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Alipour S, Mostafapour A, Laieghi H, Marzec A. Manufacturing and Joining PP/NBR Blends in the Presence of Dual Compatibilizer and Halloysite Nanotubes. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 13:49. [PMID: 36615958 PMCID: PMC9823872 DOI: 10.3390/nano13010049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Polypropylene (PP)/acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) composite plates reinforced with halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) were manufactured in the presence of dual compatibilizers: PP-grafted maleic anhydride (PP-g-MA) and styrene ethylene butylene styrene-grafted maleic anhydride (SEBS-g-MA). The mechanical characteristics and microstructure of the PP/NBR/HNT nanocomposites were investigated as a function of NBR content (10, 20, and 30 wt.%) and HNTs content (3, 5, and 7 wt.%). The results demonstrated that the rubber particles were well dispersed over the PP matrix and that the HNTs were partly agglomerated at contents above 5%. Friction stir welding (FSW) was used to join the nanocomposite plates. A significant reduction in scattered NBR droplet size was seen in the FS-welded specimens containing 80/20 (wt/wt) PP/NBR composites in the presence of a dual compatibilizer. Considerable improvement in particle dispersion was observed in the case of PP/NBR blends filled 80/20 (wt/wt) with HNTs joined using FSW, leading to enhanced mechanical properties in the joints. This was due to the stirring action of the FSW tool. Suitable agreement between anticipated and confirmed values was observed in experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Alipour
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Tabriz, Tabriz P.O. Box 51666-16471, Iran
| | - Amir Mostafapour
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Tabriz, Tabriz P.O. Box 51666-16471, Iran
| | - Hossein Laieghi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Gazi University, Ankara 06570, Türkiye
- Additive Manufacturing Technologies Research and Application Center-EKTAM, Gazi University, Ankara 06560, Türkiye
| | - Anna Marzec
- Institute of Polymer and Dye Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
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Tian Y, Li J, Hu H, Chen C, Li F, Ying WB, Zheng L, Zhao YL, Wang J, Zhang R, Zhu J. Acid-triggered, degradable and high strength-toughness copolyesters: Comprehensive experimental and theoretical study. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 430:128392. [PMID: 35152100 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The popularization and widespread use of degradable polymers is hindered by their poor mechanical properties. It is of great importance to find a balance between degradation and mechanical properties. Herein, poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT) modified by SPG diol from 10% to 40 mol% were synthesized through a two-step polycondensation reaction. Chemical structures, thermal properties, mechanical properties, viscoelastic behavior and degradation of poly(butylene terephthalate-co-spirocyclic terephthalate) (PBST) were investigated. The SPG could toughen the copolyesters and the elongation at break of PBST20 was up to 260%. Moreover, the introduction of SPG enables to provide an acid-triggered degradable unit in the main chain. PBSTs copolymers maintain stable structures in a neutral environment, and the degradation under acid conditions will be unlocked. As tailoring the content of SPG, the degradation rate of the chain scission in response to acid stimuli will be adjusted. The acid degradation was proved to be occurred at the SPG units in the amorphous phase by DSC, XRD, GPC and 1H NMR tests. After the acid degradation, the hydrolysis rate will also be accelerated, adapting to the requirements of different degradation schedules. The plausible hydrolytic pathways and mechanisms were proposed based on Fukui function analysis and density functional theory (DFT) calculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Tian
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315201, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Hu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315201, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315201, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Fenglong Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315201, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Wu Bin Ying
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315201, People's Republic of China
| | - Linjie Zheng
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Yi-Lei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Jinggang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315201, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruoyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315201, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315201, People's Republic of China.
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Xu S, Wu F, Li Z, Zhu X, Li X, Wang L, Li Y, Tu Y. A green cascade polymerization method for the facile synthesis of sustainable poly(butylene-co-decylene terephthalate) copolymers. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.121591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Bio-Based PBT-DLA Copolyester as an Alternative Compatibilizer of PP/PBT Blends. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11091421. [PMID: 31470683 PMCID: PMC6780935 DOI: 10.3390/polym11091421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work was to assess whether synthesized random copolyester, poly(butylene terephthalate-r-butylene dilinoleate) (PBT–DLA), containing bio-based components, can effectively compatibilize polypropylene/poly(butylene terephthalate) (PP/PBT) blends. For comparison, a commercial petrochemical triblock copolymer, poly(styrene-b-ethylene/butylene-b-styrene) (SEBS) was used. The chemical structure and block distribution of PBT–DLA was determined using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and gel permeation chromatography. PP/PBT blends with different mass ratios were prepared via twin-screw extrusion with 5 wt% of each compatibilizer. Thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and dynamic mechanical analysis were used to assess changes in phase structure of PP/PBT blends. Static tensile testing demonstrated marked improvement in elongation at break, to ~18% and ~21% for PBT–DLA and SEBS, respectively. Importantly, the morphology of PP/PBT blends compatibilized with PBT–DLA copolymer showed that it is able to act as interphase modifier, being preferentially located at the interface. Therefore, we conclude that by using polycondensation and monomers from renewable resources, it is possible to obtain copolymers that efficiently modify blend miscibility, offering an alternative to widely used, rubber-like petrochemical styrene compatibilizers.
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Jeon I, Lee M, Lee SW, Jho JY. Morphology and Mechanical Properties of Polyketone/Polycarbonate Blends Compatibilized with SEBS and Polyamide. Macromol Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-019-7109-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Chang BP, Mohanty AK, Misra M. Tuning the compatibility to achieve toughened biobased poly(lactic acid)/poly(butylene terephthalate) blends. RSC Adv 2018; 8:27709-27724. [PMID: 35542721 PMCID: PMC9083900 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra05161e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of sustainable biobased polymer blends from poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT) were fabricated and characterized. These blends are engineered to achieve optimal mechanical properties and toughness with a reactive epoxidized styrene-acrylic copolymer (ESAC) compatibilizer, and an ethylene-n-butyl-acrylate-co-glycidyl methacrylate (EBA-GMA) elastomer-based compatibilizer. The results showed that the tensile strength, modulus, flexural strength and modulus of the PBT increase, while the elongation at break and notched impact strength decrease after blending with the biopolymer PLA. The full co-continuity of PLA in PBT was confirmed at a 50/50 wt% blend ratio. The droplet size of the PLA was reduced and the distinct phases of the blends were gradually diminished with the increasing content of the ESAC compatibilizer. The increase in the complex viscosity of the blends was due to the formation of PLA-g-PBT copolymers in the blend after addition of reactive compatibilizers. The incorporation of both compatibilizers in the blends led to superior notched impact strength in comparison to only a single compatibilizer used in the blends. The synergistic effect of both compatibilizers effectively reduces the PLA droplet size and improves the dispersion of PLA in PBT as evidenced by atomic force microscopy (AFM) topography observations. The high toughness of the blends corresponds to the formation of effective EBA-GMA structures and enhanced interfacial compatibilization due to the synergistic effect of the compatibilizers. Novel toughened biobased polymer blends from poly(lactic acid) and poly(butylene terephthalate) were developed by judicious compatibilization.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Boon Peng Chang
- Bioproducts Discovery and Development Centre
- Department of Plant Agriculture
- Crop Science Building
- University of Guelph
- Guelph
| | - Amar K. Mohanty
- Bioproducts Discovery and Development Centre
- Department of Plant Agriculture
- Crop Science Building
- University of Guelph
- Guelph
| | - Manjusri Misra
- Bioproducts Discovery and Development Centre
- Department of Plant Agriculture
- Crop Science Building
- University of Guelph
- Guelph
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Woźniak-Braszak A, Jurga K, Nowaczyk G, Dobies M, Szostak M, Jurga J, Jurga S. Characterization of poly(ethylene 2,6-naphthalate)/polycarbonate blends by DSC, NMR off-resonance and DMTA methods. Eur Polym J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2014.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Yang L, Huang J, Lu X, Jia S, Zhang H, Jin G, Qu J. Influences of dicumyl peroxide on morphology and mechanical properties of polypropylene/poly(styrene- b-butadiene- b-styrene) blends via vane-extruder. J Appl Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/app.41543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Plastic Modification and Processing; National Engineering Research Center of Novel Equipment for Polymer Processing, South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Jintao Huang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Plastic Modification and Processing; National Engineering Research Center of Novel Equipment for Polymer Processing, South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Xiang Lu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Plastic Modification and Processing; National Engineering Research Center of Novel Equipment for Polymer Processing, South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Shikui Jia
- National Engineering Laboratory for Plastic Modification and Processing; National Engineering Research Center of Novel Equipment for Polymer Processing, South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Haichen Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Plastic Modification and Processing; National Engineering Research Center of Novel Equipment for Polymer Processing, South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Gang Jin
- National Engineering Laboratory for Plastic Modification and Processing; National Engineering Research Center of Novel Equipment for Polymer Processing, South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Jinping Qu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Plastic Modification and Processing; National Engineering Research Center of Novel Equipment for Polymer Processing, South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 China
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Jiang XL, Fan Y. Effect of the compatibilizer on the morphology and properties of dynamically cured PP/POE/epoxy blends. J Appl Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/app.35307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Sadi RK, Kurusu RS, Fechine GJM, Demarquette NR. Compatibilization of polypropylene/ poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) blends. J Appl Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/app.34853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Jiang X, Hu K, Zhou A. Preparation and properties of dynamically cured PP/MAH-g-EVA/epoxy blends. J Appl Polym Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/app.30274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Jiang XL, Zhang YX. Study of the structure and the mechanical properties of dynamically cured PP/MAH-g-SEBS/epoxy blends. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2008.12.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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16
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Barhoumi N, Jaziri M, Massardier V, Cassagnau P. Valorization of poly(butylene terephthalate) wastes by blending with virgin polypropylene: Effect of the composition and the compatibilization. POLYM ENG SCI 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.21116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Yao Z, Lin M, Zhou J, Wang H, Zhong W, Du Q. Influence of epoxy resin on the morphological and rheological properties of PBT/ABS blends compatibilized by ASMA. POLYM ENG SCI 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.20913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Cui L, Wang S, Zhang Y, Zhang Y. Dynamically cured polypropylene/Novolac blends compatibilized with maleic anhydride-g-polypropylene. J Appl Polym Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/app.25894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Polymer Blends of PBT and PP Compatibilized by Epoxidized Ethylene Propylene Diene Rubber. Polym Bull (Berl) 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-006-0682-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Xie F, Zhou C, Yu W, Wu D. Study on the reaction kinetics between PBT and epoxy by a novel rheological method. Eur Polym J 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2005.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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22
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Jiang X, Zhang Y, Zhang Y. Study of dynamically cured PP/MAH-g-PP/talc/epoxy composites. J Appl Polym Sci 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/app.22967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Jose S, Nair SV, Thomas S, Karger-Kocsis J. Effect of reactive compatibilisation on the phase morphology and tensile properties of PA12/PP blends. J Appl Polym Sci 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/app.22806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Yazdani-Pedram M, Vega H, Retuert J, Quijada R. Compatibilizers based on polypropylene grafted with itaconic acid derivatives. Effect on polypropylene/polyethylene terephthalate blends. POLYM ENG SCI 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.10079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Oyama HT, Kitagawa T, Ougizawa T, Inoue T, Weber M. Novel application of reactive blending: tailoring morphology of PBT/SAN blends. POLYMER 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2003.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Jiang X, Huang H, Zhang Y, Zhang Y. Dynamically cured polypropylene/epoxy blends. J Appl Polym Sci 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/app.13700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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