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Risk of Colorectal Cancer in Ulcerative Colitis Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2019; 2019:5363261. [PMID: 31781191 PMCID: PMC6874962 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5363261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ulcerative colitis (UC) patients have an increased risk for the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). Our aim was to assess the risk of CRC in UC patients compared with disease extent, disease duration, and geographic variation. Methods In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched PubMed, scientific meetings, and the bibliographies of identified articles, with English language restrictions for studies published from 1988 to 2018, and assessed the risk of CRC in UC patients. Patients with Crohn's disease, family history of CRC, and colorectal adenomatous polyp (CAP) were excluded from this research. The study was registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42018102213. Findings We included 58 studies that included 267566 UC patients. Extensive UC and left-sided UC had a higher risk of CRC than proctitis UC. Geography also played a role in UC-associated CRC development. The time of malignant transformation in Asian UC patients started after 10-20 years of this disease duration. North American UC-associated CRC patients significantly increased in more than 30 years of this disease duration. Conclusion In a systematic review of the literature, we found that disease extent, disease duration, and geography were strong, independent risk factors in UC-associated CRC development.
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Evidence of Differences and Discrimination in the Delivery of Care: Colorectal Screening in Healthy People and in the Care and Surveillance of Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease. GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/gidisord1020020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: In this review the management of colorectal disease will be investigated as an exemplar of common practice in the UK in an attempt to identify factors responsible for the more general experiences of patients from ethnic minorities. Within this field such populations have a lower uptake of cancer screening programmes and their experience of day-to-day care for chronic gastrointestinal disorders is poor. Study design: PubMed and Google Scholar were reviewed in 2016 to identify publications concerning colorectal screening in patients with inflammatory bowel disease and healthy communities. Methods: Data were extracted from each paper and the references exploded to identify other potential reports. Results: It is reported that barriers exist both at individual and access levels but little has been done to overcome these. There have been a number of suggestions as to how to provide equitable access, but there is a clear need to ensure that these are evidence based and have been tested and shown to be effective in clinical trials. Conclusions: Clearly, current systems of surveillance and screening will only make a difference if they provide effective and acceptable services to all potential clients. Most programmes fail to address the specific risks and anxieties of minority groups, which are thought to be poorly compliant. This review considers those factors that may play a part and suggests approaches that could overcome these deficiencies. Some clues as to these factors may come from work with patients with chronic disorders.
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Zannoni U, Masci C, Bazzocchi R, Gandolfo F, Pezzi A, Alampi G, Biasco G. Cancer of the Appendix in Long-Standing Ulcerative Colitis: A Case Report. TUMORI JOURNAL 2018; 83:958-9. [PMID: 9526592 DOI: 10.1177/030089169708300617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cancer of the appendix was found in a 69-year-old female patient affected by long-standing ulcerative colitis (UC). On histological examination the cancer was a typical cystadenocarcinoma of the appendix. The appendiceal mucosa not invaded by the neoplastic process was normal. Histological examination of the colorectal mucosa did not show dysplasia or cancer. These findings suggest that appendiceal cancer and UC may be unrelated diseases. A surveillance program for early detection of cancer of the appendix in patients with longstanding UC does not seem mandatory.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Zannoni
- Istituto di Ematologia e Oncologia Medica L. e A. Seragnoli, Bologna, Italy
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Flores BM, O'Connor A, Moss AC. Impact of mucosal inflammation on risk of colorectal neoplasia in patients with ulcerative colitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Gastrointest Endosc 2017; 86:1006-1011.e8. [PMID: 28750838 DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2017.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Long-standing ulcerative colitis is an established risk factor for colorectal neoplasia. A number of observational studies have suggested that evidence of mucosal inflammation (endoscopic or histologic) is associated with a greater risk for colorectal neoplasia than is mucosal healing. Our goal was to systematically analyze the risk of colorectal neoplasia in patients with ulcerative colitis who have ongoing mucosal inflammation to better inform surveillance strategies. METHODS We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of the effect of endoscopic and/or histologic inflammation on the risk of colorectal neoplasia in cohort and case-control studies. Sensitivity analyses for study setting and case definition were performed. RESULTS Six studies met the inclusion criteria, incorporating outcomes in 1443 patients. No study used a single validated measure for mucosal inflammation. The pooled odds ratio for colorectal neoplasia was 3.5 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.6-4.8; P < .001) in those with any mucosal inflammation and 2.6 (95% CI, 1.5-4.5; P = .01) in those with histologic inflammation, when compared with those with mucosal healing. The overall quality of the studies was good. CONCLUSION The presence of objective evidence of mucosal inflammation during follow-up in patients with ulcerative colitis is associated with a greater risk of subsequent colorectal neoplasia than in those with mucosal healing. This risk factor should be considered in guidelines on surveillance intervals for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brisas M Flores
- Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anthony O'Connor
- Leeds Gastroenterology Institute, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Alan C Moss
- Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Castaño-Milla C, Chaparro M, Gisbert JP. Systematic review with meta-analysis: the declining risk of colorectal cancer in ulcerative colitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2014; 39:645-59. [PMID: 24612141 DOI: 10.1111/apt.12651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Revised: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 01/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) have an increased risk of developing colorectal cancer (CRC); however, the magnitude of this effect is open to debate. AIM To assess the risk of CRC in UC patients by systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS A systematic literature search was performed up to November 2013. We selected studies describing the incidence and prevalence of CRC in patients with UC. Articles were assessed for quality using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Cumulative incidence and incidence rates of CRC were combined and analysed using the generic inverse variance method. Sub-analyses were performed to identify factors associated with an increased risk of developing CRC. RESULTS A total of 81 studies (181 923 patients) met the inclusion criteria. The incidence rate of CRC in patients with UC was 1.58 per 1000 patient-years (py) [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.39–1.76]. Results were heterogeneous (I2 = 81–89%). The incidence rate was 4.02/1000 py (95%CI = 2.74–5.31) in studies that only included patients with extensive colitis, and 1.24/1000 py (95%CI = 1.01–1.47) in population-based studies. The incidence rate was 0.91/1000 py (95%CI = 0.61–1.2) in the first decade of disease, 4.07/1000 py (95%CI = 2.58–5.56) in the second, and 4.55/1000 py (95%CI = 2.64–6.46) in the third. The incidence rate decreased from 4.29/1000 py in the studies published in the 1950s to 1.21/1000 py in studies published in the last decade. CONCLUSIONS The risk of patients with ulcerative colitis developing colorectal cancer has decreased steadily over the last six decades, but the extent and duration of the disease increase this risk.
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Vleggaar FP, Lutgens MWMD, Claessen MMH. Review article: The relevance of surveillance endoscopy in long-lasting inflammatory bowel disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2007; 26 Suppl 2:47-52. [PMID: 18081648 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2007.03487.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Development of colitis-associated colorectal cancer is an important clinical problem in patients with colonic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). British and American guidelines recommend to start surveillance after a disease duration of 8-10 or 15-20 years for patients with extensive or left-sided colitis, respectively. AIM To assess the evidence level of current surveillance strategies. METHODS A PubMed-based literature search using the search terms inflammatory bowel disease, ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, dysplasia, colorectal cancer and surveillance was performed. RESULTS Low-grade and high-grade dysplastic lesions progress to cancer in a high percentage of patients. Furthermore, concurrent cancer is found in approximately one-third of the patients with colonic dysplasia. Low-level evidence showing reduced colorectal cancer-related mortality in patients who were undergoing surveillance is available. Patients with concomitant primary sclerosing cholangitis form a subgroup of IBD patients with an even higher risk of colorectal neoplasia. CONCLUSIONS Colonic surveillance prolongs life expectancy of patients with long-lasting IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- F P Vleggaar
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Thomas T, Abrams KA, Robinson RJ, Mayberry JF. Meta-analysis: cancer risk of low-grade dysplasia in chronic ulcerative colitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2007; 25:657-68. [PMID: 17311598 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2007.03241.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cancer risk of low-grade dysplasia (LGD) in chronic ulcerative colitis is variable and its management remain contentious. AIM To determine the risk of cancer or any advanced lesion once LGD is diagnosed. METHODS A MEDLINE, EMBASE and Pub Med search was conducted using the key words 'surveillance', 'colorectal cancer', 'low-grade dysplasia' and 'ulcerative colitis'. A random effects model of meta-analysis was used. RESULTS Twenty surveillance studies had 508 flat LGD or LGD with dysplasia-associated lesion or mass. An average of 4.3 colonoscopies was performed/patient post-LGD diagnosis (range: 3-7.6). An average of 18 biopsies taken per colonoscopy (range: 9-24) detected 73 advanced lesions (cancer or high-grade dysplasia) pre-operatively. The cancer incidence was 14 of 1000 (95% CI: 5.0-34) person years duration (pyd) and the incidence of any advanced lesion was 30 of 1000 pyd (95% CI: 12-76). When LGD is detected on surveillance there is a ninefold risk of developing cancer (OR: 9.0, 95% CI: 4.0-20.5) and 12-fold risk of developing any advanced lesion (OR: 11.9, 95% CI: 5.2-27). CONCLUSIONS The risk of developing cancer in patients with LGD is high. These estimates are valuable for decision-making when LGD is encountered on surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Thomas
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Diseases Centre, Leicester General Hospital, Gwendolen Road, Leicester, LE4 5PW, UK
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Bruce WR, Cirocco M, Giacca A, Kim YI, Marcon N, Minkin S. A pilot randomised controlled trial to reduce colorectal cancer risk markers associated with B-vitamin deficiency, insulin resistance and colonic inflammation. Br J Cancer 2005; 93:639-46. [PMID: 16136044 PMCID: PMC2361622 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6602770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2005] [Revised: 08/04/2005] [Accepted: 08/04/2005] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer risk is associated with biochemical markers for B-vitamin deficiency, insulin resistance and colonic inflammation, suggesting that these three conditions are each involved in colon carcinogenesis. We expected that dietary supplements of folic acid, n-3 fatty acids and calcium would reduce the markers and thus possibly cancer risk. We therefore randomised 98 participants, with previous colonic polyps or intramucosal carcinomas, to a combined treatment of supplementary folic acid, fish oil and calcium carbonate, or placebos for 28 days. Blood and faecal samples were obtained prior to and at the conclusion of the intervention and analysed for plasma folate, homocysteine, insulin, free fatty acids, triglycerides and faecal calprotectin. In addition, plasma vitamin B12, thiamin, glucose and C-reactive protein were assessed. Our supplemental strategy modestly affected some of the biomarkers associated with folate metabolism and insulin resistance, but had no effect on those associated with colonic inflammation. This pilot study demonstrates the feasibility and practicality of clinical trials aimed at reducing diet-related biochemical risk markers for colon cancer. We suggest that long-term intervention studies with tumour-related end points should be undertaken when the intervention agents used are found effective in short-term biochemical risk marker trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- W R Bruce
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, 150 College Street, and Division of Gastroenterology, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 2E3.
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Karlsson PC, Hughes R, Rafter JJ, Bruce WR. Polyethylene glycol reduces inflammation and aberrant crypt foci in carcinogen-initiated rats. Cancer Lett 2004; 223:203-9. [PMID: 15896454 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2004.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2004] [Revised: 10/16/2004] [Accepted: 10/19/2004] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Polyethylene glycol 8000 inhibits the formation of tumors and of aberrant crypt foci (ACF) in carcinogen-initiated rats. We asked: is the inhibition associated with a reduction of colonic inflammation and an increase in colonic cell permeability? Twenty-eight, male F 344 rats were divided into two groups, 10 control animals and 18 animals initiated with azoxymethane. Nine of the rats in the carcinogen-initiated group were given a diet with 5% PEG 8000 in an AIN-93 based, high fat diet. The other nine, and the control group received the diet without the addition of PEG. Nine weeks later, the rats receiving the diet containing PEG had a 43% reduction in ACF (P<0.001) compared with the carcinogen-initiated rats on the control diet, a result confirming earlier observations that PEG inhibits colon carcinogenesis. The animals receiving the diet containing PEG also had a 10-fold reduction in fecal granulocyte marker protein (GMP) (P<0.001) compared with both the carcinogen-treated and the control animals. PEG reduced inflammation below the levels of carcinogen-treated and of untreated animals. Fecal water from the rats receiving PEG did not reduce transepithelial resistance of, or manitol flux through, human Caco-cells grown as monolayers in vitro. PEG may reduce colon carcinogenesis through a mechanism involving colonic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pernilla C Karlsson
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Novum, S-141 86 Huddinge, Sweden
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Hata K, Watanabe T, Kazama S, Suzuki K, Shinozaki M, Yokoyama T, Matsuda K, Muto T, Nagawa H. Earlier surveillance colonoscopy programme improves survival in patients with ulcerative colitis associated colorectal cancer: results of a 23-year surveillance programme in the Japanese population. Br J Cancer 2003; 89:1232-6. [PMID: 14520452 PMCID: PMC2394323 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6601247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with long-standing ulcerative colitis (UC) are known to have an increased risk for the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). The aim of this study was to clarify the cumulative risk for the development of dysplasia or invasive cancer and the effectiveness of surveillance colonoscopy in the Japanese population. A total of 217 patients received a total of 1027 surveillance colonoscopies between January 1979 and December 2001 at the University of Tokyo hospital. Patients with invasive cancer found in the surveillance group were compared to those referred to our hospital from the other hospitals without surveillance colonoscopy. Surveillance colonoscopy confirmed 15 patients with definite dysplasia. Of these, five were proved to have invasive cancer in the resected specimens. The cumulative risk for the development of invasive cancer at 10, 20, and 30 years was 0.5, 4.1, and 6.1%, respectively, while that for the development of definite dysplasia at 10, 20, and 30 years was 3.1, 10.0, and 15.6%, respectively. All the patients with invasive cancer in the surveillance group remained alive, while three out of four patients in the nonsurveillance group died. Our surveillance programme is useful for detecting UC-associated CRC, and survival may be improved by surveillance colonoscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Hata
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
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Heinzlmann M, Lang SM, Neynaber S, Reinshagen M, Emmrich J, Stratakis DF, Heldwein W, Wiebecke B, Loeschke K. Screening for p53 and K-ras mutations in whole-gut lavage in chronic inflammatory bowel disease. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2002; 14:1061-6. [PMID: 12362095 DOI: 10.1097/00042737-200210000-00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Molecular screening for frequently mutated genes may increase the likelihood of identifying cancer risk groups, such as patients with longstanding inflammatory bowel disease. This study investigated the prevalence and time course of p53 and K-ras mutations in colonic lavage fluid of patients with inflammatory bowel disease. METHODS Colonic lavage fluid from 190 patients with ulcerative colitis (73), Crohn's disease (58) or controls (49 non-tumour, 10 colorectal cancer) was studied by oligomer-specific hybridization for K-ras mutations and single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) for p53 mutations. Follow-up investigations were carried out after 1-3 years. RESULTS Mutations were most frequent in carcinomas (5/10, 50%) and rare in non-tumour controls (1/49, 2.0%). They were found in Crohn's colitis in 15.4%, in extensive ulcerative colitis in 18.6%, in left-sided ulcerative colitis in 13.3%, and in distal ulcerative colitis in 6.7% (P > 0.05). There was a positive association with disease duration (> or =11 years, P < 0.05). Follow-up investigations detected the same mutation in four patients and revealed new mutations in three patients. CONCLUSIONS In our large series of patients with inflammatory bowel disease, K-ras and p53 mutations could be detected with reasonable frequency and confirmed at follow-up in at least some patients. Our data encourage the use of molecular screening for the detection of malignant precursor lesions in at-risk patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Heinzlmann
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medizinische Klinik Innenstadt, University of Munich, D-80336 Munich, Germany.
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Biasco G, Rossini FP, Hakim R, Brandi G, Di Battista M, Di Febo G, Calabrese C, Santucci R, Miglioli M. Cancer surveillance in ulcerative colitis: critical analysis of long-term prospective programme. Dig Liver Dis 2002; 34:339-42. [PMID: 12118951 DOI: 10.1016/s1590-8658(02)80127-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with longstanding ulcerative colitis are at increased risk of colorectal cancer. In the literature, no agreement has yet been reached regarding prevention strategies. Our report sums up a prospective study started in 1980. METHODS A total of 65 patients affected by ulcerative colitis for more than seven years were admitted to a regular colonoscopic and biopsy follow-up programme. RESULTS Some 20 years after the beginning of the study, 23 (35.3%) patients have been operated upon, 2 patients have died but not from cancer 29 (44.66%) patients have abandoned the programme. Only 11 (16.9%) patients have remained under colonoscopic surveillance. CONCLUSION These results cast some doubts on the significance of such a programme and on its long-term feasibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Biasco
- Institute of Haematology and Oncology, L. e A Seràgnoli and Interdipartimental Centre for Cancer Research G Prodi, University of Bologna, Italy.
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Eaden JA, Abrams KR, Mayberry JF. The risk of colorectal cancer in ulcerative colitis: a meta-analysis. Gut 2001. [PMID: 11247898 DOI: 10.1136/gut484526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Controversy surrounds the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) in ulcerative colitis (UC). Many studies have investigated this risk and reported widely varying rates. METHODS A literature search using Medline with the explosion of references identified 194 studies. Of these, 116 met our inclusion criteria from which the number of patients and cancers detected could be extracted. Overall pooled estimates, with 95% confidence intervals (CI), of cancer prevalence and incidence were obtained using a random effects model on either the log odds or log incidence scale, as appropriate. RESULTS The overall prevalence of CRC in any UC patient, based on 116 studies, was estimated to be 3.7% (95% CI 3.2-4.2%). Of the 116 studies, 41 reported colitis duration. From these the overall incidence rate was 3/1000 person years duration (pyd), (95% CI 2/1000 to 4/1000). The overall incidence rate for any child was 6/1000 pyd (95% CI 3/1000 to 13/1000). Of the 41 studies, 19 reported results stratified into 10 year intervals of disease duration. For the first 10 years the incidence rate was 2/1000 pyd (95% CI 1/1000 to 2/1000), for the second decade the incidence rate was estimated to be 7/1000 pyd (95% CI 4/1000 to 12/1000), and in the third decade the incidence rate was 12/1000 pyd (95% CI 7/1000 to 19/1000). These incidence rates corresponded to cumulative probabilities of 2% by 10 years, 8% by 20 years, and 18% by 30 years. The worldwide cancer incidence rates varied geographically, being 5/1000 pyd in the USA, 4/1000 pyd in the UK, and 2/1000 pyd in Scandinavia and other countries. Over time the cancer risk has increased since 1955 but this finding was not significant (p=0.8). CONCLUSIONS Using new meta-analysis techniques we determined the risk of CRC in UC by decade of disease and defined the risk in pancolitics and children. We found a non-significant increase in risk over time and estimated how risk varies with geography.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Eaden
- Gastrointestinal Research Unit, Leicester General Hospital, Gwendolen Road, Leicester LE5 4PW, UK.
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Heuschen UA, Hinz U, Allemeyer EH, Stern J, Lucas M, Autschbach F, Herfarth C, Heuschen G. Backwash ileitis is strongly associated with colorectal carcinoma in ulcerative colitis. Gastroenterology 2001; 120:841-7. [PMID: 11231938 DOI: 10.1053/gast.2001.22434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Commonly accepted risk factors for colorectal carcinoma (CRC) in ulcerative colitis are duration and extent of disease. By identifying still unknown risk factors, surveillance strategies may be improved further. We investigated whether backwash ileitis is also a factor associated with CRC in ulcerative colitis. METHODS Five hundred ninety consecutive patients with ulcerative colitis who received restorative proctocolectomy were classified into 3 groups: (1) pancolitis with backwash ileitis, (2) pancolitis without backwash ileitis, and (3) left-sided colitis. The association with CRC was analyzed in these 3 groups of patients. As further risk factors, we investigated disease duration, dysplasia, primary sclerosing cholangitis, age at diagnosis of disease, disease activity, and gender. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used for analysis. RESULTS CRC was diagnosed in 11.2% of all patients. CRC was found in 29.0% of 107 patients in group 1, compared with 9.0% of 369 patients in group 2, and in 1.8% of 114 patients in group 3 (P < 0.001). Cancer patients in group 1 showed significantly more multiple tumor growth (45.2%) than patients in group 2 (24.2%) and group 3 (0%) (P = 0.041). Estimating the relative risk for CRC in the multivariate analysis, patients in group 1 showed a significantly higher odds ratio than patients in groups 2 and 3 (odds ratio: 19.36 vs. 9.58 vs. 1; P < 0.001). High-grade dysplasia, low-grade dysplasia, disease duration of more than 10 years, and disease duration of less than 10 years in patients older than 45 years were further factors with significantly increased risk (odds ratios: 21.69, 6.36, 3.63, 4.37), but primary sclerosing cholangitis was not (P = 0.080). However, primary sclerosing cholangitis was strongly associated with backwash ileitis. CONCLUSIONS There is a strong association of backwash ileitis with CRC in patients with ulcerative colitis who undergo proctocolectomy. The predictive value of backwash ileitis for CRC and premalignant dysplasia in patients with ulcerative colitis should be investigated in future studies based on colonoscopic surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- U A Heuschen
- Department of Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Dortmund, Germany.
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Mueller E, Vieth M, Stolte M, Mueller J. The differentiation of true adenomas from colitis-associated dysplasia in ulcerative colitis: a comparative immunohistochemical study. Hum Pathol 1999; 30:898-905. [PMID: 10452501 DOI: 10.1016/s0046-8177(99)90242-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Adenomas in areas involved by ulcerative colitis (UCA) are difficult to identify because of their morphological similarity to ulcerative colitis-associated dysplasia (UCD) and have an uncertain biology. Recently, a set of morphopathologic criteria were published for the diagnosis of UCA versus UCD. As a first step to analyze these criteria, we studied p53 and bcl-2 expression in groups of UCA and UCD along with a sporadic adenoma control group. Ninety lesions from UC areas (62 patients) were examined, including 24 UCA without high-grade dysplasia (HGD) and 66 UCD consisting of 43 polypoid and 23 flat dysplastic lesions (29 with HGD). Immunohistochemical p53 and bcl-2 expression were evaluated semiquantitatively. P53-positive cases were significantly less frequent in the UCA (4%) versus the UCD group (30%, P = .01) and the polypoid UCD subgroup (35%, P = .005). Moderate or strong bcl-2 expression was significantly more frequent in the UCA than in the UCD group (96% v 70%, P = .01) and in the UCA versus both polypoid and flat UCD subgroups. Comparison of UCA with low-grade dysplastic polypoid UCD cases alone showed a difference just below significance for p53 (P = .07). p53 and bcl-2 expression rates were very similar in the UCA group and the sporadic adenoma (n = 25) control group. These results show that UCA has phenotypic features more similar to sporadic adenomas than UCD and supports the concept that adenomas in UC have a biology different from UC-associated dysplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Mueller
- Institute of Pathology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Long standing ulcerative colitis (UC) has been known to be one of the precancerous diseases of colorectal cancer. Although the frequent loss of p53 allele (LOH) and aneuploidy were reported as the molecular events in carcinoma and dysplasia known as the precursor of UC, p53 genetic alteration was not reported in indefinite dysplasia and UC involved mucosa in long standing UC. Therefore, we investigated the mutational inactivation of the p53 gene in UC patients who showed dysplastic mucosa, as well as non-dysplastic mucosa on H & E stain and, secondly, if there is p53 mutation, we examined the relationship between p53 alteration and clinical data. METHOD Sixteen patients with UC who had different duration of colitis were studied by endoscopic examination with rectal mucosal biopsies, p53 gene alterations were detected by PCR-SSCP for exon 4-8 and immunohistochemical staining with p53 monoclonal antibody. RESULTS Among 16 patients, 2 patients (12%) showed dysplasia on H-E stain. The p53 point mutations were detected in 4 (two dysplasia and 2 normal looking mucosa) on PCR-SSCP. 4 patients who had p53 gene mutation were positive in immunohistochemical staining. With regard to clinical characteristics, these patients with p53 point mutation showed poor response to medical treatment. CONCLUSION These results suggest that the p53 mutation may be an early molecular event of cancerous change in UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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18
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Abstract
The place of colonoscopy in the management of ulcerative colitis is restricted to clinical situations where the information provided will change clinical management. The information provided will be answers to the questions?inflammatory bowel disease, o r, in the patient with known colitis: inflammatory bowel disease?type?activity extent?dysplasia. Biopsy is pivotal to the diagnosis and provides the certainty of tissue diagnosis, assessment of activity and detection of dysplasia. Sigmoidoscopy is sufficient for providing information for clinical management in most circumstances, but colonoscopy is important where clinical features are disproportionate to sigmoidoscopic findings and systemic parameters of inflammatory activity; to determine type and extent of inflammatory bowel disease and when surveillance needs to start; and for biopsy to detect dysplasia. Ileoscopy is an important aspect of colonoscopy for differential diagnosis, and is the unique definer of total colonoscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- F A Macrae
- Department of Gastroenterology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia
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19
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Griffiths AM, Sherman PM. Colonoscopic surveillance for cancer in ulcerative colitis: a critical review. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1997; 24:202-10. [PMID: 9106108 DOI: 10.1097/00005176-199702000-00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A M Griffiths
- Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Canada
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20
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Lindberg B, Persson B, Veress B, Ingelman-Sundberg H, Granqvist S. Twenty years' colonoscopic surveillance of patients with ulcerative colitis. Detection of dysplastic and malignant transformation. Scand J Gastroenterol 1996; 31:1195-204. [PMID: 8976012 DOI: 10.3109/00365529609036910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endoscopic cancer surveillance in patients with ulcerative colitis has been performed for almost 3 decades. There is still no consensus on its clinical value. METHODS This study evaluates a 20-year prospective study of 143 patients with extensive ulcerative colitis and a disease duration exceeding 10 years. Colonoscopy with double biopsy specimens from nine locations of the colon was performed every 2nd year. Biopsy specimens showing dysplasia were reviewed at the end of the study. RESULTS Through the surveillance dysplasia/cancer was detected in 55 patients; 7 of these patients had carcinomas, and 2 were in a possibly curable stage (Dukes A). The predictive value of low-grade dysplasia for either high-grade dysplasia or cancer was 41%. CONCLUSIONS Although impaired by limiting factors, colonoscopic surveillance of chronic extensive colitis may identify patients with dysplasia and thereby prevent malignant transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Lindberg
- Dept. of Diagnostic Radiology, Huddinge University Hospital, Sweden
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21
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Abstract
During a 13-year period, 213 patients with ulcerative colitis who had no clinical or endoscopic evidence of colonic carcinoma were enrolled in a biopsy surveillance program for dysplasia and carcinoma. The aims of the study were to determine whether such a program could decrease the cancer risk in this group of patients, to determine whether patients with a low risk of carcinoma could be identified, thus enabling them to retain their colon, and to accomplish these goals with a reasonable expenditure of resources. Eighteen patients had dysplasia detected in the initial biopsy specimens; 15 of these patients underwent colectomy, and 7 had unsuspected carcinoma (1 Dukes' stage A, 2 stage B, and 4 stage C). Eleven patients had dysplasia detected during follow-up; 7 of these patients had colectomy, and only 1 patient had carcinoma (Dukes' B). Dysplasia developed in 5 of 20 patients with indefinite changes on initial biopsy samples; 3 of these patients underwent colectomy, and 1 patient had carcinoma (Dukes' B). There was no difference in the prevalence of dysplasia between patients with left-sided disease and patients with extensive disease. With the exception of 2 patients with inadequate surveillance, there has been no clinical evidence of carcinoma in any of the 148 patients whose biopsy results remained negative throughout the study; carcinoma has not developed in any of 175 patients without dysplasia on initial biopsy sample. All 4 patients who died of carcinoma had high-grade dysplasia in their initial colonoscopic biopsy samples. It is concluded that a biopsy surveillance program can be an effective aid in helping control the risk of carcinoma in patients with long-standing ulcerative colitis, that the short-term risk of carcinoma for patients with negative biopsy results is low and colectomy for risk of carcinoma can be deferred in this group, and that patients with extensive and left-sided disease share the same risk of the development of dysplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- W M Chambers
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK.
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