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Chromosome 3p Inverted Duplication with Terminal Deletion: Second Postnatal Case Report with Additional Clinical Features. Case Rep Genet 2019; 2019:5384295. [PMID: 31428485 PMCID: PMC6683815 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5384295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Distal deletions and duplications of 3p are individually well-characterized chromosome abnormalities. Here, we report an inverted duplication of 3p with an adjacent terminal 3p deletion in a 17-month-old girl who had prenatal intrauterine growth restriction and cardiac defects. Other findings included hemangiomas, neutropenia, umbilical hernia, hypotonia, gross motor delay, microcephaly, and ptosis. Family history was noncontributory. Microarray analysis revealed a 5.37 Mb deletion of chromosome bands 3p26.1 to 3p26.3 and a 13.68 Mb duplication of 3p24.3 to 3p26.1. FISH analysis confirmed that the duplication was inverted. Upon literature review, only one postnatal patient and one second trimester pregnancy have been reported with this finding. Many of our patient's features are present in both 3p deletion and 3p duplication syndromes, including congenital heart disease, growth restriction, microcephaly, hypotonia, and developmental delay. Our patient has additional features not commonly reported in 3p deletion or duplication patients, such as aortic dilation, hemangiomas, and neutropenia. The identification of this patient contributes to additional understanding of features associated with concurrent deletion and inverted duplication in the distal 3p chromosome. This report may assist clinicians working with patients who have constellations of similar features or similar cytogenomic abnormalities.
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2
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Urreizti R, Grinberg D, Balcells S. C syndrome - what do we know and what could the future hold? Expert Opin Orphan Drugs 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/21678707.2019.1589448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roser Urreizti
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, IBUB, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Grinberg
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, IBUB, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susanna Balcells
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, IBUB, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain
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3
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Shawky RM, Gamal R. C syndrome with skeletal anomalies, mental retardation, eyelid chalazion, Bitot’s spots and agenesis of the corpus callosum in an Egyptian child. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmhg.2016.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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4
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Toriello HV, Colley C, Bamshad M. Update on the Toriello-Carey syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2016; 170:2551-8. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.37735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Helga V. Toriello
- Medical Genetics; Spectrum Health Hospital; Michigan State University; Grand Rapids Michigan
- College of Human Medicine; Michigan State University; Grand Rapids Michigan
| | - Chelsey Colley
- College of Human Medicine; Michigan State University; Grand Rapids Michigan
| | - Michael Bamshad
- Division of Medical Genetics; University of Washington; Seattle Washington
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5
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Opitz C syndrome: Trigonocephaly, mental retardation and craniofacial dysmorphism. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmhg.2015.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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6
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Russell B, Johnston JJ, Biesecker LG, Kramer N, Pickart A, Rhead W, Tan WH, Brownstein CA, Kate Clarkson L, Dobson A, Rosenberg AZ, Vergano SAS, Helm BM, Harrison RE, Graham JM. Clinical management of patients with ASXL1 mutations and Bohring-Opitz syndrome, emphasizing the need for Wilms tumor surveillance. Am J Med Genet A 2015; 167A:2122-31. [PMID: 25921057 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.37131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Bohring-Opitz syndrome is a rare genetic condition characterized by distinctive facial features, variable microcephaly, hypertrichosis, nevus flammeus, severe myopia, unusual posture (flexion at the elbows with ulnar deviation, and flexion of the wrists and metacarpophalangeal joints), severe intellectual disability, and feeding issues. Nine patients with Bohring-Opitz syndrome have been identified as having a mutation in ASXL1. We report on eight previously unpublished patients with Bohring-Opitz syndrome caused by an apparent or confirmed de novo mutation in ASXL1. Of note, two patients developed bilateral Wilms tumors. Somatic mutations in ASXL1 are associated with myeloid malignancies, and these reports emphasize the need for Wilms tumor screening in patients with ASXL1 mutations. We discuss clinical management with a focus on their feeding issues, cyclic vomiting, respiratory infections, insomnia, and tumor predisposition. Many patients are noted to have distinctive personalities (interactive, happy, and curious) and rapid hair growth; features not previously reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Russell
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Jennifer J Johnston
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Leslie G Biesecker
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Nancy Kramer
- Medical Genetics Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Division of Medical Genetics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Angela Pickart
- Section of Medical Genetics, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - William Rhead
- Section of Medical Genetics, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Wen-Hann Tan
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Amy Dobson
- Greenwood Genetic Center, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Avi Z Rosenberg
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Samantha A Schrier Vergano
- Division of Medical Genetics and Metabolism, Children's Hospital of The King's Daughters, Norfolk, Virginia
| | - Benjamin M Helm
- Division of Medical Genetics and Metabolism, Children's Hospital of The King's Daughters, Norfolk, Virginia
| | - Rachel E Harrison
- Clinical Genetics Service, Nottingham University Hospitals Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - John M Graham
- Medical Genetics Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Division of Medical Genetics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
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7
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Trigonocephaly and Dandy walker variant in an Egyptian child – Probable mild Opitz trigonocephaly C syndrome. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmhg.2011.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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8
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Bohring-Opitz (Oberklaid-Danks) syndrome: clinical study, review of the literature, and discussion of possible pathogenesis. Eur J Hum Genet 2011; 19:513-9. [PMID: 21368916 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2010.234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Bohring-Opitz syndrome (BOS) is a rare congenital disorder of unknown etiology diagnosed on the basis of distinctive clinical features. We suggest diagnostic criteria for this condition, describe ten previously unreported patients, and update the natural history of four previously reported patients. This is the largest series reported to date, providing a unique opportunity to document the key clinical features and course through childhood. Investigations undertaken to try and elucidate the underlying pathogenesis of BOS using array comparative genomic hybridization and tandem mass spectrometry of cholesterol precursors did not show any pathogenic changes responsible.
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Kaname T, Yanagi K, Chinen Y, Makita Y, Okamoto N, Maehara H, Owan I, Kanaya F, Kubota Y, Oike Y, Yamamoto T, Kurosawa K, Fukushima Y, Bohring A, Opitz JM, Yoshiura KI, Niikawa N, Naritomi K. Mutations in CD96, a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily, cause a form of the C (Opitz trigonocephaly) syndrome. Am J Hum Genet 2007; 81:835-41. [PMID: 17847009 PMCID: PMC2227933 DOI: 10.1086/522014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2007] [Accepted: 06/14/2007] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The C syndrome is characterized by trigonocephaly and associated anomalies, such as unusual facies, psychomotor retardation, redundant skin, joint and limb abnormalities, and visceral anomalies. In an individual with the C syndrome who harbors a balanced chromosomal translocation, t(3;18)(q13.13;q12.1), we discovered that the TACTILE gene for CD96, a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily, was disrupted at the 3q13.3 breakpoint. In mutation analysis of nine karyotypically normal patients given diagnoses of the C or C-like syndrome, we identified a missense mutation (839C-->T, T280M) in exon 6 of the CD96 gene in one patient with the C-like syndrome. The missense mutation was not found among 420 unaffected Japanese individuals. Cells with mutated CD96 protein (T280M) lost adhesion and growth activities in vitro. These findings indicate that CD96 mutations may cause a form of the C syndrome by interfering with cell adhesion and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Kaname
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of the Ryukyus Faculty of Medicine, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan.
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Simpson ARH, Gibbon CEA, Quinn AG, Turnpenny PD. Infantile high myopia in Bohring-Opitz syndrome. J AAPOS 2007; 11:524-5. [PMID: 17498985 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaapos.2007.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2006] [Revised: 03/17/2007] [Accepted: 03/19/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Bohring-Opitz syndrome is a rare genetic condition of uncertain inheritance. It was first delineated by Bohring and coworkers in 1999 and up to 15 possible cases have been reported. It has both ophthalmic and systemic features and represents a unique syndrome considered to be distinct from Opitz C trigonocephaly syndrome. The classic features of Bohring-Opitz syndrome include prominent metopic suture, exophthalmos, hypertelorism, cleft lip and palate, flexion deformities of the upper limbs, nevi flammei, and significant neurodevelopmental delay. We report a child with Bohring-Opitz syndrome and infantile high myopia. Bohring's original description of the phenotype did not include myopia but since then both this case and two others have reported this association. The presence of high myopia may be helpful in identifying suitable candidate genes and elucidating the genetic mechanism, as well as alerting ophthalmologists to the importance of refraction for affected children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R H Simpson
- The Peninsula Medical School, Universities of Exeter and Plymouth, Exeter, Devon, UK.
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Bisgaard AM, Kirchhoff M, Nielsen JE, Brandt C, Hove H, Jepsen B, Jensen T, Ullmann R, Skovby F. Transmitted cytogenetic abnormalities in patients with mental retardation: Pathogenic or normal variants? Eur J Med Genet 2007; 50:243-55. [PMID: 17531565 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2007.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2007] [Accepted: 03/15/2007] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Knowing the origin of cytogenetic abnormalities detected in individuals with mental retardation and dysmorphic features is essential to genetic counselling of affected families. To illustrate this, we report on six families with transmitted cytogenetic abnormalities and discuss the genotype-phenotype correlations, including the possibility of the abnormalities being normal genomic variants. The abnormalities were detected using metaphase HR-CGH; their size was estimated to range from 1.6 to 7.5 Mb using tiling path array-CGH and real-time PCR. The abnormalities were transmitted through two to four generations and included interstitial deletions of 1p31.3-p32.1, 2q13, 10q11.21-q11.23, and 13q31.1; a duplication of 1p34.1-p34.2; and in one family both a deletion of 18q21.1 and a duplication of 4q35.1-q35.2. The probands were mentally retarded and had nonspecific dysmorphic features except for one patient with the Bohring-Opitz syndrome. We considered the abnormalities in two families to be clinically significant: In one family, the proband's brain abnormality was comparable to previously reported abnormalities in individuals with a similar duplication of 1p31-p32. Congenital heart disease was previously mapped to the chromosomal region of 18q that was affected in the proband of another family. The carrier parents in both families had mild clinical features. In two families the abnormalities were considered as coincidental findings, and in two further families the abnormalities were insufficient to explain the phenotypes of the probands but possibly were related to a milder phenotype in other family members. These cases illustrate the need for careful assessment of the extended family in order to interpret the phenotypic consequences of abnormalities identified using array-CGH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Marie Bisgaard
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Rigshospitalet 4062, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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12
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Chen CP. Syndromes and Disorders Associated with Omphalocele (III): Single Gene Disorders, Neural Tube Defects, Diaphragmatic Defects and Others. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2007; 46:111-20. [PMID: 17638618 DOI: 10.1016/s1028-4559(07)60004-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Omphalocele can be associated with single gene disorders, neural tube defects, diaphragmatic defects, fetal valproate syndrome, and syndromes of unknown etiology. This article provides a comprehensive review of omphalocele-related disorders: otopalatodigital syndrome type II; Melnick-Needles syndrome; Rieger syndrome; neural tube defects; Meckel syndrome; Shprintzen-Goldberg omphalocele syndrome; lethal omphalocele-cleft palate syndrome; cerebro-costo-mandibular syndrome; fetal valproate syndrome; Marshall-Smith syndrome; fibrochondrogenesis; hydrolethalus syndrome; Fryns syndrome; omphalocele, diaphragmatic defects, radial anomalies and various internal malformations; diaphragmatic defects, limb deficiencies and ossification defects of skull; Donnai-Barrow syndrome; CHARGE syndrome; Goltz syndrome; Carpenter syndrome; Toriello-Carey syndrome; familial omphalocele; Cornelia de Lange syndrome; C syndrome; Elejalde syndrome; Malpuech syndrome; cervical ribs, Sprengel anomaly, anal atresia and urethral obstruction; hydrocephalus with associated malformations; Kennerknecht syndrome; lymphedema, atrial septal defect and facial changes; and craniosynostosismental retardation syndrome of Lin and Gettig. Perinatal identification of omphalocele should alert one to the possibility of omphalocele-related disorders and familial inheritance and prompt a thorough genetic counseling for these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Ping Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Felix JF, Tibboel D, de Klein A. Chromosomal anomalies in the aetiology of oesophageal atresia and tracheo-oesophageal fistula. Eur J Med Genet 2007; 50:163-75. [PMID: 17336605 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2006.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2006] [Accepted: 12/15/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Oesophageal atresia (OA) and tracheo-oesophageal fistula (TOF) are severe congenital anomalies of which the aetiology is largely unknown. Several chromosomal anomalies have been described in patients presenting with these anatomical malformations, but until now none of these has led to the identification of a single aetiological factor. This paper reviews the chromosomal abnormalities reported in cases of OA/TOF and serves as a starting point to identify chromosomal regions harbouring genes involved in the aetiology of OA/TOF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine F Felix
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Chinen Y, Kaname T, Yanagi K, Saito N, Naritomi K, Ohta T. Opitz trigonocephaly C syndrome in a boy with a de novo balanced reciprocal translocation t(3;18)(q13.13;q12.1). Am J Med Genet A 2007; 140:1655-7. [PMID: 16835930 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.31341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Opitz trigonocephaly C syndrome (OTCS) is a multiple congenital anomaly syndrome characterized by trigonocephaly, mental retardation, a typical facial appearance, redundant skin, joint and limb abnormalities, and visceral anomalies. We describe a patient with the manifestations of OTCS who also had a de novo balanced reciprocal translocation t(3;18)(q13.13q12.1). His phenotype is a mild form with mild developmental delay and no severe visceral anomalies. Our findings suggest the possible existence of a new locus responsible for OTCS either on 3q13.13 or 18q12.1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasutsugu Chinen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of the Ryukyus School of Medicine, Okinawa, Japan.
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Erickson RP. A new chromosome anomaly in a patient with apparent C (trigonocephaly) syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2007; 143A:214-5. [PMID: 17163545 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.31589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert P Erickson
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Medical and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.
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Bohring A, Oudesluijs GG, Grange DK, Zampino G, Thierry P. New cases of Bohring–Opitz syndrome, update, and critical review of the literature. Am J Med Genet A 2006; 140:1257-63. [PMID: 16691589 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.31265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We report on four additional unrelated cases of Bohring-Opitz syndrome with the highly characteristic phenotype of facial anomalies including bulging forehead over the metopic suture, frontal nevus flammeus, exophthalmos, hypertelorism, upslanting palpebral fissures, and cleft lip and/or palate, as well as flexion deformities of the upper limbs, multiple other anomalies, and severe failure to thrive. We also update the clinical outcome of the patients reported in the original article by Bohring et al. [Am J Med Genet 85:438-446] and critically review the subsequently published cases considered to have Bohring-Opitz syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Bohring
- Institut für Humangenetik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany.
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Czakó M, Riegel M, Morava E, Bajnóczky K, Kosztolányi G. Opitz “C” trigonocephaly-like syndrome in a patient with terminal deletion of 2p and partial duplication of 17q. Am J Med Genet A 2004; 131:310-2. [PMID: 15540175 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.30249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A boy with trigonocephaly, cleft palate, multiple minor anomalies, flexion deformities of elbows, cryptorchidism, and severe muscular hypotonia had an unbalanced karyotype with duplication of the distal 17q and deletion of the tip of 2p. This was derived from a reciprocal translocation in the father, 46,XY,t(2;17)(p25;q24). The propositus had some findings observed in patients with distal dup(17q), while trigonocephaly not found in these patients may be associated with the terminal deletion of 2p including the locus of SOX11 gene. It is proposed that the major clinical findings of this patient are consistent with the phenotype characteristic of the Opitz "C" trigonocephaly syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márta Czakó
- MTA-PTE Clinical Genetics Research Group, Pécs, Hungary
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Azimi C, Kennedy SJ, Chitayat D, Chakraborty P, Clarke JTR, Forrest C, Teebi AS. Clinical and genetic aspects of trigonocephaly: a study of 25 cases. Am J Med Genet A 2003; 117A:127-35. [PMID: 12567409 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.10021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We reviewed 25 patients ascertained through the finding of trigonocephaly/metopic synostosis as a prominent manifestation. In 16 patients, trigonocephaly/metopic synostosis was the only significant finding (64%); 2 patients had metopic/sagittal synostosis (8%) and in 7 patients the trigonocephaly was part of a syndrome (28%). Among the nonsyndromic cases, 12 were males and 6 were females and the sex ratio was 2 M:1 F. Only one patient with isolated trigonocephaly had an affected parent (5.6%). All nonsyndromic patients had normal psychomotor development. In 2 patients with isolated metopic/sagittal synostosis, FGFR2 and FGFR3 mutations were studied and none were detected. Among the syndromic cases, two had Jacobsen syndrome associated with deletion of chromosome 11q 23 (28.5%). Of the remaining five syndromic cases, different conditions were found including Say-Meyer syndrome, multiple congenital anomalies and bilateral retinoblastoma with no detectable deletion in chromosome 13q14.2 by G-banding chromosomal analysis and FISH, I-cell disease, a new acrocraniofacial dysostosis syndrome, and Opitz C trigonocephaly syndrome. The last two patients were studied for cryptic chromosomal rearrangements, with SKY and subtelomeric FISH probes. Also FGFR2 and FGFR3 mutations were studied in two syndromic cases, but none were found. This study demonstrates that the majority of cases with nonsyndromic trigonocephaly are sporadic and benign, apart from the associated cosmetic implications. Syndromic trigonocephaly cases are causally heterogeneous and associated with chromosomal as well as single gene disorders. An investigation to delineate the underlying cause of trigonocephaly is indicated because of its important implications on medical management for the patient and the reproductive plans for the family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyrus Azimi
- Division of Clinical & Metabolic Genetics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Greenhalgh KL, Newbury-Ecob RA, Lunt PW, Dolling CL, Hargreaves H, Smithson SF. Siblings with Bohring-Opitz syndrome. Clin Dysmorphol 2003; 12:15-9. [PMID: 12514360 DOI: 10.1097/00019605-200301000-00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We describe a brother and sister with Bohring-Opitz syndrome and suggest that autosomal recessive inheritance may occur in this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Greenhalgh
- Department of Clinical Genetics, St Michael's Hospital, Southwell Street, Bristol BS2 8EG, UK
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Chen CP, Tzen CY, Chang TY, Lin CJ, Wang W, Lee CC, Town DD, Chen LF, Lee MS. Prenatal diagnosis of partial trisomy 3p and partial monosomy 11q in a fetus with a Dandy-Walker variant and trigonocephaly. Prenat Diagn 2002; 22:1112-3. [PMID: 12454968 DOI: 10.1002/pd.471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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