1
|
Jiang Q, Boulahia R, Zaïri F, Vozniak I, Qu Z, Gloaguen JM, Liu X. Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Severely Deformed Polypropylene in ECAE (Equal Channel Angular Extrusion) via Routes A and C. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14235287. [PMID: 36501678 PMCID: PMC9738858 DOI: 10.3390/polym14235287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE) is a solid-state extrusion process for modifying microstructures via severe plastic deformation without modifying the specimen cross section. In this study, changes in the microstructure and mechanical properties of polypropylene resulting from extrusion orientation route A (no rotation between extrusions) and extrusion orientation route C (a rotation of 180° between extrusions) are investigated using a 90° die-angle tooling outfitted with back pressure. Important differences are reported for the ECAE-induced deformation behavior between the two processing routes. A focus is made on the occurrence of heterogeneous plastic deformations (periodic shear banding and warping) for both routes and the control and inhibition of the plastic instabilities via regulated back pressure and ram velocity. Wide-angle X-ray scattering is carried out to characterize the structural evolution as a function of the processing conditions including route, extrusion velocity and BP application. The mechanical properties of the specimens machined from the ECAE pieces are examined under different loading paths including uniaxial tension/compression and simple shear. Full-field displacements converted to volumetric strains revealed the profound impacts of the processing route on the deformation mechanisms during tensile deformation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qifeng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Fluid and Power Machinery, Xihua University, Chengdu, 610039, China
- Correspondence: (Q.J.); (F.Z.)
| | - Ramdane Boulahia
- Laboratory of Advanced Mechanics, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene, Algiers 16111, Algeria
| | - Fahmi Zaïri
- Laboratoire de Génie Civil et géo-Environnement, Université de Lille, IMT Nord Europe, JUNIA, Université d’Artois, ULR 4515-LGCgE, 59000 Lille, France
- Correspondence: (Q.J.); (F.Z.)
| | - Iurii Vozniak
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, 90363 Lodz, Poland
| | - Zhengwei Qu
- International School of Business Management and Technology, 59100 Roubaix, France
| | - Jean-Michel Gloaguen
- Unité Matériaux et Transformations, Université de Lille, CNRS, INRAE, Centrale Lille, UMR 8207-UMET, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Xiaobing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Fluid and Power Machinery, Xihua University, Chengdu, 610039, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Voznyak A, Pogrebnyak A, Tsys O, Torina V. Solid-state extrusion of polymers using simple shear deformation. JOURNAL OF POLYMER ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/polyeng-2022-0108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The review considers the possibilities of new methods of solid-state extrusion of polymers based on the use of deformation schemes that include simple shear - equal-channel angular extrusion, equal-channel multi-angle extrusion and combined extrusion. Information on the evolution of the physico-mechanical properties of glassy, semi-crystalline polymers, polymer blends and composites is given.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Voznyak
- Kryvyi Rih State Pedagogical University , Gagarin av. 54, 50086 , Kryvyi Rih , Ukraine
| | - Andrei Pogrebnyak
- University of Customs and Finance , Vernadsky str. 2/4, 49000 , Dnipro , Ukraine
| | - Oleh Tsys
- Kryvyi Rih State Pedagogical University , Gagarin av. 54, 50086 , Kryvyi Rih , Ukraine
| | - Vlada Torina
- Kryvyi Rih State Pedagogical University , Gagarin av. 54, 50086 , Kryvyi Rih , Ukraine
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ullrich F, Singh SPV, McDonald S, Krueger A, Vera‐Sorroche J, Amirkhizi A, Masato D. Effect of strain rate on the mechanical properties of polycarbonate processed by compression and injection molding. POLYM ENG SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Ullrich
- Department of Plastics Engineering University of Massachusetts Lowell Lowell Massachusetts USA
| | | | - Sean McDonald
- Department of Plastics Engineering University of Massachusetts Lowell Lowell Massachusetts USA
| | - Alex Krueger
- Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Massachusetts Lowell Lowell Massachusetts USA
| | - Javier Vera‐Sorroche
- Department of Plastics Engineering University of Massachusetts Lowell Lowell Massachusetts USA
| | - Alireza Amirkhizi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Massachusetts Lowell Lowell Massachusetts USA
| | - Davide Masato
- Department of Plastics Engineering University of Massachusetts Lowell Lowell Massachusetts USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jang K. Probing toughness of polycarbonate (PC: ductile and brittle)/polypropylene (PP) blends and talc‐triggered PC/PP brittle composites with diverse impact fracture parameters. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.47110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Keon‐Soo Jang
- Department of Chemical and Material Engineering (Polymer)The University of Suwon Hwaseong 18323 Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wu X, Pu L, Xu Y, Shi J, Liu X, Zhong Z, Luo SN. Deformation of high density polyethylene by dynamic equal-channel-angular pressing. RSC Adv 2018; 8:22583-22591. [PMID: 35539702 PMCID: PMC9081456 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra03366h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of high strain rate and large shear deformation on the orientation of crystallites in high density polyethylene (HDPE) was investigated with dynamic equal-channel-angular pressing (D-ECAP). The HDPE samples were processed by two loading routes, route A and route C. Grid lines were used to obtain macroscopic strain distributions, which were substantiated by finite element modeling. Owing to the strain rate effect, the number of D-ECAP processing passes has a minor effect on the shear strain accumulations compared to ECAP. D-ECAP leads to a decrease in the thickness of the crystalline stem, and the crystallinity. After route-A or route-C D-ECAP processing, a new monoclinic phase emerges, and two types of crystallographic c-axis orientations appear: the crystallographic c-axis is approximately parallel to the flow direction (FD), or is tilted at approximately 55° clockwise away from FD. However, only one type of crystallographic c-axis orientation is detected after 2 passes of route-C D-ECAP. It is viable to utilize D-ECAP to control the structure and orientation of crystalline polymers, as a complement to ECAP and other processing techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangji Wu
- The Peac Institute of Multiscale Sciences Chengdu Sichuan 610031 People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Pu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu Sichuan 610031 People's Republic of China
| | - Yunfei Xu
- The Peac Institute of Multiscale Sciences Chengdu Sichuan 610031 People's Republic of China
| | - Jinchun Shi
- The Peac Institute of Multiscale Sciences Chengdu Sichuan 610031 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyi Liu
- The Peac Institute of Multiscale Sciences Chengdu Sichuan 610031 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengye Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu Sichuan 610031 People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Nian Luo
- The Peac Institute of Multiscale Sciences Chengdu Sichuan 610031 People's Republic of China .,Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu Sichuan 610031 People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang TL, Tang SC, Chen JD. Microstructural Evolution and Its Effect on Mechanical Properties of Isotactic Polypropylene by Shear Plastic Deformation at Elevated Temperatures. J MACROMOL SCI B 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/10926771.2015.1081119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
7
|
Beloshenko VA, Voznyak AV, Voznyak YV. Effects of equal-channel, multiple-angular extrusion on the physical and mechanical properties of glassy polymers. J Appl Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/app.42180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Victor A. Beloshenko
- Department of Technological Studies of Hydroextrusion Processes; A. A. Galkin Donetsk Institute for Physics and Engineering, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine; R. Luxemburg 72 Donetsk 83114 Ukraine
| | - Andrei V. Voznyak
- Department of Technological Studies of Hydroextrusion Processes; A. A. Galkin Donetsk Institute for Physics and Engineering, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine; R. Luxemburg 72 Donetsk 83114 Ukraine
| | - Yuri V. Voznyak
- Polymer Physics Department; Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences; Sienkiewicza 112, Lodz 90-363 Poland
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Xia Z, Trexler M, Wu F, Jean YC, Van Horn JD. Free-volume hole relaxation in molecularly oriented glassy polymers. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2014; 89:022603. [PMID: 25353498 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.89.022603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The free-volume hole relaxation in polycarbonate and poly(methyl methacrylate) with different levels of molecular orientation was studied by positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy at variable pressures. The molecular orientation was achieved through a simple shear process performed at different temperatures and extrusion rates. It has been demonstrated that the β relaxation is largely responsible for the free-volume hole anisotropy after simple shear orientation. Upon the removal of mechanical force, the deformation of the free volume is mostly reversible at temperatures much lower than the glass transition. No strong correlation between macroscopic deformation and the free-volume hole deformation was found regardless of molecular orientation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Xia
- The Johns Hopkins University, Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, Maryland 20723, USA
| | - Morgana Trexler
- The Johns Hopkins University, Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, Maryland 20723, USA
| | - Fei Wu
- University of Missouri-Kansas City, Department of Chemistry, Kansas City, Missouri 64110, USA
| | - Yan-Ching Jean
- University of Missouri-Kansas City, Department of Chemistry, Kansas City, Missouri 64110, USA
| | - J David Van Horn
- University of Missouri-Kansas City, Department of Chemistry, Kansas City, Missouri 64110, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
|
10
|
Li H, Huang C, Huang X. Structure and properties of polypropylene/high-density polyethylene blends by solid equal channel angular extrusion. J Appl Polym Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/app.39759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry; Guangdong University of Technology; No. 100 Waihuan Xi Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Panyu District Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Chengya Huang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510641 China
| | - Xun Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Sun-Yat Sen University; Guangzhou 510275 China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Beloshenko VA, Voznyak AV, V. Voznyak Y, Dudarenko GV. Equal-channel multiple angular extrusion of polyethylene. J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.37993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
12
|
Li H, Huang X, Huang C, Zhao Y. An investigation about solid equal channel angular extrusion on polypropylene/organic montmorillonite composite. J Appl Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/app.34739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
13
|
Wang T, Tang S, Chen J. Effects of processing route on morphology and mechanical behavior of polypropylene in equal channel angular extrusion. J Appl Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/app.34335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
14
|
Liu XY, Jung SI, Choi HS, Oh JT, Kim JK. Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Poly(lactic acid) Specimens Fabricated by Various Equal-channel Angular Extrusion Processes. KOREAN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING RESEARCH 2011. [DOI: 10.9713/kcer.2011.49.2.206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
15
|
Beloshenko V, Varyukhin V, Voznyak A, Voznyak Y. Solid-phase extrusion of polyamide-6 by using combined deformation schemes. POLYM ENG SCI 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.21835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
16
|
Boulahia R, Gloaguen J, Zaïri F, Naït-Abdelaziz M, Seguela R, Boukharouba T, Lefebvre J. Deformation behaviour and mechanical properties of polypropylene processed by equal channel angular extrusion: Effects of back-pressure and extrusion velocity. POLYMER 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2009.09.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
17
|
Zhang X, Gao D, Wu X, Xia K. Bulk plastic materials obtained from processing raw powders of renewable natural polymers via back pressure equal channel angular consolidation (BP-ECAC). Eur Polym J 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2007.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
18
|
Zaïri F, Aour B, Gloaguen J, Naït-Abdelaziz M, Lefebvre J. Steady plastic flow of a polymer during equal channel angular extrusion process: Experiments and numerical modeling. POLYM ENG SCI 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.21042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
19
|
Xia Z, Hartwig T, Sue H. Mechanical Behavior of Bulk Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate) Subjected to Simple Shear. J MACROMOL SCI B 2007. [DOI: 10.1081/mb-120029776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Xia
- a Department of Mechanical Engineering , Texas A&M University , College Station , Texas , 77843‐3123 , USA
- b Eastman Chemical Company , Kingsport , TN , 37662 , USA
| | - Ted Hartwig
- a Department of Mechanical Engineering , Texas A&M University , College Station , Texas , 77843‐3123 , USA
| | - Hung‐Jue Sue
- a Department of Mechanical Engineering , Texas A&M University , College Station , Texas , 77843‐3123 , USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Weon JI, Sue HJ. Effects of clay orientation and aspect ratio on mechanical behavior of nylon-6 nanocomposite. POLYMER 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2005.05.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
21
|
Weon JI, Creasy TS, Sue HJ, Hsieh AJ. Mechanical behavior of polymethylmethacrylate with molecules oriented via simple shear. POLYM ENG SCI 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.20269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
22
|
Morphological characterization of nylon-6 nanocomposite following a large-scale simple shear process. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.20649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
23
|
Xia Z, Sue HJ, Hsieh AJ, Huang JWL. Dynamic mechanical behavior of oriented semicrystalline polyethylene terephthalate. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.1111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|