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Le QT, Vilar R, Bertrand C. Influence of external cooling on the femtosecond laser ablation of dentin. Lasers Med Sci 2017; 32:1943-1951. [PMID: 28695365 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-017-2277-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In the present work, the influence of external cooling on the temperature rise in the tooth pulpal chamber during femtosecond laser ablation was investigated. The influence of the cooling method on the morphology and constitution of the laser-treated surfaces was studied as well. The ablation experiments were performed on dentin specimens using an Yb:KYW chirped-pulse-regenerative amplification laser system (560 fs, 1030 nm). Cavities were created by scanning the specimens at a velocity of 5 mm/s while pulsing the stationary laser beam at 1 kHz and with fluences in the range of 2-14 J/cm2. The experiments were performed in air and with surface cooling by a lateral air jet and by a combination of an air jet and water irrigation. The temperature in the pulpal chamber of the tooth was measured during the laser experiments. The ablation surfaces were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The temperature rise reached 17.5 °C for the treatments performed with 14 J/cm2 and without cooling, which was reduced to 10.8 ± 1.0 and 6.6 ± 2.3 °C with forced air cooling and water cooling, respectively, without significant reduction of the ablation rate. The ablation surfaces were covered by ablation debris and resolidified droplets containing mainly amorphous calcium phosphate, but the amount of redeposited debris was much lower for the water-cooled specimens. The redeposited debris could be removed by ultrasonication, revealing that the structure and constitution of the tissue remained essentially unaltered. The present results show that water cooling is mandatory for the femtosecond laser treatment of dentin, in particular, when high fluences and high pulse repetition rates are used to achieve high material removal rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q T Le
- Instituto Superior Técnico and CeFEMA-Center of Physics and Engineering of Advanced Materials, Lisbon University, Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal. .,Laboratoire ICMCB-CNRS-UPR9048, 87, Avenue du Dr Albert Schweitzer, 33608, PESSAC Cedex, France.
| | - R Vilar
- Instituto Superior Técnico and CeFEMA-Center of Physics and Engineering of Advanced Materials, Lisbon University, Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - C Bertrand
- Laboratoire ICMCB-CNRS-UPR9048, 87, Avenue du Dr Albert Schweitzer, 33608, PESSAC Cedex, France
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Chow RT, Armati PJ. Photobiomodulation: Implications for Anesthesia and Pain Relief. Photomed Laser Surg 2016; 34:599-609. [DOI: 10.1089/pho.2015.4048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Roberta T. Chow
- Honorary Research Associate, Brain & Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales
| | - Patricia J. Armati
- Neuroinflammation Group, Brain & Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
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Lewis JR, Tsugawa AJ, Reiter AM. Use of CO2 Laser as an Adjunctive Treatment for Caudal Stomatitis in a Cat. J Vet Dent 2016; 24:240-9. [DOI: 10.1177/089875640702400406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Lasers have become a popular tool in veterinary practice, particularly the carbon dioxide (CO2) laser. In humans, the CO2 laser is used most commonly in oral and maxillofacial soft tissue surgery due to its favorable interactions with oral soft tissues. Other types of lasers are better suited for use on hard tissues such as enamel and dentin. This article reviews the history of laser use, physics of laser-tissue interaction, delivery systems, and laser types used in dentistry and oral surgery. This is followed by a case report describing the use of CO2 laser as an adjunctive treatment for therapy of refractory caudal stomatitis in a cat.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R. Lewis
- From the Matthew J. Ryan Veterinary Hospital, University of Pennsylvania, 3900 Delancey Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6010. Dr. Tsugawa's current address is California Animal Hospital, Veterinary Specialty Group, 1736 S. Sepulveda Blvd., Los Angeles, CA. 90025
| | - Anson J. Tsugawa
- From the Matthew J. Ryan Veterinary Hospital, University of Pennsylvania, 3900 Delancey Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6010. Dr. Tsugawa's current address is California Animal Hospital, Veterinary Specialty Group, 1736 S. Sepulveda Blvd., Los Angeles, CA. 90025
| | - Alexander M. Reiter
- From the Matthew J. Ryan Veterinary Hospital, University of Pennsylvania, 3900 Delancey Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6010. Dr. Tsugawa's current address is California Animal Hospital, Veterinary Specialty Group, 1736 S. Sepulveda Blvd., Los Angeles, CA. 90025
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Chan A, Punnia-Moorthy A, Armati P. Low-power pulsed Nd:YAG laser irradiation for pre-emptive anaesthesia: A morphological and histological study. Laser Ther 2015; 23:255-62. [PMID: 25705081 DOI: 10.5978/islsm.14-or-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS To determine if tooth structure or dental pulp of normal healthy human premolar teeth to be extracted for orthodontic reasons exhibit morphological or histological changes following dental anaesthesia by pulsed Nd:YAG laser and subsequent cavity preparation (CP). Materials (Subjects) and Methods: 54 bilateral paired of human, healthy premolar teeth identified for inclusion in a clinical trial of Nd:YAG-induced anaesthesia and subsequently extracted for orthodontic reasons, were randomly divided into 4 treatment groups: Group 1 - teeth (n=44) were irradiated with 150 µs pulsed Nd:YAG laser-1064 nm (American Dental Laser, dLase300, Sunrise Technologies Inc., Folsom, CA, USA; Average power: 1.1 ± 0.2 W, power density: 39+ 0.7 W/cm(2), area 0.28 cm(2), 15 Hz; energy density:0. 260+ 0.047 J/cm(2)) +Sham EMLA (cream without active component) followed by cavity preparation (CP); Group 2 - Teeth (n=44) - were treated with EMLA + Sham Laser (1 mW 632.8-nm He:Ne laser aiming beam only) with CP; Group 3 Teeth (n=10) - were irradiated with pulsed Nd:YAG laser as above but minus CP; Group 4 (n=10)- was a Control group with teeth untreated (no Laser, EMLA or CP). Clinical anaesthesia was assessed by electric pulp testing (EPT) and CP. Teeth in each of the 4 groups were processed for examination by i) scanning electron microscopy (SEM); ii) longitudinal undecalcified ground sectioning (LUGS); iii) light microscopy of pulpal tissues or iv) dye penetration. RESULTS Both Laser and EMLA groups demonstrated no alteration to mineralized tooth structure and dentinal permeability. Mild superficial pulpal changes were found in both groups (3/18 teeth) and of no statistical difference (p>0.99, the McNemar test). Neither Laser nor the Control groups minus CP, showed pulpal changes. CONCLUSIONS Low-power pulsed Nd:YAG laser dose, as used in the clinical trial to induce anaesthesia, does not cause morphological damage to the mineralized tooth structure. Both Laser and EMLA groups showed minor superficial pulpal change following cavity preparation which was not statistically significant. Laser and Control groups minus preparation had no pulpal changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambrose Chan
- Brain & Mind Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Patricia Armati
- Brain & Mind Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Beldüz N, Yilmaz Y, Özbek E, Kalkan Y, Demirci T. The Effect of Neodymium-Doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet Laser Irradiation on Rabbit Dental Pulp Tissue. Photomed Laser Surg 2010; 28:747-50. [DOI: 10.1089/pho.2009.2702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nihal Beldüz
- Department of Pedodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Yücel Yilmaz
- Department of Pedodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Elvan Özbek
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Yıldıray Kalkan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Tuba Demirci
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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Birang R, Kaviani N, Mohammadpour M, Abed AM, Gutknecht N, Mir M. Evaluation of Nd:YAG laser on partial oxygen saturation of pulpal blood in anterior hypersensitive teeth. Lasers Med Sci 2007; 23:291-4. [PMID: 17641927 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-007-0481-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2007] [Accepted: 05/30/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Dentine hypersensitivity has of long been known to be a common clinical problem in dental practices. Lasers have recently come to play a prominent role in the treatment of this disorder. They might, however, cause dental pulp damage. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Nd:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (YAG) laser on partial oxygen saturation of pulpal blood in sensitive anterior teeth. In this clinical trial, 65 hypersensitive teeth were selected and randomly allocated to two groups. The study group involved Nd:YAG laser treatment, while no treatment was employed for the control group. Using a pulse oximetry system, evaluations were preformed of the partial oxygen saturation in the pulpal blood before, immediately after, 1 week after, and 1 month after the treatment. The results were analyzed using the SPSS software and repeated-measures analysis of variance and paired-samples t tests. The mean partial oxygen saturation of the blood was found to be 85.4% in the study group, which was not significantly different from that of the control group. No significant differences were observed in the control group between the means obtained from pretreatment and post-treatment intervals (P > 0.05). The Post-treatment partial oxygen saturation mean rose to 89.3% (P = 0.001) and remained constant throughout the following week after it. However, no significant differences were found between the pretreatment partial oxygen saturation mean and the same measurement 1 month after treatment (P = 0.702). Nd:YAG laser therapy for dentine desensitization of anterior teeth caused no persistent changes in the partial oxygen saturation of pulpal blood. It may, therefore, be concluded that the diffusion of heat induced by the Nd:YAG laser into the pulp within the limit of the desensitization parameters cause no irreversible damages in the dental pulp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Birang
- Department of Periodontics, Isfahan Dental School, Isfahan, Iran
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Kaneko M, Sunakawa M, Matsui Y, Suda H. Responsiveness Changes of Tooth Pulp-Driven Neurons in Thalamic Ventral Posteromedial and Mediodorsal Nuclei Following Experimental Pulpitis and Naloxone Administration in Rats. J Oral Biosci 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/s1349-0079(05)80021-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Coluzzi DJ. LASERS IN DENTISTRY. J Am Dent Assoc 2004; 135:698, 700, 702; author reply 702, 704, 706. [PMID: 15270145 DOI: 10.14219/jada.archive.2004.0266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND During the last two decades, much has been written in both the scientific literature and the popular press about lasers and their use in the dental office. Both soft- and hard-tissue applications have been discussed, including frenectomy, gingival contouring, caries removal and bleaching. OVERVIEW Almost one-third of patients surveyed by the American Dental Association in the late 1990s thought it was very important that their dentists have lasers, which could put pressure on dentists to invest in this tool to attract patients. The authors describe the different types of dental lasers and examine the science behind their applications in dentistry. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Although lasers do have legitimate uses in dentistry, they do not take the place of any of the more conventional tools in the dentist's armamentarium. Before investing in a laser, dentists should fully understand the differences between the various types, including what the scientific literature says about their applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas N Dederich
- Department of Periodontics, Louisiana State University School of Dentistry, New Orleans 70119-2799, USA.
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Reiter AM, Mendoza KA. Feline odontoclastic resorptive lesions an unsolved enigma in veterinary dentistry. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2002; 32:791-837, v. [PMID: 12148312 DOI: 10.1016/s0195-5616(02)00027-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This article presents a comprehensive review of the literature on feline odontoclastic resorptive lesions (FORLs), including etiopathogenesis, prevalence and predisposition, classification, histopathologic appearance, diagnosis, and treatment. Approximately one-third of all domestic cats may develop FORLs during their life span, and the risk of developing FORLs increases with age. Sophisticated dental treatments promise neither cure nor permanent improvement of affected teeth. Extraction is the current treatment of choice. Research on the etiology of FORLs has not been rewarding in recent years, and the causative factors contributing to the development of FORLs are still unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M Reiter
- Department of Clinical Studies, Veterinary Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 3900 Delancey Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6010, USA.
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