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Yamaji M, Ohno Y, Shimada M, Kihara A. Alteration of epidermal lipid composition as a result of deficiency in the magnesium transporter Nipal4. J Lipid Res 2024:100550. [PMID: 38692573 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2024.100550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Lipids in the stratum corneum play an important role in the formation of the skin permeability barrier. The causative gene for congenital ichthyosis, NIPAL4, encodes a Mg2+ transporter and is involved in increases in intracellular Mg2+ concentrations that depend on keratinocyte differentiation. However, the role of this increased Mg2+ concentration in skin barrier formation and its effect on the lipid composition of the stratum corneum has remained largely unknown. Therefore, in the present study, we performed a detailed analysis of epidermal lipids in Nipal4 KO mice via TLC and MS. Compared with WT mice, the Nipal4 KO mice showed compositional changes in many ceramide classes (including decreases in ω-O-acylceramides and increases in ω-hydroxy ceramides), together with increases in ω-hydroxy glucosylceramides, triglycerides, and FFAs and decreases in ω-O-acyl hydroxy FAs containing a linoleic acid. We also found increases in unusual ω-O-acylceramides containing oleic acid or palmitic acid in the KO mice. However, there was little change in levels of cholesterol or protein-bound ceramides. The TLC analysis showed that some unidentified lipids were increased, and the MS analysis showed that these were special ceramides called 1-O-acylceramides. These results suggest that elevated Mg2+ concentrations in differentiated keratinocytes affect the production of various lipids, resulting in the lipid composition necessary for skin barrier formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marino Yamaji
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12-jo, Nishi 6-chome, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ohno
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12-jo, Nishi 6-chome, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan.
| | - Madoka Shimada
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12-jo, Nishi 6-chome, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Akio Kihara
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12-jo, Nishi 6-chome, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan.
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Hagihara H, Shoji H, Hattori S, Sala G, Takamiya Y, Tanaka M, Ihara M, Shibutani M, Hatada I, Hori K, Hoshino M, Nakao A, Mori Y, Okabe S, Matsushita M, Urbach A, Katayama Y, Matsumoto A, Nakayama KI, Katori S, Sato T, Iwasato T, Nakamura H, Goshima Y, Raveau M, Tatsukawa T, Yamakawa K, Takahashi N, Kasai H, Inazawa J, Nobuhisa I, Kagawa T, Taga T, Darwish M, Nishizono H, Takao K, Sapkota K, Nakazawa K, Takagi T, Fujisawa H, Sugimura Y, Yamanishi K, Rajagopal L, Hannah ND, Meltzer HY, Yamamoto T, Wakatsuki S, Araki T, Tabuchi K, Numakawa T, Kunugi H, Huang FL, Hayata-Takano A, Hashimoto H, Tamada K, Takumi T, Kasahara T, Kato T, Graef IA, Crabtree GR, Asaoka N, Hatakama H, Kaneko S, Kohno T, Hattori M, Hoshiba Y, Miyake R, Obi-Nagata K, Hayashi-Takagi A, Becker LJ, Yalcin I, Hagino Y, Kotajima-Murakami H, Moriya Y, Ikeda K, Kim H, Kaang BK, Otabi H, Yoshida Y, Toyoda A, Komiyama NH, Grant SGN, Ida-Eto M, Narita M, Matsumoto KI, Okuda-Ashitaka E, Ohmori I, Shimada T, Yamagata K, Ageta H, Tsuchida K, Inokuchi K, Sassa T, Kihara A, Fukasawa M, Usuda N, Katano T, Tanaka T, Yoshihara Y, Igarashi M, Hayashi T, Ishikawa K, Yamamoto S, Nishimura N, Nakada K, Hirotsune S, Egawa K, Higashisaka K, Tsutsumi Y, Nishihara S, Sugo N, Yagi T, Ueno N, Yamamoto T, Kubo Y, Ohashi R, Shiina N, Shimizu K, Higo-Yamamoto S, Oishi K, Mori H, Furuse T, Tamura M, Shirakawa H, Sato DX, Inoue YU, Inoue T, Komine Y, Yamamori T, Sakimura K, Miyakawa T. Large-scale animal model study uncovers altered brain pH and lactate levels as a transdiagnostic endophenotype of neuropsychiatric disorders involving cognitive impairment. eLife 2024; 12:RP89376. [PMID: 38529532 DOI: 10.7554/elife.89376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Increased levels of lactate, an end-product of glycolysis, have been proposed as a potential surrogate marker for metabolic changes during neuronal excitation. These changes in lactate levels can result in decreased brain pH, which has been implicated in patients with various neuropsychiatric disorders. We previously demonstrated that such alterations are commonly observed in five mouse models of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and autism, suggesting a shared endophenotype among these disorders rather than mere artifacts due to medications or agonal state. However, there is still limited research on this phenomenon in animal models, leaving its generality across other disease animal models uncertain. Moreover, the association between changes in brain lactate levels and specific behavioral abnormalities remains unclear. To address these gaps, the International Brain pH Project Consortium investigated brain pH and lactate levels in 109 strains/conditions of 2294 animals with genetic and other experimental manipulations relevant to neuropsychiatric disorders. Systematic analysis revealed that decreased brain pH and increased lactate levels were common features observed in multiple models of depression, epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease, and some additional schizophrenia models. While certain autism models also exhibited decreased pH and increased lactate levels, others showed the opposite pattern, potentially reflecting subpopulations within the autism spectrum. Furthermore, utilizing large-scale behavioral test battery, a multivariate cross-validated prediction analysis demonstrated that poor working memory performance was predominantly associated with increased brain lactate levels. Importantly, this association was confirmed in an independent cohort of animal models. Collectively, these findings suggest that altered brain pH and lactate levels, which could be attributed to dysregulated excitation/inhibition balance, may serve as transdiagnostic endophenotypes of debilitating neuropsychiatric disorders characterized by cognitive impairment, irrespective of their beneficial or detrimental nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideo Hagihara
- Division of Systems Medical Science, Center for Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Shoji
- Division of Systems Medical Science, Center for Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Satoko Hattori
- Division of Systems Medical Science, Center for Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Giovanni Sala
- Division of Systems Medical Science, Center for Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Takamiya
- Division of Systems Medical Science, Center for Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Mika Tanaka
- Division of Systems Medical Science, Center for Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Masafumi Ihara
- Department of Neurology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Mihiro Shibutani
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Izuho Hatada
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Kei Hori
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
| | - Mikio Hoshino
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
| | - Akito Nakao
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasuo Mori
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shigeo Okabe
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Matsushita
- Department of Molecular Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Japan
| | - Anja Urbach
- Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Yuta Katayama
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Akinobu Matsumoto
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Keiichi I Nakayama
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shota Katori
- Laboratory of Mammalian Neural Circuits, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan
| | - Takuya Sato
- Laboratory of Mammalian Neural Circuits, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan
| | - Takuji Iwasato
- Laboratory of Mammalian Neural Circuits, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan
| | - Haruko Nakamura
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Neurobiology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yoshio Goshima
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Neurobiology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Matthieu Raveau
- Laboratory for Neurogenetics, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Tatsukawa
- Laboratory for Neurogenetics, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Yamakawa
- Laboratory for Neurogenetics, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Japan
- Department of Neurodevelopmental Disorder Genetics, Institute of Brain Sciences, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Noriko Takahashi
- Laboratory of Structural Physiology, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Physiology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Haruo Kasai
- Laboratory of Structural Physiology, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), UTIAS, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Johji Inazawa
- Research Core, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ikuo Nobuhisa
- Department of Stem Cell Regulation, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsushi Kagawa
- Department of Stem Cell Regulation, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Taga
- Department of Stem Cell Regulation, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mohamed Darwish
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Behavioral Physiology, Graduate School of Innovative Life Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | | | - Keizo Takao
- Department of Behavioral Physiology, Graduate School of Innovative Life Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
- Department of Behavioral Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Kiran Sapkota
- Department of Neuroscience, Southern Research, Birmingham, United States
| | - Kazutoshi Nakazawa
- Department of Neuroscience, Southern Research, Birmingham, United States
| | - Tsuyoshi Takagi
- Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Developmental Disability Center, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Haruki Fujisawa
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Sugimura
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Kyosuke Yamanishi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Hyogo Medical University School of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Lakshmi Rajagopal
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, United States
| | - Nanette Deneen Hannah
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, United States
| | - Herbert Y Meltzer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, United States
| | - Tohru Yamamoto
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kita-gun, Japan
| | - Shuji Wakatsuki
- Department of Peripheral Nervous System Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Araki
- Department of Peripheral Nervous System Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Tabuchi
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Physiology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Tadahiro Numakawa
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kunugi
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Freesia L Huang
- Program of Developmental Neurobiology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Atsuko Hayata-Takano
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
- United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, Suita, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Hashimoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
- United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, Suita, Japan
- Division of Bioscience, Institute for Datability Science, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
- Transdimensional Life Imaging Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
- Department of Molecular Pharmaceutical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Kota Tamada
- RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako, Japan
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Kobe University School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Toru Takumi
- RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako, Japan
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Kobe University School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Takaoki Kasahara
- Laboratory for Molecular Dynamics of Mental Disorders, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Japan
- Institute of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Tadafumi Kato
- Laboratory for Molecular Dynamics of Mental Disorders, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Isabella A Graef
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| | - Gerald R Crabtree
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| | - Nozomi Asaoka
- Department of Pharmacology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hikari Hatakama
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shuji Kaneko
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takao Kohno
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mitsuharu Hattori
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshio Hoshiba
- Laboratory of Medical Neuroscience, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Ryuhei Miyake
- Laboratory for Multi-scale Biological Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Japan
| | - Kisho Obi-Nagata
- Laboratory for Multi-scale Biological Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Japan
| | - Akiko Hayashi-Takagi
- Laboratory of Medical Neuroscience, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
- Laboratory for Multi-scale Biological Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Japan
| | - Léa J Becker
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Ipek Yalcin
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Yoko Hagino
- Addictive Substance Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Yuki Moriya
- Addictive Substance Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Ikeda
- Addictive Substance Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hyopil Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - Bong-Kiun Kaang
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hikari Otabi
- College of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, Ami, Japan
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
| | - Yuta Yoshida
- College of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, Ami, Japan
| | - Atsushi Toyoda
- College of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, Ami, Japan
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
- Ibaraki University Cooperation between Agriculture and Medical Science (IUCAM), Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Noboru H Komiyama
- Genes to Cognition Program, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Seth G N Grant
- Genes to Cognition Program, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Michiru Ida-Eto
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Medicine, Mie University, Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Masaaki Narita
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Medicine, Mie University, Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Matsumoto
- Department of Biosignaling and Radioisotope Experiment, Interdisciplinary Center for Science Research, Organization for Research and Academic Information, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan
| | - Emiko Okuda-Ashitaka
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, Osaka, Japan
| | - Iori Ohmori
- Department of Physiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Tadayuki Shimada
- Child Brain Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kanato Yamagata
- Child Brain Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ageta
- Division for Therapies Against Intractable Diseases, Center for Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Kunihiro Tsuchida
- Division for Therapies Against Intractable Diseases, Center for Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Kaoru Inokuchi
- Research Center for Idling Brain Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutionary Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Takayuki Sassa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akio Kihara
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Motoaki Fukasawa
- Department of Anatomy II, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Nobuteru Usuda
- Department of Anatomy II, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Tayo Katano
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Teruyuki Tanaka
- Department of Developmental Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Yoshihara
- Laboratory for Systems Molecular Ethology, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Japan
| | - Michihiro Igarashi
- Department of Neurochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, and Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
- Transdiciplinary Research Program, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Takashi Hayashi
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Kaori Ishikawa
- Institute of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yamamoto
- Integrated Technology Research Laboratories, Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, Ltd, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Naoya Nishimura
- Integrated Technology Research Laboratories, Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, Ltd, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Kazuto Nakada
- Institute of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Shinji Hirotsune
- Department of Genetic Disease Research, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Egawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kazuma Higashisaka
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Safety Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Yasuo Tsutsumi
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Safety Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Shoko Nishihara
- Glycan & Life Systems Integration Center (GaLSIC), Soka University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Sugo
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yagi
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Naoto Ueno
- Laboratory of Morphogenesis, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Tomomi Yamamoto
- Division of Biophysics and Neurobiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kubo
- Division of Biophysics and Neurobiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Rie Ohashi
- Laboratory of Neuronal Cell Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan
- Department of Basic Biology, SOKENDAI (Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Japan
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Shiina
- Laboratory of Neuronal Cell Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan
- Department of Basic Biology, SOKENDAI (Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Japan
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Kimiko Shimizu
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sayaka Higo-Yamamoto
- Healthy Food Science Research Group, Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Katsutaka Oishi
- Healthy Food Science Research Group, Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
- School of Integrative and Global Majors (SIGMA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hisashi Mori
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Tamio Furuse
- Mouse Phenotype Analysis Division, Japan Mouse Clinic, RIKEN BioResource Research Center (BRC), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Masaru Tamura
- Mouse Phenotype Analysis Division, Japan Mouse Clinic, RIKEN BioResource Research Center (BRC), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hisashi Shirakawa
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Daiki X Sato
- Division of Systems Medical Science, Center for Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yukiko U Inoue
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Inoue
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
| | - Yuriko Komine
- Young Researcher Support Group, Research Enhancement Strategy Office, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institute of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
- Division of Brain Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Yamamori
- Division of Brain Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan
- Laboratory for Molecular Analysis of Higher Brain Function, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Japan
| | - Kenji Sakimura
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
- Department of Animal Model Development, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Miyakawa
- Division of Systems Medical Science, Center for Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
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Kato R, Takenaka Y, Ohno Y, Kihara A. Catalytic mechanism of trans-2-enoyl-CoA reductases in the fatty acid elongation cycle and its cooperative action with fatty acid elongases. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105656. [PMID: 38224948 PMCID: PMC10864336 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.105656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The fatty acid (FA) elongation cycle produces very-long-chain FAs with ≥C21, which have unique physiological functions. Trans-2-enoyl-CoA reductases (yeast, Tsc13; mammals, TECR) catalyze the reduction reactions in the fourth step of the FA elongation cycle and in the sphingosine degradation pathway. However, their catalytic residues and coordinated action in the FA elongation cycle complex are unknown. To reveal these, we generated and analyzed Ala-substituted mutants of 15 residues of Tsc13. An in vitro FA elongation assay showed that nine of these mutants were less active than WT protein, with E91A and Y256A being the least active. Growth complementation analysis, measurement of ceramide levels, and deuterium-sphingosine labeling revealed that the function of the E91A mutant was substantially impaired in vivo. In addition, we found that the activity of FA elongases, which catalyze the first step of the FA elongation cycle, were reduced in the absence of Tsc13. Similar results were observed in Tsc13 E91A-expressing cells, which is attributable to reduced interaction between the Tsc13 E91A mutant and the FA elongases Elo2/Elo3. Finally, we found that E94A and Y248A mutants of human TECR, which correspond to E91A and Y256A mutants of Tsc13, showed reduced and almost no activity, respectively. Based on these results and the predicted three-dimensional structure of Tsc13, we speculate that Tyr256/Tyr248 of Tsc13/TECR is the catalytic residue that supplies a proton to trans-2-enoyl-CoAs. Our findings provide a clue concerning the catalytic mechanism of Tsc13/TECR and the coordinated action in the FA elongation cycle complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoya Kato
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuka Takenaka
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ohno
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Akio Kihara
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
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Yamamoto Y, Sassa T, Kihara A. Comparison of skin barrier abnormalities and epidermal ceramide profiles among three ω-O-acylceramide synthesis-deficient mouse strains. J Dermatol Sci 2024; 113:10-17. [PMID: 38158274 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2023.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The epidermis contains many structurally diverse ceramides, which form the skin permeability barrier (skin barrier). Mutations in genes involved in the synthesis of ω-O-acylceramides (acylceramides) and protein-bound ceramides cause ichthyosis. OBJECTIVE We aimed to elucidate the relationship between the degree of skin barrier impairment and changes in epidermal ceramide profiles caused by mutations in acylceramide synthesis genes. METHODS Knockout (KO) mice of three genes-fatty acid (FA) ω-hydroxylase Cyp4f39 (human CYP4F22 ortholog), FA elongase Elovl1, and acyl-CoA synthetase Fatp4-were subjected to transepidermal water loss measurement, toluidine blue staining, and epidermal ceramide profiling via liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS Transepidermal water loss was highest in Cyp4f39 KO mice, followed by Elovl1 KO and Fatp4 KO mice, and Cyp4f39 KO mice also showed the strongest degree of toluidine blue staining. In Cyp4f39 KO, Elovl1 KO, and Fatp4 KO mice, acylceramide levels were 0.6%, 1.6%, and 12%, respectively, of those in wild-type mice. Protein-bound ceramide levels were 0.2%, 30%, and 33%, respectively, of those in wild-type mice. We also observed a near-complete absence of ω-hydroxy ceramides in Cyp4f39 KO mice, reduced total ceramide levels and shortened FA moieties in Elovl1 KO mice, and increased hydroxylated ceramide levels and slightly shortened FA moieties in Fatp4 KO mice. CONCLUSIONS The degree of reduction in protein-bound ceramide levels is probably related to the severity of skin barrier defects in these three strains. However, reduced acylceramide levels and other changes in ceramide composition unique to each KO strain are also involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Sassa
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Akio Kihara
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
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5
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Ohno Y, Nakamura T, Iwasaki T, Katsuyama A, Ichikawa S, Kihara A. Determining the structure of protein-bound ceramides, essential lipids for skin barrier function. iScience 2023; 26:108248. [PMID: 37965138 PMCID: PMC10641502 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein-bound ceramides, specialized ceramides covalently bound to corneocyte surface proteins, are essential for skin permeability barrier function. However, their exact structure and target amino acid residues are unknown. Here, we found that epoxy-enone (EE) ceramides, precursors of protein-bound ceramides, as well as their synthetic analog, formed stable conjugates only with Cys among nucleophilic amino acids. NMR spectroscopy revealed that the β-carbon of the enone was attached by the thiol group of Cys via a Michael addition reaction. We confirmed the presence of Cys-bound EE ceramides in mouse epidermis by mass spectrometry analysis of protease-digested epidermis samples. EE ceramides were reversibly released from protein-bound ceramides via sulfoxide elimination. We found that protein-bound ceramides with reversible release properties accounted for approximately 60% of total protein-bound ceramides, indicating that Cys-bound EE ceramides are the predominant protein-bound ceramides. Our findings provide clues to the molecular mechanism of skin barrier formation by protein-bound ceramides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Ohno
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12-jo, Nishi 6-chome, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Nakamura
- Center for Research and Education on Drug Discovery, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12-jo, Nishi 6-chome, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Takafumi Iwasaki
- Center for Research and Education on Drug Discovery, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12-jo, Nishi 6-chome, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Akira Katsuyama
- Center for Research and Education on Drug Discovery, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12-jo, Nishi 6-chome, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ichikawa
- Center for Research and Education on Drug Discovery, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12-jo, Nishi 6-chome, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Akio Kihara
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12-jo, Nishi 6-chome, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
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6
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Mori K, Naganuma T, Kihara A. Role of 2-hydroxy acyl-CoA lyase HACL2 in odd-chain fatty acid production via α-oxidation in vivo. Mol Biol Cell 2023; 34:ar85. [PMID: 37285239 PMCID: PMC10398889 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e23-02-0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Although most fatty acids (FAs) are even chain, certain tissues, including brain, contain relatively large quantities of odd-chain FAs in their sphingolipids. One of the pathways producing odd-chain FAs is the α-oxidation of 2-hydroxy (2-OH) FAs, where 2-OH acyl-CoA lyases (HACL1 and HACL2) catalyze the key cleavage reaction. However, the contribution of each HACL to odd-chain FA production in vivo remains unknown. Here, we found that HACL2 and HACL1 play major roles in the α-oxidation of 2-OH FAs (especially very-long-chain types) and 3-methyl FAs (other α-oxidation substrates), respectively, using ectopic expression systems of human HACL2 and HACL1 in yeast and analyzing Hacl1 and/or Hacl2 knockout (KO) CHO-K1 cells. We then generated Hacl2 KO mice and measured the quantities of odd-chain and 2-OH lipids (free FAs and sphingolipids [ceramides, sphingomyelins, and monohexosylceramides]) in 17 tissues. We observed fewer odd-chain lipids and more 2-OH lipids in many tissues of Hacl2 KO mice than in wild-type mice, and of these differences the reductions were most prominent for odd-chain monohexosylceramides in the brain and ceramides in the stomach. These results indicate that HACL2-involved α-oxidation of 2-OH FAs is mainly responsible for odd-chain FA production in the brain and stomach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Mori
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Naganuma
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Akio Kihara
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
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7
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Jojima K, Kihara A. Metabolism of sphingadiene and characterization of the sphingadiene-producing enzyme FADS3. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2023; 1868:159335. [PMID: 37209771 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2023.159335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Of the long-chain bases (LCBs) that comprise the ceramides (CERs) present in mammals, only 4,14-sphingadiene (sphingadiene; SPD) has a cis double bond (at C14). Because of this unique structure, the metabolism of SPD may differ from that of other LCBs, but whether this is the case remains unclear. FADS3 is responsible for introducing the cis double bond in SPD. However, the substrate specificity of FADS3 and cofactors involved in the FADS3-catalyzed reaction are also unknown. In the present study, a cell-based assay using a ceramide synthase inhibitor and an in vitro experiment showed that FADS3 is active toward sphingosine (SPH)-containing CERs (SPH-CERs) but not toward free SPH. FADS3 exhibits specificity with respect to the chain length of the SPH moiety of SPH-CERs (active toward C16-20), but not that of the fatty acid moiety. Furthermore, FADS3 is active toward straight-chain and isobranched-chain SPH-containing CERs but not toward anteiso-branched forms. In addition to SPH-CERs, FADS3 also shows activity toward dihydrosphingosine-containing CERs, but this activity is approximately half of that toward SPH-CERs. It uses either NADH or NADPH as an electron donor, and the electron transfer is facilitated by cytochrome b5. The metabolic flow of SPD to sphingomyelin is predominant over that to glycosphingolipids. In the metabolic pathway from SPD to fatty acids, the chain length of the SPD is reduced by two carbons and the trans double bond at C4 is saturated. This study thus elucidates the enzymatic properties of FADS3 and the metabolism of SPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Jojima
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Akio Kihara
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan.
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8
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Sassa T, Kihara A. Involvement of ω-O-acylceramides and protein-bound ceramides in oral permeability barrier formation. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112363. [PMID: 37054712 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The permeability barrier present in the oral cavity is critical for protection from infection. Although lipids have properties suitable for permeability barrier formation, little is known about their role in oral barrier formation. Here, we show the presence of ω-O-acylceramides (acylceramides) and protein-bound ceramides, which are essential for the formation of permeability barriers in the epidermis, in the oral mucosae (buccal and tongue mucosae), esophagus, and stomach in mice. Conditional knockout of the fatty acid elongase Elovl1, which is involved in the synthesis of ≥C24 ceramides including acylceramides and protein-bound ceramides, in the oral mucosae and esophagus causes increased pigment penetration into the mucosal epithelium of the tongue and enhanced aversive responses to capsaicin-containing water. We find acylceramides in the buccal and gingival mucosae and protein-bound ceramides in the gingival mucosa in humans. These results indicate that acylceramides and protein-bound ceramides are important for oral permeability barrier formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Sassa
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan.
| | - Akio Kihara
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan.
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9
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Hirano Y, Ohno Y, Kubota Y, Fukagawa T, Kihara A, Haraguchi T, Hiraoka Y. Ceramide synthase homolog Tlc4 maintains nuclear envelope integrity via its Golgi translocation. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:310418. [PMID: 37078207 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.260923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Maintaining the integrity of the nuclear envelope (NE) is essential for preventing genomic DNA damage. Recent studies have shown that enzymes that catalyze lipid synthesis are involved in NE maintenance, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, we found that the ceramide synthase (CerS) homolog in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe Tlc4 (SPAC17A2.02c) suppressed NE defects in cells lacking the NE proteins Lem2 and Bqt4. Tlc4 possesses a TRAM/LAG1/CLN8-domain conserved in CerS proteins and functions through its non-catalytic activity. Tlc4 was localized at the NE and ER, similar to CerS proteins, and also showed unique additional localization at the cis- and medial-Golgi cisternae. Growth and mutation analyses revealed that Golgi localization of Tlc4 was tightly linked to its activity of suppressing the defects in the double-deletion mutant of Lem2 and Bqt4. Our results suggest that Lem2 and Bqt4 control the translocation of Tlc4 from the NE to the Golgi, which is necessary for maintaining NE integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Hirano
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ohno
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Yoshino Kubota
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Fukagawa
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Akio Kihara
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Tokuko Haraguchi
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yasushi Hiraoka
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
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10
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Ota A, Morita H, Naganuma T, Miyamoto M, Jojima K, Nojiri K, Matsuda J, Kihara A. Bifunctional DEGS2 has higher hydroxylase activity toward substrates with very-long-chain fatty acids in the production of phytosphingosine ceramides. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104603. [PMID: 36907437 PMCID: PMC10140171 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytosphingosine (PHS) is a sphingolipid component present mainly in epithelial tissues, including the epidermis and those lining the digestive tract. DEGS2 is a bifunctional enzyme that produces ceramides (CERs) containing PHS (PHS-CERs) via hydroxylation and sphingosine-CERs via desaturation, using dihydrosphingosine-CERs as substrates. Until now, the role of DEGS2 in permeability barrier functioning, its contribution to PHS-CER production, and the mechanism that differentiates between these two activities have been unknown. Here, we analyzed the barrier functioning of the epidermis, esophagus, and anterior stomach of Degs2 KO mice and found that there were no differences between Degs2 KO and WT mice, indicating normal permeability barriers in the KO mice. In the epidermis, esophagus, and anterior stomach of Degs2 KO mice, PHS-CER levels were greatly reduced relative to WT mice, but PHS-CERs were still present. We obtained similar results for DEGS2 KO human keratinocytes. These results indicate that although DEGS2 plays a major role in PHS-CER production, another synthesis pathway exists as well. Next, we examined the fatty acid (FA) composition of PHS-CERs in various mouse tissues and found that PHS-CER species containing very-long-chain FAs (≥C21) were more abundant than those containing long-chain FAs (C11-C20). A cell-based assay system revealed that the desaturase and hydroxylase activities of DEGS2 toward substrates with different FA chain lengths differed and that its hydroxylase activity was higher toward substrates containing very-long-chain FAs. Collectively, our findings contribute to the elucidation of the molecular mechanism of PHS-CER production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Ota
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroya Morita
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Naganuma
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | - Keisuke Jojima
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Koki Nojiri
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Junko Matsuda
- Department of Pathophysiology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan
| | - Akio Kihara
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
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11
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Bhaduri S, Aguayo A, Ohno Y, Proietto M, Jung J, Wang I, Kandel R, Singh N, Ibrahim I, Fulzele A, Bennett EJ, Kihara A, Neal SE. An ERAD-independent role for rhomboid pseudoprotease Dfm1 in mediating sphingolipid homeostasis. EMBO J 2023; 42:e112275. [PMID: 36350249 PMCID: PMC9929635 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2022112275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nearly one-third of nascent proteins are initially targeted to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), where they are correctly folded and assembled before being delivered to their final cellular destinations. To prevent the accumulation of misfolded membrane proteins, ER-associated degradation (ERAD) removes these client proteins from the ER membrane to the cytosol in a process known as retrotranslocation. Our previous work demonstrated that rhomboid pseudoprotease Dfm1 is involved in the retrotranslocation of ubiquitinated membrane integral ERAD substrates. Herein, we found that Dfm1 associates with the SPOTS complex, which is composed of serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT) enzymes and accessory components that are critical for catalyzing the first rate-limiting step of the sphingolipid biosynthesis pathway. Furthermore, Dfm1 employs an ERAD-independent role for facilitating the ER export and endosome- and Golgi-associated degradation (EGAD) of Orm2, which is a major antagonist of SPT activity. Given that the accumulation of human Orm2 homologs, ORMDLs, is associated with various pathologies, our study serves as a molecular foothold for understanding how dysregulation of sphingolipid metabolism leads to various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satarupa Bhaduri
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Biological SciencesUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Analine Aguayo
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Biological SciencesUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Yusuke Ohno
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Marco Proietto
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Biological SciencesUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Jasmine Jung
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Biological SciencesUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Isabel Wang
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Biological SciencesUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Rachel Kandel
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Biological SciencesUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Narinderbir Singh
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Biological SciencesUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Ikran Ibrahim
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Biological SciencesUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Amit Fulzele
- Present address:
Institute of Molecular BiologyMainzGermany
| | - Eric J Bennett
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Biological SciencesUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Akio Kihara
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Sonya E Neal
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Biological SciencesUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
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Tamura Y, Sassa T, Nishizawa T, Kihara A. Incomplete Elongation of Ultra-long-chain Polyunsaturated Acyl-CoAs by the Fatty Acid Elongase ELOVL4 in Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 34. Mol Cell Biol 2023; 43:1-17. [PMID: 36748939 PMCID: PMC9980445 DOI: 10.1080/10985549.2023.2169563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) are autosomal dominant diseases characterized by cerebellar atrophy and ataxia. The SCA subtype SCA34 is caused by specific mutations in the gene ELOVL4, which encodes a fatty acid (FA) elongase that synthesizes ultra-long-chain (ULC; ≥C26) FAs. However, the pathogenesis and molecular mechanism that confers dominant inheritance remains unknown. Here, a cell-based assay demonstrated that each of the five known SCA34 mutants produced shorter ULC polyunsaturated FA-containing phosphatidylcholines (ULC-PCs) than wild-type protein, in the following order of severity: Q180P and T233M > W246G > I171T and L168F. Next, we generated knock-in mouse embryonic stem cells that contained heterozygous Q180P, heterozygous W246G, or homozygous W246G mutations. Neuronal differentiation-dependent production of ULC-PCs was reduced in heterozygous Q180P and homozygous W246G cells relative to control cells, and we observed shortening of the FA moiety in all mutant cells. This FA shortening was consistent with our prediction that amino acid residues substituted by SCA34 mutations are located in the transmembrane helices that interact with the ω-end region of the FA moiety of the substrate acyl-CoA. Hence, reduced levels and shortening of ULC-PCs in neurons may cause SCA34, and incomplete elongation of ULC polyunsaturated acyl-CoAs by mutated ELOVL4 may induce dominant inheritance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Tamura
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Sassa
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takumi Nishizawa
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akio Kihara
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Takeichi T, Ohno Y, Tanahashi K, Ito Y, Shiraishi K, Utsunomiya R, Yoshida S, Ikeda K, Nomura H, Morizane S, Sayama K, Ogi T, Muro Y, Kihara A, Akiyama M. Ceramide Analysis in Combination With Genetic Testing May Provide a Precise Diagnosis for Self-Healing Collodion Babies. J Lipid Res 2022; 63:100308. [PMID: 36332686 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2022.100308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-healing collodion baby (SHCB), also called "self-improving collodion baby", is a rare mild variant of autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis and is defined as a collodion baby who shows the nearly complete resolution of scaling within the first 3 months to 1 year of life. However, during the neonatal period, it is not easy to distinguish SHCB from other inflammatory forms of autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis, such as congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma. Here, we report a case study of two Japanese SHCB patients with compound heterozygous mutations, c.235G>T (p.(Glu79∗))/ c.1189C>T (p.(Arg397Cys)) and c.1295A>G (p.(Tyr432Cys))/ c.1138delG (p.(Asp380Thrfs∗3)), in CYP4F22, which encodes cytochrome P450, family 4, subfamily F, polypeptide 22 (CYP4F22). Immunohistochemically, inflammation with the strong expression of IL-17C, IL-36γ, and TNF-α was seen in the skin at birth. CYP4F22 is an ultra-long-chain FA ω-hydroxylase responsible for ω-O-acylceramide (acylceramide) production. Among the epidermal ceramides, acylceramide is a key lipid in maintaining the epidermal permeability barrier function. We found that the levels of ceramides with ω-hydroxy FAs including acylceramides and the levels of protein-bound ceramides were much lower in stratum corneum samples obtained by tape stripping from SHCB patients than in those from their unaffected parents and individuals without SHCB. Additionally, our cell-based enzyme assay revealed that two mutants, p.(Glu79∗) and p.(Arg397Cys), had no enzyme activity. Our findings suggest that genetic testing coupled with noninvasive ceramide analyses using tape-stripped stratum corneum samples might be useful for the early and precise diagnosis of congenital ichthyoses, including SHCB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Takeichi
- Department of Dermatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Yusuke Ohno
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kana Tanahashi
- Department of Dermatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yasutoshi Ito
- Department of Dermatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ken Shiraishi
- Department of Dermatology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Ryo Utsunomiya
- Department of Dermatology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yoshida
- Department of Dermatology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Kenta Ikeda
- Department of Dermatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hayato Nomura
- Department of Dermatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shin Morizane
- Department of Dermatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Koji Sayama
- Department of Dermatology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Tomoo Ogi
- Department of Genetics, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine (RIeM), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan; Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshinao Muro
- Department of Dermatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Akio Kihara
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masashi Akiyama
- Department of Dermatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
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14
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Hamada Y, Sasaki L, Uehara H, Suzuki T, Kinoshita S, Otsuka K, Kihara A, Yamaguchi Y, Miyake T, Doi M. Optimising the method for visualising mouse meibomian gland using eyelid whole-mount lipid staining. Ocul Surf 2022; 26:268-270. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2022.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
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Arai A, Takeichi T, Wakamoto H, Sassa T, Ito Y, Murase Y, Ogi T, Akiyama M, Kihara A. Ceramide profiling of stratum corneum in Sjögren-Larsson syndrome. J Dermatol Sci 2022; 107:114-122. [PMID: 35973883 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2022.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sjögren-Larsson syndrome (SLS) is a neurocutaneous disorder whose causative gene is the fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase ALDH3A2 and of which ichthyosis is the major skin symptom. The stratum corneum contains a variety of ceramides, among which ω-O-acylceramides (acylceramides) and protein-bound ceramides are essential for skin permeability barrier formation. OBJECTIVES To determine the ceramide classes/species responsible for SLS pathogenesis and the enzymes that are impaired in SLS. METHODS Genomic DNA was collected from peripheral blood samples from an SLS patient and her parents, and whole-genome sequencing and Sanger sequencing were performed. Lipids were extracted from stratum corneum samples from the SLS patient and healthy volunteers and subjected to ceramide profiling via liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS A duplication (c.55_130dup) and a missense mutation (p.Lys447Glu) were found in the patient's ALDH3A2 gene. The patient had reduced levels of all acylceramide classes, with total acylceramide levels at 25 % of healthy controls. Reductions were also observed for several nonacylated ceramides: ceramides with phytosphingosine or 6-hydroxysphingosine in the long-chain base moiety were reduced to 24 % and 41 % of control levels, respectively, and ceramides with an α-hydroxy fatty acid as the fatty acid moiety were reduced to 29 %. The fatty acid moiety was shortened in many nonacylated ceramide classes. CONCLUSION These results suggest that reduced acylceramide levels are a primary cause of the ichthyosis symptoms of SLS, but reductions in other ceramide classes may also be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayami Arai
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takuya Takeichi
- Department of Dermatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Wakamoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Ehime Rehabilitation Center for Children, Ehime, Japan
| | - Takayuki Sassa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yasutoshi Ito
- Department of Dermatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuya Murase
- Department of Pediatrics, Ehime Rehabilitation Center for Children, Ehime, Japan
| | - Tomoo Ogi
- Department of Genetics, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine (RIeM), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan; Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masashi Akiyama
- Department of Dermatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Akio Kihara
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
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16
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Nohara T, Ohno Y, Kihara A. Impaired production of skin barrier lipid acylceramides and abnormal localization of PNPLA1 due to ichthyosis-causing mutations in PNPLA1. J Dermatol Sci 2022; 107:89-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2022.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Nakata M, Shimbo T, Kihara A, Sato C, Hori A, Yoshioka H, Yoshida K, Nihei K. Optimisation of Radiation Therapy in Bladder Preservation Therapy for Patients With Clinical Stage T2N0M0 Bladder Cancer. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2022; 34:e430-e436. [PMID: 35715341 DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2022.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
AIMS A novel bladder preservation therapy, the OMC (Osaka Medical College) regimen, which combines radiation therapy with balloon-occluded arterial infusion of anticancer agents, is a treatment option for patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). We retrospectively analysed the effects of changes in radiation dose and irradiation field on treatment efficacy and adverse events.The purpose of this study is to use the results of this study to help determine a course of radiation therapy for bladder preservation therapy of cT2N0M0 MIBC. MATERIALS AND METHODS We examined 352 patients with clinical stage T2N0M0 (cT2N0M0) MIBC classified into the following groups based on the irradiation method: group A, the whole pelvis (50 Gy/25 fractions) + local bladder (10 Gy/5 fractions); group B, the small pelvis (50 Gy/25 fractions) + local bladder (10 Gy/5 fractions); group C, the whole pelvis (40 Gy/20 fractions) + local bladder (10 Gy/5 fractions). RESULTS The complete response rate, 3-year overall survival and progression-free survival rates in group A were 92.9%, 94.9% and 82.1%, respectively; in group B were 87.2%, 86.7% and 76.7%, respectively; and in group C were 95.2%, 92.6% and 71.1%, respectively. No significant differences between the groups were noted. The incidence of ≥grade 3 urinary tract and gastrointestinal toxicities were not significantly different among the groups (group A: 7.8%, 1.7%; B, 11.1%, 0%; C, 7.1%, 1.8%, respectively). The 3-year progression-free rates of the common iliac lymph node (CILN) region in patients who received whole-pelvis and small-pelvis irradiation were 99.0 and 89.0% (P < 0.01), respectively, with the latter group having significantly high lymph node recurrence in the CILN region. CONCLUSIONS Our findings showed that the optimal radiation therapy for patients with cT2N0M0 MIBC undergoing the OMC regimen is whole-pelvis irradiation including the CILN region, with a total dose of 50 Gy/25 fractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nakata
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - T Shimbo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Osaka, Japan.
| | - A Kihara
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - C Sato
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - A Hori
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - H Yoshioka
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - K Yoshida
- Department of Radiology, Kansai Medical University Medical Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - K Nihei
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Osaka, Japan
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Takahashi T, Mercan S, Sassa T, Akçapınar GB, Yararbaş K, Süsgün S, İşeri SAU, Kihara A, Akçakaya NH. Hypomyelinating spastic dyskinesia and ichthyosis caused by a homozygous splice site mutation leading to exon skipping in ELOVL1. Brain Dev 2022; 44:391-400. [PMID: 35379526 DOI: 10.1016/j.braindev.2022.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Next generation sequencing technologies allow detection of very rare pathogenic gene variants and uncover cerebral palsy. Herein, we describe two siblings with cerebral palsy due to ELOVL1 splice site mutation in autosomal recessive manner. ELOVL1 catalyzes fatty acid elongation to produce very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs; ≥C21), most of which are components of sphingolipids such as ceramides and sphingomyelins. Ichthyotic keratoderma, spasticity, hypomyelination, and dysmorphic facies (MIM: 618527) stem from ELOVL1 gene deficiency in human. METHODS We have studied a consanguineous family with whole exome sequencing (WES) and performed in depth analysis of cryptic splicing on the molecular level using RNA. Comprehensive analysis of ceramides in the skin stratum corneum of patients using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). ELOVL1 protein structure was computationally modelled. RESULTS The novel c.376-2A > G (ENST00000372458.8) homozygous variant in the affected siblings causes exon skipping. Comprehensive analysis of ceramides in the skin stratum corneum of patients using LC-MS/MS demonstrated significant shortening of fatty acid moieties and severe reduction in the levels of acylceramides. DISCUSSION It has recently been shown that disease associated variants of ELOVL1 segregate in an autosomal dominant manner. However, our study for the first time demonstrates an alternative autosomal recessive inheritance model for ELOVL1. In conclusion, we suggest that in ultra-rare diseases, being able to identify the inheritance patterns of the disease-associated gene or genes can be an important guide to identifying the molecular mechanism of genetic cerebral palsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiko Takahashi
- Hokkaido University, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Sevcan Mercan
- Kafkas University, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Department of Bioengineering, Kars, Turkey
| | - Takayuki Sassa
- Hokkaido University, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Günseli Bayram Akçapınar
- Acibadem MAA University, Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Medical Biotechnology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kanay Yararbaş
- Demiroglu Bilim University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Seda Süsgün
- Istanbul University, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Department of Genetics, Istanbul, Turkey; Istanbul University, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey; Bezmialem Vakif University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sibel Aylin Uğur İşeri
- Istanbul University, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Department of Genetics, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Akio Kihara
- Hokkaido University, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Nihan Hande Akçakaya
- Demiroglu Bilim University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Istanbul, Turkey; Spastic Children's Foundation of Turkey, Cerebral Palsy Turkey, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Suzuki M, Ohno Y, Kihara A. Whole picture of human stratum corneum ceramides, including the chain-length diversity of long-chain bases. J Lipid Res 2022; 63:100235. [PMID: 35654151 PMCID: PMC9240646 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2022.100235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ceramides are essential lipids for skin permeability barrier function, and a wide variety of ceramide species exist in the stratum corneum (SC). Although ceramides with long-chain bases (LCBs) of various lengths have been identified in the human SC, a quantitative analysis that distinguishes ceramide species with different LCB chain lengths has not been yet published. Therefore, the whole picture of human SC ceramides remains unclear. Here, we conducted LC/MS/MS analyses to detect individual ceramide species differing in both the LCB and FA chain lengths and quantified 1,327 unbound ceramides and 254 protein-bound ceramides: the largest number of ceramide species reported to date. Ceramides containing an LCB whose chain length was C16–26 were present in the human SC. Of these, C18 (28.6%) was the most abundant, followed by C20 (24.8%) and C22 (12.8%). Each ceramide class had a characteristic distribution of LCB chain lengths and was divided into five groups according to this distribution. There was almost no difference in FA composition between the ceramide species containing LCBs of different chain lengths. Furthermore, we demonstrated that one of the serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT) complexes, SPTLC1/SPTLC3/SPTSSB, was able to produce C16–24 LCBs. The expression levels of all subunits constituting the SPT complexes increased during keratinocyte differentiation, resulting in the observed chain-length diversity of LCBs in the human SC. This study provides a molecular basis for elucidating human SC ceramide diversity and the pathogenesis of skin disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madoka Suzuki
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ohno
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akio Kihara
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
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20
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Otsuka K, Sawai-Ogawa M, Kihara A. Formation of fatty alcohols-components of meibum lipids-by the fatty acyl-CoA reductase FAR2 is essential for dry eye prevention. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22216. [PMID: 35238077 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101733r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Various lipids (mainly meibum lipids secreted by the meibomian glands) are present in the tear film lipid layer and play important roles in tear stability and the health of the cornea and conjunctiva. Many meibum lipids contain fatty alcohols (FAls) with chain lengths ≥C24, but the fatty acyl-CoA reductases (FARs) that produce them remain unclear. Here, using cell-based assays, we found that the two FAR isozymes (FAR1 and FAR2) show different substrate specificities: FAR1 and FAR2 are involved in the production of C16-C18 and ≥C20 FAls, respectively. Next, we generated Far2 knockout (KO) mice and examined their dry eye phenotype and meibum lipid composition. These mice showed a severe dry eye phenotype, characterized by plugged meibomian gland orifices, corneal damage, and tear film instability. The plugging was attributed to an increase in the melting point of the meibum lipids. Liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry revealed that FAl-containing meibum lipids (wax monoesters and types 1ω, 2α, and 2ω wax diesters) with a hydroxyl group at position 1 were almost completely absent in Far2 KO mice. The levels of di-unsaturated (O-acyl)-ω-hydroxy fatty acids were higher in Far2 KO mice than in wild type mice, but those of tri-unsaturated ones were comparable, suggesting the presence of two synthesis pathways for type 1ω wax diesters. These results indicate the importance of FAl-containing meibum lipids in the formation of a functional tear film lipid layer. In addition, our study provides clues to the molecular mechanism of the biosynthesis of meibum lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kento Otsuka
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Megumi Sawai-Ogawa
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akio Kihara
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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21
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Sassa T, Imai Y, Kihara A, Yamanishi K. Protein-bound ceramide levels in the epidermis of transglutaminase 1-deficient mice. J Dermatol 2021; 48:1799-1801. [PMID: 34405428 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.16113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Sassa
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yasutomo Imai
- Department of Dermatology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Akio Kihara
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kiyofumi Yamanishi
- Department of Dermatology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
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22
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Takeda K, Yano K, Yamada K, Kihara A. Amlexanox enhances the antitumor effect of anti-PD-1 antibody. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 560:1-6. [PMID: 33965784 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.04.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy, especially treatment with monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that block programmed cell death-1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) signaling, has attracted attention as a new therapeutic option for cancer. However, only a limited number of patients have responded to this treatment approach. In this study, we searched for compounds that enhance the efficacy of anti-PD-1 mAb using mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR), which is a mixed culture system of the two key cells (dendritic and T cells) involved in tumor immunity. We found that amlexanox enhanced production of interferon (IFN)-γ, an indicator of T cell activation, by anti-PD-1 mAb. Amlexanox also induced PD-L1 expression in dendritic cells in MLR, whereas it did not stimulate interleukin-2 production by Jurkat T cells. These results suggest that amlexanox acts on dendritic cells, not T cells, in MLR. Furthermore, it enhanced the antitumor effect of the anti-PD-1 mAb in vivo in a mouse tumor-bearing model. The combination of amlexanox and anti-PD-1 mAb increased the expression of Ifng encoding IFN-γ, IFN-γ-related genes, Cd274 encoding PD-L1, and cytotoxic T cell-related genes in tumors. In conclusion, amlexanox stimulates the antitumor effect of anti-PD-1 mAb by acting on dendritic cells, which in turn activates cytotoxic T cells in tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiko Takeda
- Research Center of Oncology, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Osaka, 618-8585, Japan; Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan.
| | - Koji Yano
- Department of Pharmacovigilance, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Osaka, 618-8585, Japan
| | - Kaoru Yamada
- Research Center of Oncology, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Osaka, 618-8585, Japan
| | - Akio Kihara
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
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23
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Sawai M, Watanabe K, Tanaka K, Kinoshita W, Otsuka K, Miyamoto M, Sassa T, Kihara A. Diverse meibum lipids produced by Awat1 and Awat2 are important for stabilizing tear film and protecting the ocular surface. iScience 2021; 24:102478. [PMID: 34113821 PMCID: PMC8169949 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A lipid layer consisting of meibum lipids exists in the tear film and functions in preventing dry eye disease. Although the meibum lipids include diverse lipid classes, the synthesis pathway and role of each class remain largely unknown. Here, we created single and double knockout (KO and DKO, respectively) mice for the two acyl-CoA wax alcohol acyltransferases (Awat1 and Awat2) and investigated their dry eye phenotypes and meibum lipid composition. Awat2 KO and DKO mice exhibited severe dry eye with meibomian gland dysfunction, whereas Awat1 KO mice had mild dry eye. In these mice, specific meibum lipid classes were reduced: (O-acyl)-ω-hydroxy fatty acids and type 1ω wax diesters in Awat1 KO mice, wax monoesters and types 1ω and 2ω wax diesters in Awat2 KO mice, and most of these in DKO mice. Our findings reveal that Awat1 and Awat2 show characteristic substrate specificity and together produce diverse meibum lipids. Awat2 knockout mice exhibit severe dry eye phenotypes Awat1 knockout mice exhibit mild dry eye phenotypes Awat2 is responsible for the production of wax monoesters and type 2ω wax diesters Awat1 is involved in (O-acyl)-ω-hydroxy fatty acid production
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Sawai
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Kita 12-jo, Nishi 6-chome, Kita-ku 060-0812, Japan
| | - Keisuke Watanabe
- Pharmaceutical Research Laboratories, Research and Development Headquarters, Lion Corporation, Odawara 256-0811, Japan
| | - Kana Tanaka
- Pharmaceutical Research Laboratories, Research and Development Headquarters, Lion Corporation, Odawara 256-0811, Japan
| | - Wataru Kinoshita
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Kita 12-jo, Nishi 6-chome, Kita-ku 060-0812, Japan
| | - Kento Otsuka
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Kita 12-jo, Nishi 6-chome, Kita-ku 060-0812, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Miyamoto
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Kita 12-jo, Nishi 6-chome, Kita-ku 060-0812, Japan
| | - Takayuki Sassa
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Kita 12-jo, Nishi 6-chome, Kita-ku 060-0812, Japan
| | - Akio Kihara
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Kita 12-jo, Nishi 6-chome, Kita-ku 060-0812, Japan
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24
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Watanabe K, Yoshida M, Okumura T, Sassa T, Kihara A, Uchiyama A. Improvement of Evaporative Dry Eye With Meibomian Gland Dysfunction in Model Mice by Treatment With Ophthalmic Solution Containing Mineral Oil. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2021; 10:21. [PMID: 34003999 PMCID: PMC8083063 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.10.4.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) is a major cause of evaporative dry eye. The purpose of this study is to assess the efficacy of a mineral oil-containing ophthalmic solution (MO) in mitigating the evaporative dry eye phenotypes in a mouse model in which fatty acid elongase Elovl1 is disrupted. Methods Elovl1-deficient mice were assessed in terms of number of plugged meibomian gland orifices, tear film breakup time (BUT), corneal fluorescein staining (CFS) score, tear quantity, and histology. The effects of the MO on the dry eye phenotypes were compared with those in groups not treated or treated with blank ophthalmic solution (BL). Results Untreated Elovl1-deficient mice exhibited dry eye phenotypes with MGD symptoms such as plugging of meibomian gland orifices (P = 0.002 compared with control mice), high CFS scores (P = 0.002), and shortened BUT (P < 0.001). Among three groups of Elovl1-deficient mice (MO treated, BL treated, and untreated), the MO-treated group exhibited fewer plugged orifices (MO treated, 7.6; BL treated, 10.5 [P = 0.033]; untreated, 13.0 [P < 0.001]), lower CFS scores (MO treated, 1.1; BL treated, 2.7 [P = 0.013]; untreated, 2.5 [P = 0.050]), and improved BUT (MO treated, 19.4 seconds; BL treated, 8.3 seconds [P = 0.098]; untreated, 1.5 seconds [P = 0.008]). Conclusions Elovl1-deficient mice exhibited multiple MGD symptoms, which were improved by MO. Translational Relevance Our findings reveal the usefulness of Elovl1-deficient mice as a model for dry eye with MGD and suggest the potential of mineral oil eye drops as a treatment for this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Watanabe
- Pharmaceutical Research Laboratories, Research and Development Headquarters, Lion Corporation, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masataka Yoshida
- Pharmaceutical Research Laboratories, Research and Development Headquarters, Lion Corporation, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takashi Okumura
- Pharmaceutical Research Laboratories, Research and Development Headquarters, Lion Corporation, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takayuki Sassa
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akio Kihara
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akira Uchiyama
- Pharmaceutical Research Laboratories, Research and Development Headquarters, Lion Corporation, Kanagawa, Japan
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25
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Goto H, Miyamoto M, Kihara A. Direct uptake of sphingosine-1-phosphate independent of phospholipid phosphatases. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100605. [PMID: 33785361 PMCID: PMC8093947 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a lipid mediator that is relatively abundant in plasma and plays an important role in the vascular and immune systems. To date, the only known mechanism for removing S1P from plasma has been dephosphorylation by phospholipid phosphatases (PLPPs) on the surface of cells in contact with the plasma. However, there remains a possibility that PLPP-independent dephosphorylation or direct S1P uptake into cells could occur. To examine these possibilities, here we generated triple KO (TKO) HAP1 cells that lacked all PLPPs (PLPP1–3) present in mammals. In the TKO cells, the intracellular metabolism of externally added deuterium-labeled S1P to ceramide was reduced to 17% compared with the WT cells, indicating that most extracellular S1P is dephosphorylated by PLPPs and then taken up into cells. However, this result also reveals the existence of a PLPP-independent S1P uptake pathway. Tracer experiments using [32P]S1P showed the existence of a direct S1P uptake pathway that functions without prior dephosphorylation. Overexpression of sphingolipid transporter 2 (SPNS2) or of major facilitator superfamily domain containing 2B (MFSD2B), both known S1P efflux transporters, in TKO cells increased the direct uptake of S1P, whereas KO of MFSD2B in TKO cells reduced this uptake. These results suggest that these are channel-type transporters and capable of not only exporting but also importing S1P. Furthermore, we observed that erythroid cells expressing MFSD2B, exhibited high S1P uptake activity. Our findings describing direct S1P uptake may contribute to the elucidation of the molecular mechanisms that regulate plasma S1P concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotaka Goto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | - Akio Kihara
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
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Yamamoto M, Sassa T, Kyono Y, Uemura H, Kugo M, Hayashi H, Imai Y, Yamanishi K, Kihara A. Comprehensive stratum corneum ceramide profiling reveals reduced acylceramides in ichthyosis patient with CERS3 mutations. J Dermatol 2021; 48:447-456. [PMID: 33492757 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.15725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The stratum corneum (SC) of the epidermis acts as a skin permeability barrier, and abnormalities in SC formation lead to several skin disorders. Lipids, especially the epidermis-specific ceramide classes ω-O-acylceramides (acylceramides) and protein-bound ceramides, are essential for skin barrier formation. Ceramide synthase 3 (CERS3) is involved in the synthesis of acylceramides and protein-bound ceramides, and CERS3 mutations cause autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis. In the present study, we measured ceramide synthase activity and performed comprehensive SC ceramide profiling in an ichthyosis patient with compound heterozygous CERS3 mutations: nonsense mutation p.Arg75* and missense mutation p.Arg229His. The activity of p.Arg75* and p.Arg229His mutant CERS3 proteins was reduced to 4% and 56%, respectively, of the wild-type protein. In the patient's SC, acylceramide levels were greatly reduced, but the levels of protein-bound ceramides remained almost unchanged. Non-acylated ceramide levels were also affected in the patient; in particular, the levels of ceramides composed of sphingosine and non-hydroxy or α-hydroxy fatty acid were substantially higher than in healthy controls. These results suggest that a reduction in acylceramide levels alone leads to ichthyosis. Although protein-bound ceramides are synthesized from acylceramides, levels of acylceramides and protein-bound ceramides are not necessarily correlated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moe Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Sassa
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuki Kyono
- Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Uemura
- Department of Pediatrics, Japanese Red Cross Society Himeji Hospital, Himeji, Japan
| | - Masaaki Kugo
- Department of Pediatrics, Japanese Red Cross Society Himeji Hospital, Himeji, Japan
| | - Hideki Hayashi
- Department of Dermatology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Yasutomo Imai
- Department of Dermatology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Kiyofumi Yamanishi
- Department of Dermatology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Akio Kihara
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Tanno H, Sassa T, Sawai M, Kihara A. Production of branched-chain very-long-chain fatty acids by fatty acid elongases and their tissue distribution in mammals. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1866:158842. [PMID: 33069870 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Although most mammalian fatty acids (FAs) are straight-chain, there also exist branched-chain FAs such as iso- and anteiso-FAs, especially in the meibomian glands. Meibum lipids, which are secreted from the meibomian glands and are important for dry eye prevention, contain abundant branched-chain lipids, such as cholesteryl esters and wax esters with chain-lengths of ≥C21 (very-long-chain; VLC). However, the exact tissue distribution of branched-chain lipids or the enzymes involved in the production of branched-chain VLCFAs has remained poorly understood. Here, we revealed that FA elongases ELOVL1, ELOVL3, and ELOVL7, of the seven mammalian ELOVL isozymes, elongated saturated branched-chain acyl-CoAs. ELOVL3 was highly active toward iso-C17:0 and anteiso-C17:0 acyl-CoAs and elongated them up to iso-C23:0 and anteiso-C25:0 acyl-CoAs, respectively. ELOVL1 elongated both iso- and anteiso-C23:0 acyl-CoAs to C25:0 acyl-CoAs. By establishing a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method capable of separating branched- and straight-chain lipids, we showed that essentially all of the cholesteryl esters and 88% of the wax esters in the mouse meibomian glands are branched. In Elovl1 mutant mice, the levels of ≥C24:0 branched-chain cholesteryl esters and ≥C25:0 branched-chain wax esters were decreased, indicating that ELOVL1 indeed elongates branched-chain VLC acyl-CoAs in vivo. In addition, substantial amounts of ceramides containing branched-chain FAs were present in the skin, meibomian glands, and liver. Our findings provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms that create FA and lipid diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honoka Tanno
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Takayuki Sassa
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan.
| | - Megumi Sawai
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Akio Kihara
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan.
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Nohara T, Ohno Y, Kihara A. Impaired production of the skin barrier lipid acylceramide by CYP4F22 ichthyosis mutations. J Dermatol Sci 2020; 101:69-71. [PMID: 33067036 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2020.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Nohara
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ohno
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Akio Kihara
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
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Kawana M, Miyamoto M, Ohno Y, Kihara A. Comparative profiling and comprehensive quantification of stratum corneum ceramides in humans and mice by LC/MS/MS. J Lipid Res 2020; 61:884-895. [PMID: 32265320 PMCID: PMC7269764 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.ra120000671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ceramides are the predominant lipids in the stratum corneum (SC) and are crucial components for normal skin barrier function. Although the composition of various ceramide classes in the human SC has been reported, that in mice is still unknown, despite mice being widely used as animal models of skin barrier function. Here, we performed LC/MS/MS analyses using recently available ceramide class standards to measure 25 classes of free ceramides and 5 classes of protein-bound ceramides from human and mouse SC. Phytosphingosine- and 6-hydroxy sphingosine-type ceramides, which both contain an additional hydroxyl group, were abundant in the human SC (35% and 45% of total ceramides, respectively). In contrast, in mice, phytosph-ingosine- and 6-hydroxy sphingosine-type ceramides were present at ∼1% and undetectable levels, respectively, and sphingosine-type ceramides accounted for ∼90%. In humans, ceramides containing α-hydroxy FA were abundant, whereas ceramides containing β-hydroxy or ω-hydroxy FA were abundant in mice. The hydroxylated β-carbon in β-hydroxy ceramides was in the (R) configuration. Genetic knockout of β-hydroxy acyl-CoA dehydratases in HAP1 cells increased β-hydroxy ceramide levels, suggesting that β-hydroxy acyl-CoA, an FA-elongation cycle intermediate in the ER, is a substrate for β-hydroxy ceramide synthesis. We anticipate that our methods and findings will help to elucidate the role of each ceramide class in skin barrier formation and in the pathogenesis of skin disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Momoko Kawana
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Miyamoto
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ohno
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akio Kihara
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Mori K, Obara T, Seki N, Miyamoto M, Naganuma T, Kitamura T, Kihara A. Catalytic residues, substrate specificity, and role in carbon starvation of the 2-hydroxy FA dioxygenase Mpo1 in yeast. J Lipid Res 2020; 61:1104-1114. [PMID: 32350077 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.ra120000803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The yeast protein Mpo1 belongs to a protein family that is widely conserved in bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and plants, and is the only protein of this family whose function has so far been elucidated. Mpo1 is an Fe2+-dependent dioxygenase that catalyzes the α-oxidation reaction of 2-hydroxy (2-OH) long-chain FAs (LCFAs) produced in the degradation pathway of the long-chain base phytosphingosine. However, several biochemical characteristics of Mpo1, such as its catalytic residues, membrane topology, and substrate specificity, remain unclear. Here, we report that yeast Mpo1 contains two transmembrane domains and that both its N- and C-terminal regions are exposed to the cytosol. Mutational analyses revealed that three histidine residues conserved in the Mpo1 family are especially important for Mpo1 activity, suggesting that they may be responsible for the formation of coordinate bonds with Fe2+ We found that, in addition to activity toward 2-OH LCFAs, Mpo1 also exhibits activity toward 2-OH very-long-chain FAs derived from the FA moiety of sphingolipids. These results indicate that Mpo1 is involved in the metabolism of long-chain to very-long-chain 2-OH FAs produced in different pathways. We noted that the growth of mpo1Δ cells is delayed upon carbon deprivation, suggesting that the Mpo1-mediated conversion of 2-OH FAs to nonhydroxy FAs is important for utilizing 2-OH FAs as a carbon source under carbon starvation. Our findings help to elucidate the as yet unknown functions and activities of other Mpo1 family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Mori
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Takashi Obara
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Naoya Seki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Miyamoto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Naganuma
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Takuya Kitamura
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Akio Kihara
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan. mailto:
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31
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Miyamoto M, Sassa T, Sawai M, Kihara A. Lipid polarity gradient formed by ω-hydroxy lipids in tear film prevents dry eye disease. eLife 2020; 9:53582. [PMID: 32252890 PMCID: PMC7138607 DOI: 10.7554/elife.53582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Meibum lipids form a lipid layer on the outermost side of the tear film and function to prevent water evaporation and reduce surface tension. (O-Acyl)-ω-hydroxy fatty acids (OAHFAs), a subclass of these lipids, are thought to be involved in connecting the lipid and aqueous layers in tears, although their actual function and synthesis pathway have to date remained unclear. Here, we reveal that the fatty acid ω-hydroxylase Cyp4f39 is involved in OAHFA production. Cyp4f39-deficient mice exhibited damaged corneal epithelium and shortening of tear film break-up time, both indicative of dry eye disease. In addition, tears accumulated on the lower eyelid side, indicating increased tear surface tension. In Cyp4f39-deficient mice, the production of wax diesters (type 1ω and 2ω) and cholesteryl OAHFAs was also impaired. These OAHFA derivatives show intermediate polarity among meibum lipids, suggesting that OAHFAs and their derivatives contribute to lipid polarity gradient formation for tear film stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Miyamoto
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Sassa
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Megumi Sawai
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akio Kihara
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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32
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Wang Z, Higashikawa K, Yasui H, Kuge Y, Ohno Y, Kihara A, Midori YA, Houkin K, Kawabori M. FTY720 Protects Against Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Preventing the Redistribution of Tight Junction Proteins and Decreases Inflammation in the Subacute Phase in an Experimental Stroke Model. Transl Stroke Res 2020; 11:1103-1116. [PMID: 32103462 PMCID: PMC7496052 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-020-00789-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Injury due to brain ischemia followed by reperfusion (I/R) may be an important therapeutic target in the era of thrombectomy. FTY720, a widely known sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor agonist, exerts various neuroprotective effects. The aim of this study was to examine the protective effect of FTY720 with respect to I/R injury, especially focusing on blood-brain barrier (BBB) protection and anti-inflammatory effects. Male rats were subjected to transient ischemia and administered vehicle or 0.5 or 1.5 mg/kg of FTY720 immediately before reperfusion. Positron emission tomography (PET) with [18F]DPA-714 was performed 2 and 9 days after the insult to serially monitor neuroinflammation. Bovine and rat brain microvascular endothelial cells (MVECs) were also subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) and reperfusion, and administered FTY720, phosphorylated-FTY720 (FTY720-P), or their inhibitor. FTY720 dose-dependently reduced cell death, the infarct size, cell death including apoptosis, and inflammation. It also ameliorated BBB disruption and neurological deficits compared to in the vehicle group. PET indicated that FTY720 significantly inhibited the worsening of inflammation in later stages. FTY720-P significantly prevented the intracellular redistribution of tight junction proteins but did not increase their mRNA expression. These results suggest that FTY720 can ameliorate I/R injury by protecting the BBB and regulating neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zifeng Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Kei Higashikawa
- Central Institutes of Isotope Science (Laboratory of Integrated Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Imaging, Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hironobu Yasui
- Central Institutes of Isotope Science (Laboratory of Integrated Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Imaging, Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yuji Kuge
- Central Institutes of Isotope Science (Laboratory of Integrated Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Imaging, Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ohno
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Akio Kihara
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yenari A Midori
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco and the San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kiyohiro Houkin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Masahito Kawabori
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8638, Japan.
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33
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Kawaguchi M, Sassa T, Kidokoro H, Nakata T, Kato K, Muramatsu H, Okuno Y, Yamamoto H, Kaname T, Kihara A, Natsume J. Novel biallelic FA2H mutations in a Japanese boy with fatty acid hydroxylase-associated neurodegeneration. Brain Dev 2020; 42:217-221. [PMID: 31837835 DOI: 10.1016/j.braindev.2019.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
FA2H encodes fatty acid 2-hydroxylase, which plays a significant role in maintaining the neuronal myelin sheath. Previous reports have revealed that a FA2H mutation leads to spastic paraplegia, leukodystrophy, and neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation, collectively referred to as fatty acid hydroxylase-associated neurodegeneration (FAHN). The disease severity of FAHN varies among individual patients and may be explained by the enzyme activity of FA2H mutant proteins. Here we report a 10-year-old Japanese boy with FAHN having novel heterozygous mutations in FA2H. The patient presented with a spastic gait since the age of 5 years and was unable to walk without a cane by the time he was 8 years old. Brain MRI demonstrated a partial thinning of the corpus callosum, slight reduction of cerebellar volume, and posterior dominant periventricular leukodystrophy. Whole exome sequencing revealed two novel missense mutations in FA2H with compound heterozygous inheritance (NM_024306, p.Val149Leu, and p.His260Gln mutations). The enzyme activities of the p.Val149Leu and p.His260Gln variants were 60%-80% and almost 0%, respectively. Our cell-based enzyme assay demonstrated partial functionality for one of the variants, indicating a milder phenotype. However, considered along with previous reports, there was no definite relationship between the disease severity and residual enzyme activity measured using a similar method. Further research is needed to precisely predict the phenotypic severity of this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Kawaguchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takayuki Sassa
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kidokoro
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Tomohiko Nakata
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kohji Kato
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan; Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hideki Muramatsu
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yusuke Okuno
- Medical Genomics Center, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yamamoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tadashi Kaname
- Department of Genome Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akio Kihara
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Jun Natsume
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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34
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Obara K, Kotani T, Nakatogawa H, Kihara A, Kamura T. N-glycosylation of Rim21 at an Unconventional Site Fine-tunes Its Behavior in the Plasma Membrane. Cell Struct Funct 2020; 45:1-8. [PMID: 31787665 PMCID: PMC10739146 DOI: 10.1247/csf.19021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The polytopic plasma membrane protein Rim21 senses both the elevation of ambient pH and alterations in plasma membrane lipid asymmetry in the Rim101 pathway in budding yeast. Rim21 is known to undergo N-glycosylation, but the site and function of the glycosylation modification is not known. Using a systematic mutation analysis, we found that Rim21 is N-glycosylated at an unconventional motif located in the N-terminal extracellular region. The Rim21 mutant protein that failed to receive N-glycosylation showed prolonged protein lifetime compared to that of WT Rim21 protein. Although both the WT and mutant Rim21 localized to the plasma membrane, they exhibited different biochemical fractionation profiles. The mutant Rim21, but not WT Rim21, was mainly fractionated into the heavy membrane fraction. Further, compared to WT Rim21, mutant Rim21 was more easily solubilized with digitonin but was conversely more resistant to solubilization with Triton X-100. Despite these different biochemical properties from WT Rim21, mutant Rim21 protein could still activate the Rim101 pathway in response to external alkalization. Collectively, N-glycosylation of Rim21 is not indispensable for its activity as a sensor protein, but modulates the residence of Rim21 protein to some microdomains within the plasma membrane with distinct lipid conditions, thereby affecting its turnover.Key words: plasma membrane, lipid asymmetry, N-linked glycosylation, microdomain, Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Obara
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Kotani
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta-cho 4259 B-20, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Nakatogawa
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta-cho 4259 B-20, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Akio Kihara
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12-jo Nishi 6-chome, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Takumi Kamura
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
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35
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Jojima K, Edagawa M, Sawai M, Ohno Y, Kihara A. Biosynthesis of the anti-lipid-microdomain sphingoid base 4,14-sphingadiene by the ceramide desaturase FADS3. FASEB J 2020; 34:3318-3335. [PMID: 31916624 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902645r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Sphingolipids are multifunctional lipids. Among the sphingolipid-component sphingoid bases, 4,14-sphingadiene (SPD) is unique such that it has a cis double bond with a bent structure. Although SPD was discovered half a century ago, its tissue distribution, biosynthesis, and degradation remain poorly understood. Here, we established a specific and quantitative method for SPD measurement and found that SPD exists in a wide range of mammalian tissues. SPD was especially abundant in kidney, where the amount of SPD was ~2/3 of sphingosine, the most abundant sphingoid base in mammals. Although SPD is metabolized to ceramides and SPD 1-phosphate with almost the same efficiency as sphingosine, it is less susceptible to degradation by a cleavage reaction, at least in vitro. We identified the fatty acid desaturase family protein FADS3 as a ceramide desaturase that produces SPD ceramides by desaturating ceramides containing sphingosine. SPD sphingolipids were preferentially localized outside lipid microdomains, suggesting that SPD has different functions compared to other sphingoid bases in the formation of lipid microdomains. In summary, we revealed the biosynthesis and degradation pathways of SPD and its characteristic membrane localization. Our findings contribute to the elucidation of the molecular mechanism underlying the generation of sphingolipid diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Jojima
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Mai Edagawa
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Megumi Sawai
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ohno
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akio Kihara
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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36
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Isokawa M, Sassa T, Hattori S, Miyakawa T, Kihara A. Reduced chain length in myelin sphingolipids and poorer motor coordination in mice deficient in the fatty acid elongase Elovl1. FASEB Bioadv 2019; 1:747-759. [PMID: 32123819 PMCID: PMC6996318 DOI: 10.1096/fba.2019-00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Very-long-chain fatty acids, with a chain length of >C20, are abundant in myelin sphingolipids. Recently, a de novo mutation in the ELOVL1 gene, which encodes fatty acid elongase, was identified in patients with neurocutaneous disorders involving skin ichthyosis and multiple neurological abnormalities, including hypomyelination, spastic paraplegia, and high-frequency deafness. However, the consequences of ELOVL1 deficiency for lipid composition and detailed pathological changes in the brain remain unclear. Here, we analyzed Elovl1 mutant mice as a model of human ELOVL1 deficiency. The mice exhibited a decreased postnatal survival rate, and some died of startle epilepsy. The acyl chain length of sphingolipids such as galactosylceramides, sulfatides, sphingomyelins, and ceramides in the brains of these mice was markedly shortened. Moreover, the mice exhibited reduced levels of galactosylceramides, which are important for myelin formation and stability. Electron microscope analysis of the corpus callosum in Elovl1 mutant mice revealed modest hypomyelination, especially in large-diameter axons. Furthermore, behavioral testing of the mice revealed deficits such as poorer motor coordination and reduced acoustic startle response to high-intensity stimulus. These findings provide clues to the molecular mechanism of the neurological symptoms of patients with the ELOVL1 mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Isokawa
- Laboratory of BiochemistryFaculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Takayuki Sassa
- Laboratory of BiochemistryFaculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Satoko Hattori
- Division of Systems Medical ScienceInstitute for Comprehensive Medical ScienceFujita Health UniversityToyoakeJapan
| | - Tsuyoshi Miyakawa
- Division of Systems Medical ScienceInstitute for Comprehensive Medical ScienceFujita Health UniversityToyoakeJapan
| | - Akio Kihara
- Laboratory of BiochemistryFaculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
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Kinugasa Y, Hirano Y, Sawai M, Ohno Y, Shindo T, Asakawa H, Chikashige Y, Shibata S, Kihara A, Haraguchi T, Hiraoka Y. The very-long-chain fatty acid elongase Elo2 rescues lethal defects associated with loss of the nuclear barrier function in fission yeast cells. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:jcs.229021. [PMID: 30975915 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.229021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In eukaryotic cells, chromosomes are confined to the nucleus, which is compartmentalized by the nuclear membranes; these are continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum membranes. Maintaining the homeostasis of these membranes is an important cellular activity performed by lipid metabolic enzymes. However, how lipid metabolic enzymes affect nuclear membrane functions remains to be elucidated. We found that the very-long-chain fatty acid elongase Elo2 is located in the nuclear membrane and prevents lethal defects associated with nuclear membrane ruptures in mutants of the nuclear membrane proteins Lem2 and Bqt4 in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Lipid composition analysis shows that t20:0/24:0 phytoceramide (a conjugate of C20:0 phytosphingosine and C24:0 fatty acid) is a major ceramide species in S. pombe The quantity of this ceramide is reduced in the absence of Lem2, and restored by increased expression of Elo2. Furthermore, loss of S. pombe Elo2 can be rescued by its human orthologs. These results suggest that the conserved very-long-chain fatty acid elongase producing the ceramide component is essential for nuclear membrane integrity and cell viability in eukaryotes.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuha Kinugasa
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Hirano
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Megumi Sawai
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ohno
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Tomoko Shindo
- Electron Microscope Laboratory, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Asakawa
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuji Chikashige
- Advanced ICT Research Institute Kobe, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Kobe 651-2492, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Shibata
- Electron Microscope Laboratory, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Akio Kihara
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Tokuko Haraguchi
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan.,Advanced ICT Research Institute Kobe, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Kobe 651-2492, Japan
| | - Yasushi Hiraoka
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan .,Advanced ICT Research Institute Kobe, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Kobe 651-2492, Japan
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38
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Feng WZ, Kawabori M, Houkin K, Abumiya T, Higashikawa K, Yasui H, Kuge Y, Kihara A, Ohno Y. Abstract WP547: FTY720 (Fingolimod) Ameliorates Ischemia Reperfusion Injury in Experimental Stroke Model. Stroke 2019. [DOI: 10.1161/str.50.suppl_1.wp547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Fingolimod (FTY720), a widely known sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptor agonist, was approved as a treatment for multiple sclerosis due to its strong anti-inflammatory effect.
Methods:
In-vivo study, FTY720 was injected intraperitoneally just before reperfusion. Neurological score and infarct volume were evaluated at Day0, 1, 3, 5, and 7 after MCAO. Evans Blue analysis and immunohistochemistry were conducted at day1 and day7. [18F]DPA-714 PET was performed 2 and 9 days after MCAO. In vitro study, in order to perform OGD, Bovine Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells (BBMVECs) were incubated in a glucose-free medium under 1% oxygen condition, and then reperfused for 4 hours. In vitro models of ischemia/reperfusion injury were exposed to FTY720, FTY720-P, S1P and SEW (100 nM) immediately after reperfusion. The effects of FTY720 on the blood brain barrier were examined by real-time PCR analysis and immunofluorescence staining.
Results:
In this study, we observed that FTY720 reduced infarction size and improved neurological score after MCAO. [18F]DPA-714 PET showed a high standardized uptake value (SUV) around the ischemic area 2 days after MCAO. Although SUV was increased further 9 days after MCAO in both treatment groups, the increase was significantly inhibited in 1.5mg/kg group. In addition, FTY720 recovered the integrity of blood brain barrier which has been disrupted by ischemia/reperfusion injury. However, we observed that FTY720 can improve the integrity of blood brain barrier by inducing the translocation of tight junction and adherins junction, but FTY720 cannot ameliorate the expression of tight junction and adherins junction.
Conclusions:
The present results suggest that FTY720 improves neurological score, reduces infarction size, inflammatory activation and neuronal apoptosis. Especially ameliorates the integrity of Blood-Brain Barrier by inducing the translocation of tight junction and adherins junction after transient MCAO.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yuji Kuge
- Biomedical Imaging, Hokkaido Univ, Sapporo, Japan
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Mueller N, Sassa T, Morales-Gonzalez S, Schneider J, Salchow DJ, Seelow D, Knierim E, Stenzel W, Kihara A, Schuelke M. De novo mutation in ELOVL1 causes ichthyosis, acanthosis nigricans, hypomyelination, spastic paraplegia, high frequency deafness and optic atrophy. J Med Genet 2018; 56:164-175. [PMID: 30487246 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2018-105711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) are essential for functioning of biological membranes. ELOVL fatty acid elongase 1 catalyses elongation of saturated and monounsaturated C22-C26-VLCFAs. We studied two patients with a dominant ELOVL1 mutation. Independently, Kutkowska-Kaźmierczak et al. had investigated the same patients and found the same mutation. We extended our study towards additional biochemical, functional, and therapeutic aspects. METHODS We did mutation screening by whole exome sequencing. RNA-sequencing was performed in patient and control fibroblasts. Ceramide and sphingomyelin levels were measured by LC-MS/MS. ELOVL1 activity was determined by a stable isotope-labelled [13C]malonyl-CoA elongation assay. ELOVL1 expression patterns were investigated by immunofluorescence, in situ hybridisation and RT-qPCR. As treatment option, we investigated VLCFA loading of fibroblasts. RESULTS Both patients carried an identical heterozygous de novo ELOVL1 mutation (c.494C>T, NM_001256399; p.S165F) not deriving from a founder allele. Patients suffered from epidermal hyperproliferation and increased keratinisation (ichthyosis). Hypomyelination of the central white matter explained spastic paraplegia and central nystagmus, while optic atrophy was causative for reduction of peripheral vision and visual acuity. The mutation abrogated ELOVL1 enzymatic activity and reduced ≥C24 ceramides and sphingomyelins in patient cells. Fibroblast loading with C22:0-VLCFAs increased C24:0-ceramides and sphingomyelins. We found competitive inhibition for ceramide and sphingomyelin synthesis between saturated and monounsaturated VLCFAs. Transcriptome analysis revealed upregulation of modules involved in epidermal development and keratinisation, and downregulation of genes for neurodevelopment, myelination, and synaptogenesis. Many regulated genes carried consensus proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)α and PPARγ binding motifs in their 5'-regions. CONCLUSION A dominant ELOVL1 mutation causes a neuro-ichthyotic disorder possibly amenable to treatment with PPAR-modulating drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noomi Mueller
- NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Neuropediatrics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Takayuki Sassa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | - Joanna Schneider
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel J Salchow
- Department of Ophthalmology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dominik Seelow
- NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ellen Knierim
- NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Neuropediatrics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Werner Stenzel
- Institute of Neuropathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Akio Kihara
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Markus Schuelke
- NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Neuropediatrics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Ohno Y, Nara A, Nakamichi S, Kihara A. Molecular mechanism of the ichthyosis pathology of Chanarin-Dorfman syndrome: Stimulation of PNPLA1-catalyzed ω-O-acylceramide production by ABHD5. J Dermatol Sci 2018; 92:245-253. [PMID: 30527376 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2018.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND ABHD5 mutations cause Chanarin-Dorfman syndrome accompanied by ichthyosis. ω-O-Acylceramide (acylceramide) is essential for skin permeability barrier formation. Acylceramide production is impaired in Abhd5 knockout mice. The transacylase PNPLA1 catalyzes the final step of acylceramide production: transfer of linoleic acid in triglyceride to ω-hydroxyceramide. OBJECTIVE We aimed to elucidate the role of ABHD5 in acylceramide production and the molecular mechanism of the ichthyosis symptoms of Chanarin-Dorfman syndrome. METHODS We investigated how ABHD5 influences acylceramide production using an acylceramide-producing cell system. The effects of ABHD5 and PNPLA1 expression on the morphology of lipid droplets were examined by indirect immunofluorescent microscopy and immunoelectron microscopy. RESULTS When ABHD5 was expressed in the acylceramide-producing cell system, acylceramide synthesis by PNPLA1 was enhanced. Dispersed localization of PNPLA1 was observed by immunofluorescent microscopy in HeLa cells under lipid droplet-forming conditions. Co-expression with ABHD5 caused PNPLA1 to localize on the lipid droplet membranes or their periphery. This staining pattern was observed in cells where PNPLA1 and ABHD5 were expressed at low levels. In contrast, lipid droplets disappeared in cells where PNPLA1 and ABHD5 were highly expressed. Immunoelectron microscopic analyses suggested that lipid droplets underwent morphological changes, transforming into vesicles or becoming incorporated into the endoplasmic reticulum. ABHD5 mutations found in Chanarin-Dorfman syndrome patients reduced ABHD5's ability to promote PNPLA1-dependent acylceramide production. CONCLUSION ABHD5 enhances PNPLA1-catalyzed acylceramide production. We speculate that ABHD5 retains triglycerides in the endoplasmic reticulum, and presents them to PNPLA1 to promote substrate recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Ohno
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Atsuki Nara
- Faculty of Bioscience, Nagahama Institute of Bio-science and Technology, Nagahama 526-0829, Japan
| | - Shota Nakamichi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Akio Kihara
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan.
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Asakura T, Ishii M, Namkoong H, Suzuki S, Kagawa S, Yagi K, Komiya T, Hashimoto T, Okamori S, Kamata H, Tasaka S, Kihara A, Hegab AE, Hasegawa N, Betsuyaku T. Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor modulator ONO-4641 stimulates CD11b +Gr-1 + cell expansion and inhibits lymphocyte infiltration in the lungs to ameliorate murine pulmonary emphysema. Mucosal Immunol 2018; 11:1606-1620. [PMID: 30116000 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-018-0077-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Sphingolipids play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, little is known about the precise roles of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), a bioactive sphingolipid metabolite, and its receptor modulation in COPD. In this study, we demonstrated that the S1P receptor modulator ONO-4641 induced the expansion of lung CD11b+Gr-1+ cells and lymphocytopenia in naive mice. ONO-4641-expanded CD11b+Gr-1+ cells showed higher arginase-1 activity, decreased T cell proliferation, and lower IFN-γ production in CD3+ T cells, similar to the features of myeloid-derived suppressor cells. ONO-4641 treatment decreased airspace enlargement in elastase-induced and cigarette smoke-induced emphysema models and attenuated emphysema exacerbation induced by post-elastase pneumococcal infection, which was also associated with an increased number of lung CD11b+Gr-1+ cells. Adoptive transfer of ONO-4641-expanded CD11b+Gr-1+ cells protected against elastase-induced emphysema. Lymphocytopenia observed in these models likely contributed to beneficial ONO-4641 effects. Thus, ONO-4641 attenuated murine pulmonary emphysema by expanding lung CD11b+Gr-1+ cell populations and inducing lymphocytopenia. The S1P receptor might be a promising target for strategies aimed at ameliorating pulmonary emphysema progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Asakura
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Japan Society of Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Ishii
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Ho Namkoong
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shoji Suzuki
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Japan Society of Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shizuko Kagawa
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuma Yagi
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takaki Komiya
- Department of Biology & Pharmacology, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takafumi Hashimoto
- Exploratory Research Laboratories, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Okamori
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Kamata
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sadatomo Tasaka
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Akio Kihara
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ahmed E Hegab
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoki Hasegawa
- Center for Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoko Betsuyaku
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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42
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Hirabayashi T, Murakami M, Kihara A. The role of PNPLA1 in ω-O-acylceramide synthesis and skin barrier function. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2018; 1864:869-879. [PMID: 30290227 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2018.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The human genome encodes nine enzymes belonging to the patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing lipase (PNPLA)/Ca2+-independent phospholipase A2 (iPLA2) family. Although most PNPLA/iPLA2 enzymes are widely distributed and act on phospholipids or neutral lipids as (phospho)lipases to play homeostatic roles in lipid metabolism, the function of PNPLA1 remained a mystery until a few years ago. However, the recent finding that mutations in the human PNPLA1 gene are linked to autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis (ARCI), as well as evidence obtained from biochemical and gene knockout studies, has shed light on the function of this enzyme in skin-specific sphingolipid metabolism rather than glycerophospholipid metabolism. PNPLA1 is specifically expressed in differentiated keratinocytes and plays a crucial role in the biosynthesis of ω-O-acylceramide, a particular class of sphingolipids that is essential for skin barrier function. PNPLA1 acts as a unique transacylase that specifically transfers linoleic acid from triglyceride to ω-hydroxy fatty acid in ceramide, thus giving rise to ω-O-acylceramide. In this review, we overview the biosynthetic route and biological role of epidermal ω-O-acylceramide, highlight the function of PNPLA1 as a bona fide acylceramide synthase required for proper skin barrier function and keratinocyte differentiation, and summarize the mutations of PNPLA1 currently identified in ARCI patients. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Novel functions of phospholipase A2 Guest Editors: Makoto Murakami and Gerard Lambeau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Hirabayashi
- Department of Advanced Science for Biomolecules, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan.
| | - Makoto Murakami
- Laboratory of Microenvironmental and Metabolic Health Science, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Akio Kihara
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12-jo, Nishi 6-chome, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
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43
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Kanetake T, Sassa T, Nojiri K, Sawai M, Hattori S, Miyakawa T, Kitamura T, Kihara A. Neural symptoms in a gene knockout mouse model of Sjögren-Larsson syndrome are associated with a decrease in 2-hydroxygalactosylceramide. FASEB J 2018; 33:928-941. [PMID: 30085884 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201800291r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Insulation by myelin lipids is essential to fast action potential conductivity: changes in their quality or amount can cause several neurologic disorders. Sjögren-Larsson syndrome (SLS) is one such disorder, which is caused by mutations in the fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase ALDH3A2. To date, the molecular mechanism underlying SLS pathology has remained unknown. In this study, we found that Aldh3a2 is expressed in oligodendrocytes and neurons in the mouse brain, and neurons of Aldh3a2 knockout (KO) mice exhibited impaired metabolism of the long-chain base, a component of sphingolipids. Aldh3a2 KO mice showed several abnormalities corresponding to SLS symptoms in behavioral tests, including increased paw slips on a balance beam and light-induced anxiety. In their brain tissue, 2-hydroxygalactosylceramide, an important lipid for myelin function and maintenance, was reduced by the inactivation of fatty acid 2-hydroxylase. Our findings provide important new insights into the molecular mechanisms responsible for neural pathogenesis caused by lipid metabolism abnormalities.-Kanetake, T., Sassa, T., Nojiri, K., Sawai, M., Hattori, S., Miyakawa, T., Kitamura, T., Kihara, A. Neural symptoms in a gene knockout mouse model of Sjögren-Larsson syndrome are associated with a decrease in 2-hydroxygalactosylceramide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsukasa Kanetake
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; and
| | - Takayuki Sassa
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; and
| | - Koki Nojiri
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; and
| | - Megumi Sawai
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; and
| | - Satoko Hattori
- Division of Systems Medical Science, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Miyakawa
- Division of Systems Medical Science, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Takuya Kitamura
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; and
| | - Akio Kihara
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; and
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44
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Sassa T, Tadaki M, Kiyonari H, Kihara A. Very long‐chain tear film lipids produced by fatty acid elongase ELOVL1 prevent dry eye disease in mice. FASEB J 2018; 32:2966-2978. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700947r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Sassa
- Laboratory of BiochemistryFaculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesHokkaido University Sapporo Japan
| | - Masato Tadaki
- Laboratory of BiochemistryFaculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesHokkaido University Sapporo Japan
| | | | - Akio Kihara
- Laboratory of BiochemistryFaculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesHokkaido University Sapporo Japan
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45
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Piña F, Yagisawa F, Obara K, Gregerson JD, Kihara A, Niwa M. Sphingolipids activate the endoplasmic reticulum stress surveillance pathway. J Cell Biol 2018; 217:495-505. [PMID: 29317528 PMCID: PMC5800815 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201708068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In yeast, the ER stress surveillance (ERSU) pathway ensures that daughter cells inherit a functional ER during ER stress. Piña et al. show that phytosphingosine (PHS) levels increase during ER stress and PHS alone is sufficient to activate the hallmarks of ERSU activation: cER inheritance block, septin mislocalization, and Slt2 phosphorylation. Proper inheritance of functional organelles is vital to cell survival. In the budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress surveillance (ERSU) pathway ensures that daughter cells inherit a functional ER. Here, we show that the ERSU pathway is activated by phytosphingosine (PHS), an early biosynthetic sphingolipid. Multiple lines of evidence support this: (1) Reducing PHS levels with myriocin diminishes the ability of cells to induce ERSU phenotypes. (2) Aureobasidin A treatment, which blocks conversion of early intermediates to downstream complex sphingolipids, induces ERSU. (3) orm1Δorm2Δ cells, which up-regulate PHS, show an ERSU response even in the absence of ER stress. (4) Lipid analyses confirm that PHS levels are indeed elevated in ER-stressed cells. (5) Lastly, the addition of exogenous PHS is sufficient to induce all ERSU phenotypes. We propose that ER stress elevates PHS, which in turn activates the ERSU pathway to ensure future daughter-cell viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Piña
- Division of Biological Sciences, Section of Molecular Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Fumi Yagisawa
- Division of Biological Sciences, Section of Molecular Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Keisuke Obara
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - J D Gregerson
- Division of Biological Sciences, Section of Molecular Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Akio Kihara
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Maho Niwa
- Division of Biological Sciences, Section of Molecular Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
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46
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Swamy MMM, Murai Y, Ohno Y, Jojima K, Kihara A, Mitsutake S, Igarashi Y, Yu J, Yao M, Suga Y, Anetai M, Monde K. Structure-inspired design of a sphingolipid mimic sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor agonist from a naturally occurring sphingomyelin synthase inhibitor. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:12758-12761. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc05595e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A monophosphate derivative of ginkgolic acid binds to sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) receptors to perform similar functions to the lipid mediator S1P.
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47
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Honda Y, Kitamura T, Naganuma T, Abe T, Ohno Y, Sassa T, Kihara A. Decreased Skin Barrier Lipid Acylceramide and Differentiation-Dependent Gene Expression in Ichthyosis Gene Nipal4-Knockout Mice. J Invest Dermatol 2017; 138:741-749. [PMID: 29174370 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
NIPAL4 is one of the causative genes for autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis. However, the role of NIPAL4 in skin barrier formation and the molecular mechanism of ichthyosis pathology caused by NIPAL4 mutations, have not yet been determined. Here, we found that Nipal4-knockout (KO) mice exhibited neonatal lethality due to skin barrier defects. Histological analyses showed several morphological abnormalities in the Nipal4-KO epidermis, including impairment of lipid multilayer structure formation, hyperkeratosis, immature keratohyalin granules, and developed heterochromatin structures. The levels of the skin barrier lipid acylceramide were decreased in Nipal4-KO mice. Expression of genes involved in skin barrier formation normally increases during keratinocyte differentiation, in which chromatin remodeling is involved. However, the induction of Krt1, Lor, Flg, Elovl1, and Dgat2 was impaired in Nipal4-KO mice. NIPAL4 is a putative Mg2+ transporter, and Mg2+ concentration in differentiated keratinocytes of Nipal4-KO mice was indeed lower than that of wild-type mice. Our results suggest that low Mg2+ concentration causes aberration in the proper chromatin remodeling process, which in turn leads to failure of differentiation-dependent gene induction in keratinocytes. Our findings provide insights into Mg2+-dependent regulation of gene expression and skin barrier formation during keratinocyte differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Honda
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takuya Kitamura
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Naganuma
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takaya Abe
- Animal Resource Development Unit and Genetic Engineering Team, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ohno
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Sassa
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akio Kihara
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
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Ghanegolmohammadi F, Yoshida M, Ohnuki S, Sukegawa Y, Okada H, Obara K, Kihara A, Suzuki K, Kojima T, Yachie N, Hirata D, Ohya Y. Systematic analysis of Ca 2+ homeostasis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae based on chemical-genetic interaction profiles. Mol Biol Cell 2017; 28:3415-3427. [PMID: 28566553 PMCID: PMC5687040 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e17-04-0216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the global landscape of Ca2+ homeostasis in budding yeast based on high-dimensional chemical-genetic interaction profiles. The morphological responses of 62 Ca2+-sensitive (cls) mutants were quantitatively analyzed with the image processing program CalMorph after exposure to a high concentration of Ca2+ After a generalized linear model was applied, an analysis of covariance model was used to detect significant Ca2+-cls interactions. We found that high-dimensional, morphological Ca2+-cls interactions were mixed with positive (86%) and negative (14%) chemical-genetic interactions, whereas one-dimensional fitness Ca2+-cls interactions were all negative in principle. Clustering analysis with the interaction profiles revealed nine distinct gene groups, six of which were functionally associated. In addition, characterization of Ca2+-cls interactions revealed that morphology-based negative interactions are unique signatures of sensitized cellular processes and pathways. Principal component analysis was used to discriminate between suppression and enhancement of the Ca2+-sensitive phenotypes triggered by inactivation of calcineurin, a Ca2+-dependent phosphatase. Finally, similarity of the interaction profiles was used to reveal a connected network among the Ca2+ homeostasis units acting in different cellular compartments. Our analyses of high-dimensional chemical-genetic interaction profiles provide novel insights into the intracellular network of yeast Ca2+ homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mitsunori Yoshida
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8562, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Ohnuki
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8562, Japan
| | - Yuko Sukegawa
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8562, Japan
- AIST-UTokyo Advanced Operand-Measurement Technology Open Innovation Laboratory, Kashiwa 277-0882, Japan
| | - Hiroki Okada
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8562, Japan
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6058
| | - Keisuke Obara
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Akio Kihara
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Kuninori Suzuki
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8562, Japan
- Bioimaging Center, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8562, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Kojima
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8562, Japan
| | - Nozomu Yachie
- Synthetic Biology Division, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan
| | - Dai Hirata
- Research and Development Department, Asahi Sake Brewing Co., Nagaoka 949-5494, Japan
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Graduate School of Advanced Sciences of Matter, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8530, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Ohya
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8562, Japan
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49
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Sawai M, Uchida Y, Ohno Y, Miyamoto M, Nishioka C, Itohara S, Sassa T, Kihara A. The 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydratases HACD1 and HACD2 exhibit functional redundancy and are active in a wide range of fatty acid elongation pathways. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:15538-15551. [PMID: 28784662 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.803171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Differences among fatty acids (FAs) in chain length and number of double bonds create lipid diversity. FA elongation proceeds via a four-step reaction cycle, in which the 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydratases (HACDs) HACD1-4 catalyze the third step. However, the contribution of each HACD to 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydratase activity in certain tissues or in different FA elongation pathways remains unclear. HACD1 is specifically expressed in muscles and is a myopathy-causative gene. Here, we generated Hacd1 KO mice and observed that these mice had reduced body and skeletal muscle weights. In skeletal muscle, HACD1 mRNA expression was by far the highest among the HACDs However, we observed only an ∼40% reduction in HACD activity and no changes in membrane lipid composition in Hacd1-KO skeletal muscle, suggesting that some HACD activities are redundant. Moreover, when expressed in yeast, both HACD1 and HACD2 participated in saturated and monounsaturated FA elongation pathways. Disruption of HACD2 in the haploid human cell line HAP1 significantly reduced FA elongation activities toward both saturated and unsaturated FAs, and HACD1 HACD2 double disruption resulted in a further reduction. Overexpressed HACD3 exhibited weak activity in saturated and monounsaturated FA elongation pathways, and no activity was detected for HACD4. We therefore conclude that HACD1 and HACD2 exhibit redundant activities in a wide range of FA elongation pathways, including those for saturated to polyunsaturated FAs, with HACD2 being the major 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydratase. Our findings are important for furthering the understanding of the molecular mechanisms in FA elongation and diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Sawai
- From the Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812 and
| | - Yukiko Uchida
- From the Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812 and
| | - Yusuke Ohno
- From the Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812 and
| | - Masatoshi Miyamoto
- From the Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812 and
| | - Chieko Nishioka
- the RIKEN Brain Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako 351-0198, Japan
| | | | - Takayuki Sassa
- From the Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812 and
| | - Akio Kihara
- From the Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812 and
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50
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Takeichi T, Torrelo A, Lee JYW, Ohno Y, Lozano ML, Kihara A, Liu L, Yasuda Y, Ishikawa J, Murase T, Rodrigo AB, Fernández-Crehuet P, Toi Y, Mellerio J, Rivera J, Vicente V, Kelsell DP, Nishimura Y, Okuno Y, Kojima D, Ogawa Y, Sugiura K, Simpson MA, McLean WHI, Akiyama M, McGrath JA. Biallelic Mutations in KDSR Disrupt Ceramide Synthesis and Result in a Spectrum of Keratinization Disorders Associated with Thrombocytopenia. J Invest Dermatol 2017; 137:2344-2353. [PMID: 28774589 PMCID: PMC5646945 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2017] [Revised: 06/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in ceramide biosynthesis pathways have been implicated in a few Mendelian disorders of keratinization, although ceramides are known to have key roles in several biological processes in skin and other tissues. Using whole-exome sequencing in four probands with undiagnosed skin hyperkeratosis/ichthyosis, we identified compound heterozygosity for mutations in KDSR, encoding an enzyme in the de novo synthesis pathway of ceramides. Two individuals had hyperkeratosis confined to palms, soles, and anogenital skin, whereas the other two had more severe, generalized harlequin ichthyosis-like skin. Thrombocytopenia was present in all patients. The mutations in KDSR were associated with reduced ceramide levels in skin and impaired platelet function. KDSR enzymatic activity was variably reduced in all patients, resulting in defective acylceramide synthesis. Mutations in KDSR have recently been reported in inherited recessive forms of progressive symmetric erythrokeratoderma, but our study shows that biallelic mutations in KDSR are implicated in an extended spectrum of disorders of keratinization in which thrombocytopenia is also part of the phenotype. Mutations in KDSR cause defective ceramide biosynthesis, underscoring the importance of ceramide and sphingosine synthesis pathways in skin and platelet biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Takeichi
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London (Guy's Campus), London, UK; Department of Dermatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Antonio Torrelo
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Infantil del Niño Jesús, Madrid, Spain
| | - John Y W Lee
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London (Guy's Campus), London, UK
| | - Yusuke Ohno
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - María Luisa Lozano
- Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Servicio de Hematología y Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, IMIB-Arrixaca, Universidad de Murcia, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Akio Kihara
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Lu Liu
- Viapath, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - Yuka Yasuda
- Analytical Science Research Laboratories, Kao Corporation, Haga, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Junko Ishikawa
- Biological Science Research Laboratories, Kao Corporation, Haga, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Takatoshi Murase
- Biological Science Research Laboratories, Kao Corporation, Haga, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Ana Belén Rodrigo
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Sierra de Segura, Puente de Génave, Jaén, Spain
| | | | - Yoichiro Toi
- Department of Dermatology, Hiroshima City Hiroshima Citizens Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Jemima Mellerio
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London (Guy's Campus), London, UK; Department of Dermatology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - José Rivera
- Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Servicio de Hematología y Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, IMIB-Arrixaca, Universidad de Murcia, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vicente Vicente
- Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Servicio de Hematología y Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, IMIB-Arrixaca, Universidad de Murcia, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - David P Kelsell
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Barts, London, UK; London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Whitechapel, London, UK
| | - Yutaka Nishimura
- Department of General Perinatology, Hiroshima City Hiroshima Citizens Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yusuke Okuno
- Center for Advanced Medicine and Clinical Research, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Daiei Kojima
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yasushi Ogawa
- Department of Dermatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kazumitsu Sugiura
- Department of Dermatology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Michael A Simpson
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, School of Medicine, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - W H Irwin McLean
- Centre for Dermatology and Genetic Medicine, Division of Molecular Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Masashi Akiyama
- Department of Dermatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - John A McGrath
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London (Guy's Campus), London, UK; Centre for Dermatology and Genetic Medicine, Division of Molecular Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK.
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