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Martínez-Hernández J, Seco-Rovira V, Beltrán-Frutos E, Ferrer C, Serrano-Sánchez MI, Pastor LM. Proliferation, apoptosis, and number of Sertoli cells in the Syrian hamster during recrudescence after exposure to short photoperiod†‡. Biol Reprod 2021; 102:588-597. [PMID: 31621831 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioz198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The Sertoli cell (Sc) has been described as a quiescent cell once the animal has reached sexual maturity. Syrian hamster is an animal that displays testicular regression due to short photoperiod, during which process germ cells and Sc are removed through apoptosis. The aim of this work was to investigate histochemically whether the spontaneous testicular recrudescence processes after exposure to a short photoperiod lead to an increase in Sc proliferative activity in order to restore the normal population. Three spontaneous recrudescence groups were established: initial (IR), advanced (AR), and total (TR) recrudescence, which were compared with animal undergoing the regression process (mild: MRg, strong: SRg, and total: TRg) and animals in long photoperiod (Controls). Histological sections were submitted to histochemical techniques for detecting apoptotic and proliferative Sc with bright-field and fluorescence microscopy. For each group, the proliferative Sc index (PScI) and apoptotic Sc index (AScI), and the total number of Sc were obtained. The results revealed the existence of Vimentin+/TUNEL+ as well as Vimentin+/PCNA+ cells. The PScI was significantly higher in TRg and IR than in the other groups. The AScI was only significantly higher in MRg and SRg with respect to the other groups. The total number of Sc increased among TRg, IR, and AR, reaching values similar to those of the Controls. In conclusion, the increase in Sc proliferation from final regression and recrudescence, accompanied by a similar rate of apoptosis to the Control group, is the cause of the restoration of the Sc population during spontaneous recrudescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Martínez-Hernández
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Medical School, IMIB-Arrixaca, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Vicente Seco-Rovira
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Medical School, IMIB-Arrixaca, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Ester Beltrán-Frutos
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Medical School, IMIB-Arrixaca, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Concepción Ferrer
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Medical School, IMIB-Arrixaca, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - María Isabel Serrano-Sánchez
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Medical School, IMIB-Arrixaca, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Luis Miguel Pastor
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Medical School, IMIB-Arrixaca, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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2
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Chen H, Huang Y, Liu T, Haseeb A, Ahmed N, Zhang L, Bian X, Chen Q. Characteristics of seasonal spermatogenesis in the soft-shelled turtle. Anim Reprod Sci 2020; 214:106307. [PMID: 32087920 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2020.106307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Spermatogenesis in reptiles is a seasonally dependent physiological process that is not temporally associated with male mating behavior. Characteristics of seasonal spermatogenesis in reptiles, however, remain largely unknown. In this review, there is a coverage of the characteristics of soft-shelled turtle, Pelodiscus sinensis, during seasonal spermatogenesis that provides insights into spermatogenesis of testudines. The seminiferous epithelium of P. sinensis are undergoing spermatogenesis during the summer and fall, but are quiescent throughout the rest of the year; germ cells progress through spermatogenic stages in a temporal rather than a spatial pattern. While apoptotic germ cells mainly appear in the non-spermatogenic phase, these are seldom present during active spermatogenesis. It is inferred that apoptosis may be one of the reasons for germ cell loss during the resting phase of spermatogenesis. During the period when spermatogenesis is occurring, Sertoli cells become very narrow and are in contact with several round/elongated spermatids. Many residual spermatozoa can be internalized and degraded within Sertoli cells by entosis during the non-spermatogenic phase, which precedes the next reproductive cycle in P. sinensis. In the late spermatogenic phase, round-shaped mitochondria of spermatids become elongated and swollen, subsequently forming a crescent-like shape and develop into "onion-like" shaped mitochondria. As spermiogenesis progresses, the endoplasmic reticulum of spermatids is transferred into a specialized structure called the "Chrysanthemum flower center", which may be a source of autophagosomal membranes. The information provided in this review will help improve understanding of characteristics of seasonal spermatogenesis, which will hopefully promote interest in the study of reptilian species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Chen
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, China
| | - Yufei Huang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, China
| | - Tengfei Liu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, China
| | - Abdul Haseeb
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, China
| | - Nisar Ahmed
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, China
| | - Li Zhang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, China
| | - Xunguang Bian
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, China
| | - Qiusheng Chen
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, China.
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3
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Zarei L, Shahrooz R. Protective effects of Cornus mas fruit extract on methotrexate-induced alterations in mice testicular tissue: Evidences for histochemical and histomorphometrical changes in an animal model study. VETERINARY RESEARCH FORUM : AN INTERNATIONAL QUARTERLY JOURNAL 2019; 10:307-313. [PMID: 32206226 PMCID: PMC7065575 DOI: 10.30466/vrf.2019.69516.1955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Methotrexate (MTX) as a chemotherapeutic agent, has adverse effects on reproductive organs by enhancing oxidative stress. In this study, the protective effects of Cornus mas fruit extract (CMFE) against MTX side effects were evaluated. Forty-eight mature male NMRI mice were divided into six groups: group 1 (control) received 0.10 mL per day of normal saline intraperitoneally (IP), group 2 received MTX (20.00 mg kg-1 per week, IP), group 3 received MTX along with CMFE 250 mg kg-1 per day by oral gavage, group 4 received MTX along with CMFE 500 mg kg-1 per day by oral gavage, group 5 received MTX plus 1000 mg kg-1 per day of CMFE by oral gavage, and group 6 received 1000 mg kg-1 per day of CMFE extract, orally. All animals were treated for 35 consecutive days. Thickness of testicular capsule and germinal epithelium and diameter of seminiferous tubules were measured. Intra-cytoplasmic levels of carbohydrate, unsaturated fatty acid (UFA) and alkaline phosphatase were assessed. Serum level of testosterone and testicular total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were also evaluated. The results demonstrated that MTX administration caused morphometrical parameters except the thickness of testicular capsule were significantly different in comparison to control group and decreased cytoplasmic concentration of carbohydrate in the first three layers of germinal epithelium and increased the UFA levels. Contrarily, CMFE ameliorates the condition. Moreover, CMFE increased testosterone level and increased the MTX-reduced TAC level. In conclusion, it was revealed that CMFE decreased the cellular atrophy by controlling the energy substrate utilization based on lipids and carbohydrates via provoking the testicular antioxidant status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liela Zarei
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Rasoul Shahrooz
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
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4
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Busolini FI, Rosales GJ, Filippa VP, Mohamed FH. A Seasonal and Age-Related Study of Interstitial Cells in the Pineal Gland of Male Viscacha (Lagostomus maximus maximus). Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2017. [PMID: 28622452 DOI: 10.1002/ar.23621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The pineal gland of viscacha exhibits histophysiological variations throughout the year, with periods of maximal activity in winter and minimal activity in summer. The aim of this work is to analyze the interstitial cells (IC) in the pineal gland of male viscachas in relation to season and age. The S-100 protein, glio-fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and vimentin were detected in adult and immature animals by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Double-IHC was also performed. The S-100 protein was localized within both, IC nucleus and cytoplasm. GFAP was present only in the cytoplasm. Vimentin was expressed in some IC, besides endothelial cells, and perivascular spaces. In the adult males, the morphometric parameters analyzed for the S-100 protein and GFAP exhibited seasonal variations with higher values of immunopositive area percentage in winter and lower values in summer, whereas the immature ones showed the lowest values for all the adult animals studied. Colocalization of S-100 protein and GFAP was observed. The IC exhibited differential expression for the proteins studied, supporting the hypothesis of the neuroectodermal origin. The IC generate an intraglandular communication network, suggesting its participation in the glandular activity regulation processes. The results of double-IHC might indicate the presence of IC in different functional stages, probably related to the needs of the cellular microenvironment. The morphometric variations in the proteins analyzed between immature and adult viscachas probed to be more salient in the latter, suggesting a direct relationship between the expression of the S-100 protein and GFAP, and animal age. Anat Rec, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals Inc. Anat Rec, 300:1847-1857, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabricio Ivan Busolini
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), 5700 San Luis, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Judith Rosales
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), 5700 San Luis, Argentina
| | - Verónica Palmira Filippa
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), 5700 San Luis, Argentina.,Histologia, Departamento de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Avenida Ejercito de los Andes 950, Bloque I, Piso No. 1, San Luis, 5700, Argentina
| | - Fabian Heber Mohamed
- Histologia, Departamento de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Avenida Ejercito de los Andes 950, Bloque I, Piso No. 1, San Luis, 5700, Argentina
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5
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Hu W, Ma Z, Di S, Jiang S, Li Y, Fan C, Yang Y, Wang D. Snapshot: implications for melatonin in endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 173:3431-3442. [PMID: 27759160 PMCID: PMC5120159 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an important intracellular membranous organelle. Previous studies have demonstrated that the ER is responsible for protein folding and trafficking, lipid synthesis and the maintenance of calcium homeostasis. Interestingly, the morphology and structure of the ER were recently found to be important. Melatonin is a hormone that anticipates the daily onset of darkness in mammals, and it is well known that melatonin acts as an antioxidant by scavenging free radicals and increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes in the body. Notably, the existing evidence demonstrates that melatonin is involved in ER homeostasis, particularly in the morphology of the ER, indicating a potential protective role of melatonin. This review discusses the existing knowledge regarding the implications for the involvement of melatonin in ER homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hu
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular SurgeryAffiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjingChina
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Zhiqiang Ma
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryTangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Shouyin Di
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryTangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Shuai Jiang
- Department of Aerospace MedicineThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Chongxi Fan
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryTangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular SurgeryAffiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjingChina
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Dongjin Wang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular SurgeryAffiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjingChina
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6
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Rosales GJ, Busolini FI, Mohamed FH, Filippa VP. Effects of melatonin and gonadal androgens on cell proliferation in the pituitary of viscachas (Lagostomus maximus maximus). Cell Prolif 2016; 49:644-53. [PMID: 27484731 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Melatonin and androgens are involved in the regulation of cell proliferation. However, effects of these hormones on pituitary pars distalis (PD) of male viscachas is not fully understood. In the present study, we analysed melatonin and gonadal androgens' effects on proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression. MATERIALS AND METHODS Pituitary glands from foetuses, immature individuals, prepubertal individuals and adult viscachas during their reproductive cycle, after melatonin administration and after castration, were used. PCNA-ir cells were detected by immunocytochemistry and morphometrically quantified using image analysis. RESULTS Total percentage of PCNA-ir cells varied seasonally in the adult pituitary, with maximum values during the reproductive period and minima during gonadal regression periods. Percentages of PCNA-ir cells increased after melatonin administration, whereas it decreased after castration. Caudal end and ventral regions were the PD zones which were most affected by seasonal variations and castration. PCNA expression was highest in foetal pituitary from midpregnancy. Numbers of PCNA-ir cells decreased during sexual maturity. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate the effect of gonadal androgens on cell proliferation during the reproductive period and sexual maturity of these animals. Exogenous melatonin increased PD cell proliferation in adults. Thus, these hormones seem to be involved in different mechanisms that regulate cell renewal of PD in this seasonally breeding rodent.
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Affiliation(s)
- G J Rosales
- Laboratorio de Histología, Área Morfología, Departamento de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, 5700, San Luis, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - F I Busolini
- Laboratorio de Histología, Área Morfología, Departamento de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, 5700, San Luis, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - F H Mohamed
- Laboratorio de Histología, Área Morfología, Departamento de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, 5700, San Luis, Argentina
| | - V P Filippa
- Laboratorio de Histología, Área Morfología, Departamento de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, 5700, San Luis, Argentina. .,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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7
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Madekurozwa MC, Booyse D. Seasonal Changes in the Immunolocalization of Cytoskeletal Proteins and Laminin in the Testis of the Black-Backed Jackal (Canis mesomelas). Anat Histol Embryol 2016; 46:85-93. [PMID: 27477545 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Manipulation of the reproductive activity of jackals is dependent on a thorough understanding of the reproductive biology of this species. This study describes seasonal morphological changes in the adult testis of the black-backed jackal in relation to the immunoexpression of the basement membrane marker, laminin and the cytoskeletal proteins, cytokeratin, smooth muscle actin and vimentin. Laminin was immunolocalized in basement membranes surrounding seminiferous tubules, as well as in basement membranes associated with Leydig, peritubular myoid and vascular smooth muscle cells. Scalloped basement membranes enclosed seminiferous tubules in regressing testes. The seminiferous epithelium and interstitial tissue in all animals studied were cytokeratin immunonegative. Smooth muscle actin was demonstrated in vascular smooth muscle cells, as well as in peritubular myoid cells encircling seminiferous tubules. Vimentin immunoreactivity was exhibited in the cytoplasm of Sertoli cells, Leydig cells, vascular endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells and fibrocytes. Vimentin immunostaining in Sertoli, Leydig and peritubular myoid cells varied depending on the functional state of the testis. The results of the study have shown that dramatic seasonal histological changes occur in the testes of the jackal. In addition, the use of immunohistochemistry accentuates these morphological changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-C Madekurozwa
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Pretoria, Private bag X04, Onderstepoort, Pretoria, 0110, South Africa
| | - D Booyse
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Pretoria, Private bag X04, Onderstepoort, Pretoria, 0110, South Africa
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8
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Cruceño AAM, Aguilera-Merlo CI, Chaves EM, Mohamed FH. Epididymis of Viscacha (Lagostomus maximus maximus): A Morphological Comparative Study in Relation to Sexual Maturity. Anat Histol Embryol 2016; 46:73-84. [PMID: 27457370 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The morphological variations and the androgen receptor (AR) expression were studied in viscacha epididymis in relation to sexual maturity. The animals were divided into immature, pre-pubertal and adult, according to their corporal weight and testicular histology. The epididymides were studied by light microscopy, immunohistochemistry for AR and morphometric analysis. In pre-pubertal and adult animals, four well-differentiated segments (initial, caput, corpus and cauda) were observed, while in immature animals, three segments were identified (initial-caput segment, corpus and cauda). In each segment, the structural parameters and the relative cell distribution were different between the groups. The serum testosterone levels of pre-pubertal and adults showed a very significant increase related to sexual maturity. The AR expression in epithelial and fibromuscular stromal cells was different between the groups. In conclusion, the present work demonstrates that the morphological characteristics of the viscacha epididymis vary while sexual maturity is reached, the development of initial and caput is subsequent to corpus and cauda development and the androgens might play an important role during this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A M Cruceño
- Histología, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, San Luis, Argentina
| | - C I Aguilera-Merlo
- Histología, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, San Luis, Argentina
| | - E M Chaves
- Histología, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, San Luis, Argentina
| | - F H Mohamed
- Histología, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, San Luis, Argentina
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9
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Ahmed N, Yufei H, Yang P, Muhammad Yasir W, Zhang Q, Liu T, Hong C, Lisi H, Xiaoya C, Chen Q. Cytological study on Sertoli cells and their interactions with germ cells during annual reproductive cycle in turtle. Ecol Evol 2016; 6:4050-64. [PMID: 27516863 PMCID: PMC4972231 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sertoli cells (SCs) play a central role in the development of germ cells within functional testes and exhibit varying morphology during spermatogenesis. This present study investigated the seasonal morphological changes in SCs in the reproductive cycle of Pelodiscus sinensis by light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and immunohistochemistry. During hibernation period with the quiescent of spermatogenesis, several autophagosomes were observed inside the SCs, the processes of which retracted. In early spermatogenesis, when the germ cells started to proliferate, the SCs contained numerous lipid droplets instead of autophagosomes. In late spermatogenesis, the SCs processes became very thin and contacted several round/elongated spermatids in pockets. At this time, abundant endoplasmic reticulum and numerous mitochondria were present in the SCs. The organization of the tight junctions and the adherens junctions between the SCs and germ cells also changed during the reproductive cycle. Moreover, SCs were involved in the formation of cytoplasmic bridges, phagophores, and exosome secretions during spermatogenesis. Tubulobulbar complexes (TBC) were also developed by SCs around the nucleus of the spermatid at the time of spermiation. Strong, positive expression of vimentin was noted on the SCs during late spermatogenesis compared with the hibernation stage and the early stage of spermatogenesis. These data provide clear cytological evidence about the seasonal changes in SCs, corresponding with their different roles in germ cells within the Chinese soft‐shelled turtle Pelodiscus sinensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisar Ahmed
- Laboratory of Animal Cell Biology and Embryology College of Veterinary Medicine Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 China; Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences LUAWMS Uthal 90150 Pakistan
| | - Huang Yufei
- Laboratory of Animal Cell Biology and Embryology College of Veterinary Medicine Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 China
| | - Ping Yang
- Laboratory of Animal Cell Biology and Embryology College of Veterinary Medicine Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 China
| | - Waqas Muhammad Yasir
- Laboratory of Animal Cell Biology and Embryology College of Veterinary Medicine Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Laboratory of Animal Cell Biology and Embryology College of Veterinary Medicine Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 China
| | - Tengfei Liu
- Laboratory of Animal Cell Biology and Embryology College of Veterinary Medicine Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 China
| | - Chen Hong
- Laboratory of Animal Cell Biology and Embryology College of Veterinary Medicine Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 China
| | - Hu Lisi
- Laboratory of Animal Cell Biology and Embryology College of Veterinary Medicine Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 China
| | - Chu Xiaoya
- Laboratory of Animal Cell Biology and Embryology College of Veterinary Medicine Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 China
| | - Qiusheng Chen
- Laboratory of Animal Cell Biology and Embryology College of Veterinary Medicine Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 China
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10
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Morrow GE, Jones SM, Nicol SC. Interaction of hibernation and male reproductive function in wild Tasmanian echidnasTachyglossus aculeatus setosus. J Mammal 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyw013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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11
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Chaves M, Aguilera-Merlo C, Cruceño A, Fogal T, Mohamed F. Morphological study of the prostate gland in viscacha (Lagostomus maximus maximus) during periods of maximal and minimal reproductive activity. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2015; 298:1919-31. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.23261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maximiliano Chaves
- Cátedra de Histología, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis; Av. Ejército de los Andes 950-Bloque I, 1º Piso San Luis 5700 Argentina
| | - Claudia Aguilera-Merlo
- Cátedra de Histología, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis; Av. Ejército de los Andes 950-Bloque I, 1º Piso San Luis 5700 Argentina
| | - Albana Cruceño
- Cátedra de Histología, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis; Av. Ejército de los Andes 950-Bloque I, 1º Piso San Luis 5700 Argentina
| | - Teresa Fogal
- Instituto de Histología y Embriología (IHEM), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, CONICET; Mendoza 5500 Argentina
| | - Fabian Mohamed
- Cátedra de Histología, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis; Av. Ejército de los Andes 950-Bloque I, 1º Piso San Luis 5700 Argentina
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12
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Razi M, Malekinejad H. Varicocele-Induced Infertility in Animal Models. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FERTILITY & STERILITY 2015; 9:141-9. [PMID: 26246871 PMCID: PMC4518481 DOI: 10.22074/ijfs.2015.4234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Varicocele is characterized by abnormal tortuosity and dilation of the veins of the pampiniform
plexus within the spermatic cord. Although several reports show the mechanisms
by which the varicocele exerts its infertility impact, the exact pathophysiology for
varicocele-induced inflammation and its relationship with testicular endocrine disruption
remain largely unknown. This review article will update previous findings by discussing
the pathophysiology of long term-induced varicocele in rats. Testicular endocrine
disruption in experimentally-induced varicocele, new findings related to biochemical
alterations in germinal epithelium, and sperm cells apoptosis are highlighted. Recent
observations show that varicocele down-regulates first and second maturation divisions,
results in Leydig and Sertoli cell inflammation, and increases immune cell infiltration in
the testes of the rat as an animal model. Ultimately, previous findings of our laboratory
have revealed that varicocele decreased sperm motility, viability and severe DNA damage.
Damage in sperm significantly lowers the animal’s fertility potential. Varicocele not
only exerts its pathologic impact by lowering the testicular antioxidant capacity but it
also down-regulates first and second maturation divisions by exerting biochemical alterations
such as reducing the intracytoplasmic carbohydrate ratio in germinal epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazdak Razi
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Hassan Malekinejad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Urmia Medical University, Urmia, Iran Abstract
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Pintus E, Ros-Santaella JL, Garde JJ. Variation of spermatogenic and Sertoli cell number detected by fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in Iberian red deer during and out of the breeding season. Reprod Fertil Dev 2015; 27:812-22. [DOI: 10.1071/rd13419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 01/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate spermatogenesis in Iberian red deer, a short-day seasonal breeder, using the fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) technique. Reports on spermatogenesis in deer are limited and here, for the first time, FNAC has been used to evaluate changes in such physiological process during and out of the breeding season. Testes were collected from 51 stags from November 2010 to February 2011. The Sertoli index and spermatic index were significantly higher during the breeding season than out of the breeding season (P = 0.0477 and P = 0.0125, respectively). A similar pattern was described by histological analysis, in which both Sertoli cell number per tubular cross-section and Johnsen score decreased significantly from the breeding season to the non-breeding season (P = 0.0131 and P = 0.0010, respectively). Data provided by FNAC were correlated with histology: the Sertoli index was positively correlated with Sertoli cell number per tubular cross-section (P = 0.0015), whereas the spermatic index was correlated with the Johnsen score (P = 0.0497). The results of the present study indicate that FNAC is a reliable technique to evaluate spermatogenesis in Iberian red deer and suggest that Sertoli cell number is not stable in these species, reaching highest values during the breeding season.
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Filippa VP, Rosales GJ, Cruceño AAM, Mohamed FH. Androgen Receptors Expression in Pituitary of Male Viscacha in relation to Growth and Reproductive Cycle. Int J Endocrinol 2015; 2015:168047. [PMID: 25945090 PMCID: PMC4405020 DOI: 10.1155/2015/168047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work was to study the androgen receptors (AR) expression in pituitary pars distalis (PD) of male viscachas in relation to growth and reproductive cycle. AR were detected by immunocytochemistry and quantified by image analysis. Pituitary glands from fetus, immature, prepubertal, and adult viscachas during their reproductive cycle were used. In the fetal PD, the immunoreactivity (ir) was mainly cytoplasmic. In immature and prepubertal animals, AR-ir was cytoplasmic (ARc-ir) and nuclear (ARn-ir) in medial region. In adult animals, ARn-ir cells were numerous at caudal end. AR regionalization varied between the PD zones in relation to growth. In immature animals, the ARn-ir increased whereas the cytoplasmic expression decreased in relation to the fetal glands. The percentage of ARc-ir cells increased in prepubertal animals whereas the nuclear AR expression was predominant in adult viscachas. The AR expression changed in adults, showing minimum percentage in the gonadal regression period. The variation of nuclear AR expression was directly related with testosterone concentration. These results demonstrated variations in the immunostaining pattern, regionalization, and number of AR-ir cells throughout development, growth, and reproductive cycle, suggesting the involvement of AR in the regulation of the pituitary activity of male viscacha.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Palmira Filippa
- Histología, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Avenida Ejército de los Andes 950, Bloque I, Piso No. 1, 5700 San Luis, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), 5700 San Luis, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Judith Rosales
- Histología, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Avenida Ejército de los Andes 950, Bloque I, Piso No. 1, 5700 San Luis, Argentina
| | - Albana Andrea Marina Cruceño
- Histología, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Avenida Ejército de los Andes 950, Bloque I, Piso No. 1, 5700 San Luis, Argentina
| | - Fabian Heber Mohamed
- Histología, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Avenida Ejército de los Andes 950, Bloque I, Piso No. 1, 5700 San Luis, Argentina
- *Fabian Heber Mohamed:
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15
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Seasonal variations cause morphological changes and altered spermatogenesis in the testes of viscacha (Lagostomus maximus). Anim Reprod Sci 2014; 149:316-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2014.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Revised: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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16
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Seco-Rovira V, Beltrán-Frutos E, Ferrer C, Sáez FJ, Madrid JF, Pastor LM. The death of sertoli cells and the capacity to phagocytize elongated spermatids during testicular regression due to short photoperiod in Syrian hamster (Mesocricetus auratus). Biol Reprod 2014; 90:107. [PMID: 24719257 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.113.112649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
In the Syrian hamster (Mesocricetus auratus), an animal that displays testicular regression due to short photoperiod, germ cells are removed by apoptosis during this process and the apoptotic remains are phagocytized by Sertoli cells. The aim of this work was to investigate morphologically whether the testicular regression process due to short photoperiod leads to the apoptosis of Sertoli cells, and whether, during testicular regression, the elongated spermatids are eliminated through phagocytosis by Sertoli cells. To this end, we studied testis sections during testicular regression in Syrian hamster subjected to short photoperiod by means of several morphological techniques using conventional light microscopy (hematoxylin and eosin [H&E], semi-thin section vimentin, immunohistochemistry, SBA lectin, and TUNEL staining), fluorescence microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). H&E and semi-thin sections identified Sertoli cells with a degenerated morphology. Greater portion of Sertoli cells that were positive for TUNEL staining were observed especially during the mild regression (MR) and strong regression (SR) phases. In addition, TEM identified the characteristic apoptotic changes in the nucleus and cytoplasm of Sertoli cells. Moreover, during testicular regression and using light microscopy, some elongated spermatids were seen in basal position next to the Sertoli cell nucleus. This Sertoli phagocytic activity was higher in MR and SR phases. TEM confirmed this to be the result of the phagocytic activity of Sertoli cells. In conclusion, during testicular regression in Syrian hamster due to short photoperiod, when germ cells are known to be lost through apoptosis, there is morphological evidences that Sertoli cells are also lost through apoptosis, while some elongated spermatids are phagocytized and eliminated by the Sertoli cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicente Seco-Rovira
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Medical School, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum," University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Esther Beltrán-Frutos
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Medical School, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum," University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Concepción Ferrer
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Medical School, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum," University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco José Sáez
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology Unidad de Formación e Investigación 11/44, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of the Basque Country Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herrico Unibertsitatea, Leioa, Spain
| | - Juan Francisco Madrid
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Medical School, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum," University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Luis Miguel Pastor
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Medical School, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum," University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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17
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Rodriguez H, Filippa VP, Penissi A, Fogal T, Domínguez S, Piezzi RS, Scardapane L. Seasonal changes in the activity of the adrenal medulla of Viscacha (Lagostomus maximus maximus). Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2013; 296:1089-95. [PMID: 23630194 DOI: 10.1002/ar.22707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 03/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Animals living in nontropical climates modify their physiology and behavior to adapt to seasonal environmental changes. Part of this adaptation involves the release of catecholamine from sympathetic nerve endings and the adrenal medulla, which play a major role in regulating energy balance. The aim of this work was to investigate whether adult male viscachas in their natural habitat exhibits structural changes in the adrenal medulla during the annual seasonal cycle. In August-September, chromaffin granules revealed ultrastructural changes suggestive of piecemeal degranulation. Quantitative morphometric analysis by transmission electron microscopy showed a significantly lower percentage of resting chromaffin granules and a higher percentage of altered granules and empty containers in August-September (late winter) compared to February-March (late summer), suggesting an increased secretory process of catecholamines in August-September. The mechanism of piecemeal degranulation might amplify this process, encouraging the adaptive response to winter environmental conditions. Tissue levels of epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine (analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography) changed throughout the year, reaching maximum values in February-March and minimum values in August-September. These results demonstrate morphological and biochemical seasonal variations of the adrenal medulla, suggesting that epinephrine might promote energy mobilization, which allow the Lagostomus to cope with adverse environmental conditions and thus to survive during winter season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Rodriguez
- Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Laboratorio de Histología, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Av. Ejército de los Andes 950, Bloque I, 1º piso, 5700 San Luis, Argentina
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18
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Dadhich RK, Barrionuevo FJ, Real FM, Lupiañez DG, Ortega E, Burgos M, Jiménez R. Identification of live germ-cell desquamation as a major mechanism of seasonal testis regression in mammals: a study in the Iberian mole (Talpa occidentalis). Biol Reprod 2013; 88:101. [PMID: 23515671 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.112.106708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In males of seasonally breeding species, testes undergo a severe involution at the end of the breeding season, with a major volume decrease due to massive germ-cell depletion associated with photoperiod-dependent reduced levels of testosterone and gonadotropins. Although it has been repeatedly suggested that apoptosis is the principal effector of testicular regression in vertebrates, recent studies do not support this hypothesis in some mammals. The purpose of our work is to discover alternative mechanisms of testis regression in these species. In this paper, we have performed a morphological, hormonal, ultrastructural, molecular, and functional study of the mechanism of testicular regression and the role that cell junctions play in the cell-content dynamics of the testis of the Iberian mole, Talpa occidentalis, throughout the seasonal breeding cycle. Desquamation of live, nonapoptotic germ cells has been identified here as a new mechanism for seasonal testis involution in mammals, indicating that testis regression is regulated by modulating the expression and distribution of the cell-adhesion molecules in the seminiferous epithelium. During this process, which is mediated by low intratesticular testosterone levels, Sertoli cells lose their nursing and supporting function, as well as the impermeability of the blood-testis barrier. Our results contradict the current paradigm that apoptosis is the major testis regression effector in vertebrates, as it is clearly not true in all mammals. The new testis regression mechanism described here for the mole could then be generalized to other mammalian species. Available data from some previously studied mammals should be reevaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh K Dadhich
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
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19
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Cruceño AM, de Rosas JC, Fóscolo M, Chaves EM, Scardapane L, Dominguez S, Aguilera-Merlo C. Effects of Photoperiod on Epididymal and Sperm Morphology in a Wild Rodent, the Viscacha (Lagostomus maximus maximus). ISRN ANATOMY 2012; 2013:128921. [PMID: 25969823 PMCID: PMC4403560 DOI: 10.5402/2013/128921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Accepted: 09/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The viscacha (Lagostomus maximus maximus) is a seasonal South American wild rodent. The adult males exhibit an annual reproductive cycle with periods of maximum and minimum gonadal activity. Four segments have been identified in the epididymis of this species: initial, caput, corpus, and cauda. The main objective of this work was to relate the seasonal morphological changes observed in the epididymal duct with the data from epididymal sperm during periods of activity and gonadal regression using light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Under light and electron microscopy, epididymal corpus and cauda showed marked seasonal variations in structural parameters and in the distribution of different cellular populations of epithelium. Initial and caput segments showed mild morphological variations between the two periods. Changes in epididymal sperm morphology were observed in the periods analyzed and an increased number of abnormal gametes were found during the regression period. During this period, anomalies were found mainly in the head, midpiece, and neck, while in the activity period, defects were found only in the head. Our results confirm that the morphological characteristics of the epididymal segments, as well as sperm morphology, undergo significant changes during the reproductive cycle of Lagostomus.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Cruceño
- Cátedra de Histología, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Avenida Ejército de Los Andes 950-No. 2 Piso, 5700 San Luis, Argentina
| | - J C de Rosas
- Instituto de Histología y Embriología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo CONICET, Mendoza 5500, Argentina
| | - M Fóscolo
- Instituto de Histología y Embriología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo CONICET, Mendoza 5500, Argentina
| | - E M Chaves
- Cátedra de Histología, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Avenida Ejército de Los Andes 950-No. 2 Piso, 5700 San Luis, Argentina
| | - L Scardapane
- Cátedra de Histología, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Avenida Ejército de Los Andes 950-No. 2 Piso, 5700 San Luis, Argentina
| | - S Dominguez
- Cátedra de Histología, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Avenida Ejército de Los Andes 950-No. 2 Piso, 5700 San Luis, Argentina
| | - C Aguilera-Merlo
- Cátedra de Histología, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Avenida Ejército de Los Andes 950-No. 2 Piso, 5700 San Luis, Argentina
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20
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Cellular associations of pituitary gonadotrophs in a rodent (Lagostomus maximus maximus) with photoperiod-dependent reproduction. Tissue Cell 2012; 44:351-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2012.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2011] [Revised: 05/17/2012] [Accepted: 05/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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21
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Islam MN, Tsukahara N, Sugita S. Apoptosis-mediated seasonal testicular regression in the Japanese Jungle crow (Corvus macrorhynchos). Theriogenology 2012; 77:1854-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2012.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2010] [Revised: 01/05/2012] [Accepted: 01/06/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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22
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Chaves EM, Aguilera-Merlo C, Cruceño A, Fogal T, Piezzi R, Scardapane L, Dominguez S. Seasonal Morphological Variations and Age-Related Changes of the Seminal Vesicle of Viscacha (Lagostomus maximus maximus): An Ultrastructural and Immunohistochemical Study. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2012; 295:886-95. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.22434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2011] [Revised: 01/10/2012] [Accepted: 01/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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23
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Acosta M, Mohamed F. Effect of the photoperiod and administration of melatonin on folliculostellate cells of the pituitary pars distalis of adult male viscacha (Lagostomus maximus maximus). Acta Histochem 2011; 113:640-6. [PMID: 20828800 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2010.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2010] [Revised: 08/10/2010] [Accepted: 08/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Numerous reports have shown the effect of photoperiod and melatonin administration on the different hormone secreting cell types in the pituitary pars distalis. The viscacha (Lagostomus maximus maximus) is a rodent with photoperiod-dependent seasonal reproduction. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of photoperiod seasonal variations and melatonin administration on the folliculostellate cells in pituitary pars distalis of viscacha. Immunohistochemistry and image analysis were used to measure the percentage of S-100-positive area (total, cellular and colloidal) and the number of folliculostellate cells. The S-100 protein was immunolocalized at intracellular (folliculostellate cells) and extracellular (follicular colloid) levels. The morphometric parameters analyzed exhibited seasonal variations with highest values in the summer (long photoperiod) and lowest values in the winter (short photoperiod). The administration of melatonin caused a significant decrease of immunostaining. Results suggest that the natural photoperiod might be the most important environmental signal causing the decrease in folliculostellate cells immunostaining observed in the winter. These findings agree with seasonal changes previously reported in endocrine cells and suggest that folliculostellate cells may be involved in the paracrine regulation of the secretory activity of pituitary pars distalis through S-100 protein production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariano Acosta
- Cátedra de Histología, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, San Luis, Argentina
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24
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Germ cell differentiation and proliferation in the developing testis of the South American plains viscacha, Lagostomus maximus (Mammalia, Rodentia). ZYGOTE 2011; 20:219-27. [PMID: 21554773 DOI: 10.1017/s0967199411000128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Cell proliferation and cell death are essential processes in the physiology of the developing testis that strongly influence the normal adult spermatogenesis. We analysed in this study the morphometry, the expression of the proliferation cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), cell pluripotency marker OCT-4, germ cell marker VASA and apoptosis in the developing testes of Lagostomus maximus, a rodent in which female germ line develops through abolished apoptosis and unrestricted proliferation. Morphometry revealed an increment in the size of the seminiferous cords with increasing developmental age, arising from a significant increase of PCNA-positive germ cells and a stable proportion of PCNA-positive Sertoli cells. VASA showed a widespread cytoplasmic distribution in a great proportion of proliferating gonocytes that increased significantly at late development. In the somatic compartment, Leydig cells increased at mid-development, whereas peritubular cells showed a stable rate of proliferation. In contrast to other mammals, OCT-4 positive gonocytes increased throughout development reaching 90% of germ cells in late-developing testis, associated with a conspicuous increase in circulating FSH from mid- to late-gestation. TUNEL analysis was remarkable negative, and only a few positive cells were detected in the somatic compartment. These results show that the South American plains viscacha displays a distinctive pattern of testis development characterized by a sustained proliferation of germ cells throughout development, with no signs of apoptosis cell demise, in a peculiar endocrine in utero ambiance that seems to promote the increase of spermatogonial number as a primary direct effect of FSH.
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25
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Flamini MA, Díaz AO, Barbeito CG, Portiansky EL. Morphology, morphometry, histochemistry and lectin histochemistry of the vagina of the plains viscacha (Lagostomus maximus). Biotech Histochem 2011; 87:81-94. [DOI: 10.3109/10520295.2010.518497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- MA Flamini
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Veterinary Sciences, National University of La Plata
| | - AO Díaz
- Department of Biology, School of Exact and Natural Sciences, National University of Mar del Plata
| | - CG Barbeito
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Veterinary Sciences, National University of La Plata
- Department of Biology, School of Exact and Natural Sciences, National University of Mar del Plata
- Institute of Pathology, School of Veterinary Sciences, National University of La Plata,
Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - EL Portiansky
- Institute of Pathology, School of Veterinary Sciences, National University of La Plata,
Buenos Aires, Argentina
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26
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Filippa V, Mohamed F. The pituitary of non-pregnant and pregnant viscachas (Lagostomus maximus maximus): a comparative study by immunohistochemistry and morphometric analysis. ZOOLOGY 2010; 113:361-72. [PMID: 20970970 DOI: 10.1016/j.zool.2010.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2010] [Revised: 07/14/2010] [Accepted: 08/12/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The neuroendocrine hypothalamic-pituitary axis undergoes morphological and biochemical changes throughout gestation. In viscacha, pregnancy lasts approximately 154 days, and three stages can be described: early, mid- and late pregnancy. The aim of this work was to study the pituitary LH-gonadotrophs, FSH-gonadotrophs, somatotrophs, corticotrophs and thyrotrophs of non-pregnant and pregnant adult viscachas by immunohistochemistry and morphometric analysis. Immunopositive percentage area (%IA), cell percentage in the pars distalis (%PDC), number of cells per reference area (n°cell/RA), and major cellular (MCD) and nuclear (ND) diameters were analyzed. The different cell populations showed a well-defined morphology, immunolabeling patterns and regionalization in the pars distalis (PD). In the early pregnancy of animals the morphometric analysis demonstrated that %IA, %PDC and n°cell/RA increased in the FSH-gonadotrophs and decreased in the somatotrophs in relation to non-pregnant animals. In mid-pregnancy, there was an increase in %IA, %PDC, and n°cell/RA of LH-gonadotrophs, FSH-gonadotrophs, somatotrophs, and thyrotrophs. The MCD of LH-gonadotrophs and FSH-gonadotrophs increased. In late pregnancy, the %IA, %PDC and n°cell/RA of LH-gonadotrophs, FSH-gonadotrophs, somatotrophs and corticotrophs decreased whereas the values of the thyrotrophs remained constant. The MCD of LH-gonadotrophs, FSH-gonadotrophs and corticotrophs decreased. No significant changes were observed in the ND of the studied cell types. In conclusion, this work provides evidence for histological and morphometric changes in the different cell types of the pituitary PD in viscachas during pregnancy, probably according to the requirements of this physiological stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Filippa
- Cátedra de Histología, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Av. Ejército de los Andes 950-Bloque I, 1° Piso, 5700 San Luis, Argentina
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27
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Chaves EM, Aguilera-Merlo C, Filippa V, Mohamed F, Dominguez S, Scardapane L. Anatomical, Histological and Immunohistochemical Study of the Reproductive System Accessory Glands in Male Viscacha (Lagostomus maximus maximus). Anat Histol Embryol 2010; 40:11-20. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0264.2010.01032.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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28
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Romera EP, Mohamed F, Fogal T, Dominguez S, Piezzi R, Scardapane L. Effect of the photoperiod and administration of melatonin on the pars tuberalis of viscacha (Lagostomus maximus maximus): an ultrastructural study. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2010; 293:871-8. [PMID: 20432374 DOI: 10.1002/ar.21083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The pituitary pars tuberalis (PT) is a glandular zone exhibiting well-defined structural characteristics. Morphologically, it is formed by specific secretory cells, folliculostellate cells, and migratory cells coming from the pars distalis. The purpose of this work was to investigate differences in specific cellular characteristics in the PT of viscachas captured in summer (long photoperiod) and winter (short photoperiod), as well as the effects of chronic melatonin administration in viscachas captured in summer and kept under long photoperiod. In summer, the PT-specific cells exhibited cell-like characteristics with an important secretory activity and a moderate amount of glycogen. In winter, the PT-specific granulated cells showed ultrastructural variations with signs of a reduced synthesis activity. Also, PT showed a high amount of glycogen and a great number of cells in degeneration. After melatonin administration, the ultrastructural characteristics were similar to those observed in winter, but the amount of glycogen was higher. These results suggest possible functional implications as a result of morphological differences between long and short photoperiods, and are in agreement with the variations of the pituitary-gonadal axis, probably in response to the natural photoperiod changes through the pineal melatonin. The ultrastructural differences observed in PT, after melatonin administration, were similar to those observed in the short photoperiod, thus supporting the hypothesis that these cytological changes are induced by melatonin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edith Perez Romera
- Cátedra de Anatomía Humana, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, San Luis, Argentina.
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29
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Acosta M, Filippa V, Mohamed F. Folliculostellate cells in pituitary pars distalis of male viscacha: immunohistochemical, morphometric and ultrastructural study. Eur J Histochem 2010; 54:e1. [PMID: 20353904 PMCID: PMC3167288 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2010.e1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2009] [Accepted: 12/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Folliculostellate cells (FSC) have been reported in pituitary of several mammalian species. FSC morphology and secreted substances have been instrumental to the understanding of their function. The purpose of this work was to perform an immunohistochemical, morphometric and ultrastructural study of the pituitary pars distalis FSC in adult male viscacha and to analyze their relation with hormone secreting cells. Immunohistoche-mistry and image analysis were carried out in different sectors of the gland, from the middle (sector 1) to the glandular periphery (sector 5). Transmission electron microscopy with lanthanum as electrodense tracer was used. FSC formed follicles with PAS-positive colloid inside. They expressed S-100 protein mainly in both nucleus and cytoplasm. FSC were stellate-like in shape and exhibited short cytoplasmic processes that contacted with blood vessels and endocrine cells. In addition, some follicular colloids were immunostained with anti-S-100 protein. A few FSC were immunostained with anti-glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and anti-vimentin. The morphometric parameters analyzed (percentages of S-100-positive total, cellular and colloidal areas) increased from sector 1 to sector 3 and then decreased to sector 5. Hormone secreting cells, mainly lactotrophs, gonadotrophs and corticotrophs were associated with FSC and follicles. The ultrastructural study demonstrated that FSC developed junctional complexes and desmosomes between their lateral membranes. Lanthanum freely penetrated the spaces between granulated cells and FSC, but did not penetrate into the follicular lumen. IN CONCLUSION 1) the differential expression of S-100 protein, GFAP and vimentin may indicate different physiological stages of FSC; 2) the expression of these proteins suggests a neuroectodermic origin of these cells; 3) FSC spatial distribution, association with endocrine cells, and the generation of an intercellular communication network suggest that FSC are involved in the pituitary pars distalis paracrine regulation of the viscacha.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariano Acosta
- Cátedra de Histología y Embriología, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, San Luis, Argentina
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Filippa V, Mohamed F. Morphological and Morphometric Changes of Pituitary Lactotrophs of Viscacha (Lagostomus maximus maximus) in Relation to Reproductive Cycle, Age, and Sex. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2009; 293:150-61. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.21013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Aguilera-Merlo C, Fogal T, Sator T, Dominguez S, Sosa M, Scardapane L, Piezzi R. Ultrastructural and biochemical seasonal changes in epididymal corpus and cauda of viscacha (Lagostomus maximus maximus). J Morphol 2009; 270:805-14. [DOI: 10.1002/jmor.10718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Calderón C, Fuentes L, Muñoz E, M⊘ller M, Pelzer L. Daily rhythms of norepinephrine, β1-adrenoceptor mRNA, serotonin, arylalkylamineN-acetyltransferase mRNA, arylalkylamineN-acetyltransferase and hydroxyindol-O-methyltransferase activities, and melatonin in the pineal gland of viscacha. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/09291010701324715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Fuentes LB, Calderón CP, García Aseff SB, Muñoz EM, M⊘ller M, Pelzer LE. Effect of lithium on the melatonin production in the pineal gland of viscacha. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/09291010701292086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Filippa V, Mohamed F. Immunohistochemical and Morphometric Study of Pituitary Pars Distalis Thyrotrophs of Male Viscacha (Lagostomus maximus maximus): Seasonal Variations and Effect of Melatonin and Castration. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2008; 291:400-9. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.20671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Jenkins LK, Ross WL, Young KA. Increases in apoptosis and declines in Bcl-XL protein characterise testicular regression in American crows (Corvus brachyrhynchos). Reprod Fertil Dev 2007; 19:461-9. [PMID: 17394794 PMCID: PMC4386905 DOI: 10.1071/rd06079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2006] [Accepted: 01/21/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the cellular changes observed during testicular regression in American crows. Testes from adults caught during the early (March), progressing (April), peak (early May), transitional (late May), and post- (June) breeding season were examined. Apoptosis was assessed by in situ terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labelling (TUNEL) and Bcl-X(L) protein immunolabelling. Testis mass increased two-fold from March to early May (P < 0.05), then declined 19-fold by June (P < 0.001) without corresponding changes in body mass (P > 0.05). Testicular activity, evaluated using a spermatogenic index, increased nearly two-fold from March to early May and declined nine-fold in June (P < 0.001). Seminiferous tubule diameter declined four-fold in June compared with earlier months (P < 0.001). In all testes, TUNEL-positive germ cells were detected at low levels, with the highest levels observed in late May (P < 0.001). In contrast, TUNEL-positive Sertoli cells were maintained at low levels in March-April and increased nine-fold in early May (P < 0.001). The Bcl-X(L) immunostaining was detected in Sertoli cells in March-early May; however, staining was most intense in March-April and substantially weaker by early May. These data suggest that the seasonal rise in testicular competence occurs slowly in American crows; however, testis function is terminated rapidly after the breeding season. Furthermore, it is likely that Sertoli cell apoptosis followed by massive germ cell loss is responsible for the rapid reduction in testis mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luwanda K. Jenkins
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA 90840, USA
| | - Wallace L. Ross
- Predator Management, California Department of Fish and Game, San Diego, CA 92123, USA
| | - Kelly A. Young
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA 90840, USA
- Corresponding author.
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Filippa V, Mohamed F. Immunohistochemical study of somatotrophs in pituitary pars distalis of male viscacha (Lagostomus maximus maximus) in relation to the gonadal activity. Cells Tissues Organs 2007; 184:188-97. [PMID: 17409745 DOI: 10.1159/000099626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/21/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Somatotrophs were identified and quantified in pituitary pars distalis of male viscachas (Lagostomus maximus maximus) during the annual reproductive cycle, after the administration of melatonin, after castration and in different growth stages by immunohistochemistry and morphometric analysis. In adult male viscachas, the somatotrophs were distributed throughout the pars distalis during the reproductive cycle. They were oval, pyramidal or round in shape with a large round nucleus. The percentage immunopositive area, the major cellular diameter and the number of cells decreased during the gonadal regression period in relation to the values found in the reproductive period. The administration of melatonin did not provoke any variations of the morphometric parameters studied. On the contrary, a significant decrease in the percentage immunopositive area, in the major cellular diameter and in the number of somatotrophs in castrated viscachas was observed. The study of different growth stages showed that these morphometric parameters increased from immature to adult animals in the reproductive period. The results obtained suggested that the variations of the morphometric parameters of somatotrophs are more related to the gonadal development and activity than to a direct effect of melatonin.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Filippa
- Cátedra de Histología y Embriología, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, San Luis, Argentina.
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Gil E, Forneris M, Domínguez S, Penissi A, Fogal T, Piezzi RS, Scardapane L. Morphological and Endocrine Study of the Ovarian Interstitial Tissue of Viscacha (Lagostomus maximus maximus). Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2007; 290:788-94. [PMID: 17530627 DOI: 10.1002/ar.20556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The morphological and endocrine aspects of the ovarian interstitial tissue of adult female viscachas were investigated to establish the probable function and the biological significance of this compartment in this rodent. Pregnant and nonpregnant adult female viscachas were used. The histological characteristics, histochemical properties, and ultrastructural features of the interstitial tissue were studied. A morphometric study was carried out to measure the relative area of lipid droplets. The progesterone and androstenedione levels in ovarian tissue as well as in serum were determined by radioimmunoassay. In this species, the histological observations showed an abundant interstitial tissue that contained a large amount of lipids. The cholesterol and its esters were present in nonpregnant females and were scarce in pregnant animals. The most ultrastructural differences were observed at mid-pregnancy. At this stage, the interstitial cells showed features that suggested higher steroidogenic activity. Furthermore, during mid-pregnancy, the relative area of lipid droplets was smaller. Both progesterone and androstenedione levels in ovarian tissue and serum were higher during pregnancy. Our results suggest that the interstitial tissue may be storage of precursor substances for the steroidogenesis via. These precursors are probably used when the endocrine requirements are high, that is, during the pregnancy. Thus, this compartment may contribute to the normal gestation of Lagostomus. However, the relation between the interstitial tissue and the pregnancy is complex, and further studies are needed to clearly establish it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban Gil
- Area de Morfología, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, San Luis, Argentina.
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Filippa V, Mohamed F. ACTH cells of pituitary pars distalis of viscacha (Lagostomus maximus maximus): immunohistochemical study in relation to season, sex, and growth. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2006; 146:217-25. [PMID: 16466724 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2005.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2005] [Revised: 10/25/2005] [Accepted: 11/21/2005] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Corticotrope or ACTH cells were immunohistochemically identified in the pituitary pars distalis (PD) of viscacha by using the polyclonal antiserum against ACTH (1-24). The localization, distribution, shape, percentage immunopositive area, and major cellular and nuclear diameters of these cells were analyzed by image analysis in adult male viscachas captured in their natural habitat during the year and after the chronic administration of melatonin. The same parameters were analyzed in immature male and adult female viscachas. ACTH cells in adult males were mainly localized in the dorsal and cephalic regions of PD. They were isolated, forming small groups and in contact with follicular structures and blood vessels. They were pleomorphic, with some of them being polygonal, oval, round, and others, stellate with cytoplasmic extensions. The percentage immunopositive area and the major cellular diameter showed seasonal variations with lower values during June and July (early winter). A decrease in the percentage immunopositive area was observed after the administration of melatonin in adult male animals. ACTH cells of immature animals differed from the adults' cells in their distribution, shape, pattern of immunolabeling, and percentage immunopositive area. These parameters in adult females did not vary in relation to adult males at the same time of the year although. However, the cells in females were smaller in size during April-May. In pregnant viscachas (June-July), these parameters did not show significant differences with the results of non-pregnant females (April-May). This suggests that the environmental stressors do not exert the same influence on the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis in adult male and female viscachas, probably due to the physiological changes caused by pregnancy. Our results in adult male viscacha demonstrate that the morphology of the ACTH cells varies according to the different seasonal conditions, thus participating in the adaptation process of this rodent to the environment. The elevated levels of melatonin during winter months might inhibit the synthesis of ACTH, probably when affecting some secretagogue of this pituitary hormone. Moreover, the morphological variations observed between adult and immature male viscachas and between both sexes suggest that the steroid gonadal hormones might act on the development and activity of ACTH cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Filippa
- Cátedra de Histología y Embriología, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Av. Ejército de los Andes 950-2 Piso (5700) San Luis, Argentina
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Aguilera-Merlo C, Muñoz E, Dominguez S, Scardapane L, Piezzi R. Epididymis of viscacha (Lagostomus maximus maximus): morphological changes during the annual reproductive cycle. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 282:83-92. [PMID: 15622516 DOI: 10.1002/ar.a.20144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about morphological changes in the epididymis in relation to the natural photoperiod or their influence on sperm maturation. The viscacha is a seasonal rodent living in the Southern Hemisphere. The adult males exhibit an annual reproductive cycle with periods of maximum gonadal activity and gonadal regression. In this work, we studied seasonal variations in the morphology and cellular population of the epididymis during both periods, and we compared these results with those recorded at the testicular level. Epididymides were removed and studied by light microscopy. Measurements of luminal diameter, epithelial height, thickness of the lamina propria, and relative cellular distribution were performed. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) or nonparametric ANOVA was used to compare the results. Striking quantitative and qualitative changes were observed. Epididymides in periods of gonadal regression showed a significant decrease in luminal diameter and epithelial height in cauda, while the thickness of the lamina propria increased. In the epididymal corpus, the number of clear cells increased, and the cytoplasm of principal cells showed numerous giant vacuoles. During the active period, the number of halo cells increased and the cytoplasm of these cells was filled with dense bodies. In conclusion, the epididymis of the viscacha exhibits important seasonal morphological changes throughout annual reproductive cycle. The epididymal corpus and cauda segments appeared to be the segments most sensitive to seasonal cyclical variations of the external environment. We therefore postulate that the epididymal morphology of the viscacha probably could be regulated by the natural photoperiod.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Aguilera-Merlo
- Cátedra de Histología y Embriología, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Av. Ejército de los Andes 950-2o Piso, 5700 San Luis, Argentina.
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Fuentes L, Muñoz EM, Aguilera Merlo C, Dominguez S, Scardapane L, Piezzi RS. Bilateral Enucleation and Captivity Influence the Reproductive Cycle of Male Viscacha (Lagostomus maximus maximus). Physiol Biochem Zool 2004; 77:321-31. [PMID: 15095252 DOI: 10.1086/378922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/19/2003] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The viscacha (Lagostomus maximus maximus) is a seasonal rodent living in the Southern Hemisphere. The adult males exhibit an annual reproductive cycle characterized by a gonadal regression period during winter. In this study, we investigated the effects of bilateral enucleation and captivity on their annual reproductive cycle. Testicular volume relative to body weight was recorded monthly in intact and bilaterally enucleated animals placed under natural photoperiod, water, and food ad lib. and constant temperature. Testes and accessory organs were evaluated by qualitative and quantitative light microscopic studies. The intact animals showed an annual reproductive cycle with complete gonadal atrophy in the first year. In the second year, testicular regression was observed but attenuated in regard to that recorded in the first winter period, indicating that adaptive changes might be involved. Bilateral enucleation in the viscacha dampened and extended the period of its annual reproductive cycle. The results suggest that both conditions, constant captivity and enucleation, produced stimulatory effects on the reproductive system of this rodent. Furthermore, local control mechanisms might be responsible for the morphological differences observed in testes, epididymis, and seminal vesicles from both groups, which exhibited similar levels of serum testosterone. Finally, an intact retinohypothalamic-pineal axis and/or photoperiodic input would be necessary to maintain the reproductive cycle amplitude and timing in viscacha.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Fuentes
- Area de Farmacología y Toxicología, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, 5700 San Luis, Argentina.
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Calderón C, Mohamed F, Muñoz E, Fogal T, Pelzer L, Penissi A, Piezzi R. Daily morphological variations in the viscacha (Lagostomus maximus maximus) retina. Probable local modulatory action of melatonin. THE ANATOMICAL RECORD 2002; 266:198-206. [PMID: 11920382 DOI: 10.1002/ar.10057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Given that the local melatonin levels exhibit rhythmic daily changes in the retina of the viscacha, we considered it important to study the likely daily variations in morphology and specific 2-[(125)I]-iodomelatonin binding in retinas from this rodent and to correlate these putative changes with local indole levels. Adult animals of both sexes were captured in their habitat and were kept under a natural photoperiod. For light and electron microscopic studies the viscachas were sacrificed by decapitation at 08:00, 16:00, and 24:00 hr. A computer-assisted image analysis system was used to measure the thickness of the complete retina, the photoreceptor layer, the rod outer and inner segments, and the outer nuclear layer. The daily variation in 2-[(125)I]-iodomelatonin binding sites was followed during a 24-hr light-dark cycle, the animals being sacrificed at six time points. The parameters studied showed significant variations throughout the 24-hr period. Maximal specific binding, lysosomal content in the pigment epithelium, and photoreceptor layer outer segment thicknesses were observed at 24:00 hr. Close contact between photoreceptor membranes and microvilli of the pigment epithelium was observed at 08:00 and 16:00 hr. Moreover, the minimal outer segment thickness at 16:00 hr was accompanied by a scarcity of dense bodies, such as lysosomes, a maximum dispersion of melanin pigment granules, and a minimum density of radioligand binding sites. Therefore, in the retina of the viscacha, we suggest that the interaction between melatonin and specific sites could be one of the factors or causes that participate in the regulation of the daily morphological changes observed in viscacha.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Calderón
- Farmacología, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Chacabuco y Pedernera, San Luis, Argentina.
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