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Xu Y, McKenna RW, Kroft SH. Assessment of CD10 in the diagnosis of small B-cell lymphomas: a multiparameter flow cytometric study. Am J Clin Pathol 2002; 117:291-300. [PMID: 11863226 DOI: 10.1309/t88x-71u4-wc0r-2531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the usefulness of multiparameter flow cytometry with cluster analysis in the diagnosis of a series of 100 well-characterized small B-cell lymphomas (SBCLs). The histologic diagnoses in the 100 cases were follicular lymphoma (FL) in 58, marginal zone lymphoma (MZL) in 17, small lymphocytic lymphoma in 15, and mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) in 10. Of the 58 FLs, 57 were CD10 positive (98% sensitivity). The 1 negative case was unusual in that it occurred in the small intestine. However; architectural, cytologic, and immunohistochemicalfeatures were diagnostic of FL. Of 42 other SBCLs, 2 were CD10+ (95% specificity); 1 was a CD5+/cyclin D1 + MCL, and the other was an extranodal MZL. We found that assessment of CD10 expression using multiparameter flow cytometry with cluster analysis is highly sensitive and specific for the diagnosis of FL, validating its usefulness in situations in which adequate tissue is not available for definitive histologic diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Xu
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas 75390-9073, USA
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2
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Abstract
Cyclin D1, the regulatory subunit of certain protein kinases thought to advance the G1 phase of the cell cycle, is now established as a proto-oncogene, with evidence indicating that its derangement may contribute to the uncontrolled cell growth characteristic of tumors. The chromosomal translocation t(11;14)(q13:q32), involving rearrangement of the BCL-1 locus, is closely associated with human lymphoid neoplasia affecting mantle cell lymphomas (MCL). Recently, the putative BCL-1 proto-oncogene turned out to be none other than the cyclin D1 gene. Although the observed break points in the BCL-1 locus are not tightly clustered, its rearrangement has been documented in 40-70% of cases of mantle cell lymphoma, whereas it only rarely occurs in other B cell lymphomas. Of note, all of the known break points leave the cyclin D1 coding region structurally intact and result in increased protein expression, implying that this may provide a highly sensitive and specific marker for MCL. Recent studies demonstrated that immunohistochemical detection in paraffin-embedded material, using a monoclonal antibody, is very useful for routine diagnosis. Current knowledge of cyclin D1 overexpression in malignant lymphomas, with emphasis on its clinicopathologic significance, is reviewed.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 14
- Cyclin D1
- Cyclins/genetics
- Cyclins/metabolism
- Humans
- Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/genetics
- Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/metabolism
- Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/mortality
- Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/pathology
- Middle Aged
- Oncogene Proteins/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Mas
- Survival Rate
- Translocation, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nakamura
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Laboratories, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
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Loyson SA, de Boer CJ, Schuuring E, Kluin PM, van Krieken JH. Mantle cell lymphoma. A morphological, immunohistochemical and molecular genetic study. Pathol Res Pract 1996; 192:781-9. [PMID: 8897513 DOI: 10.1016/s0344-0338(96)80051-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
In order to identify helpful markers in the classification of mantle cell lymphoma, a morphological, immunohistochemical and molecular genetic analysis of 41 cases of NHL, originally referred to us as CC, ILL or IDL, was performed. We revised these lymphomas using the strict morphological criteria described in the updated Kiel classification and the more recently described criteria for MCL. The term MCL was used to designate the small lymphocytic B-cell NHL, previously referred to as CC or ILL/ IDL. This revision yielded 20 MCL, 8 CLL, 3 Cb/Cc, 1 CB, 6 IC and 3 MALT lymphomas. The presence of scattered histiocytes was seen in 90% of MCL and 5% of the other cases. No other morphological parameter, besides the used criteria, differentiated between MCL and similar small lymphocytic B cell lymphomas. Helpful immunohistochemical markers to distinguish MCL from similar small lymphocytic lymphomas were CD5+, CD10-, CD23- and Alkaline Phosphatase+. Large fields of dendritic reticulum cells, often in a loose and disrupted arrangement were seen in 82% of MCL and in 19% of the other lymphomas. Analysis with Southern blotting showed a rearrangement in the BCL-1 locus in 12/20 cases of MCL but not in the other 21 lymphomas. Although very specific for MCL, Southern blotting to detect BCL-1 rearrangements is, due to the large number of probes necessary, not of great help in daily practice for routine diagnostic purposes. We conclude that using strict morphological criteria, the diagnosis MCL can be made reliably and that immunophenotyping is helpful in supporting the diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Loyson
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Leiden, The Netherlands
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5
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Abstract
During the last ten years the combined efforts of pathologists and molecular biologists have helped define several new lymphoma diagnostic categories. In particular, the recognition of chromosomal translocations which have activated the BCL1 and BCL2 proto-oncogenes have strong associations with specific types of non-Hodgkin's malignant lymphomas such as mantle cell lymphoma and follicular center cell lymphoma, respectively. This review will attempt to summarize our current understanding regarding the contributions of BCL1 and BCL2 to lymphomagenesis and diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ratech
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx NY 10467, USA
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Hernandez AM, Nathwani BN, Nguyen D, Shibata D, Chuan W, Nichols P, Taylor CR. Nodal benign and malignant monocytoid B cells with and without follicular lymphomas: a comparative study of follicular colonization, light chain restriction, bcl-2, and t(14;18) in 39 cases. Hum Pathol 1995; 26:625-32. [PMID: 7774892 DOI: 10.1016/0046-8177(95)90167-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
As part of an effort to develop a better understanding of the relationship between nodal monocytoid B-cell lymphomas (MBCLs) and follicular lymphomas (FLs) when they coexist (MBCL + FL) and to assess the validity of the morphological criteria for the latter diagnosis, we evaluated follicular colonization, bcl-2 reactivity, light chain restriction, and the presence of t(14;18) in 14 benign lymph node specimens containing benign monoclonal B cells (MBCs), in eight nodal specimens of pure MBCL, and in 17 nodal specimens of MBCL coexisting with FL (MBCL + FL). Follicular colonization by malignant MBCs was observed in six specimens of pure MBCL and in 13 specimens of MBCL + FL. Benign MBCs did not express bcl-2 by immunohistological methods in 11 of 12 benign specimens. In contrast, weak reactivity for bcl-2 was detected in malignant MBCs in four of five specimens of pure MBCL and in the MBCL component in 13 of 15 specimens from the MBCL + FL group. In the FL component of 13 specimens, the bcl-2 was strongly positive. Identical light chain restriction was detected by immunohistological methods in both the FL component and the MBCL component in 15 specimens of MBCL + FL. Polymerase chain reaction analysis did not detect the t(14;18) translocation in any of 10 benign specimens or any of six evaluable pure MBCL specimens. In contrast, the translocation was detected in whole sections from eight of 12 specimens of MBCL + FL. Thus, on the one hand, the high incidences of follicular colonization and the coexistence of MBCL and FL as well as the identical light chain restriction in MBCL and FL components of MBCL + FL cases suggest that possibly these are related closely when they coexist. On the other hand, the bcl-2 and t(14;18) data cannot be used as evidence in support of a close relationship.
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MESH Headings
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 14/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 18/genetics
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin kappa-Chains/analysis
- Immunoglobulin lambda-Chains/analysis
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/chemistry
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/genetics
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/immunology
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/pathology
- Lymphoma, Follicular/chemistry
- Lymphoma, Follicular/genetics
- Lymphoma, Follicular/immunology
- Lymphoma, Follicular/pathology
- Neoplasms, Multiple Primary/chemistry
- Neoplasms, Multiple Primary/genetics
- Neoplasms, Multiple Primary/immunology
- Neoplasms, Multiple Primary/pathology
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/analysis
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2
- Translocation, Genetic/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Hernandez
- Department of Pathology, University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles, USA
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Lavergne A, Brouland JP, Launay E, Nemeth J, Ruskone-Fourmestraux A, Galian A. Multiple lymphomatous polyposis of the gastrointestinal tract. An extensive histopathologic and immunohistochemical study of 12 cases. Cancer 1994; 74:3042-50. [PMID: 7954267 DOI: 10.1002/1097-0142(19941201)74:11<3042::aid-cncr2820741123>3.0.co;2-q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple lymphomatous polyposis (LP) is a rare entity, characterized by multiple polypoid tumors involving several segments of the gastrointestinal tract. METHODS In this large retrospective series of 12 patients with LP, histologic and immunohistochemical features were investigated from patients with multiple biopsy samples from each site (500 gastrointestinal biopsies). Immunohistochemistry was performed on paraffin embedded biopsies from 12 patients and on frozen tissue biopsies from 8 patients, for each of whom at least two different anatomic sites were studied. RESULTS Histologic features always were characterized by nodules located in mucosa and submucosa composed of lymphomatous, small cleaved cells. B-cell phenotype of the neoplastic cells was the same phenotype as adult mantle-zone cells or fetal follicle cells (frequent coexpression of surface IgM and surface IgD, and weak expression of CD5, CD35+, CDw32+, and CD23-). Tested cases expressed bcl-2. Five to 20% of LP cells were positive for the monoclonal antibody Ki-67. Five patients died within 5-32 months after diagnosis. Frequent extradigestive sites were also identified. There were two unique findings: five cases with digestive tract lymphoepithelial lesions (LEL), and one secondary transformation to large B-cell malignant lymphoma. CONCLUSIONS To the authors' knowledge, this is the largest series so far of LP studied with immunohistochemistry on frozen sections. Mantle-cell B cell phenotype of the nodular monotonous, small cleaved cells is confirmed. This entity may be classified as mantle-cell lymphoma with a similar aggressive clinical course, and treated as a high grade B-cell lymphoma. The authors know of no such LEL that has been reported previously, and secondary transformation has been described only briefly in one case.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Antigens, CD/analysis
- Biopsy
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/pathology
- Female
- Gastric Mucosa/immunology
- Gastric Mucosa/pathology
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin D/analysis
- Immunoglobulin M/analysis
- Immunohistochemistry
- Intestinal Mucosa/immunology
- Intestinal Mucosa/pathology
- Intestinal Polyps/immunology
- Intestinal Polyps/pathology
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/immunology
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/pathology
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/immunology
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/pathology
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/immunology
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/pathology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Phenotype
- Polyps/immunology
- Polyps/pathology
- Retrospective Studies
- Stomach Neoplasms/immunology
- Stomach Neoplasms/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lavergne
- Service d'Anatomie Pathologique, Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France
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Nakamura N, Suzuki S, Segami H, Nozawa Y, Tominaga K, Wachi E, Hojo H, Abe M, Sakuma H, Wakasa H. Clinicopathological and immunophenotypic studies on 12 cases with B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Pathol Int 1994; 44:779-84. [PMID: 7834079 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1827.1994.tb02926.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
To clarify the histogenesis of B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (BCLL), clinicopathological and immunophenotypic studies were performed using a large panel of monoclonal antibodies on 12 cases with BCLL including three cases with prolymphocytic/chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL/PL). Immunophenotypically, CD19 and CD20 were positive for all cases of this series and CD5, CD21, CD22, CD23, CD25, CD38, Leu-8, KB-61, and bcl-2 protein were expressed in variable proportion from case to case. CD10, however, did not react. No alkaline phosphatase (ALP) positive cases were found. The phenotype of BCLL was similar to that of B cells of the mantle zone (MZ) of secondary follicle in the lymph node. It is therefore postulated that the neoplastic cells of BCLL in these cases might be derived from B cells of the MZ. Moreover, the cells possibly originated from the lymphocytes located in the inner layer of the MZ, since ALP+ B cells are usually observed in the outer layer of the MZ. The pseudofollicular (PF) pattern was observed in four biopsied lymph nodes among five cases tested, but no such a pattern in an aspiration clot of bone marrow. These four cases consisted of three cases with CLL and a case with CLL/PL. The immunohistochemical study showed that there were many proliferating cells showing Ki-67+ in the PF area of the lymph nodes. In these cases, leukemic cells might have developed from the PF area of the lymph node.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Antibodies, Monoclonal
- Cell Division
- Female
- Humans
- Immunoenzyme Techniques
- Immunophenotyping
- Ki-67 Antigen
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/immunology
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/pathology
- Leukemia, Prolymphocytic/immunology
- Leukemia, Prolymphocytic/pathology
- Lymph Nodes/pathology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Proteins/analysis
- Nuclear Proteins/analysis
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Affiliation(s)
- N Nakamura
- Department of Pathology, Fukushima Medical College, Japan
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Itoyama T, Sadamori N, Tsutsumi K, Tokunaga Y, Soda H, Tomonaga M, Yamamori S, Masuda Y, Oshima K, Kikuchi M. Primary central nervous system lymphomas. Immunophenotypic, virologic, and cytogenetic findings of three patients without immune defects. Cancer 1994; 73:455-63. [PMID: 8293413 DOI: 10.1002/1097-0142(19940115)73:2<455::aid-cncr2820730234>3.0.co;2-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary central nervous system (PCNS) lymphoma is a relatively rare disease, but an increasing incidence is reported. The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), which is often found in lymphomas of immunocompromised patients, has been implicated in the development of lymphomas. Many cytogenetic analyses of nodal B cell lymphomas have been performed, but few studies on PCNS lymphomas have been reported. METHODS The detection of EBV genome using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method and cytogenetic studies were performed, in addition to histopathologic and immunophenotypic approaches in biopsied tissue from three patients with PCNS lymphoma. Immunosuppressive states and exposure to mutagens were not clear in all patients. RESULTS Histopathologic examination disclosed a diffuse type of malignant lymphoma in all patients. Immunophenotypic studies revealed B cell phenotype in all patients, two of whom showed positive reaction for CD5. The PCR method revealed no involvement of EBV genome in tumors in any patients. The cytogenetic study showed clonal chromosome abnormalities in all patients, and abnormalities of chromosome 1 (1q21), 6 (-6, 6q15 and 6q21), 7 (-7 and 7p15), and 14 (14q24 and 14q32) were prominent. The t(6;14)(q15;q32) observed in Patient 1 is the first case to be reported in human de novo lymphoma. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that the causative role of EBV in PCNS lymphoma without immune defects is not clear. The cytogenetic findings were similar to those observed in nodal B-cell lymphoma, suggesting that the origin of PCNS lymphoma cells does not differ from nodal B cell lymphoma cells cytogenetically.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Base Sequence
- Brain Neoplasms/genetics
- Brain Neoplasms/microbiology
- Chromosome Aberrations
- Genome, Viral
- Herpesvirus 4, Human/genetics
- Humans
- Immunophenotyping
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/genetics
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/microbiology
- Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Immunoblastic/genetics
- Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Immunoblastic/microbiology
- Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/genetics
- Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/microbiology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
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Affiliation(s)
- T Itoyama
- Department of Hematology, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Japan
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