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Facchin M, Gatto V, Samiolo R, Conca S, Santandrea D, Beghetto V. May 1,3,5-Triazine derivatives be the future of leather tanning? A critical review. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 345:123472. [PMID: 38320686 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Leather is produced by a multi-step process among which the tanning phase is the most relevant, transforming animal skin collagen into a stable, non-putrescible material used to produce a variety of different goods, for the footwear, automotive, garments, and sports industry. Most of the leather produced today is tanned with chromium (III) salts or alternatively with aldehydes or synthetic tannins, generating high environmental concern. Over the years, high exhaustion tanning systems have been developed to reduce the environmental impact of chromium salts, which nevertheless do not avoid the use of metals. Chrome-free alternatives such as aldehydes and phenol based synthetic tannins, are suffering from Reach restrictions due to their toxicity. Thus, the need for environmentally benign and economically sustainable tanning agents is increasingly urgent. In this review, the synthesis, use and tanning mechanism of a new class of tanning agents, 1,3,5-triazines derivatives, have been reported together with organoleptic, physical mechanical characteristics of tanned leather produced. Additionally environmental performance and economic data available for 1,3,5-triazines have been compared with those of a standard basic chromium sulphate tanning process, evidencing the high potentiality for sustainable, metal, aldehyde, and phenol free leather manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Facchin
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, University Ca' Foscari of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Mestre, Italy
| | - Vanessa Gatto
- Crossing S.r.l., Viale della Repubblica 193/b, 31100, Treviso, Italy
| | - Riccardo Samiolo
- Crossing S.r.l., Viale della Repubblica 193/b, 31100, Treviso, Italy
| | - Silvia Conca
- Crossing S.r.l., Viale della Repubblica 193/b, 31100, Treviso, Italy
| | - Domenico Santandrea
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, University Ca' Foscari of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Mestre, Italy
| | - Valentina Beghetto
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, University Ca' Foscari of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Mestre, Italy; Crossing S.r.l., Viale della Repubblica 193/b, 31100, Treviso, Italy; Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Reattività Chimiche e La Catalisi (CIRCC), Via C. Ulpiani 27, 70126, Bari, Italy.
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2
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Becht A, Frączyk J, Waśko J, Menaszek E, Kajdanek J, Miłowska K, Kolesinska B. Selection of collagen IV fragments forming the outer sphere of the native protein: Assessment of biological activity for regenerative medicine. J Pept Sci 2024; 30:e3537. [PMID: 37607826 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this research was to select the fragments that make up the outer layer of the collagen IV (COL4A6) protein and to assess their potential usefulness for regenerative medicine. It was expected that because protein-protein interactions take place via contact between external domains, the set of peptides forming the outer sphere of collagen IV will determine its interaction with other proteins. Cellulose-immobilized protein fragment libraries treated with polyclonal anti-collagen IV antibodies were used to select the peptides forming the outer sphere of collagen IV. In the first test, 33 peptides that strongly interacted with the polyclonal anti-collagen IV antibodies were selected from a library of non-overlapping fragments of collagen IV. The selected fragments of collagen IV (cleaved from the cellulose matrix) were tested for their cytotoxicity, their effects on cell viability and proliferation, and their impact on the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The studies used RAW 264.7 mouse macrophage cells and Hs 680.Tr human fibroblasts. PrestoBlue, ToxiLight™, and ToxiLight 100% Lysis Control assays were conducted. The viability of fibroblasts cultured with the addition of increasing concentrations of the peptide mix did not show statistically significant differences from the control. Fragments 161-170, 221-230, 721-730, 1331-1340, 1521-1530, and 1661-1670 of COL4A6 were examined for cytotoxicity against BJ normal human foreskin fibroblasts. None of the collagen fragments were found to be cytotoxic. Further research is underway on the potential uses of collagen IV fragments in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelika Becht
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
| | - Justyna Frączyk
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
| | - Joanna Waśko
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Menaszek
- Department of Cytobiology, Chair of Pharmacobiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Collegium Medicum, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jakub Kajdanek
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Miłowska
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Beata Kolesinska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
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3
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Boosting physical-mechanical properties of adipic acid/chitosan films by DMTMM cross-linking. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 209:2009-2019. [PMID: 35513101 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.04.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In this paper we present a novel strategy to easily prepare biodegradable chitosan derived films as new packaging systems. Combination of chitosan, adipic acid and 4-(4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-4-methyl-morpholinium chloride (DMTMM) allowed to obtain high-performing cross-linked films. Biobased glycerol was employed as plasticizer. An in-depth study was performed on ten different samples in order to evaluate the role of DMTMM as cross-linking agent. Experimental data showed that 15 wt% of DMTMM enhanced moisture content and moisture uptake (10.42% and 11.11%), water vapor permeability (0.13 10-7 g m-1 h-1 Pa-1) and good UV barrier properties. Additionally, 30 wt% of DMTMM significantly increased the tensile strength of films up to 83 MPa and elongation at break values reached 39.7%. Thermogravimetric, IR, XRD and SEM analysis confirmed that physical-mechanical properties of the obtained films were considerably improved, due to cross-linking by DMTMM, demonstrating promising properties for packaging applications.
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4
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Zhang FG, Chen Z, Tang X, Ma JA. Triazines: Syntheses and Inverse Electron-demand Diels-Alder Reactions. Chem Rev 2021; 121:14555-14593. [PMID: 34586777 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Triazines are an important class of six-membered aromatic heterocycles possessing three nitrogen atoms, resulting in three types of regio-isomers: 1,2,4-triazines (a-triazines), 1,2,3-triazines (v-triazines), and 1,3,5-triazines (s-triazines). Notably, the application of triazines as cyclic aza-dienes in inverse electron-demand Diels-Alder (IEDDA) cycloaddition reactions has been established as a unique and powerful method in N-heterocycle synthesis, natural product preparation, and bioorthogonal chemistry. In this review, we comprehensively summarize the advances in the construction of these triazines via annulation and ring-expansion reactions, especially emphasizing recent developments and challenges. The synthetic transformations of triazines are focused on IEDDA cycloaddition reactions, which have allowed access to a wide scope of heterocycles, including pyridines, carbolines, azepines, pyridazines, pyrazines, and pyrimidines. The utilization of triazine IEDDA reactions as key steps in natural product synthesis is also discussed. More importantly, a particular attention is paid on the bioorthogonal application of triazines in fast click ligation with various strained alkenes and alkynes, which opens a new opportunity for studying biomolecules in chemical biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fa-Guang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), and Tianjin Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science & Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China.,Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350207, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Chen
- College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), and Tianjin Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science & Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China.,Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350207, P. R. China
| | - Jun-An Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), and Tianjin Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science & Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China.,Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350207, P. R. China
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5
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Wang Z, Wang X, Wang P, Zhao J. Allenone-Mediated Racemization/Epimerization-Free Peptide Bond Formation and Its Application in Peptide Synthesis. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:10374-10381. [PMID: 34191506 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c04614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Allenone has been identified as a highly effective peptide coupling reagent for the first time. The peptide bond was formed with an α-carbonyl vinyl ester as the key intermediate, the formation and subsequent aminolysis of which proceed spontaneously in a racemization-/epimerization-free manner. The allenone coupling reagent not only is effective for the synthesis of simple amides and dipeptides but is also amenable to peptide fragment condensation and solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS). The robustness of the allenone-mediated peptide bond formation was showcased incisively by the synthesis of carfilzomib, which involved a rare racemization-/epimerization-free N to C peptide elongation strategy. Furthermore, the successful synthesis of the model difficult peptide ACP (65-74) on a solid support suggested that this method was compatible with SPPS. This method combines the advantages of conventional active esters and coupling reagents, while overcoming the disadvantages of both strategies. Thus, this allenone-mediated peptide bond formation strategy represents a disruptive innovation in peptide synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengning Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, Guangdong, P. R. China.,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Xuewei Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, Guangdong, P. R. China.,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Penghui Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, Guangdong, P. R. China.,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Junfeng Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, Guangdong, P. R. China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, Shaanxi, China.,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, Jiangxi, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
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6
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Sole R, Gatto V, Conca S, Bardella N, Morandini A, Beghetto V. Sustainable Triazine-Based Dehydro-Condensation Agents for Amide Synthesis. Molecules 2021; 26:E191. [PMID: 33401732 PMCID: PMC7795458 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26010191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional methods employed today for the synthesis of amides often lack of economic and environmental sustainability. Triazine-derived quaternary ammonium salts, e.g., 4-(4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-4-methylmorpholinium chloride (DMTMM(Cl)), emerged as promising dehydro-condensation agents for amide synthesis, although suffering of limited stability and high costs. In the present work, a simple protocol for the synthesis of amides mediated by 2-chloro-4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazine (CDMT) and a tert-amine has been described and data are compared to DMTMM(Cl) and other CDMT-derived quaternary ammonium salts (DMT-Ams(X), X: Cl- or ClO4-). Different tert-amines (Ams) were tested for the synthesis of various DMT-Ams(Cl), but only DMTMM(Cl) could be isolated and employed for dehydro-condensation reactions, while all CDMT/tert-amine systems tested were efficient as dehydro-condensation agents. Interestingly, in best reaction conditions, CDMT and 1,4-dimethylpiperazine gave N-phenethyl benzamide in 93% yield in 15 min, with up to half the amount of tert-amine consumption. The efficiency of CDMT/tert-amine was further compared to more stable triazine quaternary ammonium salts having a perchlorate counter anion (DMT-Ams(ClO4)). Overall CDMT/tert-amine systems appear to be a viable and more economical alternative to most dehydro-condensation agents employed today.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Sole
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Università Ca’ Foscari di Venezia, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venezia, Italy; (R.S.); (S.C.); (N.B.); (A.M.)
| | - Vanessa Gatto
- Crossing srl, Viale della Repubblica 193/b, 31100 Treviso, Italy;
| | - Silvia Conca
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Università Ca’ Foscari di Venezia, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venezia, Italy; (R.S.); (S.C.); (N.B.); (A.M.)
| | - Noemi Bardella
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Università Ca’ Foscari di Venezia, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venezia, Italy; (R.S.); (S.C.); (N.B.); (A.M.)
| | - Andrea Morandini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Università Ca’ Foscari di Venezia, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venezia, Italy; (R.S.); (S.C.); (N.B.); (A.M.)
| | - Valentina Beghetto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Università Ca’ Foscari di Venezia, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venezia, Italy; (R.S.); (S.C.); (N.B.); (A.M.)
- Crossing srl, Viale della Repubblica 193/b, 31100 Treviso, Italy;
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7
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Sole R, Agostinis L, Beghetto V, Conca S, Gatto V, Bardella N, Morandini A, Buranello C. Synthesis of Amidation Agents and Their Reactivity in Condensation Reactions. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2020. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1334-6916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
AbstractNowadays, the development of new approaches which smartly bypass the use of harsh reaction conditions and hazardous chemicals covers a pivotal role. In this research paper the synthesis, characterization, and application of novel libraries of triazine bis-quaternary ammonium salts, employed as coupling agents to produce amides is reported. Full characterization of the novel compounds by 1H and 13C NMR, FT-IR spectroscopy, ESI-HRMS, and elemental analysis is provided. Furthermore, a comparison in terms of activity of the preformed triazine compounds versus in situ formulations has been evaluated for the formation of amides in the presence of phenylethylamine and different aliphatic or aromatic acids. A possible correlation between the chemical structure of the triazine and their reactivity for the formation of the triazine bis-quaternary ammonium salts is also reported. Moreover, best performing condensation agents have been further tested for the cross-linking of collagen powder as possible wet white tanning systems, for sustainable and environmentally friendly leather tanning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Sole
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia
| | - Lodovico Agostinis
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia
| | - Valentina Beghetto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia
- Crossing s.r.l
| | - Silvia Conca
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia
| | - Vanessa Gatto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia
- Crossing s.r.l
| | - Noemi Bardella
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia
| | - Andrea Morandini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia
| | - Chiara Buranello
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia
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8
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Beghetto V, Gatto V, Conca S, Bardella N, Buranello C, Gasparetto G, Sole R. Development of 4-(4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-4-methyl-morpholinium chloride cross-linked carboxymethyl cellulose films. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 249:116810. [PMID: 32933659 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
First example of the use of 4-(4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-4-methyl-morpholinium chloride (DMTMM) as cross-linking agent for the development of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) films for food packaging is reported. Influence of different wt % of DMTMM and glycerol on the physical-mechanical properties of CMC films was investigated. The presence of DMTMM effectively improved moisture uptake, moisture content, water vapour permeability, water solubility of the films, oil resistance together with good biodegradability. Best compromise between high water resistance, vapour permeability and mechanical properties was accomplished with 5 wt % DMTMM and 50 wt % glycerol giving tensile strength and elongation at break of 52.25 ± 4.33 and 37.32 ± 2.04 respectively. DSC, TGA and SEM analysis further confirmed CMC cross-linking by DMTMM. All films prepared showed low opacity and high transparencies. Therefore, data reported show that DMTMM can efficiently cross-link CMC to produce films for food packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Beghetto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, Via Torino 155, 30170, Venezia, Italy; Crossing S.r.l., Viale della Repubblica 193/b, 31100, Treviso, Italy.
| | - Vanessa Gatto
- Crossing S.r.l., Viale della Repubblica 193/b, 31100, Treviso, Italy.
| | - Silvia Conca
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, Via Torino 155, 30170, Venezia, Italy.
| | - Noemi Bardella
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, Via Torino 155, 30170, Venezia, Italy.
| | - Chiara Buranello
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, Via Torino 155, 30170, Venezia, Italy.
| | - Giulia Gasparetto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, Via Torino 155, 30170, Venezia, Italy.
| | - Roberto Sole
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, Via Torino 155, 30170, Venezia, Italy.
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9
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Huy PH, Mbouhom C. Formamide catalyzed activation of carboxylic acids - versatile and cost-efficient amidation and esterification. Chem Sci 2019; 10:7399-7406. [PMID: 31489162 PMCID: PMC6713870 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc02126d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Formamide catalysis enables highly cost-efficient amide C–N and ester C–O bond formation through carboxylic acid chlorides as essential intermediates.
A novel, broadly applicable method for amide C–N and ester C–O bond formation is presented based on formylpyrrolidine (FPyr) as a Lewis base catalyst. Herein, trichlorotriazine (TCT), which is the most cost-efficient reagent for OH-group activation, was employed in amounts of ≤40 mol% with respect to the starting material (100 mol%). The new approach is distinguished by excellent cost-efficiency, waste-balance (E-factor down to 3) and scalability (up to >80 g). Moreover, high levels of functional group compatibility, which includes acid-labile acetals and silyl ethers, are demonstrated and even peptide C–N bonds can be formed. In comparison to reported amidation procedures using TCT, yields are considerably improved (for instance from 26 to 91%) and esterification is facilitated for the first time in synthetically useful yields. These significant enhancements are rationalized by activation by means of acid chlorides instead of less electrophilic acid anhydride intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter H Huy
- Saarland University , Institute of Organic Chemistry , P. O. Box 151150 , D-66041 Saarbruecken , Germany . https://www.peterhuylab.de/ ;
| | - Christelle Mbouhom
- Saarland University , Institute of Organic Chemistry , P. O. Box 151150 , D-66041 Saarbruecken , Germany . https://www.peterhuylab.de/ ;
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10
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Zhang F, Islam MS, Berry RM, Tam KC. β-Cyclodextrin-Functionalized Cellulose Nanocrystals and Their Interactions with Surfactants. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:2102-2110. [PMID: 31459458 PMCID: PMC6648498 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b02534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) forms a host-guest inclusion complex with many organic and amphiphilic compounds found in pharmaceutical, textile, cosmetic, food, and personal care systems. Therefore, grafting of β-CD onto a cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) offers a possible strategy to use functionalized CNC to complex with surface-active molecules. We have successfully grafted β-CD onto CNCs in a stepwise manner using cyanuric chloride as the linker. The structure of β-CD-grafted CNC (CNC-CD) was characterized by UV-vis and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and the grafting ratio of β-CD was determined by the phenolphthalein inclusion protocol. Ionic surfactants induced the aggregation of CNC-CDs by forming inclusion complexes with β-CDs on the surface of CNC. The interactions of amphiphilic compounds with CNC-CD were examined by surface tensiometry, conductometric and potentiometric titration, and isothermal titration calorimetry. Mechanisms describing the complex formation between surfactants and CNC-CD were proposed, where an improved understanding of CD interactions with surfactants and lipids would enable better strategies for drug encapsulation and delivery with CDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Zhang
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L
3G1, Canada
| | - Muhammad Shahidul Islam
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L
3G1, Canada
| | - Richard M. Berry
- CelluForce
Inc., 625, Président-Kennedy
Avenue, Montreal, Québec H3A 1K2, Canada
| | - Kam Chiu Tam
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L
3G1, Canada
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11
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Van Guyse JFR, Mees MA, Vergaelen M, Baert M, Verbraeken B, Martens PJ, Hoogenboom R. Amidation of methyl ester side chain bearing poly(2-oxazoline)s with tyramine: a quest for a selective and quantitative approach. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py00014c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Three new amidation approaches are evaluated to incorporate tyramine on methyl ester functional poly(2-oxazolines).
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim F. R. Van Guyse
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group
- Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC)
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Ghent University Krijgslaan 281 S4
- 9000 Ghent
| | - Maarten A. Mees
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group
- Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC)
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Ghent University Krijgslaan 281 S4
- 9000 Ghent
| | - Maarten Vergaelen
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group
- Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC)
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Ghent University Krijgslaan 281 S4
- 9000 Ghent
| | - Mathijs Baert
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group
- Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC)
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Ghent University Krijgslaan 281 S4
- 9000 Ghent
| | - Bart Verbraeken
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group
- Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC)
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Ghent University Krijgslaan 281 S4
- 9000 Ghent
| | - Penny J. Martens
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering
- UNSW Sydney
- Sydney 2052
- Australia
| | - Richard Hoogenboom
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group
- Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC)
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Ghent University Krijgslaan 281 S4
- 9000 Ghent
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12
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Sharma A, El-Faham A, de la Torre BG, Albericio F. Exploring the Orthogonal Chemoselectivity of 2,4,6-Trichloro-1,3,5-Triazine (TCT) as a Trifunctional Linker With Different Nucleophiles: Rules of the Game. Front Chem 2018; 6:516. [PMID: 30443543 PMCID: PMC6221914 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The study involves exploring the three orthogonal sites for aromatic nucleophilic substitution in cyanuric chloride (TCT). The preferential order of incorporation of different nucleophiles (such as alcohol, thiol, and amine) was addressed both experimentally and theoretically. The preferential order for incorporating nucleophiles in TCT was found to be alcohol > thiol > amine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamika Sharma
- KRISP, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Ayman El-Faham
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | | | - Fernando Albericio
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER-BBN, Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Barcelona Science Park, Barcelona, Spain
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13
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Soliman SM, El-Faham A, Elsilk SE, Farooq M. Two heptacoordinated manganese(II) complexes of giant pentadentate s -triazine bis -Schiff base ligand: Synthesis, crystal structure, biological and DFT studies. Inorganica Chim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2018.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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14
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Fraczyk J, Walczak M, Kaminski ZJ. New methodology for automated SPOT synthesis of peptides on cellulose using 1,3,5-triazine derivatives as linkers and as coupling reagents. J Pept Sci 2018; 24. [DOI: 10.1002/psc.3063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Fraczyk
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology; 90-924 Lodz Poland
| | - Małgorzata Walczak
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology; 90-924 Lodz Poland
| | - Zbigniew J. Kaminski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology; 90-924 Lodz Poland
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15
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Kumar A, Jad YE, de la Torre BG, El-Faham A, Albericio F. Re-evaluating the stability of COMU in different solvents. J Pept Sci 2017; 23:763-768. [DOI: 10.1002/psc.3024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Kumar
- School of Chemistry and Physics; University of KwaZulu-Natal; Durban 4001 South Africa
- School of Health Sciences; University of KwaZulu-Natal; Durban 4001 South Africa
| | - Yahya E. Jad
- School of Health Sciences; University of KwaZulu-Natal; Durban 4001 South Africa
| | - Beatriz G. de la Torre
- School of Health Sciences; University of KwaZulu-Natal; Durban 4001 South Africa
- School of Laboratory of Medicine and Medical Sciences; University of KwaZulu-Natal; Durban 4001 South Africa
| | - Ayman El-Faham
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science; King Saud University; PO Box 2455 Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science; Alexandria University; PO Box 426, Ibrahimia 12321 Alexandria Egypt
| | - Fernando Albericio
- School of Chemistry and Physics; University of KwaZulu-Natal; Durban 4001 South Africa
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science; King Saud University; PO Box 2455 Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia
- Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Barcelona; 08028 Barcelona Spain
- CIBER-BBN, Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine; Barcelona Science Park; Barcelona 08028 Spain
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16
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Pattarawarapan M, Jaita S, Phakhodee W. A convenient synthesis of 4-arylidene-2-phenyl-5(4H)-oxazolones under solvent-assisted grinding. Tetrahedron Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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17
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Pattarawarapan M, Jaita S, Wangngae S, Phakhodee W. Ultrasound-assisted synthesis of substituted guanidines from thioureas. Tetrahedron Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.02.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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18
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Pavelek L, Ladányi V, Nečas M, Vallová S, Wichterle K. Dioxouranium complexes with pentadentate s-triazine Schiff base ligands: Synthesis, crystal structure and optical properties. Polyhedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2016.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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19
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Wet-osot S, Phakhodee W, Pattarawarapan M. TCT-mediated synthesis of N-acylbenzotriazoles in aqueous media. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.10.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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20
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Zhang C, Liu SS, Sun B, Tian J. Practical Peptide Synthesis Mediated by a Recyclable Hypervalent Iodine Reagent and Tris(4-methoxyphenyl)phosphine. Org Lett 2015; 17:4106-9. [PMID: 26252539 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b02045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
6-(3,5-Bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H,4H-2aλ(3)-ioda-2,3-dioxacyclopenta[hi]indene-1,4-dione (p-BTFP-iodosodilactone, 1a) was synthesized and demonstrated to be an efficient hypervalent iodine(III) reagent for the synthesis of dipeptides from various standard amino acids, including sterically hindered amino acids, in good to high yields within 30 min in the presence of tris(4-methoxyphenyl)phosphine. In addition, the combined system of 1a/(4-MeOC6H4)3P was used to synthesize the pentapeptide leu-enkephalin in protected form. It is worth noting that 1a can be regenerated readily after reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Shan-Shan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Bo Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jun Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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21
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Duangkamol C, Jaita S, Wangngae S, Phakhodee W, Pattarawarapan M. Catalytic role of PPh3 and its polymer bound analog in the amidation of carboxylic acids mediated by 2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-triazine. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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22
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Yu B, Sun H, Xie Z, Zhang G, Xu LW, Zhang W, Gao Z. Privilege Ynone Synthesis via Palladium-Catalyzed Alkynylation of “Super-Active Esters”. Org Lett 2015; 17:3298-301. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b01466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, 199 South Chang’an Road, Xi’an 710119, China
| | - Huaming Sun
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, 199 South Chang’an Road, Xi’an 710119, China
| | - Zunyuan Xie
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, 199 South Chang’an Road, Xi’an 710119, China
| | - Guofang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, 199 South Chang’an Road, Xi’an 710119, China
| | - Li-Wen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, 199 South Chang’an Road, Xi’an 710119, China
| | - Weiqiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, 199 South Chang’an Road, Xi’an 710119, China
| | - Ziwei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, 199 South Chang’an Road, Xi’an 710119, China
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23
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Optimized triazine-mediated amidation for efficient and controlled functionalization of hyaluronic acid. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 116:42-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2013] [Revised: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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24
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Facile synthesis of N-acylbenzotriazoles from carboxylic acids mediated by 2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-triazine and triethylamine. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-014-1408-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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25
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Duangkamol C, Jaita S, Wangngae S, Phakhodee W, Pattarawarapan M. An efficient mechanochemical synthesis of amides and dipeptides using 2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-triazine and PPh3. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra10127a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A mechanochemical method for amidation of carboxylic acids and urethane-protected (Fmoc, Cbz, Boc) α-amino acids has been developed as a facile, efficient, and eco-friendly route toward amides and dipeptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuthamat Duangkamol
- Department of Chemistry
- Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Chiang Mai University
- Chiang Mai 50200
| | - Subin Jaita
- Department of Chemistry
- Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Chiang Mai University
- Chiang Mai 50200
| | - Sirilak Wangngae
- Department of Chemistry
- Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Chiang Mai University
- Chiang Mai 50200
| | - Wong Phakhodee
- Department of Chemistry
- Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Chiang Mai University
- Chiang Mai 50200
| | - Mookda Pattarawarapan
- Department of Chemistry
- Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Chiang Mai University
- Chiang Mai 50200
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26
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Kolesinska B, Rozniakowski KK, Fraczyk J, Relich I, Papini AM, Kaminski ZJ. The Effect of Counterion and Tertiary Amine on the Efficiency ofN-Triazinylammonium Sulfonates in Solution and Solid-Phase Peptide Synthesis. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201402862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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27
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Cherkupally P, Ramesh S, de la Torre BG, Govender T, Kruger HG, Albericio F. Immobilized coupling reagents: synthesis of amides/peptides. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2014; 16:579-601. [PMID: 25330282 DOI: 10.1021/co500126y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The primary idea of using immobilized reagents in organic synthetic chemistry is to simplify the downstream process, product workup and isolation, and therefore avoiding time-consuming and expensive chromatographic separations, which are intrinsic to every synthetic process. Numerous polymer-bounded reagents are commercially available and applicable to almost all kinds of synthetic chemistry conversions. Herein, we have covered all known supported-coupling reagents and bases which have had a great impact in amide/peptide bond formation. These coupling reagents have been used for the activation of a carboxyl moiety; thus generating an active acylating species that is ready to couple with an amine nucleophile liberating the amide/peptide and polymeric support which can be regenerated for reuse. This also addresses a large variety of anchored coupling reagents, additives, and bases that have only been employed in amide/peptide syntheses during the last six decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhakar Cherkupally
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit, School of Health Sciences, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Suhas Ramesh
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit, School of Health Sciences, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Beatriz G. de la Torre
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit, School of Health Sciences, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa
- School of Chemistry, Yachay Tech, Yachay City of Knowledge, 100119 Urcuqui, Ecuador
| | - Thavendran Govender
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit, School of Health Sciences, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Hendrik G. Kruger
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit, School of Health Sciences, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Fernando Albericio
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit, School of Health Sciences, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa
- School of Chemistry, Yachay Tech, Yachay City of Knowledge, 100119 Urcuqui, Ecuador
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine-Barcelona (IRB-Barcelona), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER-BBN, Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Barcelona Science Park, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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28
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Polovkovych SV, Karkhut AI, Marintsova NG, Lesyk RB, Zimenkovsky BS, Novikov VP. Synthesis of New Schiff Bases and Polycyclic Fused Thiopyranothiazoles Containing 4,6-Dichloro-1,3,5-Triazine Moiety. J Heterocycl Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Svyatoslav V. Polovkovych
- Department of Technology of Biologically Active Substances, Pharmacy and Biotechnology; National University “Lviv Polytechnic,” Bandera 12; Lviv 79013 Ukraine
| | - Andrew I. Karkhut
- Department of Technology of Biologically Active Substances, Pharmacy and Biotechnology; National University “Lviv Polytechnic,” Bandera 12; Lviv 79013 Ukraine
| | - Natalia G. Marintsova
- Department of Technology of Biologically Active Substances, Pharmacy and Biotechnology; National University “Lviv Polytechnic,” Bandera 12; Lviv 79013 Ukraine
| | - Roman B. Lesyk
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry; Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University; Pekarska 69 Lviv 79010 Ukraine
| | - Borys S. Zimenkovsky
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry; Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University; Pekarska 69 Lviv 79010 Ukraine
| | - Volodymyr P. Novikov
- Department of Technology of Biologically Active Substances, Pharmacy and Biotechnology; National University “Lviv Polytechnic,” Bandera 12; Lviv 79013 Ukraine
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29
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Ramu T, Prasanthi S, Mangarao N, Basha GM, Srinuvasarao R, Siddaiah V. A Simple and Straightforward Protocol to 3,5-Disubstituted 1,2,4-Oxadiazoles from Carboxylic Acids. CHEM LETT 2013. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.130187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tadikonda Ramu
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Foods, Drugs and Water, Andhra University
| | - Sarakula Prasanthi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Foods, Drugs and Water, Andhra University
| | - Nakka Mangarao
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Foods, Drugs and Water, Andhra University
| | | | | | - Vidavalur Siddaiah
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Foods, Drugs and Water, Andhra University
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30
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Thalluri K, Nadimpally KC, Chakravarty MP, Paul A, Mandal B. Ethyl 2-(tert-Butoxycarbonyloxyimino)-2-cyanoacetate (Boc-Oxyma) as Coupling Reagent for Racemization-Free Esterification, Thioesterification, Amidation and Peptide Synthesis. Adv Synth Catal 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201200645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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31
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Liang K, Chen Y. Elegant Chemistry to Directly Anchor Intact Saccharides on Solid Surfaces Used for the Fabrication of Bioactivity-Conserved Saccharide Microarrays. Bioconjug Chem 2012; 23:1300-8. [DOI: 10.1021/bc300142s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Liang
- Key Laboratory of
Analytical
Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Key Laboratory of
Analytical
Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Beijing 100190, China
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32
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Al-Warhi TI, Al-Hazimi HM, El-Faham A. Recent development in peptide coupling reagents. JOURNAL OF SAUDI CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jscs.2010.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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33
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman El-Faham
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona, Spain.
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34
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Jastrzabek KG, Subiros-Funosas R, Albericio F, Kolesinska B, Kaminski ZJ. 4-(4,6-di[2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy]-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-4-methylomorpholinium tetrafluoroborate. Triazine-based coupling reagents designed for coupling sterically hindered substrates. J Org Chem 2011; 76:4506-13. [PMID: 21495695 DOI: 10.1021/jo2002038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
4-(4,6-Di[2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy]-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-4-methylomorpholinium tetrafluoroborate (DFET/NMM/BF(4)) was prepared and used as a reagent for coupling sterically hindered substrates. The formation of the appropriate triazine "superactive" ester in a reaction of DFET/NMM/BF(4) with carboxylic acids was confirmed. The efficiency of the reagent has been studied in the synthesis of Leu-enkephaline pentapeptide carried out on a Fmoc-RinkAmide-AM-PS resin, by systematically modifying the -Gly-Gly- fragment for N-methyl or α,α-disubstituted residues and compared with the efficiency of classic aminium salt 2-(1H-benzotriazole-1-yl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyluronium tetrafluoroborate (TBTU) under a variety of reaction conditions. In syntheses of Aib-Aib (Aib: α-aminoisobutyric acid), MeVal-MeVal, and MeLeu-MeLeu, the considerably superior performance of enkephaline analogues was obtained for DFET/NMM/BF(4) relative to TBTU, regardless of reaction conditions. Analysis of the couplings involving triazine reagent suggests that factors controlling efficiency of coupling sterically hindered substrates are the structure of the leaving group permitting formation of the cyclic intermediate or cyclic transition state and the absence of strongly solvating solvents. It has to be considered as highly probable that the absence of strongly solvating milieu favors cyclic intermediates or the cyclic transition state. Arrangement of both components into the cyclic intermediate or cyclic transition state by accumulation of the geminal (vicinal) substituents effect (known as the Thorpe-Ingold effect) would compensate retardation of the coupling process caused by steric hindrance.
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35
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Al-Warhi TI, Al-Hazimi HMA, El-Faham A, Albericio F. Synthesis of 2-(4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazin-2-yloxyimino) derivatives: application in solution peptide synthesis. Molecules 2010; 15:9403-17. [PMID: 21173725 PMCID: PMC6259230 DOI: 10.3390/molecules15129403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2010] [Revised: 12/14/2010] [Accepted: 12/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A new class of 1,3,5-triazinyloxyimino derivatives were prepared, characterized and tested for reactivity in solution peptide synthesis. The new triazinyloxyimino derivatives failed to activate the carboxyl group during formation of peptide bonds, but gave the corresponding N-triazinyl amino acid derivatives as a major product. The oxyma (ethyl 2-cyano-2-(hydroxyimino)acetate) uronium salt was superior to other uronium salts in terms of racemization, while 2-chloro-4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazine (CDMT, 9) gave the best results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarfah I Al-Warhi
- Women Students-Medical Studies and Sciences Sections, Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia.
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Rode AB, Son SJ, Hong IS. An Efficient One-pot N-Acylation of Deoxy- and Ribo-cytidine Using Carboxylic Acids Activated in situ with 2-Chloro-4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazine. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2010. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2010.31.7.2061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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37
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Structure-activity relationship in binding ligands to library of artificial receptors: the search for biocompatible sensor. Bioelectrochemistry 2010; 80:2-9. [PMID: 20621567 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2010.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2010] [Revised: 04/30/2010] [Accepted: 06/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Structure-activity relationship (SAR) analysis was applied for studies of docking of colored ligands to library of artificial receptors formed by self-assembly of N-lipidated amino acids immobilised on the cellulose support. The studies show that the binding depends mainly on the structure of amino acid fragment but influence of N-lipidic fragment is less important.
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38
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El-Faham A, Albericio F. COMU: a third generation of uronium-type coupling reagents. J Pept Sci 2010; 16:6-9. [PMID: 19950108 DOI: 10.1002/psc.1204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
COMU is a third generation of uronium-type coupling reagent based on ethyl 2-cyano-2-(hydroxyimino)acetate (Oxyma) as well as a morpholino carbon skeleton. The presence of the morpholino group has a marked influence on the solubility, stability and reactivity of the reagent. COMU performed extremely well in the presence of only 1 equiv. of base, thereby confirming the effect of the hydrogen bond acceptor in the reaction. The by-products of COMU are water soluble and easily removed, making it an excellent choice of coupling reagent for solution-phase peptide synthesis. Finally, COMU shows a less hazardous safety profile than benzotriazole-based reagents, such as HATU and HBTU, which in addition exhibit unpredictable autocatalytic decompositions and therefore a higher risk of explosion. Furthermore, in contrast to benzotriazole-based reagents, COMU is significantly less likely to cause allergic reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman El-Faham
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona Science Park, Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028-Barcelona, Spain.
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Caron G, Ermondi G, Gariboldi M, Monti E, Gabano E, Ravera M, Osella D. The Relevance of Polar Surface Area (PSA) in Rationalizing Biological Properties of Severalcis-Diamminemalonatoplatinum(II) Derivatives. ChemMedChem 2009; 4:1677-85. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.200900224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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40
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El-Faham A, Funosas RS, Prohens R, Albericio F. COMU: A Safer and More Effective Replacement for Benzotriazole-Based Uronium Coupling Reagents. Chemistry 2009; 15:9404-16. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200900615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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41
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Fraczyk J, Malawska B, Kaminski ZJ. Application of a library of artificial receptors formed by the self-organization of N-lipidated peptides immobilized on cellulose in studying the effects of the incorporation of a fluorine atom. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 11:446-51. [PMID: 19368356 DOI: 10.1021/cc800213z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A library of artificial receptors formed by the self-organization of N-lipidated peptides attached to cellulose via m-aminophenylamino-1,3,5-triazine was used for docking pairs of small colorless N-phenylpiperazines with and without a fluorine atom in the phenyl ring. The interactions of guests with the receptors were visualized by using competitive adsorption-desorption of an appropriate reporter dye. Several library members demonstrated attributes characteristic of the detection of alterations in the guest structure caused by the substitution of one hydrogen atom with fluorine. Analysis of the binding pattern of N-phenylpiperazine derivatives showed two characteristic bonding patterns: one with stronger binding of fluorinated analogues and weaker binding of native phenyl substituted analogues by the most of the receptors studied and another one with stronger binding of native hydrogen substituted compounds and respectively weaker binding of fluorinated analogues of guest molecules by receptors with tryptophan inside the binding pocket.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Fraczyk
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Technical University of Łodz, Łodz, Poland
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Simpson DS, Lovell KM, Lozama A, Han N, Day VW, Dersch CM, Rothman RB, Prisinzano TE. Synthetic studies of neoclerodane diterpenes from Salvia divinorum: role of the furan in affinity for opioid receptors. Org Biomol Chem 2009; 7:3748-56. [PMID: 19707679 DOI: 10.1039/b905148a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Further synthetic modification of the furan ring of salvinorin A (1), the major active component of Salvia divinorum, has resulted in novel neoclerodane diterpenes with opioid receptor affinity and activity. A computational study has predicted 1 to be a reproductive toxicant in mammals and is suggestive that use of 1 may be associated with adverse effects. We report in this study that piperidine 21 and thiomorpholine 23 have been identified as selective partial agonists at kappa opioid receptors. This indicates that additional structural modifications of 1 may provide ligands with good selectivity for opioid receptors but with reduced potential for toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise S Simpson
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045-7582, USA
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Lebedev AY, Cheprakov AV, Sakadžić S, Boas DA, Wilson DF, Vinogradov SA. Dendritic phosphorescent probes for oxygen imaging in biological systems. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2009; 1:1292-304. [PMID: 20072726 PMCID: PMC2805241 DOI: 10.1021/am9001698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Oxygen levels in biological systems can be measured by the phosphorescence quenching method using probes with controllable quenching parameters and defined biodistributions. We describe a general approach to the construction of phosphorescent nanosensors with tunable spectral characteristics, variable degrees of quenching, and a high selectivity for oxygen. The probes are based on bright phosphorescent Pt and Pd complexes of porphyrins and symmetrically pi-extended porphyrins (tetrabenzoporphyrins and tetranaphthoporphyrins). pi-Extension of the core macrocycle allows tuning of the spectral parameters of the probes in order to meet the requirements of a particular imaging application (e.g., oxygen tomography versus planar microscopic imaging). Metalloporphyrins are encapsulated into poly(arylglycine) dendrimers, which fold in aqueous environments and create diffusion barriers for oxygen, making it possible to regulate the sensitivity and the dynamic range of the method. The periphery of the dendrimers is modified with poly(ethylene glycol) residues, which enhance the probe's solubility, diminish toxicity, and help prevent interactions of the probes with the biological environment. The probe's parameters were measured under physiological conditions and shown to be unaffected by the presence of biomacromolecules. The performance of the probes was demonstrated in applications, including in vivo microscopy of vascular pO(2) in the rat brain.
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44
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Cordero FM, Salvati M, Vurchio C, de Meijere A, Brandi A. Synthesis of α-Cyclopropyl-β-homoprolines. J Org Chem 2009; 74:4225-31. [DOI: 10.1021/jo9004684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Franca M. Cordero
- Department of Organic Chemistry “Ugo Schiff” and HeteroBioLab, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy, and Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie der Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Maria Salvati
- Department of Organic Chemistry “Ugo Schiff” and HeteroBioLab, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy, and Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie der Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Carolina Vurchio
- Department of Organic Chemistry “Ugo Schiff” and HeteroBioLab, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy, and Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie der Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Armin de Meijere
- Department of Organic Chemistry “Ugo Schiff” and HeteroBioLab, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy, and Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie der Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alberto Brandi
- Department of Organic Chemistry “Ugo Schiff” and HeteroBioLab, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy, and Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie der Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
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45
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Valeur E, Bradley M. Amide bond formation: beyond the myth of coupling reagents. Chem Soc Rev 2009; 38:606-31. [DOI: 10.1039/b701677h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1529] [Impact Index Per Article: 101.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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46
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Ebralidze II, Leitus G, Shimon LJ, Neumann R. Closed and open framework architectures in copper(II) complexes with triazine substituted N,N′-bis-pyridin-2-ylmethyl-ethane-1,2-diamine ligands. J Mol Struct 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2008.04.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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47
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Fraczyk J, Kaminski ZJ. Design, Synthesis, and Application of a Library of Supramolecular Structures Formed by N-Lipidated Peptides Immobilized on Cellulose. Artificial Receptors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 10:934-40. [DOI: 10.1021/cc800114n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Fraczyk
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Technical University of Lodz, Żeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Zbigniew J. Kaminski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Technical University of Lodz, Żeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
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Hermon T, Tshuva EY. Synthesis and Conformational Analysis of Constrained Ethylene-Bridged Bis(hydroxylamino-1,3,5-triazine) Compounds as Tetradentate Ligands; Structure of Rigid Dinuclear Ti(IV) Complex. J Org Chem 2008; 73:5953-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jo800966s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tal Hermon
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Edit Y. Tshuva
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904 Jerusalem, Israel
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Gabano E, Ravera M, Cassino C, Bonetti S, Palmisano G, Osella D. Stepwise assembly of platinum–folic acid conjugates. Inorganica Chim Acta 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2007.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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50
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El-Faham A, Albericio F. Morpholine-based immonium and halogenoamidinium salts as coupling reagents in Peptide synthesis1. J Org Chem 2008; 73:2731-7. [PMID: 18321124 DOI: 10.1021/jo702622c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Here we describe a new family of N-form immonium-type coupling reagents that differ in their carbocation skeleton structure. The N-methylpiperazine derivative failed to form immonium salts, while the thiomorpholine derivative did not give better results than the coupling reagents currently used. The presence of the morpholine had a marked influence on the solubility and stability as well as the reactivity of the reagent. Finally, the fluoroamidinium salt performed extremely well in the presence of only 1 equiv of base, thereby confirming the effect of the proton acceptor in the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman El-Faham
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona Science Park, Josep Samitier 1, 08028-Barcelona, Spain.
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