiak T, Wang J, Zhang Y, Xiao J, Jiang Y, Zhang T, Wu Y, Burmeister M, Wang Q, Cuajungco MP, Wang J. Functional Study of TMEM163 Gene Variants Associated with Hypomyelination Leukodystrophy. Cells 2022; 11:cells11081285. [PMID: 35455965 PMCID: PMC9031525 DOI: 10.3390/cells11081285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypomyelinating leukodystrophies (HLDs) are a rare group of heterogeneously genetic disorders characterized by persistent deficit of myelin observed on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). To identify a new disease-associated gene of HLD, trio-based whole exome sequencing was performed for unexplained patients with HLD. Functional studies were performed to confirm the phenotypic effect of candidate protein variants. Two de novo heterozygous variants, c.227T>G p.(L76R) or c.227T>C p.(L76P) in TMEM163 were identified in two unrelated HLD patients. TMEM163 protein is a zinc efflux transporter localized within the plasma membrane, lysosomes, early endosomes, and other vesicular compartments. It has not been associated with hypomyelination. Functional zinc flux assays in HeLa cells stably-expressing TMEM163 protein variants, L76R and L76P, revealed distinct attenuation or enhancement of zinc efflux, respectively. Experiments using a zebrafish model with knockdown of tmem163a and tmem163b (morphants) showed that loss of tmem163 causes dysplasia of the larvae, locomotor disability and myelin deficit. Expression of human wild type TMEM163 mRNAs in morphants rescues the phenotype, while the TMEM163 L76P and L76R mutants aggravated the condition. Moreover, poor proliferation, elevated apoptosis of oligodendrocytes, and reduced oligodendrocytes and neurons were also observed in zebrafish morphants. Our findings suggest an unappreciated role for TMEM163 protein in myelin development and add TMEM163 to a growing list of genes associated with hypomyelination leukodystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifang Yan
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China; (H.Y.); (K.G.); (R.D.); (J.W.); (Y.Z.); (Y.J.); (Y.W.)
- Joint International Research Center of Translational and Clinical Research, Beijing 100191, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis and Study on Pediatric Genetic Diseases, Beijing 100034, China
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (T.K.); (M.B.)
| | - Shuyan Yang
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China; (S.Y.); (T.Z.)
| | - Yiming Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (Y.H.); (Q.W.)
| | - Saima Ali
- Department of Biological Science, California State University, Fullerton, CA 92831, USA; (S.A.); (A.E.)
| | - Adrian Escobar
- Department of Biological Science, California State University, Fullerton, CA 92831, USA; (S.A.); (A.E.)
| | - Kai Gao
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China; (H.Y.); (K.G.); (R.D.); (J.W.); (Y.Z.); (Y.J.); (Y.W.)
| | - Ruoyu Duan
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China; (H.Y.); (K.G.); (R.D.); (J.W.); (Y.Z.); (Y.J.); (Y.W.)
| | - Thomas Kubisiak
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (T.K.); (M.B.)
| | - Junyu Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China; (H.Y.); (K.G.); (R.D.); (J.W.); (Y.Z.); (Y.J.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China; (H.Y.); (K.G.); (R.D.); (J.W.); (Y.Z.); (Y.J.); (Y.W.)
| | - Jiangxi Xiao
- Department of Radiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China;
| | - Yuwu Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China; (H.Y.); (K.G.); (R.D.); (J.W.); (Y.Z.); (Y.J.); (Y.W.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis and Study on Pediatric Genetic Diseases, Beijing 100034, China
- Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health and Family Planning Commission, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China; (S.Y.); (T.Z.)
| | - Ye Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China; (H.Y.); (K.G.); (R.D.); (J.W.); (Y.Z.); (Y.J.); (Y.W.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis and Study on Pediatric Genetic Diseases, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Margit Burmeister
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (T.K.); (M.B.)
- Departments of Computational Medicine & Bioinformatics, Psychiatry and Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (Y.H.); (Q.W.)
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Math P. Cuajungco
- Department of Biological Science, California State University, Fullerton, CA 92831, USA; (S.A.); (A.E.)
- Center for Applied Biotechnology Studies, California State University, Fullerton, CA 92831, USA
- Correspondence: (M.P.C.); (J.W.)
| | - Jingmin Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China; (H.Y.); (K.G.); (R.D.); (J.W.); (Y.Z.); (Y.J.); (Y.W.)
- Joint International Research Center of Translational and Clinical Research, Beijing 100191, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis and Study on Pediatric Genetic Diseases, Beijing 100034, China
- Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health and Family Planning Commission, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Correspondence: (M.P.C.); (J.W.)
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11
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Egawa N, Hamanaka G, Chung KK, Ishikawa H, Shindo A, Maki T, Takahashi R, Inoue H, Lo EH, Arai K. High Mobility Group A1 Regulates Transcription Levels of Oligodendrocyte Marker Genes in Cultured Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042236. [PMID: 35216347 PMCID: PMC8878090 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) serve as progenitor cells of terminally differentiated oligodendrocytes. Past studies have confirmed the importance of epigenetic system in OPC differentiation to oligodendrocytes. High mobility group A1 (HMGA1) is a small non-histone nuclear protein that binds DNA and modifies the chromatin conformational state. However, it is still completely unknown about the roles of HMGA1 in the process of OPC differentiation. In this study, we prepared primary OPC cultures from the neonatal rat cortex and examined whether the loss- and gain-of-function of HMGA1 would change the mRNA levels of oligodendrocyte markers, such as Cnp, Mbp, Myrf, and Plp during the process of OPC differentiation. In our system, the mRNA levels of Cnp, Mbp, Myrf, and Plp increased depending on the oligodendrocyte maturation step, but the level of Hmga1 mRNA decreased. When HMGA1 was knocked down by a siRNA approach, the mRNA levels of Cnp, Mbp, Myrf, and Plp were smaller in OPCs with Hmga1 siRNA compared to the ones in the control OPCs. On the contrary, when HMGA1 expression was increased by transfection of the Hmga1 plasmid, the mRNA levels of Cnp, Mbp, Myrf, and Plp were slightly larger compared to the ones in the control OPCs. These data may suggest that HMGA1 participates in the process of OPC differentiation by regulating the mRNA expression level of myelin-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naohiro Egawa
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA; (G.H.); (K.K.C.); (H.I.); (A.S.); (T.M.); (E.H.L.)
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan;
- iPSC-Based Drug Discovery and Development Team, RIKEN BioResource Research Center (BRC), Kyoto 619-0237, Japan;
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- Correspondence: (N.E.); (K.A.); Tel.: +1-617-724-9503 (N.E. & K.A.)
| | - Gen Hamanaka
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA; (G.H.); (K.K.C.); (H.I.); (A.S.); (T.M.); (E.H.L.)
| | - Kelly K. Chung
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA; (G.H.); (K.K.C.); (H.I.); (A.S.); (T.M.); (E.H.L.)
| | - Hidehiro Ishikawa
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA; (G.H.); (K.K.C.); (H.I.); (A.S.); (T.M.); (E.H.L.)
| | - Akihiro Shindo
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA; (G.H.); (K.K.C.); (H.I.); (A.S.); (T.M.); (E.H.L.)
| | - Takakuni Maki
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA; (G.H.); (K.K.C.); (H.I.); (A.S.); (T.M.); (E.H.L.)
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan;
| | - Ryosuke Takahashi
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan;
| | - Haruhisa Inoue
- iPSC-Based Drug Discovery and Development Team, RIKEN BioResource Research Center (BRC), Kyoto 619-0237, Japan;
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- Medical-Risk Avoidance Based on iPS Cells Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project (AIP), Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Eng H. Lo
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA; (G.H.); (K.K.C.); (H.I.); (A.S.); (T.M.); (E.H.L.)
| | - Ken Arai
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA; (G.H.); (K.K.C.); (H.I.); (A.S.); (T.M.); (E.H.L.)
- Correspondence: (N.E.); (K.A.); Tel.: +1-617-724-9503 (N.E. & K.A.)
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12
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Domingo A, Yadav R, Shah S, Hendriks WT, Erdin S, Gao D, O'Keefe K, Currall B, Gusella JF, Sharma N, Ozelius LJ, Ehrlich ME, Talkowski ME, Bragg DC. Dystonia-specific mutations in THAP1 alter transcription of genes associated with neurodevelopment and myelin. Am J Hum Genet 2021; 108:2145-2158. [PMID: 34672987 PMCID: PMC8595948 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2021.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Dystonia is a neurologic disorder associated with an increasingly large number of genetic variants in many genes, resulting in characteristic disturbances in volitional movement. Dissecting the relationships between these mutations and their functional outcomes is critical in understanding the pathways that drive dystonia pathogenesis. Here we established a pipeline for characterizing an allelic series of dystonia-specific mutations. We used this strategy to investigate the molecular consequences of genetic variation in THAP1, which encodes a transcription factor linked to neural differentiation. Multiple pathogenic mutations associated with dystonia cluster within distinct THAP1 functional domains and are predicted to alter DNA-binding properties and/or protein interactions differently, yet the relative impact of these varied changes on molecular signatures and neural deficits is unclear. To determine the effects of these mutations on THAP1 transcriptional activity, we engineered an allelic series of eight alterations in a common induced pluripotent stem cell background and differentiated these lines into a panel of near-isogenic neural stem cells (n = 94 lines). Transcriptome profiling followed by joint analysis of the most robust signatures across mutations identified a convergent pattern of dysregulated genes functionally related to neurodevelopment, lysosomal lipid metabolism, and myelin. On the basis of these observations, we examined mice bearing Thap1-disruptive alleles and detected significant changes in myelin gene expression and reduction of myelin structural integrity relative to control mice. These results suggest that deficits in neurodevelopment and myelination are common consequences of dystonia-associated THAP1 mutations and highlight the potential role of neuron-glial interactions in the pathogenesis of dystonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aloysius Domingo
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; The Collaborative Center for X-Linked Dystonia-Parkinsonism, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Program in Medical and Population Genetics and Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Rachita Yadav
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; The Collaborative Center for X-Linked Dystonia-Parkinsonism, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Program in Medical and Population Genetics and Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Shivangi Shah
- The Collaborative Center for X-Linked Dystonia-Parkinsonism, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - William T Hendriks
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; The Collaborative Center for X-Linked Dystonia-Parkinsonism, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Serkan Erdin
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Program in Medical and Population Genetics and Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Dadi Gao
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; The Collaborative Center for X-Linked Dystonia-Parkinsonism, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Program in Medical and Population Genetics and Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Kathryn O'Keefe
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Program in Medical and Population Genetics and Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Benjamin Currall
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Program in Medical and Population Genetics and Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - James F Gusella
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Program in Medical and Population Genetics and Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Nutan Sharma
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; The Collaborative Center for X-Linked Dystonia-Parkinsonism, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Laurie J Ozelius
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; The Collaborative Center for X-Linked Dystonia-Parkinsonism, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Michelle E Ehrlich
- Departments of Neurology, Pediatrics, and Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Michael E Talkowski
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; The Collaborative Center for X-Linked Dystonia-Parkinsonism, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Program in Medical and Population Genetics and Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - D Cristopher Bragg
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; The Collaborative Center for X-Linked Dystonia-Parkinsonism, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.
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13
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Berghoff SA, Spieth L, Sun T, Hosang L, Depp C, Sasmita AO, Vasileva MH, Scholz P, Zhao Y, Krueger-Burg D, Wichert S, Brown ER, Michail K, Nave KA, Bonn S, Odoardi F, Rossner M, Ischebeck T, Edgar JM, Saher G. Neuronal cholesterol synthesis is essential for repair of chronically demyelinated lesions in mice. Cell Rep 2021; 37:109889. [PMID: 34706227 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocyte-derived cholesterol supports brain cells under physiological conditions. However, in demyelinating lesions, astrocytes downregulate cholesterol synthesis, and the cholesterol that is essential for remyelination has to originate from other cellular sources. Here, we show that repair following acute versus chronic demyelination involves distinct processes. In particular, in chronic myelin disease, when recycling of lipids is often defective, de novo neuronal cholesterol synthesis is critical for regeneration. By gene expression profiling, genetic loss-of-function experiments, and comprehensive phenotyping, we provide evidence that neurons increase cholesterol synthesis in chronic myelin disease models and in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). In mouse models, neuronal cholesterol facilitates remyelination specifically by triggering oligodendrocyte precursor cell proliferation. Our data contribute to the understanding of disease progression and have implications for therapeutic strategies in patients with MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan A Berghoff
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Lena Spieth
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ting Sun
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany; Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Leon Hosang
- Institute for Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Research, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Constanze Depp
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Andrew O Sasmita
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Martina H Vasileva
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Patricia Scholz
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Yu Zhao
- Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dilja Krueger-Burg
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sven Wichert
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Euan R Brown
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, James Naysmith Building, Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Kyriakos Michail
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, James Naysmith Building, Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Klaus-Armin Nave
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Bonn
- Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Francesca Odoardi
- Institute for Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Research, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Moritz Rossner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Till Ischebeck
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; Service Unit for Metabolomics and Lipidomics, Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Julia M Edgar
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany; Axo-glial Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Gesine Saher
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany.
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14
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Wang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang S, Kim B, Hull VL, Xu J, Prabhu P, Gregory M, Martinez-Cerdeno V, Zhan X, Deng W, Guo F. PARP1-mediated PARylation activity is essential for oligodendroglial differentiation and CNS myelination. Cell Rep 2021; 37:109695. [PMID: 34610310 PMCID: PMC9586836 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The function of poly(ADP-ribosyl) polymerase 1 (PARP1) in myelination and remyelination of the central nervous system (CNS) remains enigmatic. Here, we report that PARP1 is an intrinsic driver for oligodendroglial development and myelination. Genetic PARP1 depletion impairs the differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) into oligodendrocytes and impedes CNS myelination. Mechanistically, PARP1-mediated PARylation activity is not only necessary but also sufficient for OPC differentiation. At the molecular level, we identify the RNA-binding protein Myef2 as a PARylated target, which controls OPC differentiation through the PARylation-modulated derepression of myelin protein expression. Furthermore, PARP1’s enzymatic activity is necessary for oligodendrocyte and myelin regeneration after demyelination. Together, our findings suggest that PARP1-mediated PARylation activity may be a potential therapeutic target for promoting OPC differentiation and remyelination in neurological disorders characterized by arrested OPC differentiation and remyelination failure such as multiple sclerosis. Wang et al. show that PARP1-mediated PARylation promotes oligodendroglial differentiation and regeneration. They demonstrate that PARP1 PARylates proteins relating to RNA metabolism under physiological conditions and that Myef2 is identified as one of the potential targets that mediates PARP1-regulated myelin gene expression at the posttranscriptional level during oligodendroglial development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95817, USA; Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine (IPRM), Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Yanhong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95817, USA; Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine (IPRM), Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95817, USA; Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine (IPRM), Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Bokyung Kim
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95817, USA; Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine (IPRM), Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Vanessa L Hull
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95817, USA; Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine (IPRM), Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Jie Xu
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine (IPRM), Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Preeti Prabhu
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95817, USA; Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine (IPRM), Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Maria Gregory
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95817, USA; Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine (IPRM), Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Veronica Martinez-Cerdeno
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95817, USA; Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine (IPRM), Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Xinhua Zhan
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95817, USA
| | - Wenbin Deng
- Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95817, USA
| | - Fuzheng Guo
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95817, USA; Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine (IPRM), Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
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15
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Farías-Serratos BM, Lazcano I, Villalobos P, Darras VM, Orozco A. Thyroid hormone deficiency during zebrafish development impairs central nervous system myelination. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0256207. [PMID: 34403440 PMCID: PMC8370640 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormones are messengers that bind to specific nuclear receptors and regulate a wide range of physiological processes in the early stages of vertebrate embryonic development, including neurodevelopment and myelogenesis. We here tested the effects of reduced T3 availability upon the myelination process by treating zebrafish embryos with low concentrations of iopanoic acid (IOP) to block T4 to T3 conversion. Black Gold II staining showed that T3 deficiency reduced the myelin density in the forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain and the spinal cord at 3 and 7 dpf. These observations were confirmed in 3 dpf mbp:egfp transgenic zebrafish, showing that the administration of IOP reduced the fluorescent signal in the brain. T3 rescue treatment restored brain myelination and reversed the changes in myelin-related gene expression induced by IOP exposure. NG2 immunostaining revealed that T3 deficiency reduced the amount of oligodendrocyte precursor cells in 3 dpf IOP-treated larvae. Altogether, the present results show that inhibition of T4 to T3 conversion results in hypomyelination, suggesting that THs are part of the key signaling molecules that control the timing of oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelin synthesis from very early stages of brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Iván Lazcano
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Querétaro, Qro., México
| | - Patricia Villalobos
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Querétaro, Qro., México
| | - Veerle M. Darras
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Querétaro, Qro., México
- Biology Department, Laboratory of Comparative Endocrinology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Aurea Orozco
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Querétaro, Qro., México
- * E-mail:
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16
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Pusic KM, Kraig RP, Pusic AD. IFNγ-stimulated dendritic cell extracellular vesicles can be nasally administered to the brain and enter oligodendrocytes. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0255778. [PMID: 34388189 PMCID: PMC8363003 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles secreted from IFNγ-stimulated rat dendritic cells (referred to here as IFNγ-DC-EVs) contain miRNAs which promote myelination (including but not limited to miR-219), and preferentially enter oligodendrocytes in brain slice cultures. IFNγ-DC-EVs also increase myelination when nasally administered to naïve rats. While we can infer that these extracellular vesicles enter the CNS from functional studies, here we demonstrate biodistribution throughout the brain after nasal delivery by way of imaging studies. After nasal administration, Xenolight DiR-labelled IFNγ-DC-EVs were detected 30 minutes later throughout the brain and the cervical spinal cord. We next examined cellular uptake of IFNγ-DC-EVs by transfecting IFNγ-DC-EVs with mCherry mRNA prior to nasal administration. mCherry-positive cells were found along the rostrocaudal axis of the brain to the brainstem. These cells morphologically resembled oligodendrocytes, and indeed cell-specific co-staining for neurons, astrocytes, microglia and oligodendrocytes showed that mcherry positive cells were predominantly oligodendrocytes. This is in keeping with our prior in vitro results showing that IFNγ-DC-EVs are preferentially taken up by oligodendrocytes, and to a lesser extent, microglia. To confirm that IFNγ-DC-EVs delivered cargo to oligodendrocytes, we quantified protein levels of miR-219 mRNA targets expressed in oligodendrocyte lineage cells, and found significantly reduced expression. Finally, we compared intranasal versus intravenous delivery of Xenolight DiR-labelled IFNγ-DC-EVs. Though labelled IFNγ-DC-EVs entered the CNS via both routes, we found that nasal delivery more specifically targeted the CNS with less accumulation in the liver. Taken together, these data show that intranasal administration is an effective route for delivery of IFNγ-DC-EVs to the CNS, and provides additional support for their development as an EV-based neurotherapeutic that, for the first time, targets oligodendrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kae M. Pusic
- Department of Neurology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Richard P. Kraig
- Department of Neurology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Aya D. Pusic
- Department of Neurology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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17
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Misko A, Wood L, Kiselyov K, Slaugenhaupt S, Grishchuk Y. Progress in elucidating pathophysiology of mucolipidosis IV. Neurosci Lett 2021; 755:135944. [PMID: 33965501 PMCID: PMC8253105 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.135944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Mucolipidosis IV (MLIV) is an autosomal-recessive disease caused by loss-of-function mutations in the MCOLN1 gene encoding the non-selective cationic lysosomal channel transient receptor potential mucolipin-1 (TRPML1). Patients with MLIV suffer from severe motor and cognitive deficits that manifest in early infancy and progressive loss of vision leading to blindness in the second decade of life. There are no therapies available for MLIV and the unmet medical need is extremely high. Here we review the spectrum of clinical presentations and the latest research in the MLIV pre-clinical model, with the aim of highlighting the progress in understanding the pathophysiology of the disease. These highlights include elucidation of the neurodevelopmental versus neurodegenerative features over the course of disease, hypomyelination as one of the major brain pathological disease hallmarks, and dysregulation of cytokines, with emerging evidence of IFN-gamma pathway upregulation in response to TRPML1 loss and pro-inflammatory activation of astrocytes and microglia. These scientific advances in the MLIV field provide a basis for future translational research, including biomarker and therapy development, that are desperately needed for this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Misko
- Center for Genomic Medicine and Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, United States
| | - Levi Wood
- Georgia W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, and Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, United States
| | - Kirill Kiselyov
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, United States
| | - Susan Slaugenhaupt
- Center for Genomic Medicine and Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, United States
| | - Yulia Grishchuk
- Center for Genomic Medicine and Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, United States.
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18
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Moyon S, Frawley R, Marechal D, Huang D, Marshall-Phelps KLH, Kegel L, Bøstrand SMK, Sadowski B, Jiang YH, Lyons DA, Möbius W, Casaccia P. TET1-mediated DNA hydroxymethylation regulates adult remyelination in mice. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3359. [PMID: 34099715 PMCID: PMC8185117 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23735-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms regulating myelin repair in the adult central nervous system (CNS) are unclear. Here, we identify DNA hydroxymethylation, catalyzed by the Ten-Eleven-Translocation (TET) enzyme TET1, as necessary for myelin repair in young adults and defective in old mice. Constitutive and inducible oligodendrocyte lineage-specific ablation of Tet1 (but not of Tet2), recapitulate this age-related decline in repair of demyelinated lesions. DNA hydroxymethylation and transcriptomic analyses identify TET1-target in adult oligodendrocytes, as genes regulating neuro-glial communication, including the solute carrier (Slc) gene family. Among them, we show that the expression levels of the Na+/K+/Cl- transporter, SLC12A2, are higher in Tet1 overexpressing cells and lower in old or Tet1 knockout. Both aged mice and Tet1 mutants also present inefficient myelin repair and axo-myelinic swellings. Zebrafish mutants for slc12a2b also display swellings of CNS myelinated axons. Our findings suggest that TET1 is required for adult myelin repair and regulation of the axon-myelin interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Moyon
- Neuroscience Initiative Advanced Science Research Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Rebecca Frawley
- Neuroscience Initiative Advanced Science Research Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Damien Marechal
- Neuroscience Initiative Advanced Science Research Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dennis Huang
- Neuroscience Initiative Advanced Science Research Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Linde Kegel
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Boguslawa Sadowski
- Department of Neurogenetics, Göttingen, Germany
- Electron Microscopy Core Unit, Max-Planck-Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
- Center Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Yong-Hui Jiang
- Department of Neurobiology and Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Wiebke Möbius
- Department of Neurogenetics, Göttingen, Germany
- Electron Microscopy Core Unit, Max-Planck-Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
- Center Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Patrizia Casaccia
- Neuroscience Initiative Advanced Science Research Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Program of Biology and Biochemistry, The Graduate Center of The City University of New York, New York, NY, USA.
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19
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Huff TC, Sant DW, Camarena V, Van Booven D, Andrade NS, Mustafi S, Monje PV, Wang G. Vitamin C regulates Schwann cell myelination by promoting DNA demethylation of pro-myelinating genes. J Neurochem 2021; 157:1759-1773. [PMID: 32219848 PMCID: PMC7530063 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) is critical for Schwann cells to myelinate peripheral nerve axons during development and remyelination after injury. However, its exact mechanism remains elusive. Vitamin C is a dietary nutrient that was recently discovered to promote active DNA demethylation. Schwann cell myelination is characterized by global DNA demethylation in vivo and may therefore be regulated by vitamin C. We found that vitamin C induces a massive transcriptomic shift (n = 3,848 genes) in primary cultured Schwann cells while simultaneously producing a global increase in genomic 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), a DNA demethylation intermediate which regulates transcription. Vitamin C up-regulates 10 pro-myelinating genes which exhibit elevated 5hmC content in both the promoter and gene body regions of these loci following treatment. Using a mouse model of human vitamin C metabolism, we found that maternal dietary vitamin C deficiency causes peripheral nerve hypomyelination throughout early development in resulting offspring. Additionally, dietary vitamin C intake regulates the expression of myelin-related proteins such as periaxin (PRX) and myelin basic protein (MBP) during development and remyelination after injury in mice. Taken together, these results suggest that vitamin C cooperatively promotes myelination through 1) increased DNA demethylation and transcription of pro-myelinating genes, and 2) its known role in stabilizing collagen helices to form the basal lamina that is necessary for myelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler C. Huff
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - David W. Sant
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Vladimir Camarena
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Derek Van Booven
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Nadja S. Andrade
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Center for Therapeutic Innovation, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Sushmita Mustafi
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Paula V. Monje
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Gaofeng Wang
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
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20
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Yergert KM, Doll CA, O’Rouke R, Hines JH, Appel B. Identification of 3' UTR motifs required for mRNA localization to myelin sheaths in vivo. PLoS Biol 2021; 19:e3001053. [PMID: 33439856 PMCID: PMC7837478 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelin is a specialized membrane produced by oligodendrocytes that insulates and supports axons. Oligodendrocytes extend numerous cellular processes, as projections of the plasma membrane, and simultaneously wrap multiple layers of myelin membrane around target axons. Notably, myelin sheaths originating from the same oligodendrocyte are variable in size, suggesting local mechanisms regulate myelin sheath growth. Purified myelin contains ribosomes and hundreds of mRNAs, supporting a model that mRNA localization and local protein synthesis regulate sheath growth and maturation. However, the mechanisms by which mRNAs are selectively enriched in myelin sheaths are unclear. To investigate how mRNAs are targeted to myelin sheaths, we tested the hypothesis that transcripts are selected for myelin enrichment through consensus sequences in the 3' untranslated region (3' UTR). Using methods to visualize mRNA in living zebrafish larvae, we identified candidate 3' UTRs that were sufficient to localize mRNA to sheaths and enriched near growth zones of nascent membrane. We bioinformatically identified motifs common in 3' UTRs from 3 myelin-enriched transcripts and determined that these motifs are required and sufficient in a context-dependent manner for mRNA transport to myelin sheaths. Finally, we show that 1 motif is highly enriched in the myelin transcriptome, suggesting that this sequence is a global regulator of mRNA localization during developmental myelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie M. Yergert
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Caleb A. Doll
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Rebecca O’Rouke
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Jacob H. Hines
- Department of Biology, Winona State University, Winona, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Bruce Appel
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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21
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Welsink-Karssies MM, Schrantee A, Caan MWA, Hollak CEM, Janssen MCH, Oussoren E, de Vries MC, Roosendaal SD, Engelen M, Bosch AM. Gray and white matter are both affected in classical galactosemia: An explorative study on the association between neuroimaging and clinical outcome. Mol Genet Metab 2020; 131:370-379. [PMID: 33199205 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2020.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Classical Galactosemia (CG) is an inherited disorder of galactose metabolism caused by a deficiency of the galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase (GALT) enzyme resulting in neurocognitive complications. As in many Inborn Errors of Metabolism, the metabolic pathway of CG is well-defined, but the pathophysiology and high variability in clinical outcome are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to investigate structural changes of the brain of CG patients on MRI and their association with clinical outcome. METHODS In this prospective cohort study an MRI protocol was developed to evaluate gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) volume of the cerebrum and cerebellum, WM hyperintensity volume, WM microstructure and myelin content with the use of conventional MRI techniques, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and quantitative T1 mapping. The association between several neuroimaging parameters and both neurological and intellectual outcome was investigated. RESULTS Twenty-one patients with CG (median age 22 years, range 8-47) and 24 controls (median age 30, range 16-52) were included. Compared to controls, the WM of CG patients was lower in volume and the microstructure of WM was impaired both in the whole brain and corticospinal tract (CST) and the lower R1 values of WM, GM and the CST were indicative of less myelin. The volume of WM lesions were comparable between patients and controls. The 9/16 patients with a poor neurological outcome (defined as the presence of a tremor and/or dystonia), demonstrated a lower WM volume, an impaired WM microstructure and lower R1 values of the WM indicative of less myelin content compared to 7/16 patients without movement disorders. In 15/21 patients with a poor intellectual outcome (defined as an IQ < 85) both GM and WM were affected with a lower cerebral and cerebellar WM and GM volume compared to 6/21 patients with an IQ ≥ 85. Both the severity of the tremor (as indicated by the Tremor Rating Scale) and IQ (as continuous measure) were associated with several neuroimaging parameters such as GM volume, WM volume, CSF volume, WM microstructure parameters and R1 values of GM and WM. CONCLUSION In this explorative study performed in patients with Classical Galactosemia, not only WM but also GM pathology was found, with more severe brain abnormalities on MRI in patients with a poor neurological and intellectual outcome. The finding that structural changes of the brain were associated with the severity of long-term complications indicates that quantitative MRI techniques could be of use to explain neurological and cognitive dysfunction as part of the disease spectrum. Based on the clinical outcome of patients, the absence of widespread WM lesions and the finding that both GM and WM are affected, CG could be primarily a GM disease with secondary damage to the WM as a result of neuronal degeneration. To investigate this further the course of GM and WM should be evaluated in longitudinal research, which could also clarify if CG is a neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mendy M Welsink-Karssies
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Metabolic Disorders, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anouk Schrantee
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Matthan W A Caan
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amsterdam University Medical Center, location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Carla E M Hollak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mirian C H Janssen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Esmee Oussoren
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maaike C de Vries
- Department of Pediatrics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Stefan D Roosendaal
- Department of Radiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marc Engelen
- Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Annet M Bosch
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Metabolic Disorders, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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22
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Perlejewski K, Bukowska-Ośko I, Rydzanicz M, Dzieciątkowski T, Zakrzewska-Pniewska B, Podlecka-Piętowska A, Filipiak A, Barć K, Caraballo Cortés K, Pawełczyk A, Radkowski M, Laskus T. Search for viral agents in cerebrospinal fluid in patients with multiple sclerosis using real-time PCR and metagenomics. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0240601. [PMID: 33112911 PMCID: PMC7592794 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, immune-mediated demyelinating disease of the central nervous system of unclear etiology, but there is some evidence that viral infections could be responsible for triggering autoimmune mechanisms against myelin. We searched for viral RNA and DNA in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 34 MS patients and 13 controls using RT-PCR/PCR against common neurotropic viruses. In addition, shotgun DNA- and RNA-based metagenomics were done in 13 MS patients and 4 controls. Specific quantitative real-time RT-PCR/PCR testing revealed the presence of viral nucleic acid in seven (20.59%) MS patients and in one (7.69%) control patient. In MS patients the most frequently detected was human herpesvirus type 6 (HHV-6; 3 cases; 8.82%); followed by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV; 2 cases; 5.88%), varicella zoster virus (VZV; 1 case; 2.94%) and Enterovirus (EV; 1 case; 2.94%). The single identified virus among controls was EBV (7.69%). DNA and RNA metagenomic assays did not identify any known eukaryotic viruses even though three of the analyzed samples were low-level positive by specific quantitative real-time PCR. In conclusion, we detected the presence of Herpesviridae and occasionally Enteroviridae in CSF from patients with MS but their prevalence was not significantly higher than among controls. Metagenomic analysis seems to be less sensitive than real-time RT-PCR/PCR and it did not detect any potential viral pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol Perlejewski
- Department of Immunopathology of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- * E-mail:
| | - Iwona Bukowska-Ośko
- Department of Immunopathology of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Rydzanicz
- Department of the Medical Genetics, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | | | | | - Agata Filipiak
- University Clinical Center of Medical University of Warsaw, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Barć
- University Clinical Center of Medical University of Warsaw, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kamila Caraballo Cortés
- Department of Immunopathology of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Pawełczyk
- Department of Immunopathology of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marek Radkowski
- Department of Immunopathology of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Laskus
- Department of Adult Infectious Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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23
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Nava-Castro KE, Cortes C, Eguibar JR, Del Rio-Araiza VH, Hernández-Bello R, Morales-Montor J. The deficiency of myelin in the mutant taiep rat induces a differential immune response related to protection from the human parasite Trichinella spiralis. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231803. [PMID: 32817660 PMCID: PMC7444528 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Taiep rat is a myelin mutant with a progressive motor syndrome characterized by tremor, ataxia, immobility episodes, epilepsy and paralysis of the hindlimbs. Taiep had an initial hypomyelination followed by a progressive demyelination associated with an increased expression of some interleukins and their receptors. The pathology correlated with an increase in nitric oxide activity and lipoperoxidation. In base of the above evidences taiep rat is an appropriate model to study neuroimmune interactions. The aim of this study was to analyze the immune responses in male taiep rats after acute infection with Trichinella spiralis. Our results show that there is an important decrease in the number of intestinal larvae in the taiep rat with respect to Sprague-Dawley control rats. We also found differences in the percentage of innate and adaptive immune cell profile in the mesenteric lymphatic nodes and the spleen that correlated with the demyelination process that took place on taiep subjects. Finally, a clear pro-inflammatory cytokine pattern was seen on infected taiep rats, that could be responsible of the decrement in the number of larvae number. These results sustain the theory that neuroimmune interaction is a fundamental process capable of modulating the immune response, particularly against the parasite Trichinella spiralis in an animal model of progressive demyelination due to tubulinopathy, that could be an important mechanism for the clinical course of autoimmune diseases associated with parasite infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Elizabeth Nava-Castro
- Laboratorio de Genotoxicología y Mutagénesis Ambientales, Departamento de Genotoxicología y Medicina Ambientales, Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Carmen Cortes
- Institute of Physiology, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
- * E-mail: , (JM-M); (CC)
| | - José Ramón Eguibar
- Institute of Physiology, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
- Research Office of the Vice-Rectory of Research and Postgraduate Studies, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
| | - Víctor Hugo Del Rio-Araiza
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Romel Hernández-Bello
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
| | - Jorge Morales-Montor
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
- * E-mail: , (JM-M); (CC)
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24
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Remer J, Dean DC, Chen K, Reiman RA, Huentelman MJ, Reiman EM, Deoni SCL. Longitudinal white matter and cognitive development in pediatric carriers of the apolipoprotein ε4 allele. Neuroimage 2020; 222:117243. [PMID: 32822813 PMCID: PMC7779366 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated cross-sectional differences in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measurements of white matter myelin and gray matter in infants with or without the apolipoprotein ε4 allele, a major genetic risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this study, we sought to compare longitudinal MRI white matter myelin and cognitive-behavioral changes in infants and young children with and without this allele. Serial MRI and cognitive tests were obtained on 223 infants and young children, including 74 ε4 carriers and 149 non-carriers, 2–68 months of age, matched for age, gestational duration, birth weight, sex ratio, maternal age, education, and socioeconomic status. Automated brain mapping algorithms and non-linear mixed models were used to characterize and compare trajectories of white matter myelin and cognitive-behavioral test scores. The APOE ε4 carriers had statistically significant differences in white matter myelin development, in the uncinate fasciculus, temporal lobe, internal capsule and occipital lobe. Additionally, ε4 carriers had a slightly greater rate of development in early learning composite a surrogate measure of IQ representative of expressive language, receptive language, fine motor, and visual skills, but displayed slightly lower non verbal development quotient scores a composite measure of fine motor and visual skills across the entire age range. This study supports the possibility that ε4 carriers have slightly altered rates of white matter and cognitive development in childhood. It continues to raise questions about the role of APOE in human brain development and the relevance of these developmental differences to the predisposition to AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Remer
- Advanced Baby Imaging Lab, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Warren Alpert Medical School at Brown University, Providence RI, USA.
| | - Douglas C Dean
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison WI 53705 USA; Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison WI 5305 USA; Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison WI 53705 USA
| | - Kewei Chen
- Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium, University of Arizona School of Medicine, Tucson and Phoenix AZ, USA; Banner Alzheimer's Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA; University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ, USA; Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Rebecca A Reiman
- Banner Alzheimer's Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA; Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Matthew J Huentelman
- Banner Alzheimer's Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA; Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Eric M Reiman
- Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium, University of Arizona School of Medicine, Tucson and Phoenix AZ, USA; Banner Alzheimer's Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA; University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ, USA; Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA; Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Sean C L Deoni
- Advanced Baby Imaging Lab, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Warren Alpert Medical School at Brown University, Providence RI, USA; Maternal, Newborn, and Child Health Discovery and Tools, Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation; Seattle WA, USA
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25
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Chiricosta L, Gugliandolo A, Bramanti P, Mazzon E. Could the Heat Shock Proteins 70 Family Members Exacerbate the Immune Response in Multiple Sclerosis? An in Silico Study. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11060615. [PMID: 32503176 PMCID: PMC7348765 DOI: 10.3390/genes11060615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. It represents one of the main causes of neurological disability in young people. In MS, the autoimmune response is directed against myelin antigens but other possible bio-molecular markers are investigated. The aim of this work was, through an in silico study, the evaluation of the transcriptional modifications between healthy subjects and MS patients in six brain areas (corpus callosum, hippocampus, internal capsule, optic chiasm, frontal and parietal cortex) in order to identify genes representative of the disease. Our results show the upregulation of the Heat Shock Proteins (HSPs) HSPA1A, HSPA1B, HSPA7, HSPA6, HSPH1 and HSPA4L of the HSP70 family, among which HSPA1A and HSPA1B are upregulated in all the brain areas. HSP70s are molecular chaperones indispensable for protein folding, recently associated with immune system maintenance. The little overexpression of the HSPs protects the cells from stress but extreme upregulation can contribute to the MS pathogenesis. We also investigated the genes involved in the immune system that result in overall upregulation in the corpus callosum, hippocampus, internal capsule, optic chiasm and are absent in the cortex. Interestingly, the genes of the immune system and the HSP70s have comparable levels of expression.
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26
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Aprato J, Sock E, Weider M, Elsesser O, Fröb F, Wegner M. Myrf guides target gene selection of transcription factor Sox10 during oligodendroglial development. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:1254-1270. [PMID: 31828317 PMCID: PMC7026603 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz1158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligodendrocytes generate myelin in the vertebrate central nervous system and thus ensure rapid propagation of neuronal activity. Their development is controlled by a network of transcription factors that function as determinants of cell identity or as temporally restricted stage-specific regulators. The continuously expressed Sox10 and Myrf, a factor induced during late development, are particularly important for terminal differentiation. How these factors function together mechanistically and influence each other, is not well understood. Here we show that Myrf not only cooperates with Sox10 during the induction of genes required for differentiation and myelin formation. Myrf also inhibits the activity of Sox10 on genes that are essential during earlier phases of oligodendroglial development. By characterization of the exact DNA-binding requirements of Myrf, we furthermore show that cooperative activation is a consequence of joint binding of Sox10 and Myrf to the same regulatory regions. In contrast, inhibition of Sox10-dependent gene activation occurs on genes that lack Myrf binding sites and likely involves physical interaction between Myrf and Sox10 followed by sequestration. These two opposite activities allow Myrf to redirect Sox10 from genes that it activates in oligodendrocyte precursor cells to genes that need to be induced during terminal differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Aprato
- Institut für Biochemie, Emil-Fischer-Zentrum, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Sock
- Institut für Biochemie, Emil-Fischer-Zentrum, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthias Weider
- Institut für Biochemie, Emil-Fischer-Zentrum, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Olga Elsesser
- Institut für Biochemie, Emil-Fischer-Zentrum, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Franziska Fröb
- Institut für Biochemie, Emil-Fischer-Zentrum, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Wegner
- Institut für Biochemie, Emil-Fischer-Zentrum, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +49 9131 85 24620;
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27
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Abstract
Oligodendrocytes are the critical cell types giving rise to the myelin nerve sheath enabling efficient nerve transmission in the central nervous system (CNS). Oligodendrocyte precursor cells differentiate into mature oligodendrocytes and are maintained throughout life. Deficits in the generation, proliferation, or differentiation of these cells or their maintenance have been linked to neurological disorders ranging from developmental disorders to neurodegenerative diseases and limit repair after CNS injury. Understanding the regulation of these processes is critical for achieving proper myelination during development, preventing disease, or recovering from injury. Many of the key factors underlying these processes are epigenetic regulators that enable the fine tuning or reprogramming of gene expression during development and regeneration in response to changes in the local microenvironment. These include chromatin remodelers, histone-modifying enzymes, covalent modifiers of DNA methylation, and RNA modification-mediated mechanisms. In this review, we will discuss the key components in each of these classes which are responsible for generating and maintaining oligodendrocyte myelination as well as potential targeted approaches to stimulate the regenerative program in developmental disorders and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalen Berry
- Department of Pediatrics, Brain Tumor Center, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Jiajia Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Brain Tumor Center, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Q. Richard Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, Brain Tumor Center, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
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28
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Kawaguchi M, Sassa T, Kidokoro H, Nakata T, Kato K, Muramatsu H, Okuno Y, Yamamoto H, Kaname T, Kihara A, Natsume J. Novel biallelic FA2H mutations in a Japanese boy with fatty acid hydroxylase-associated neurodegeneration. Brain Dev 2020; 42:217-221. [PMID: 31837835 DOI: 10.1016/j.braindev.2019.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
FA2H encodes fatty acid 2-hydroxylase, which plays a significant role in maintaining the neuronal myelin sheath. Previous reports have revealed that a FA2H mutation leads to spastic paraplegia, leukodystrophy, and neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation, collectively referred to as fatty acid hydroxylase-associated neurodegeneration (FAHN). The disease severity of FAHN varies among individual patients and may be explained by the enzyme activity of FA2H mutant proteins. Here we report a 10-year-old Japanese boy with FAHN having novel heterozygous mutations in FA2H. The patient presented with a spastic gait since the age of 5 years and was unable to walk without a cane by the time he was 8 years old. Brain MRI demonstrated a partial thinning of the corpus callosum, slight reduction of cerebellar volume, and posterior dominant periventricular leukodystrophy. Whole exome sequencing revealed two novel missense mutations in FA2H with compound heterozygous inheritance (NM_024306, p.Val149Leu, and p.His260Gln mutations). The enzyme activities of the p.Val149Leu and p.His260Gln variants were 60%-80% and almost 0%, respectively. Our cell-based enzyme assay demonstrated partial functionality for one of the variants, indicating a milder phenotype. However, considered along with previous reports, there was no definite relationship between the disease severity and residual enzyme activity measured using a similar method. Further research is needed to precisely predict the phenotypic severity of this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Kawaguchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takayuki Sassa
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kidokoro
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Tomohiko Nakata
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kohji Kato
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan; Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hideki Muramatsu
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yusuke Okuno
- Medical Genomics Center, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yamamoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tadashi Kaname
- Department of Genome Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akio Kihara
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Jun Natsume
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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29
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Yan H, Helman G, Murthy SE, Ji H, Crawford J, Kubisiak T, Bent SJ, Xiao J, Taft RJ, Coombs A, Wu Y, Pop A, Li D, de Vries LS, Jiang Y, Salomons GS, van der Knaap MS, Patapoutian A, Simons C, Burmeister M, Wang J, Wolf NI. Heterozygous Variants in the Mechanosensitive Ion Channel TMEM63A Result in Transient Hypomyelination during Infancy. Am J Hum Genet 2019; 105:996-1004. [PMID: 31587869 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2019.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanically activated (MA) ion channels convert physical forces into electrical signals. Despite the importance of this function, the involvement of mechanosensitive ion channels in human disease is poorly understood. Here we report heterozygous missense mutations in the gene encoding the MA ion channel TMEM63A that result in an infantile disorder resembling a hypomyelinating leukodystrophy. Four unrelated individuals presented with congenital nystagmus, motor delay, and deficient myelination on serial scans in infancy, prompting the diagnosis of Pelizaeus-Merzbacher (like) disease. Genomic sequencing revealed that all four individuals carry heterozygous missense variants in the pore-forming domain of TMEM63A. These variants were confirmed to have arisen de novo in three of the four individuals. While the physiological role of TMEM63A is incompletely understood, it is highly expressed in oligodendrocytes and it has recently been shown to be a MA ion channel. Using patch clamp electrophysiology, we demonstrated that each of the modeled variants result in strongly attenuated stretch-activated currents when expressed in naive cells. Unexpectedly, the clinical evolution of all four individuals has been surprisingly favorable, with substantial improvements in neurological signs and developmental progression. In the three individuals with follow-up scans after 4 years of age, the myelin deficit had almost completely resolved. Our results suggest a previously unappreciated role for mechanosensitive ion channels in myelin development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifang Yan
- Department of Pediatrics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis and Study on Pediatric Genetic Diseases, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100871, China; Molecular & Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Joint International Research Center of Translational and Clinical Research, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Guy Helman
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Swetha E Murthy
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Neuroscience, Dorris Neuroscience Center, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
| | - Haoran Ji
- Department of Pediatrics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis and Study on Pediatric Genetic Diseases, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100871, China; Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Joanna Crawford
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Thomas Kubisiak
- Molecular & Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Stephen J Bent
- Data61, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Brisbane, QLD 4067, Australia
| | - Jiangxi Xiao
- Department of Radiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100871, China
| | | | - Adam Coombs
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Neuroscience, Dorris Neuroscience Center, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
| | - Ye Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis and Study on Pediatric Genetic Diseases, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ana Pop
- Metabolic Unit, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam 1081 HV, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam 1081 HV, the Netherlands
| | - Dongxiao Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis and Study on Pediatric Genetic Diseases, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100871, China; Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Children's Genetic and Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450018, China
| | - Linda S de Vries
- Department of Neonatology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht 3584 EA, the Netherlands; UMC Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht 3584 CG, the Netherlands
| | - Yuwu Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis and Study on Pediatric Genetic Diseases, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100871, China; Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health and Family Planning Commission, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Gajja S Salomons
- Metabolic Unit, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam 1081 HV, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam 1081 HV, the Netherlands; Department of Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, the Netherlands; Department of Child Neurology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam and Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam 1081 HV, the Netherlands
| | - Marjo S van der Knaap
- Department of Child Neurology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam and Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam 1081 HV, the Netherlands; Department of Functional Genomics, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University, Amsterdam 1081 HV, the Netherlands
| | - Ardem Patapoutian
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Neuroscience, Dorris Neuroscience Center, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
| | - Cas Simons
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Margit Burmeister
- Molecular & Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Departments of Computational Medicine & Bioinformatics, Psychiatry and Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jingmin Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis and Study on Pediatric Genetic Diseases, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100871, China; Joint International Research Center of Translational and Clinical Research, Beijing 100871, China; Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health and Family Planning Commission, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Nicole I Wolf
- Department of Child Neurology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam and Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam 1081 HV, the Netherlands.
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Schmitt JE, Raznahan A, Liu S, Neale MC. The genetics of cortical myelination in young adults and its relationships to cerebral surface area, cortical thickness, and intelligence: A magnetic resonance imaging study of twins and families. Neuroimage 2019; 206:116319. [PMID: 31678229 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The cerebral cortex contains a significant quantity of intracortical myelin, but the genetics of cortical myelination (CM) in humans is not well understood. Relatively novel MRI-derived measures now enable the investigation of cortical myelination in large samples. In this study, we use a genetically-informative neuroimaging sample of 1096 young adult subjects from the Human Connectome Project in order to investigate genetic and environmental variation in CM and its relationships with cerebral surface area (SA) and cortical thickness (CT). We found that genetic factors account for approximately 50% of the observed individual differences in mean cortical myelin, 75% of the variation in total SA, and 85% of the variance in global mean CT. Although significant genetic influences were found throughout the cortex, both CM and SA demonstrated a posterior predominance, with disproportionately strong effects in the parietal and occipital lobes and significantly overlapping heritability maps (p < 0.001). Yet despite showing similar spatial heritability patterns, we found evidence that CM is genetically independent from SA at both global and vertex levels; genetically-mediated relationships between CM and CT were similarly small in magnitude. We also found small but statistically significant genetic associations between NIH Toolbox Total Cognition score and CM in the temporal lobe and insula. SA-cognition and CT-cognition correlations were less widespread compared to CM and both patterns were similar to those reported in prior studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Eric Schmitt
- Departments of Radiology and Psychiatry, Division of Neuroradiology, Brain Behavior Laboratory, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Armin Raznahan
- Developmental Neurogenomics Unit, National Institute of Mental Health, Building 10, Room 4C110, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Siyuan Liu
- Developmental Neurogenomics Unit, National Institute of Mental Health, Building 10, Room 4C110, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Michael C Neale
- Departments of Psychiatry and Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, PO Box 980126, Richmond, VA, 23298-980126, USA.
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Efthymiou S, Salpietro V, Malintan N, Poncelet M, Kriouile Y, Fortuna S, De Zorzi R, Payne K, Henderson LB, Cortese A, Maddirevula S, Alhashmi N, Wiethoff S, Ryten M, Botia JA, Provitera V, Schuelke M, Vandrovcova J, Walsh L, Torti E, Iodice V, Najafi M, Karimiani EG, Maroofian R, Siquier-Pernet K, Boddaert N, De Lonlay P, Cantagrel V, Aguennouz M, El Khorassani M, Schmidts M, Alkuraya FS, Edvardson S, Nolano M, Devaux J, Houlden H. Biallelic mutations in neurofascin cause neurodevelopmental impairment and peripheral demyelination. Brain 2019; 142:2948-2964. [PMID: 31501903 PMCID: PMC6763744 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awz248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Axon pathfinding and synapse formation are essential processes for nervous system development and function. The assembly of myelinated fibres and nodes of Ranvier is mediated by a number of cell adhesion molecules of the immunoglobulin superfamily including neurofascin, encoded by the NFASC gene, and its alternative isoforms Nfasc186 and Nfasc140 (located in the axonal membrane at the node of Ranvier) and Nfasc155 (a glial component of the paranodal axoglial junction). We identified 10 individuals from six unrelated families, exhibiting a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized with a spectrum of central (intellectual disability, developmental delay, motor impairment, speech difficulties) and peripheral (early onset demyelinating neuropathy) neurological involvement, who were found by exome or genome sequencing to carry one frameshift and four different homozygous non-synonymous variants in NFASC. Expression studies using immunostaining-based techniques identified absent expression of the Nfasc155 isoform as a consequence of the frameshift variant and a significant reduction of expression was also observed in association with two non-synonymous variants affecting the fibronectin type III domain. Cell aggregation studies revealed a severely impaired Nfasc155-CNTN1/CASPR1 complex interaction as a result of the identified variants. Immunofluorescence staining of myelinated fibres from two affected individuals showed a severe loss of myelinated fibres and abnormalities in the paranodal junction morphology. Our results establish that recessive variants affecting the Nfasc155 isoform can affect the formation of paranodal axoglial junctions at the nodes of Ranvier. The genetic disease caused by biallelic NFASC variants includes neurodevelopmental impairment and a spectrum of central and peripheral demyelination as part of its core clinical phenotype. Our findings support possible overlapping molecular mechanisms of paranodal damage at peripheral nerves in both the immune-mediated and the genetic disease, but the observation of prominent central neurological involvement in NFASC biallelic variant carriers highlights the importance of this gene in human brain development and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Efthymiou
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Vincenzo Salpietro
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Nancy Malintan
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Mallory Poncelet
- INSERM U1051, Institut de Neurosciences de Montpellier (INM), Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Yamna Kriouile
- Unit of Neuropediatrics and Neurometabolism, Pediatric Department 2, Rabat Children's Hospital, and Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Rabat, University Mohammed V of Rabat, Morocco
| | - Sara Fortuna
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Rita De Zorzi
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Katelyn Payne
- Riley Hospital for Children, Indianapolis, Indiana, IN, USA
| | | | - Andrea Cortese
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Sateesh Maddirevula
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nadia Alhashmi
- Department of Genetics, College of Medicine, Sultan Qaboos University, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Sarah Wiethoff
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
- Center for Neurology and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Eberhard Karls-University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Mina Ryten
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Juan A Botia
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
- Departamento de Ingeniería de la Información y las Comunicaciones, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, E, Spain
| | - Vincenzo Provitera
- Department of Neurology, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Italy
| | - Markus Schuelke
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Jana Vandrovcova
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Laurence Walsh
- Riley Hospital for Children, Indianapolis, Indiana, IN, USA
| | | | - Valeria Iodice
- Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK
- Autonomic Unit, National Hospital Neurology and Neurosurgery, UCL NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Maryam Najafi
- Genome Research Division, Human Genetics Department, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ehsan Ghayoor Karimiani
- Genetics Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London, UK
| | - Reza Maroofian
- Genetics Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London, UK
| | - Karine Siquier-Pernet
- Paris Descartes - Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- Developmental Brain Disorders Laboratory, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Boddaert
- Paris Descartes - Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, Necker Enfants Malades University Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Pascale De Lonlay
- Paris Descartes - Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- Inserm, U1151, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Cantagrel
- Paris Descartes - Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- Developmental Brain Disorders Laboratory, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France
| | - Mhammed Aguennouz
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Sicily
| | - Mohamed El Khorassani
- Unit of Neuropediatrics and Neurometabolism, Pediatric Department 2, Rabat Children's Hospital, and Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Rabat, University Mohammed V of Rabat, Morocco
| | - Miriam Schmidts
- Genome Research Division, Human Genetics Department, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg University, Faculty of Medicine, Mathildenstrasse 1, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Fowzan S Alkuraya
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Simon Edvardson
- Paediatric Neurology Unit, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Maria Nolano
- Department of Neurology, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University "Federico II" of Naples, Italy
| | - Jérôme Devaux
- INSERM U1051, Institut de Neurosciences de Montpellier (INM), Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Henry Houlden
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
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Makoukji J. Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Assay for Analyzing Transcription Factor Activity at the Level of Peripheral Myelin Gene Promoters. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 2011:647-658. [PMID: 31273726 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9554-7_37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Disruption of epigenetic regulators of transcription is a central mechanism of oncogenesis. Differential gene expression is facilitated by transcriptional regulatory mechanisms and chromatin modifications through DNA-protein interactions. One of the widely used assays to study this is chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay, which enables the analysis of association between regulatory molecules, specific promoters, and histone modifications within the context of the cell. This is of immense value as ChIP assays can provide a glimpse of the regulatory mechanisms involved in gene expression in vivo. It is also a powerful technique for analyzing histone modifications as well as binding sites for proteins that bind either directly or indirectly to DNA. The basic steps in this protocol are fixation, sonication, immunoprecipitation, and analysis of the immunoprecipitated DNA. Although ChIP is a versatile tool, this procedure requires the optimization of the various reaction conditions. Here, we present a detailed application of the ChIP assay to study the differential recruitment of transcriptional factors at the level of peripheral myelin gene promoters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joelle Makoukji
- Neurogenetics Program, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, AUBMC Special Kids Clinic, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
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Colonna MR, Fazio A, Costa AL, Galletti F, Lo Giudice R, Galletti B, Galletti C, Lo Giudice G, Dell'Aversana Orabona G, Papalia I, Ronchi G, Geuna S. The Use of a Hypoallergenic Dermal Matrix for Wrapping in Peripheral Nerve Lesions Regeneration: Functional and Quantitative Morphological Analysis in an Experimental Animal Model. Biomed Res Int 2019; 2019:4750624. [PMID: 31317030 PMCID: PMC6601684 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4750624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this research was to test, in an animal model, the nerve regeneration technique with a hypoallergenic acellular dermal matrix used to wrap the microsurgical neural suture. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two groups of rats received the cut of limb right median nerves. The regeneration technique considers for both groups an end-to-end nerve suture. In the experimental group (A) was used also a wrapping protocol by a conduit of collagen matrix currently used in oral surgery. The animals underwent functional grasping tests (at 1, 3, 5, and 7 months) and a histological and quantitative analysis of distal nerve was performed at the end of experimental time. RESULT After seven months, the grasping test reveals functional recovery in each tested animal; this improvement is more evident in Group A. The fibers appear well organized with restored myelin sheaths in both groups. Group A showed a great quantity of connective tissue surrounding the nerve. The quantitative morphology analysis in both groups shows a similar fibers density, fiber diameter, and myelin thickness. The differences between the groups in axon mean diameter are significant. In Group A M/d, D/d, and g-ratio is significantly higher compared to control group. CONCLUSIONS Histological and functional assessments show a functional recovery of the injured nerve in the test groups, stressed by the results of the grasping tests and the meaningful increasing in fiber diameter and higher g-ratio. Moreover, a connective tissue cuff distinguishes the distal portion of the injured nerve. Considering the easy availability and handling of the material used in this study we can conclude that this experimental technique can be considered as a valid alternative to protect nerves in nerve wrap surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonina Fazio
- Department of Human Pathology, University of Messina, Italy
| | | | | | - Roberto Lo Giudice
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Italy
| | - Bruno Galletti
- Department of Human Pathology, University of Messina, Italy
| | | | - Giorgio Lo Giudice
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Naples “Federico II”, Italy
| | | | - Igor Papalia
- Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Italy
| | - Giulia Ronchi
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Italy
| | - Stefano Geuna
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Italy
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Vilariño-Güell C, Zimprich A, Martinelli-Boneschi F, Herculano B, Wang Z, Matesanz F, Urcelay E, Vandenbroeck K, Leyva L, Gris D, Massaad C, Quandt JA, Traboulsee AL, Encarnacion M, Bernales CQ, Follett J, Yee IM, Criscuoli MG, Deutschländer A, Reinthaler EM, Zrzavy T, Mascia E, Zauli A, Esposito F, Alcina A, Izquierdo G, Espino-Paisán L, Mena J, Antigüedad A, Urbaneja-Romero P, Ortega-Pinazo J, Song W, Sadovnick AD. Exome sequencing in multiple sclerosis families identifies 12 candidate genes and nominates biological pathways for the genesis of disease. PLoS Genet 2019; 15:e1008180. [PMID: 31170158 PMCID: PMC6553700 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disease of the central nervous system characterized by myelin loss and neuronal dysfunction. Although the majority of patients do not present familial aggregation, Mendelian forms have been described. We performed whole-exome sequencing analysis in 132 patients from 34 multi-incident families, which nominated likely pathogenic variants for MS in 12 genes of the innate immune system that regulate the transcription and activation of inflammatory mediators. Rare missense or nonsense variants were identified in genes of the fibrinolysis and complement pathways (PLAU, MASP1, C2), inflammasome assembly (NLRP12), Wnt signaling (UBR2, CTNNA3, NFATC2, RNF213), nuclear receptor complexes (NCOA3), and cation channels and exchangers (KCNG4, SLC24A6, SLC8B1). These genes suggest a disruption of interconnected immunological and pro-inflammatory pathways as the initial event in the pathophysiology of familial MS, and provide the molecular and biological rationale for the chronic inflammation, demyelination and neurodegeneration observed in MS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Filippo Martinelli-Boneschi
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Neurological Disorders, CNS Inflammatory Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- MS Unit and Department of Neurology, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Bruno Herculano
- Townsend Family Laboratories, Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Zhe Wang
- Townsend Family Laboratories, Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xuanwu Hospital of the Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Fuencisla Matesanz
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina López Neyra (IPBLN), CSIC, Granada, Spain
| | - Elena Urcelay
- Immunology Dept, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
- Red Española de Esclerosis Múltiple REEM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Koen Vandenbroeck
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Laura Leyva
- Red Española de Esclerosis Múltiple REEM, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Unidad de Gestion Clínica de Neurociencias, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Denis Gris
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, CR-CHUS, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Charbel Massaad
- Toxicology, Pharmacology and Cell Signalisation—UMR-S 1124 Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Jacqueline A. Quandt
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Anthony L. Traboulsee
- Division of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Mary Encarnacion
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Cecily Q. Bernales
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Jordan Follett
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Irene M. Yee
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Maria G. Criscuoli
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Angela Deutschländer
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, United States of America
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, United States of America
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, United States of America
| | - Eva M. Reinthaler
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tobias Zrzavy
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elisabetta Mascia
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Neurological Disorders, CNS Inflammatory Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Zauli
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Neurological Disorders, CNS Inflammatory Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Esposito
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Neurological Disorders, CNS Inflammatory Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Alcina
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina López Neyra (IPBLN), CSIC, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Laura Espino-Paisán
- Immunology Dept, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
- Red Española de Esclerosis Múltiple REEM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Mena
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Alfredo Antigüedad
- Neurology Department, Hospital Universitario de Cruces, S/N, Baracaldo, Spain
| | - Patricia Urbaneja-Romero
- Red Española de Esclerosis Múltiple REEM, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Unidad de Gestion Clínica de Neurociencias, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Jesús Ortega-Pinazo
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Unidad de Gestion Clínica de Neurociencias, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Weihong Song
- Townsend Family Laboratories, Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - A. Dessa Sadovnick
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Division of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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35
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Allahdadi KJ, de Santana TA, Santos GC, Azevedo CM, Mota RA, Nonaka CK, Silva DN, Valim CXR, Figueira CP, dos Santos WLC, do Espirito Santo RF, Evangelista AF, Villarreal CF, dos Santos RR, de Souza BSF, Soares MBP. IGF-1 overexpression improves mesenchymal stem cell survival and promotes neurological recovery after spinal cord injury. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:146. [PMID: 31113444 PMCID: PMC6530133 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1223-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Survival and therapeutic actions of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) can be limited by the hostile microenvironment present during acute spinal cord injury (SCI). Here, we investigated whether BMMSCs overexpressing insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), a cytokine involved in neural development and injury repair, improved the therapeutic effects of BMMSCs in SCI. METHODS Using a SCI contusion model in C57Bl/6 mice, we transplanted IGF-1 overexpressing or wild-type BMMSCs into the lesion site following SCI and evaluated cell survival, proliferation, immunomodulation, oxidative stress, myelination, and functional outcomes. RESULTS BMMSC-IGF1 transplantation was associated with increased cell survival and recruitment of endogenous neural progenitor cells compared to BMMSC- or saline-treated controls. Modulation of gene expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators was observed after BMMSC-IGF1 and compared to saline- and BMMSC-treated mice. Treatment with BMMSC-IGF1 restored spinal cord redox homeostasis by upregulating antioxidant defense genes. BMMSC-IGF1 protected against SCI-induced myelin loss, showing more compact myelin 28 days after SCI. Functional analyses demonstrated significant gains in BMS score and gait analysis in BMMSC-IGF1, compared to BMMSC or saline treatment. CONCLUSIONS Overexpression of IGF-1 in BMMSC resulted in increased cell survival, immunomodulation, myelination, and functional improvements, suggesting that IGF-1 facilitates the regenerative actions of BMMSC in acute SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyan James Allahdadi
- Center for Biotechnology and Cell Therapy, Hospital São Rafael, Salvador, BA Brazil
- São Rafael Hospital, D’Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Salvador, Brazil
| | - Thaís Alves de Santana
- Center for Biotechnology and Cell Therapy, Hospital São Rafael, Salvador, BA Brazil
- Federal University of Bahia, UFBA, Salvador, BA Brazil
| | - Girlaine Café Santos
- Center for Biotechnology and Cell Therapy, Hospital São Rafael, Salvador, BA Brazil
- Federal University of Bahia, UFBA, Salvador, BA Brazil
| | - Carine Machado Azevedo
- Center for Biotechnology and Cell Therapy, Hospital São Rafael, Salvador, BA Brazil
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rua Waldemar Falcão, 121, Candeal, Salvador, Bahia 40296-710 Brazil
| | - Roberta Alves Mota
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rua Waldemar Falcão, 121, Candeal, Salvador, Bahia 40296-710 Brazil
- Federal University of Bahia, UFBA, Salvador, BA Brazil
| | - Carolina Kymie Nonaka
- Center for Biotechnology and Cell Therapy, Hospital São Rafael, Salvador, BA Brazil
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rua Waldemar Falcão, 121, Candeal, Salvador, Bahia 40296-710 Brazil
- São Rafael Hospital, D’Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Salvador, Brazil
| | - Daniela Nascimento Silva
- Center for Biotechnology and Cell Therapy, Hospital São Rafael, Salvador, BA Brazil
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rua Waldemar Falcão, 121, Candeal, Salvador, Bahia 40296-710 Brazil
- São Rafael Hospital, D’Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Salvador, Brazil
| | | | - Cláudio Pereira Figueira
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rua Waldemar Falcão, 121, Candeal, Salvador, Bahia 40296-710 Brazil
| | - Washington Luis Conrado dos Santos
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rua Waldemar Falcão, 121, Candeal, Salvador, Bahia 40296-710 Brazil
- Federal University of Bahia, UFBA, Salvador, BA Brazil
| | - Renan Fernandes do Espirito Santo
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rua Waldemar Falcão, 121, Candeal, Salvador, Bahia 40296-710 Brazil
- Federal University of Bahia, UFBA, Salvador, BA Brazil
| | | | - Cristiane Flora Villarreal
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rua Waldemar Falcão, 121, Candeal, Salvador, Bahia 40296-710 Brazil
- Federal University of Bahia, UFBA, Salvador, BA Brazil
| | - Ricardo Ribeiro dos Santos
- Center for Biotechnology and Cell Therapy, Hospital São Rafael, Salvador, BA Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
| | - Bruno Solano Freitas de Souza
- Center for Biotechnology and Cell Therapy, Hospital São Rafael, Salvador, BA Brazil
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rua Waldemar Falcão, 121, Candeal, Salvador, Bahia 40296-710 Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
- São Rafael Hospital, D’Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Salvador, Brazil
| | - Milena Botelho Pereira Soares
- Center for Biotechnology and Cell Therapy, Hospital São Rafael, Salvador, BA Brazil
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rua Waldemar Falcão, 121, Candeal, Salvador, Bahia 40296-710 Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
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Hussain G, Wang J, Rasul A, Anwar H, Imran A, Qasim M, Zafar S, Kamran SKS, Razzaq A, Aziz N, Ahmad W, Shabbir A, Iqbal J, Baig SM, Sun T. Role of cholesterol and sphingolipids in brain development and neurological diseases. Lipids Health Dis 2019; 18:26. [PMID: 30683111 PMCID: PMC6347843 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-019-0965-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain is a vital organ of the human body which performs very important functions such as analysis, processing, coordination, and execution of electrical signals. For this purpose, it depends on a complex network of nerves which are ensheathed in lipids tailored myelin; an abundant source of lipids in the body. The nervous system is enriched with important classes of lipids; sphingolipids and cholesterol which compose the major portion of the brain particularly in the form of myelin. Both cholesterol and sphingolipids are embedded in the microdomains of membrane rafts and are functional units of the neuronal cell membrane. These molecules serve as the signaling molecules; hold important roles in the neuronal differentiation, synaptogenesis, and many others. Thus, their adequate provision and active metabolism are of crucial importance in the maintenance of physiological functions of brain and body of an individual. In the present review, we have highlighted the physiological roles of cholesterol and sphingolipids in the development of the nervous system as well as the association of their altered metabolism to neurological and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghulam Hussain
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Jing Wang
- Center for Precision Medicine, School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, Fujian Province, China
| | - Azhar Rasul
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Haseeb Anwar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ali Imran
- Institute of Home and Food Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Qasim
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shamaila Zafar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Syed Kashif Shahid Kamran
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Aroona Razzaq
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Nimra Aziz
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Waseem Ahmad
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Asghar Shabbir
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Javed Iqbal
- Department of Neurology, Allied Hospital, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Mahmood Baig
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), PIEAS, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Tao Sun
- Center for Precision Medicine, School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, Fujian Province, China.
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Abstract
Zebrafish are now well established as the preeminent vertebrate model with which to carry out gene discovery/forward genetic screens to identify the molecular genetic basis of biological processes. Gene discovery screens in zebrafish have already provided novel insight into mechanisms of glial cell development and function. The vast majority of genetic screens in zebrafish are based around a three generation screen that starts with the random induction of mutations in adult males using the chemical mutagen ENU. Here we outline the methods that underlie this type of screen, detailing each step, from ENU mutagenesis, through the breeding schemes required to recover homozygous mutant animals in subsequent generations, the screening procedure itself, with a focus on the analysis of myelinating glia, and the subsequent confirmation of mutant phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linde Kegel
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Maria Rubio
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Rafael G Almeida
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Silvia Benito
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Anna Klingseisen
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - David A Lyons
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
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38
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Abstract
Myelin sheaths are crucial for the survival and maintenance of the axons and the rapid propagation of the action potential. The glial cells involved are Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system (CNS). One oligodendrocyte may myelinate over 40 axons. In the CNS, myelin is composed of several layers of cytoplasmic membrane from oligodendrocytes stabilized by structural myelin-specific proteins such as proteolipid protein (PLP) and myelin basic protein (MBP). Those genes are expressed during myelination and then silenced. They can be re-expressed after demyelinating episodes, where they contribute to remyelination. Demyelination occurs after injuries of the CNS such as traumatic brain injury or during acute episodes of neurodegeneration observed in demyelinating and neurodegenerative diseases. Remyelination process is achieved by oligodendrocytes newly generated following the recruitment and differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs). Failure of remyelination process leads to irreversible axonal loss, functional impairment, and finally decreased cognitive performances. Several techniques have been described to study myelination and remyelination in culture systems. In this chapter, we explain how we can study myelin genes' expression in oligodendrocytes by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using specific primers for plp and mbp. This technique can be crucial and prompt to determine the effect of specific chemicals (such as pesticides) on the myelination process in oligodendrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diala El Khoury
- Department of Biology Louaize Lebanon, NDU Natural and Applied Sciences, Notre Dame University, Zouk Mosbeh, Lebanon.
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39
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Sun LO, Mulinyawe SB, Collins HY, Ibrahim A, Li Q, Simon DJ, Tessier-Lavigne M, Barres BA. Spatiotemporal Control of CNS Myelination by Oligodendrocyte Programmed Cell Death through the TFEB-PUMA Axis. Cell 2018; 175:1811-1826.e21. [PMID: 30503207 PMCID: PMC6295215 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Nervous system function depends on proper myelination for insulation and critical trophic support for axons. Myelination is tightly regulated spatially and temporally, but how it is controlled molecularly remains largely unknown. Here, we identified key molecular mechanisms governing the regional and temporal specificity of CNS myelination. We show that transcription factor EB (TFEB) is highly expressed by differentiating oligodendrocytes and that its loss causes precocious and ectopic myelination in many parts of the murine brain. TFEB functions cell-autonomously through PUMA induction and Bax-Bak activation to promote programmed cell death of a subset of premyelinating oligodendrocytes, allowing selective elimination of oligodendrocytes in normally unmyelinated brain regions. This pathway is conserved across diverse brain areas and is critical for myelination timing. Our findings define an oligodendrocyte-intrinsic mechanism underlying the spatiotemporal specificity of CNS myelination, shedding light on how myelinating glia sculpt the nervous system during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu O Sun
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Sara B Mulinyawe
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Hannah Y Collins
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Adiljan Ibrahim
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Qingyun Li
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - David J Simon
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | - Ben A Barres
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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40
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Falcão AM, van Bruggen D, Marques S, Meijer M, Jäkel S, Agirre E, Samudyata, Floriddia EM, Vanichkina DP, Ffrench-Constant C, Williams A, Guerreiro-Cacais AO, Castelo-Branco G. Disease-specific oligodendrocyte lineage cells arise in multiple sclerosis. Nat Med 2018; 24:1837-1844. [PMID: 30420755 PMCID: PMC6544508 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-018-0236-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 286] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is characterized by an immune system attack targeting myelin, which is produced by oligodendrocytes (OLs). We performed single-cell transcriptomic analysis of OL lineage cells from the spinal cord of mice induced with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), which mimics several aspects of MS. We found unique OLs and OL precursor cells (OPCs) in EAE and uncovered several genes specifically alternatively spliced in these cells. Surprisingly, EAE-specific OL lineage populations expressed genes involved in antigen processing and presentation via major histocompatibility complex class I and II (MHC-I and -II), and in immunoprotection, suggesting alternative functions of these cells in a disease context. Importantly, we found that disease-specific oligodendroglia are also present in human MS brains and that a substantial number of genes known to be susceptibility genes for MS, so far mainly associated with immune cells, are expressed in the OL lineage cells. Finally, we demonstrate that OPCs can phagocytose and that MHC-II-expressing OPCs can activate memory and effector CD4-positive T cells. Our results suggest that OLs and OPCs are not passive targets but instead active immunomodulators in MS. The disease-specific OL lineage cells, for which we identify several biomarkers, may represent novel direct targets for immunomodulatory therapeutic approaches in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Mendanha Falcão
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - David van Bruggen
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sueli Marques
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mandy Meijer
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sarah Jäkel
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine and MS Society Edinburgh Centre, Edinburgh bioQuarter, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Eneritz Agirre
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Samudyata
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elisa M Floriddia
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Darya P Vanichkina
- Gene and Stem Cell Therapy Program, Centenary Institute, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales , Australia
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Charles Ffrench-Constant
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine and MS Society Edinburgh Centre, Edinburgh bioQuarter, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Anna Williams
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine and MS Society Edinburgh Centre, Edinburgh bioQuarter, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Gonçalo Castelo-Branco
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Ming Wai Lau Centre for Reparative Medicine, Stockholm node, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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41
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Fontés
- C2VN, AIX Marseille Université, INRA 1260-INSERM 1263, 13007 Marseille, France.
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42
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Elitt MS, Shick HE, Madhavan M, Allan KC, Clayton BLL, Weng C, Miller TE, Factor DC, Barbar L, Nawash BS, Nevin ZS, Lager AM, Li Y, Jin F, Adams DJ, Tesar PJ. Chemical Screening Identifies Enhancers of Mutant Oligodendrocyte Survival and Unmasks a Distinct Pathological Phase in Pelizaeus-Merzbacher Disease. Stem Cell Reports 2018; 11:711-726. [PMID: 30146490 PMCID: PMC6135742 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2018.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease (PMD) is a fatal X-linked disorder caused by loss of myelinating oligodendrocytes and consequent hypomyelination. The underlying cellular and molecular dysfunctions are not fully defined, but therapeutic enhancement of oligodendrocyte survival could restore functional myelination in patients. Here we generated pure, scalable quantities of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) from a severe mouse model of PMD, Plp1jimpy. Temporal phenotypic and transcriptomic studies defined an early pathological window characterized by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and cell death as OPCs exit their progenitor state. High-throughput phenotypic screening identified a compound, Ro 25-6981, which modulates the ER stress response and rescues mutant oligodendrocyte survival in jimpy, in vitro and in vivo, and in human PMD oligocortical spheroids. Surprisingly, increasing oligodendrocyte survival did not restore subsequent myelination, revealing a second pathological phase. Collectively, our work shows that PMD oligodendrocyte loss can be rescued pharmacologically and defines a need for multifactorial intervention to restore myelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S Elitt
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - H Elizabeth Shick
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Mayur Madhavan
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Kevin C Allan
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Benjamin L L Clayton
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Chen Weng
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Tyler E Miller
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Daniel C Factor
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Lilianne Barbar
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Baraa S Nawash
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Zachary S Nevin
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Angela M Lager
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Fulai Jin
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Department of Engineering and Computer Science, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Drew J Adams
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Paul J Tesar
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
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43
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Martin NA, Nawrocki A, Molnar V, Elkjaer ML, Thygesen EK, Palkovits M, Acs P, Sejbaek T, Nielsen HH, Hegedus Z, Sellebjerg F, Molnar T, Barbosa EGV, Alcaraz N, Gallyas F, Svenningsen AF, Baumbach J, Lassmann H, Larsen MR, Illes Z. Orthologous proteins of experimental de- and remyelination are differentially regulated in the CSF proteome of multiple sclerosis subtypes. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0202530. [PMID: 30114292 PMCID: PMC6095600 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Here, we applied a multi-omics approach (i) to examine molecular pathways related to de- and remyelination in multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions; and (ii) to translate these findings to the CSF proteome in order to identify molecules that are differentially expressed among MS subtypes. METHODS To relate differentially expressed genes in MS lesions to de- and remyelination, we compared transcriptome of MS lesions to transcriptome of cuprizone (CPZ)-induced de- and remyelination. Protein products of the overlapping orthologous genes were measured within the CSF by quantitative proteomics, parallel reaction monitoring (PRM). Differentially regulated proteins were correlated with molecular markers of inflammation by using MesoScale multiplex immunoassay. Expression kinetics of differentially regulated orthologous genes and proteins were examined in the CPZ model. RESULTS In the demyelinated and remyelinated corpus callosum, we detected 1239 differentially expressed genes; 91 orthologues were also differentially expressed in MS lesions. Pathway analysis of these orthologues suggested that the TYROBP (DAP12)-TREM2 pathway, TNF-receptor 1, CYBA and the proteasome subunit PSMB9 were related to de- and remyelination. We designed 129 peptides representing 51 orthologous proteins, measured them by PRM in 97 individual CSF, and compared their levels between relapsing (n = 40) and progressive MS (n = 57). Four proteins were differentially regulated among relapsing and progressive MS: tyrosine protein kinase receptor UFO (UFO), TIMP-1, apolipoprotein C-II (APOC2), and beta-2-microglobulin (B2M). The orthologous genes/proteins in the mouse brain peaked during acute remyelination. UFO, TIMP-1 and B2M levels correlated inversely with inflammation in the CSF (IL-6, MCP-1/CCL2, TARC/CCL17). APOC2 showed positive correlation with IL-2, IL-16 and eotaxin-3/CCL26. CONCLUSIONS Pathology-based multi-omics identified four CSF markers that were differentially expressed in MS subtypes. Upregulated TIMP-1, UFO and B2M orthologues in relapsing MS were associated with reduced inflammation and reflected reparatory processes, in contrast to the upregulated orthologue APOC2 in progressive MS that reflected changes in lipid metabolism associated with increased inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nellie A. Martin
- Department of Neurology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Arkadiusz Nawrocki
- Department of Neurology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Viktor Molnar
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Maria L. Elkjaer
- Department of Neurology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Eva K. Thygesen
- Department of Neurology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Miklos Palkovits
- Laboratory of Neuromorphology and Human Brain Tissue Bank/Microdissection Laboratory, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Peter Acs
- Department of Neurology, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Tobias Sejbaek
- Department of Neurology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Helle H. Nielsen
- Department of Neurology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Zoltan Hegedus
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Finn Sellebjerg
- Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tihamer Molnar
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Eudes G. V. Barbosa
- Computational Biology Group, Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Nicolas Alcaraz
- Computational Biology Group, Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- The Bioinformatics Centre, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ferenc Gallyas
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
- Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Nuclear-Mitochondrial Interactions Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Asa F. Svenningsen
- Department of Neurobiology Research, Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jan Baumbach
- Computational Biology Group, Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Hans Lassmann
- Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin R. Larsen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Zsolt Illes
- Department of Neurology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Neurology, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
- Department of Clinical Research, BRIDGE, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- * E-mail:
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Luo F, Zhang J, Burke K, Romito-DiGiacomo RR, Miller RH, Yang Y. Oligodendrocyte-specific loss of Cdk5 disrupts the architecture of nodes of Ranvier as well as learning and memory. Exp Neurol 2018; 306:92-104. [PMID: 29729246 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Myelination of the central nervous system is important for normal motor and sensory neuronal function and recent studies also link it to efficient learning and memory. Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) is required for normal oligodendrocyte development, myelination and myelin repair. Here we show that conditional deletion of Cdk5 by targeting with CNP (CNP;Cdk5 CKO) results in hypomyelination and disruption of the structural integrity of Nodes of Ranvier. In addition, CNP;Cdk5 CKO mice exhibited a severe impairment of learning and memory compared to controls that may reflect perturbed neuron-glial interactions. Co-culture of cortical neurons with CNP;Cdk5 CKO oligodendrocyte lineage cells resulted in a significant reduction in the density of neuronal dendritic spines. In short term fear-conditioning studies, CNP;Cdk5 CKO mice had decreased hippocampal levels of immediate early genes such as Arc and Fos, and lower levels of p-CREB and p-cofilin suggested these pathways are affected by the levels of myelination. The novel roles of Cdk5 in oligodendrocyte lineage cells may provide insights for helping understand the cognitive changes sometimes seen in demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fucheng Luo
- Department of Neurology, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH 44106, United States
| | - Jessie Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH 44106, United States
| | - Kathryn Burke
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH 44106, United States
| | - Rita R Romito-DiGiacomo
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH 44106, United States
| | - Robert H Miller
- Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Biology, George Washington University, Washington DC 20037, United States.
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Neurology, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH 44106, United States; Center for Translational Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH 44106, United States.
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45
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Miyamoto Y, Torii T, Tago K, Tanoue A, Takashima S, Yamauchi J. BIG1/Arfgef1 and Arf1 regulate the initiation of myelination by Schwann cells in mice. Sci Adv 2018; 4:eaar4471. [PMID: 29740613 PMCID: PMC5938228 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aar4471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
During development of the peripheral nervous system in mammals, Schwann cells wrap their plasma membranes around neuronal axons, forming multiple myelin sheaths. A mature myelin sheath insulates axons and increases nerve conduction velocity while protecting nerve fibers from various stresses such as physical ones. Despite this functional importance, the molecular units that underlie dynamic morphological changes in formation of myelin sheaths are not sufficiently understood. Arf1 is a small guanosine triphosphate-binding protein that plays multiple roles in intracellular trafficking and related signaling, both of which are processes involved in cell morphogenesis. We demonstrate that the Arf1 guanine nucleotide exchange factor, brefeldin A-inhibited guanine nucleotide-exchange protein 1 (BIG1)/Arfgef1, and the effector Arf1 regulate the initiation of myelination of axons by Schwann cells. Schwann cell-specific BIG1 conditional knockout mice, which have been generated here, exhibit reduced myelin thickness and decreased localization of myelin protein zero in the myelin membrane, compared with their littermate controls. BIG1 knockout mouse nerves specifically decrease the amounts of Arf1 in the AP1 clathrin adaptor protein subunits but not the Arf1 binding to GGA1 (Golgi-localized, gamma-adaptin ear-containing, Arf-binding protein 1) transporting proteins. The amounts of Arf1 in the COPI coatomer protein subunits were comparable in the knockout mice and controls. Similar results in myelin thickness are observed in Arf1 conditional knockout mice, which have also been generated here. Thus, the BIG1 and Arf1 unit plays a key role in Schwann cell myelination, newly adding it to the list of molecular units controlling myelination.
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Grants
- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology
- Branding projects for Scientific Research from the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology
- Grants-in-Aid for Medical Scientific Research from the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Miyamoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Neurology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
- Department of Pharmacology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Torii
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kenji Tago
- Division of Structural Biochemistry, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Akito Tanoue
- Department of Pharmacology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Shou Takashima
- Laboratory of Glycobiology, The Noguchi Institute, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-0003, Japan
| | - Junji Yamauchi
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Neurology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
- Department of Pharmacology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
- Corresponding author.
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Strachan LR, Stevenson TJ, Freshner B, Keefe MD, Miranda Bowles D, Bonkowsky JL. A zebrafish model of X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy recapitulates key disease features and demonstrates a developmental requirement for abcd1 in oligodendrocyte patterning and myelination. Hum Mol Genet 2018; 26:3600-3614. [PMID: 28911205 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) is a devastating inherited neurodegenerative disease caused by defects in the ABCD1 gene and affecting peripheral and central nervous system myelin. ABCD1 encodes a peroxisomal transmembrane protein required for very long chain fatty acid (VLCFA) metabolism. We show that zebrafish (Danio rerio) Abcd1 is highly conserved at the amino acid level with human ABCD1, and during development is expressed in homologous regions including the central nervous system and adrenal glands. We used TALENs to generate five zebrafish abcd1 mutant allele lines introducing premature stop codons in exon 1, as well as obtained an abcd1 allele from the Zebrafish Mutation Project carrying a point mutation in a splice donor site. Similar to patients with ALD, zebrafish abcd1 mutants have elevated VLCFA levels. Interestingly, we found that CNS development of the abcd1 mutants is disrupted, with hypomyelination in the spinal cord, abnormal patterning and decreased numbers of oligodendrocytes, and increased cell death. By day of life five abcd1 mutants demonstrate impaired motor function, and overall survival to adulthood of heterozygous and homozygous mutants is decreased. Expression of human ABCD1 in oligodendrocytes rescued apoptosis in the abcd1 mutant. In summary, we have established a zebrafish model of ALD that recapitulates key features of human disease pathology and which reveals novel features of underlying disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren R Strachan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Tamara J Stevenson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Briana Freshner
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Matthew D Keefe
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - D Miranda Bowles
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Joshua L Bonkowsky
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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Grier MD, West KL, Kelm ND, Fu C, Does MD, Parker B, McBrier E, Lagrange AH, Ess KC, Carson RP. Loss of mTORC2 signaling in oligodendrocyte precursor cells delays myelination. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188417. [PMID: 29161318 PMCID: PMC5697806 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelin abnormalities are increasingly being recognized as an important component of a number of neurologic developmental disorders. The integration of many signaling pathways and cell types are critical for correct myelinogenesis. The PI3-K and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathways have been found to play key roles. mTOR is found within two distinct complexes, mTORC1 and mTORC2. mTORC1 activity has been shown to play a major role during myelination, while the role of mTORC2 is not yet well understood. To determine the role of mTORC2 signaling in myelinogenesis, we generated a mouse lacking the critical mTORC2 component Rictor in oligodendrocyte precursors (OPCs). Targeted deletion of Rictor in these cells decreases and delays the expression of myelin related proteins and reduces the size of cerebral white matter tracts. This is developmentally manifest as a transient reduction in myelinated axon density and g-ratio. OPC cell number is reduced at birth without detectable change in proliferation with proportional reductions in mature oligodendrocyte number at P15. The total number of oligodendrocytes as well as extent of myelination, does improve over time. Adult conditional knock-out (CKO) animals do not demonstrate a behavioral phenotype likely due in part to preserved axonal conduction velocities. These data support and extend prior studies demonstrating an important but transient contribution of mTORC2 signaling to myelin development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark D. Grier
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Kathryn L. West
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Nathaniel D. Kelm
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Cary Fu
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Mark D. Does
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Brittany Parker
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Eleanor McBrier
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Andre H. Lagrange
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Kevin C. Ess
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Robert P. Carson
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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McKenzie AT, Moyon S, Wang M, Katsyv I, Song WM, Zhou X, Dammer EB, Duong DM, Aaker J, Zhao Y, Beckmann N, Wang P, Zhu J, Lah JJ, Seyfried NT, Levey AI, Katsel P, Haroutunian V, Schadt EE, Popko B, Casaccia P, Zhang B. Multiscale network modeling of oligodendrocytes reveals molecular components of myelin dysregulation in Alzheimer's disease. Mol Neurodegener 2017; 12:82. [PMID: 29110684 PMCID: PMC5674813 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-017-0219-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oligodendrocytes (OLs) and myelin are critical for normal brain function and have been implicated in neurodegeneration. Several lines of evidence including neuroimaging and neuropathological data suggest that Alzheimer's disease (AD) may be associated with dysmyelination and a breakdown of OL-axon communication. METHODS In order to understand this phenomenon on a molecular level, we systematically interrogated OL-enriched gene networks constructed from large-scale genomic, transcriptomic and proteomic data obtained from human AD postmortem brain samples. We then validated these networks using gene expression datasets generated from mice with ablation of major gene expression nodes identified in our AD-dysregulated networks. RESULTS The robust OL gene coexpression networks that we identified were highly enriched for genes associated with AD risk variants, such as BIN1 and demonstrated strong dysregulation in AD. We further corroborated the structure of the corresponding gene causal networks using datasets generated from the brain of mice with ablation of key network drivers, such as UGT8, CNP and PLP1, which were identified from human AD brain data. Further, we found that mice with genetic ablations of Cnp mimicked aspects of myelin and mitochondrial gene expression dysregulation seen in brain samples from patients with AD, including decreased protein expression of BIN1 and GOT2. CONCLUSIONS This study provides a molecular blueprint of the dysregulation of gene expression networks of OL in AD and identifies key OL- and myelination-related genes and networks that are highly associated with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew T. McKenzie
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, 1470 Madison Avenue, Room S8-111, New York, NY 10029 USA
- Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029 USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - Sarah Moyon
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029 USA
- Neuroscience Initiative, The City University of New York, Advanced Science Research Center, 85 St. Nicholas Terrace, New York, NY 10031 USA
| | - Minghui Wang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, 1470 Madison Avenue, Room S8-111, New York, NY 10029 USA
- Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - Igor Katsyv
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, 1470 Madison Avenue, Room S8-111, New York, NY 10029 USA
- Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029 USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - Won-Min Song
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, 1470 Madison Avenue, Room S8-111, New York, NY 10029 USA
- Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - Xianxiao Zhou
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, 1470 Madison Avenue, Room S8-111, New York, NY 10029 USA
- Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - Eric B. Dammer
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Duc M. Duong
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
- Integrated Proteomics Core Facility, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Joshua Aaker
- Department of Neurology, The University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, 5841 S. Maryland Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - Yongzhong Zhao
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, 1470 Madison Avenue, Room S8-111, New York, NY 10029 USA
- Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - Noam Beckmann
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, 1470 Madison Avenue, Room S8-111, New York, NY 10029 USA
- Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - Pei Wang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, 1470 Madison Avenue, Room S8-111, New York, NY 10029 USA
- Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - Jun Zhu
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, 1470 Madison Avenue, Room S8-111, New York, NY 10029 USA
- Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - James J. Lah
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Nicholas T. Seyfried
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
- Integrated Proteomics Core Facility, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Allan I. Levey
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Pavel Katsel
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - Vahram Haroutunian
- Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029 USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA
- Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (VISN 3), James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10468 USA
| | - Eric E. Schadt
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, 1470 Madison Avenue, Room S8-111, New York, NY 10029 USA
- Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - Brian Popko
- Department of Neurology, The University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, 5841 S. Maryland Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - Patrizia Casaccia
- Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029 USA
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029 USA
- Neuroscience Initiative, The City University of New York, Advanced Science Research Center, 85 St. Nicholas Terrace, New York, NY 10031 USA
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, 1470 Madison Avenue, Room S8-111, New York, NY 10029 USA
- Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029 USA
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Chaban YHG, Chen Y, Hertz E, Hertz L. Severe Convulsions and Dysmyelination in Both Jimpy and Cx32/47 -/- Mice may Associate Astrocytic L-Channel Function with Myelination and Oligodendrocytic Connexins with Internodal K v Channels. Neurochem Res 2017; 42:1747-1766. [PMID: 28214987 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-017-2194-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The Jimpy mouse illustrates the importance of interactions between astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. It has a mutation in Plp coding for proteolipid protein and DM20. Its behavior is normal at birth but from the age of ~2 weeks it shows severe convulsions associated with oligodendrocyte/myelination deficits and early death. A normally occurring increase in oxygen consumption by highly elevated K+ concentrations is absent in Jimpy brain slices and cultured astrocytes, reflecting that Plp at early embryonic stages affects common precursors as also shown by the ability of conditioned medium from normal astrocytes to counteract histological abnormalities. This metabolic response is now known to reflect opening of L-channels for Ca2+. The resulting deficiency in Ca2+ entry has many consequences, including lack of K+-stimulated glycogenolysis and release of gliotransmitter ATP. Lack of purinergic stimulation compromises oligodendrocyte survival and myelination and affects connexins and K+ channels. Mice lacking the oligodendrocytic connexins Cx32 and 47 show similar neurological dysfunction as Jimpy. This possibly reflects that K+ released by intermodal axonal Kv channels is transported underneath a loosened myelin sheath instead of reaching the extracellular space via connexin-mediated transport to oligodendrocytes, followed by release and astrocytic Na+,K+-ATPase-driven uptake with subsequent Kir4.1-facilitated release and neuronal uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ye Chen
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation, Bethesda, MD, 20817, USA
| | - Elna Hertz
- Laboratory of Metabolic Brain Diseases, Institute of Metabolic Disease Research and Drug Development, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Leif Hertz
- Laboratory of Metabolic Brain Diseases, Institute of Metabolic Disease Research and Drug Development, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China.
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Shackleford GG, Grenier J, Abi Habib W, Massaad C, Meffre D. Liver X Receptors differentially modulate central myelin gene mRNA levels in a region-, age- and isoform-specific manner. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 169:61-68. [PMID: 26940358 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2016.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Liver X Receptors (LXRs) α and β are nuclear receptors able to bind oxidative forms of cholesterol. They play important roles in the central nervous system (CNS), through their implication in a large variety of physiological and pathological processes among which modulation of cholesterol homeostasis and inflammation. Besides, we recently revealed their crucial role in myelination and remyelination in the cerebellum. Given the pleiotropic effects of such receptors on CNS functioning, we studied here the influence of LXRs on myelin gene mRNA accumulation in the major myelinated regions of the CNS in vivo. We show that both LXR isoforms differentially affect mRNA amount of myelin genes (PLP and MBP) in highly myelinated structures such as spinal cord, corpus callosum, optic nerve and cerebellum. In the adult, LXR activation by the synthetic agonist TO901317 significantly increases myelin gene mRNA amount in the cerebellum but not in the other regions studied. Invalidation of the sole LXRβ isoform leads to decreased PLP and MBP mRNA levels in all the structures except the spinal cord, while the knock out of both isoforms (LXR dKO) decreases myelin gene mRNA amounts in all the regions tested except the corpus callosum. Interestingly, during myelination process (post-natal day 21), both cerebellum and optic nerve display a decrease in myelin gene mRNA levels in LXR dKO mice. Concomitantly, PLP and MBP mRNA accumulation in the spinal cord is increased. Relative expression level of LXR isoforms could account for the differential modulation of myelin gene expression in the CNS. Altogether our results suggest that, within the CNS, each LXR isoform differentially influences myelin gene mRNA levels in a region- and age-dependant manner, participating in the fine regulation of myelin gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julien Grenier
- Paris Descartes University, INSERM UMR-S 1124, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Walid Abi Habib
- Paris Descartes University, INSERM UMR-S 1124, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Charbel Massaad
- Paris Descartes University, INSERM UMR-S 1124, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Delphine Meffre
- Paris Descartes University, INSERM UMR-S 1124, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006 Paris, France.
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