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Korff C, Atkinson E, Adaway M, Klunk A, Wek RC, Vashishth D, Wallace JM, Anderson-Baucum EK, Evans-Molina C, Robling AG, Bidwell JP. NMP4, an Arbiter of Bone Cell Secretory Capacity and Regulator of Skeletal Response to PTH Therapy. Calcif Tissue Int 2023; 113:110-125. [PMID: 37147466 PMCID: PMC10330242 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-023-01088-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The skeleton is a secretory organ, and the goal of some osteoporosis therapies is to maximize bone matrix output. Nmp4 encodes a novel transcription factor that regulates bone cell secretion as part of its functional repertoire. Loss of Nmp4 enhances bone response to osteoanabolic therapy, in part, by increasing the production and delivery of bone matrix. Nmp4 shares traits with scaling factors, which are transcription factors that influence the expression of hundreds of genes to govern proteome allocation for establishing secretory cell infrastructure and capacity. Nmp4 is expressed in all tissues and while global loss of this gene leads to no overt baseline phenotype, deletion of Nmp4 has broad tissue effects in mice challenged with certain stressors. In addition to an enhanced response to osteoporosis therapies, Nmp4-deficient mice are less sensitive to high fat diet-induced weight gain and insulin resistance, exhibit a reduced disease severity in response to influenza A virus (IAV) infection, and resist the development of some forms of rheumatoid arthritis. In this review, we present the current understanding of the mechanisms underlying Nmp4 regulation of the skeletal response to osteoanabolics, and we discuss how this unique gene contributes to the diverse phenotypes among different tissues and stresses. An emerging theme is that Nmp4 is important for the infrastructure and capacity of secretory cells that are critical for health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal Korff
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine (IUSM), Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Emily Atkinson
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, IUSM, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Michele Adaway
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, IUSM, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Angela Klunk
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, IUSM, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Ronald C Wek
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IUSM, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Deepak Vashishth
- Center for Biotechnology & Interdisciplinary Studies and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Joseph M Wallace
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University at Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, IUSM, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Emily K Anderson-Baucum
- Department of Pediatrics and the Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, IUSM, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Carmella Evans-Molina
- Department of Pediatrics and the Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, IUSM, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease and the Wells Center for Pediatric Research, IUSM, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Department of Medicine, IUSM, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Alexander G Robling
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, IUSM, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, IUSM, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Joseph P Bidwell
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, IUSM, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, IUSM, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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Kidokoro Y, Sakabe T, Haruki T, Kadonaga T, Nosaka K, Nakamura H, Umekita Y. Gene expression profiling by targeted RNA sequencing in pathological stage I lung adenocarcinoma with a solid component. Lung Cancer 2020; 147:56-63. [PMID: 32673827 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2020.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Solid predominant adenocarcinoma is considered an independent predictor of an unfavorable prognosis in patients with stage I lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Furthermore, solid minor components are related to poor prognosis in patients with stage I LUAD. Therefore, it is imperative to elucidate the molecular determinants of the malignant potential of solid components (SC). Several studies reported the gene expression profiling specific for lepidic predominant adenocarcinoma or solid predominant adenocarcinoma, however; there is no report identifying the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between SC and acinar component (AC) within the same tumor tissue in pathological (p)-stage I LUAD patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS LUAD tissue samples containing both SC and AC were obtained from 8 patients with p-stage I LUAD and each component was microdissected. Targeted RNA sequencing was performed by a high-throughput chip-based approach. RESULTS In total, 1272 DEGs were identified, including 677 upregulated genes and 595 downregulated genes in SC compared with AC. The most highly upregulated gene was TATA binding protein associated factor 7 (TAF7) and the most highly downregulated gene was homeobox B3 (HOXB3), which acts as a metastasis suppressor. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis of upregulated genes in SC identified ribosomal protein S27a (RPS27a) as a hub gene with the highest degree. First neighbors of RPS27a included PSMA6, which is a highly promising target for lung cancer. The subnetwork of PD-L1 had 10 first neighbors, including CMTM6, which enhances the ability of PD-L1-expressing tumor cells to inhibit T cells. The staining score for PD-L1 in SC was significantly higher than that in AC by immunohistochemistry (p = 0.001). CONCLUSION Our results revealed several new DEGs and key PPI network in SC compared to AC, contributing to understanding the biological features of SC and providing therapeutic targets for early-stage LUAD with SC in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiteru Kidokoro
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan; Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Sakabe
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Haruki
- Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Taichi Kadonaga
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan; Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Kanae Nosaka
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Hiroshige Nakamura
- Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Umekita
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan.
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Sánchez-Hernández S, Gutierrez-Guerrero A, Martín-Guerra R, Cortijo-Gutierrez M, Tristán-Manzano M, Rodriguez-Perales S, Sanchez L, Garcia-Perez JL, Chato-Astrain J, Fernandez-Valades R, Carrillo-Galvez AB, Anderson P, Montes R, Real PJ, Martin F, Benabdellah K. The IS2 Element Improves Transcription Efficiency of Integration-Deficient Lentiviral Vector Episomes. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2018; 13:16-28. [PMID: 30227274 PMCID: PMC6141704 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Integration-defective lentiviral vectors (IDLVs) have become an important alternative tool for gene therapy applications and basic research. Unfortunately, IDLVs show lower transgene expression as compared to their integrating counterparts. In this study, we aimed to improve the expression levels of IDLVs by inserting the IS2 element, which harbors SARs and HS4 sequences, into their LTRs (SE-IS2-IDLVs). Contrary to our expectations, the presence of the IS2 element did not abrogate epigenetic silencing by histone deacetylases. In addition, the IS2 element reduced episome levels in IDLV-transduced cells. Interestingly, despite these negative effects, SE-IS2-IDLVs outperformed SE-IDLVs in terms of percentage and expression levels of the transgene in several cell lines, including neurons, neuronal progenitor cells, and induced pluripotent stem cells. We estimated that the IS2 element enhances the transcriptional activity of IDLV LTR circles 6- to 7-fold. The final effect the IS2 element in IDLVs will greatly depend on the target cell and the balance between the negative versus the positive effects of the IS2 element in each cell type. The better performance of SE-IS2-IDLVs was not due to improved stability or differences in the proportions of 1-LTR versus 2-LTR circles but probably to a re-positioning of IS2-episomes into transcriptionally active regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Sánchez-Hernández
- Genomic Medicine Department, GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer-University of Granada-Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Alejandra Gutierrez-Guerrero
- Genomic Medicine Department, GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer-University of Granada-Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Rocío Martín-Guerra
- Genomic Medicine Department, GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer-University of Granada-Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Marina Cortijo-Gutierrez
- Genomic Medicine Department, GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer-University of Granada-Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - María Tristán-Manzano
- Genomic Medicine Department, GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer-University of Granada-Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Sandra Rodriguez-Perales
- Molecular Cytogenetics and Genome Editing Unit, Human Cancer Genetics Department, CNIO, Melchor Fernandez Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Sanchez
- Genomic Medicine Department, GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer-University of Granada-Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Garcia-Perez
- Genomic Medicine Department, GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer-University of Granada-Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Jesus Chato-Astrain
- Department of Histology, Tissue Engineering Group, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Ricardo Fernandez-Valades
- Pediatric Surgery Department, University Hospital "Virgen de las Nieves," Avda. Fuerzas Armadas 2, 18014 Granada, Spain
| | - Ana Belén Carrillo-Galvez
- Oncology Department, GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncology, Pfizer-University of Granada-Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Per Anderson
- LentiStem Biotech, GENYO, Avda. de la Ilustración 114, 18016 PTS Granada, Spain; Oncology Department, GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncology, Pfizer-University of Granada-Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Rosa Montes
- Oncology Department, GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncology, Pfizer-University of Granada-Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Pedro J Real
- Oncology Department, GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncology, Pfizer-University of Granada-Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; Departament of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco Martin
- Genomic Medicine Department, GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer-University of Granada-Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; LentiStem Biotech, GENYO, Avda. de la Ilustración 114, 18016 PTS Granada, Spain.
| | - Karim Benabdellah
- Genomic Medicine Department, GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer-University of Granada-Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; LentiStem Biotech, GENYO, Avda. de la Ilustración 114, 18016 PTS Granada, Spain.
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4
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Qian M, Zhang H, Kham SKY, Liu S, Jiang C, Zhao X, Lu Y, Goodings C, Lin TN, Zhang R, Moriyama T, Yin Z, Li Z, Quah TC, Ariffin H, Tan AM, Shen S, Bhojwani D, Hu S, Chen S, Zheng H, Pui CH, Yeoh AEJ, Yang JJ. Whole-transcriptome sequencing identifies a distinct subtype of acute lymphoblastic leukemia with predominant genomic abnormalities of EP300 and CREBBP. Genome Res 2016; 27:185-195. [PMID: 27903646 PMCID: PMC5287225 DOI: 10.1101/gr.209163.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Chromosomal translocations are a genomic hallmark of many hematologic malignancies. Often as initiating events, these structural abnormalities result in fusion proteins involving transcription factors important for hematopoietic differentiation and/or signaling molecules regulating cell proliferation and cell cycle. In contrast, epigenetic regulator genes are more frequently targeted by somatic sequence mutations, possibly as secondary events to further potentiate leukemogenesis. Through comprehensive whole-transcriptome sequencing of 231 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), we identified 58 putative functional and predominant fusion genes in 54.1% of patients (n = 125), 31 of which have not been reported previously. In particular, we described a distinct ALL subtype with a characteristic gene expression signature predominantly driven by chromosomal rearrangements of the ZNF384 gene with histone acetyltransferases EP300 and CREBBP. ZNF384-rearranged ALL showed significant up-regulation of CLCF1 and BTLA expression, and ZNF384 fusion proteins consistently showed higher activity to promote transcription of these target genes relative to wild-type ZNF384 in vitro. Ectopic expression of EP300-ZNF384 and CREBBP-ZNF384 fusion altered differentiation of mouse hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells and also potentiated oncogenic transformation in vitro. EP300- and CREBBP-ZNF384 fusions resulted in loss of histone lysine acetyltransferase activity in a dominant-negative fashion, with concomitant global reduction of histone acetylation and increased sensitivity of leukemia cells to histone deacetylase inhibitors. In conclusion, our results indicate that gene fusion is a common class of genomic abnormalities in childhood ALL and that recurrent translocations involving EP300 and CREBBP may cause epigenetic deregulation with potential for therapeutic targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maoxiang Qian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China, 510120
| | - Shirley Kow-Yin Kham
- Centre for Translational Research in Acute Leukaemia, Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599
| | - Shuguang Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Hematology Oncology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China, 100045
| | - Chuang Jiang
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China, 200240
| | - Xujie Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
| | - Yi Lu
- Centre for Translational Research in Acute Leukaemia, Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599
| | - Charnise Goodings
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
| | - Ting-Nien Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
| | - Ranran Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China, 510120
| | - Takaya Moriyama
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
| | - Zhaohong Yin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
| | - Zhenhua Li
- Centre for Translational Research in Acute Leukaemia, Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599
| | - Thuan Chong Quah
- Centre for Translational Research in Acute Leukaemia, Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599.,VIVA-University Children's Cancer Centre, Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, 119228
| | - Hany Ariffin
- Paediatric Haematology-Oncology Unit, University of Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 59100
| | - Ah Moy Tan
- KKH-CCF Children's Cancer Centre, Paediatric Haematology & Oncology, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, 229899
| | - Shuhong Shen
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China, 200127
| | - Deepa Bhojwani
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90027, USA
| | - Shaoyan Hu
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China, 215025
| | - Suning Chen
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China, 215006
| | - Huyong Zheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Hematology Oncology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China, 100045
| | - Ching-Hon Pui
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA.,Hematological Malignancies Program, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
| | - Allen Eng-Juh Yeoh
- Centre for Translational Research in Acute Leukaemia, Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599.,VIVA-University Children's Cancer Centre, Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, 119228
| | - Jun J Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA.,Hematological Malignancies Program, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
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5
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Young SK, Shao Y, Bidwell JP, Wek RC. Nuclear Matrix Protein 4 Is a Novel Regulator of Ribosome Biogenesis and Controls the Unfolded Protein Response via Repression of Gadd34 Expression. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:13780-8. [PMID: 27129771 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.729830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The unfolded protein response (UPR) maintains protein homeostasis by governing the processing capacity of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to manage ER client loads; however, key regulators within the UPR remain to be identified. Activation of the UPR sensor PERK (EIFAK3/PEK) results in the phosphorylation of the α subunit of eIF2 (eIF2α-P), which represses translation initiation and reduces influx of newly synthesized proteins into the overloaded ER. As part of this adaptive response, eIF2α-P also induces a feedback mechanism through enhanced transcriptional and translational expression of Gadd34 (Ppp1r15A),which targets type 1 protein phosphatase for dephosphorylation of eIF2α-P to restore protein synthesis. Here we describe a novel mechanism by which Gadd34 expression is regulated through the activity of the zinc finger transcription factor NMP4 (ZNF384, CIZ). NMP4 functions to suppress bone anabolism, and we suggest that this occurs due to decreased protein synthesis of factors involved in bone formation through NMP4-mediated dampening of Gadd34 and c-Myc expression. Loss of Nmp4 resulted in an increase in c-Myc and Gadd34 expression that facilitated enhanced ribosome biogenesis and global protein synthesis. Importantly, protein synthesis was sustained during pharmacological induction of the UPR through a mechanism suggested to involve GADD34-mediated dephosphorylation of eIF2α-P. Sustained protein synthesis sensitized cells to pharmacological induction of the UPR, and the observed decrease in cell viability was restored upon inhibition of GADD34 activity. We conclude that NMP4 is a key regulator of ribosome biogenesis and the UPR, which together play a central role in determining cell viability during endoplasmic reticulum stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara K Young
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
| | - Yu Shao
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202-5126
| | | | - Ronald C Wek
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology,
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6
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Grammatico S, Vitale A, La Starza R, Gorello P, Angelosanto N, Negulici AD, De Propris MS, Nanni M, Meloni G, Mecucci C, Foà R. Lineage switch from pro-B acute lymphoid leukemia to acute myeloid leukemia in a case with t(12;17)(p13;q11)/TAF15–ZNF384rearrangement. Leuk Lymphoma 2013. [DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2012.753450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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7
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Grandjean M, Girod PA, Calabrese D, Kostyrko K, Wicht M, Yerly F, Mazza C, Beckmann JS, Martinet D, Mermod N. High-level transgene expression by homologous recombination-mediated gene transfer. Nucleic Acids Res 2011; 39:e104. [PMID: 21652640 PMCID: PMC3159483 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkr436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene transfer and expression in eukaryotes is often limited by a number of stably maintained gene copies and by epigenetic silencing effects. Silencing may be limited by the use of epigenetic regulatory sequences such as matrix attachment regions (MAR). Here, we show that successive transfections of MAR-containing vectors allow a synergistic increase of transgene expression. This finding is partly explained by an increased entry into the cell nuclei and genomic integration of the DNA, an effect that requires both the MAR element and iterative transfections. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis often showed single integration events, indicating that DNAs introduced in successive transfections could recombine. High expression was also linked to the cell division cycle, so that nuclear transport of the DNA occurs when homologous recombination is most active. Use of cells deficient in either non-homologous end-joining or homologous recombination suggested that efficient integration and expression may require homologous recombination-based genomic integration of MAR-containing plasmids and the lack of epigenetic silencing events associated with tandem gene copies. We conclude that MAR elements may promote homologous recombination, and that cells and vectors can be engineered to take advantage of this property to mediate highly efficient gene transfer and expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Grandjean
- Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnology, Center for Biotechnology UNIL-EPFL, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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8
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Childress P, Robling AG, Bidwell JP. Nmp4/CIZ: road block at the intersection of PTH and load. Bone 2010; 46:259-66. [PMID: 19766748 PMCID: PMC2818167 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2009.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2009] [Revised: 09/10/2009] [Accepted: 09/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Teriparatide (parathyroid hormone, [PTH]) is the only FDA-approved drug that replaces bone lost to osteoporosis. Enhancing PTH efficacy will improve cost-effectiveness and ameliorate contraindications. Combining this hormone with load-bearing exercise may enhance therapeutic potential consistent with a growing body of evidence that these agonists are synergistic and share common signaling pathways. Additionally, neutralizing molecules that naturally suppress the anabolic response to PTH may also improve the efficacy of treatment with this hormone. Nmp4/CIZ (nuclear matrix protein 4/cas interacting zinc finger)-null mice have enhanced responses to intermittent PTH with respect to increasing trabecular bone mass and are also immune to disuse-induced bone loss likely by the removal of Nmp4/CIZ suppressive action on osteoblast function. Nmp4/CIZ activity may be sensitive to changes in the mechanical environment of the bone cell brought about by hormone- or mechanical load-induced changes in cell shape and adhesion. Nmp4 was identified in a screen for PTH-responsive nuclear matrix architectural transcription factors (ATFs) that we proposed translate hormone-induced changes in cell shape and adhesion into changes in target gene DNA conformation. CIZ was independently identified as a nucleocytoplasmic shuttling transcription factor associating with the mechano-sensitive focal adhesion proteins p130Cas and zxyin. The p130Cas/zyxin/Nmp4/CIZ pathway resembles the beta-catenin/TCF/LEF1 mechanotransduction response limb and both share features with the HMGB1 (high mobility group box 1)/RAGE (receptor for advanced glycation end products) signaling axis. Here we describe Nmp4/CIZ within the context of the PTH-induced anabolic response and consider the place of this molecule in the hierarchy of the PTH-load response network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Childress
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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9
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Hayata T, Nakamoto T, Ezura Y, Noda M. Ciz, a transcription factor with a nucleocytoplasmic shuttling activity, interacts with C-propeptides of type I collagen. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2008; 368:205-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2008] [Accepted: 01/09/2008] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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10
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Zhong CH, Prima V, Liang X, Frye C, McGavran L, Meltesen L, Wei Q, Boomer T, Varella-Garcia M, Gump J, Hunger SP. E2A-ZNF384 and NOL1-E2A fusion created by a cryptic t(12;19)(p13.3; p13.3) in acute leukemia. Leukemia 2008; 22:723-9. [PMID: 18185522 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2405084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A 5-year-old boy who initially presented with ALL and relapsed 4 months later with AML was found to have an add(19) in the leukemia cells. FISH revealed that the add(19) was really a cryptic t(l2;l9)(p13.3;p13.3) interrupting E2A (TCF3). Nucleotide sequences of cloned genomic fragments with the E2A rearrangements revealed that the der(12) contained E2A joined to an intron of the NOLI (p120) gene. Reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR of patient lymphoblast RNA showed expression of in-frame fusion cDNAs consisting of most of NOL1 fused to the 3' portion of E2A that encoded part of the second transcriptional activation domain and the DNA binding and protein dimerization motifs. The reciprocal der(19) E2A genomic rearrangements included 5' regions of E2A joined to an intron of the ZNF384 (NMP4, CIZ) gene, located approximately 450 kb centromeric to NOL1 on chromosome 12. RT-PCR showed expression of in-frame E2A-ZNF384 fusion cDNAs. To our knowledge, this is the second report of a chromosome translocation in leukemia resulting in two different gene fusions. This is the first report of expression of E2A fusion protein that includes the DNA binding and protein dimerization domains due to a more proximal break in E2A compared to those described previously.
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Affiliation(s)
- C-h Zhong
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
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11
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Wisithphrom K, Murray PE, Windsor LJ. Interleukin-1 α Alters the Expression of Matrix Metalloproteinases and Collagen Degradation by Pulp Fibroblasts. J Endod 2006; 32:186-92. [PMID: 16500223 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2005.10.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and the tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMPs) have been suggested to play a role in dental pulp destruction. This study examined the effects of interleukin (IL)-1 alpha on pulp fibroblasts. The ability of these cells to degrade collagen was determined with or without IL-1 alpha utilizing a cell-mediated collagen degradation assay. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction was utilized to examine the mRNA expression of multiple MMPs and TIMPs with and without IL-1 alpha, while Western blot analyses and zymography were utilized to examine their protein expression. The collagen degradation mediated by these cells was stimulated by IL-1 alpha and inhibited by MMP inhibitors. IL-1 alpha increased the mRNA expression of MMP-1 and MMP-3, as well as induced MMP-7. Western blot analyses confirmed these results. IL-1 alpha increased the secreted protein level of TIMP-1, while only slightly affected the level of TIMP-2. These results suggest that IL-1 alpha can induce pulp destruction by differentially regulating MMPs and TIMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kessiri Wisithphrom
- Department of Oral Biology, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
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12
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Janssen H, Marynen P. Interaction partners for human ZNF384/CIZ/NMP4--zyxin as a mediator for p130CAS signaling? Exp Cell Res 2006; 312:1194-204. [PMID: 16510139 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2006.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2005] [Revised: 01/24/2006] [Accepted: 02/02/2006] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Transcription factor ZNF384/CIZ/NMP4 was first cloned in rat as a p130Cas-binding protein and has a role in bone metabolism and spermatogenesis. It is recurrently involved in translocations in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Translocations t(12;17) and t(12;22) fuse ZNF384 to RNA-binding proteins TAF15 and EWSR1, while a translocation t(12;19) generates an E2A/ZNF384 fusion. We screened for ZNF384 interacting proteins using yeast two-hybrid technology. In contrast to its rat homolog, human ZNF384 does not interact with p130CAS. Zyxin, PCBP1, and vimentin, however, were identified as ZNF384-binding partners. Given the interaction between human zyxin and p130CAS, these results suggest that zyxin indirectly enables the interaction of ZNF384 with p130CAS which is described in rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilde Janssen
- Human Genome Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Flanders Interuniversity Institute for Biotechnology (VIB), VIB4, Campus Gasthuisberg O&N 06, Herestraat 49 Box 602, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
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13
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Corry GN, Underhill DA. Subnuclear compartmentalization of sequence-specific transcription factors and regulation of eukaryotic gene expression. Biochem Cell Biol 2005; 83:535-47. [PMID: 16094457 DOI: 10.1139/o05-062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, the majority of the research regarding eukaryotic transcription factors has focused on characterizing their function primarily through in vitro methods. These studies have revealed that transcription factors are essentially modular structures, containing separate regions that participate in such activities as DNA binding, protein-protein interaction, and transcriptional activation or repression. To fully comprehend the behavior of a given transcription factor, however, these domains must be analyzed in the context of the entire protein, and in certain cases the context of a multiprotein complex. Furthermore, it must be appreciated that transcription factors function in the nucleus, where they must contend with a variety of factors, including the nuclear architecture, chromatin domains, chromosome territories, and cell-cycle-associated processes. Recent examinations of transcription factors in the nucleus have clarified the behavior of these proteins in vivo and have increased our understanding of how gene expression is regulated in eukaryotes. Here, we review the current knowledge regarding sequence-specific transcription factor compartmentalization within the nucleus and discuss its impact on the regulation of such processes as activation or repression of gene expression and interaction with coregulatory factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gareth N Corry
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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14
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Corveleyn A, Janssen H, Martini A, Somers R, Cools J, Marynen P. Cellular transformation of NIH3T3 fibroblasts by CIZ/NMP4 fusions. J Cell Biochem 2005; 94:1112-25. [PMID: 15669012 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.20369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Molecular cloning of the translocations t(12;22)(p13;q12) and t(12;17)(p13;q11) in acute leukaemia showed that either EWSR1 or its homologue TAF15 are fused to the transcription factor CIZ. EWSR1 and TAF15 belong to the TET family (TLS/FUS, EWSR1 and TAF15) of proteins. TET fusions have been identified in both solid tumours and acute myeloid leukaemia. The novel 12p translocations directly implicated TET fusions in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia as well, and demonstrated the involvement of CIZ in haematopoietic malignancies. In addition, a new fusion E2A-CIZ was recently cloned as a result of a t(12;19)(p13;p13) in a patient with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. NIH3T3 cells stably expressing TET-CIZ fusions display a transformed phenotype in a focus formation assay. We show here that E2A-CIZ also transforms 3T3 fibroblasts, suggesting that the addition of a transactivation domain to the CIZ protein is involved in this phenotype. An artificial VP16-CIZ construct reveals similar transforming properties, supporting this. We have then analysed the domains within TAF15-CIZ that are necessary for 3T3 fibroblast transformation. Deletion of the zinc fingers of CIZ resulted in loss of both DNA-binding and transforming properties of TAF15-CIZ, whereas deletion of the other functional domains of CIZ had no effect. Fusion of a transactivation domain to CIZ is suggestive for a transactivating function in transformation. Luciferase experiments indeed showed that E2A-CIZ as well as VP16-CIZ transactivates the MMP7 promoter. Taken together, our results reported here suggest that transformation of 3T3 fibroblasts by CIZ fusions is dependent on DNA-binding and might involve transactivation of CIZ target genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anniek Corveleyn
- Human Genome Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics, Flanders Interuniversity Institute for Biotechnology (VIB), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
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15
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Alvarez M, Shah R, Rhodes SJ, Bidwell JP. Two promoters control the mouse Nmp4/CIZ transcription factor gene. Gene 2005; 347:43-54. [PMID: 15716059 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2004.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2004] [Revised: 09/27/2004] [Accepted: 10/14/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Nmp4/CIZ proteins (nuclear matrix protein 4/cas interacting zinc finger protein) contribute to gene regulation in bone, blood, and testis. In osteoblasts, they govern the magnitude of gene response to osteotropic factors like parathyroid hormone (PTH). Nmp4/CIZ is recurrently involved in acute leukemia and it has been implicated in spermatogenesis. However, these conserved proteins, derived from a single gene, are expressed in numerous tissues indicative of a more generalized housekeeping function in addition to their tissue-specific roles. To address how Nmp4/CIZ expression is governed, we characterized the 5' regulatory region of the mouse Nmp4 gene, located on chromosome 6. Two adjacent promoters P(1) [-2521 nucleotide (nt)/-597 nt] and P(2) (-2521 nt/+1 nt) initiate transcription of alternative first exons (U(1) and U(2)). Both promoters lack TATA and CCAAT boxes but contain initiator sites and CpG islands. Northern analysis revealed expression of both U(1) and U(2) in numerous adult tissues consistent with the constitutive and ubiquitous activity of a housekeeping gene. Sequence analysis identified numerous potential transcription factor-binding sites significant to osteogenesis, hematopoeisis, and gonadal development. The promoters are active in both osteoblast-like cells and in the M12 B-lymphocyte cell line. Low doses of PTH attenuated P(1)/P(2) activity in osteoblast-like cells. The Nmp4/CIZ promoters are autoregulated and deletion analysis identified regions that drive P(1) and P(2) basal activities as well as regions that contain positive and negative regulatory elements affecting transcription. The Nmp4/CIZ promoters comprise a genomic regulatory architecture that supports constitutive expression as well as cell- and tissue-specific regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Alvarez
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Medical Science Bldg 5035, 635 Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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West BE, Parker GE, Savage JJ, Kiratipranon P, Toomey KS, Beach LR, Colvin SC, Sloop KW, Rhodes SJ. Regulation of the follicle-stimulating hormone beta gene by the LHX3 LIM-homeodomain transcription factor. Endocrinology 2004; 145:4866-79. [PMID: 15271874 DOI: 10.1210/en.2004-0598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
FSH is a critical hormone regulator of gonadal function that is secreted from the pituitary gonadotrope cell. Human patients and animal models with mutations in the LHX3 LIM-homeodomain transcription factor gene exhibit complex endocrine diseases, including reproductive disorders with loss of FSH. We demonstrate that in both heterologous and pituitary gonadotrope cells, specific LHX3 isoforms activate the FSH beta-subunit promoter, but not the proximal LHbeta promoter. The related LHX4 mammalian transcription factor can also induce FSHbeta promoter transcription, but the homologous Drosophila protein LIM3 cannot. The actions of LHX3 are specifically blocked by a dominant negative LHX3 protein containing a Kruppel-associated box domain. Six LHX3-binding sites were characterized within the FSHbeta promoter, including three within a proximal region that also mediates gene regulation by other transcription factors and activin. Mutations of the proximal binding sites demonstrate their importance for LHX3 induction of the FSHbeta promoter and basal promoter activity in gonadotrope cells. Using quantitative methods, we show that the responses of the FSHbeta promoter to activin do not require induction of the LHX3 gene. By comparative genomics using the human FSHbeta promoter, we demonstrate structural and functional conservation of promoter induction by LHX3. We conclude that the LHX3 LIM homeodomain transcription factor is involved in activation of the FSH beta-subunit gene in the pituitary gonadotrope cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke E West
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University, 723 West Michigan Street, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202-5132, USA
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17
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Abstract
Cellular and molecular processes that regulate the development of skeletal tissues resemble those required for regeneration. Given the prevalence of degenerative skeletal disorders in an increasingly aging population, the molecular mechanisms of skeletal development must be understood in detail if novel strategies are to be developed in regenerative medicine. Research in this area over the past decade has revealed that cell differentiation is largely controlled at the level of gene transcription, which in turn is regulated by transcription factors. Transcription factors usually recognize and bind to specific DNA sequences in the promoter of target genes via characteristic DNA-binding domains. Although the gene family containing C2H2 zinc fingers as DNA-binding motifs is the largest family of transciptional regulators, with several hundred individual members in mammals, only a small but increasing number of zinc finger genes have been implicated in bone, cartilage, or tooth development. These zinc finger proteins (ZFPs) contain multiple structural motifs that require zinc to maintain their structural integrity and function. Interestingly, zinc deficiency is known to result in skeletal growth retardation and has been identified as a risk factor in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. This review attempts to summarize our current state of knowledge regarding the role of ZFPs in the molecular regulation of skeletogenesis.
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Barseguian K, Lutterbach B, Hiebert SW, Nickerson J, Lian JB, Stein JL, van Wijnen AJ, Stein GS. Multiple subnuclear targeting signals of the leukemia-related AML1/ETO and ETO repressor proteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2002; 99:15434-9. [PMID: 12427969 PMCID: PMC137734 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.242588499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukemic disease can be linked to aberrant gene expression. This often is the result of molecular alterations in transcription factors that lead to their misrouting within the nucleus. The acute myelogenous leukemia-related fusion protein AML1ETO is a striking example. It originates from a gene rearrangement t(8;21) that fuses the N-terminal part of the key hematopoietic regulatory factor AML1 (RUNX1) to the ETO (MTG8) repressor protein. AML1ETO lacks the intranuclear targeting signal of the wild-type AML1 and is directed by the ETO component to alternate nuclear matrix-associated sites. To understand this aberrant subnuclear trafficking of AML1ETO, we created a series of mutations in the ETO protein. These were characterized biochemically by immunoblotting and in situ by immunofluorescence microscopy. We identified two independent subnuclear targeting signals in the N- and C-terminal regions of ETO that together direct ETO to the same binding sites occupied by AML1ETO. However, each segment alone is targeted to a different intranuclear location. The N-terminal segment contains a nuclear localization signal and the conserved hydrophobic heptad repeat domain responsible for protein dimerization and interaction with the mSin3A transcriptional repressor. The C-terminal segment spans the nervy domain and the zinc finger region, which together support interactions with the corepressors N-CoR and HDACs. Our findings provide a molecular basis for aberrant subnuclear targeting of the AML1ETO protein, which is a principal defect in t(8;21)-related acute myelogenous leukemia.
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MESH Headings
- Binding Sites
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 8/genetics
- Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit
- DNA, Neoplasm/metabolism
- DNA-Binding Proteins/chemistry
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Humans
- Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Microscopy, Fluorescence
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/chemistry
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/metabolism
- Protein Sorting Signals/genetics
- Protein Sorting Signals/physiology
- Protein Structure, Tertiary
- Protein Transport
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins
- RUNX1 Translocation Partner 1 Protein
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism
- Repressor Proteins/chemistry
- Repressor Proteins/genetics
- Repressor Proteins/metabolism
- Structure-Activity Relationship
- Subcellular Fractions/metabolism
- Transcription Factors/chemistry
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Transfection
- Translocation, Genetic
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Zinc Fingers
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Barseguian
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester 01655-0106, USA
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Torrungruang K, Shah R, Alvarez M, Bowen DK, Gerard R, Pavalko FM, Elmendorf JS, Charoonpatrapong K, Hock J, Rhodes SJ, Bidwell JP. Osteoblast intracellular localization of Nmp4 proteins. Bone 2002; 30:931-6. [PMID: 12052465 DOI: 10.1016/s8756-3282(02)00730-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Nmp4 proteins are transcription factors that contribute to the expression of type I collagen and many of the matrix metalloproteinase genes. Numerous Nmp4 isoforms have been identified. These proteins, all derived from a single gene, have from five to eight Cys(2)His(2) zinc fingers, the arrangement of which directs specific isoforms to nuclear matrix subdomains. Nmp4 isoforms also have an SH3 binding domain, typical of cytoplasmic docking proteins. Although recent evidence indicates that Nmp4 proteins also reside in the osteoblast cytoplasm, whether they localize to specific organelles or structures is not well defined. The intracellular localization of a protein is a determinant of its function and provides insights into its mechanism of action. As a first step toward determining the functional relationship between the cytoplasmic and nuclear Nmp4 compartments, we mapped their location in the osteoblast cytoplasm. Immunocytochemical analysis of osteoblasts demonstrated that Nmp4 antibodies labeled the mitochondria, colocalized with Golgi protein 58K, and lightly stained the cytoplasm. Western analysis using Nmp4 antibodies revealed a complex profile of protein bands in the nuclear, mitochondrial, and cytosolic fractions. Several of these proteins were specific to defined intracellular domains. Consistent with the western analyses, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis detected previously uncharacterized Nmp4 isoforms. These data necessarily enlarge the known Nmp4 family from nuclear matrix transcription factors to a more widely extended class of intracellular proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Torrungruang
- Department of Periodontics, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis 46202, USA
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20
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Torrungruang K, Alvarez M, Shah R, Onyia JE, Rhodes SJ, Bidwell JP. DNA binding and gene activation properties of the Nmp4 nuclear matrix transcription factors. J Biol Chem 2002; 277:16153-9. [PMID: 11867614 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m107496200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Splice variants of the Nmp4 gene include nuclear matrix transcription factors that regulate the type I collagen alpha1(I) polypeptide chain (COL1A1) promoter and several matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) genes. To date, these are the only Cys(2)His(2) zinc finger proteins known to bind within the minor groove of homopolymeric (dA.dT) DNA. Nmp4 isoforms contain from 5 to 8 Cys(2)His(2) zinc fingers, an SH3-binding domain that overlaps with a putative AT-hook and a polyglutamine-alanine repeat (poly(QA)). To determine the mechanistic significance of Cys(2)His(2) zinc finger association with this unusual consensus DNA binding element, we identified the Nmp4 DNA-binding and transcriptional activation domains. Zinc fingers 2, 3, and 6 mediated association with the homopolymeric (dA.dT) COL1A1/MMP DNA consensus element. The N terminus of the Nmp4 protein exhibited a strong trans-activation capacity when fused to the GAL4 DNA-binding domain, but this activity was masked within the context of the full-length Nmp4-GAL4 DNA-binding domain chimera. However, upon binding to the COL1A1/MMP homopolymeric (dA.dT) element, the native Nmp4 protein up-regulated transcription, and the poly(QA) domain acquired a significant role in trans-activation. We propose that allosteric effects induced upon zinc finger association with the homopolymeric (dA.dT) minor groove confer context-specific functionality to this unusual family of Cys(2)His(2) transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kitti Torrungruang
- Department of Periodontics, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
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21
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Thunyakitpisal P, Alvarez M, Tokunaga K, Onyia JE, Hock J, Ohashi N, Feister H, Rhodes SJ, Bidwell JP. Cloning and functional analysis of a family of nuclear matrix transcription factors (NP/NMP4) that regulate type I collagen expression in osteoblasts. J Bone Miner Res 2001; 16:10-23. [PMID: 11149472 DOI: 10.1359/jbmr.2001.16.1.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Collagen expression is coupled to cell structure in connective tissue. We propose that nuclear matrix architectural transcription factors link cell shape with collagen promoter geometry and activity. We previously indicated that nuclear matrix proteins (NP/NMP4) interact with the rat type I collagen alpha1(I) polypeptide chain (COL1A1) promoter at two poly(dT) sequences (sites A and B) and bend the DNA. Here, our objective was to determine whether NP/NMP4-COL1A1 binding influences promoter activity and to clone NP/NMP4. Promoter-reporter constructs containing 3.5 kilobases (kb) of COL1A1 5' flanking sequence were fused to a reporter gene. Mutation of site A or site B increased promoter activity in rat UMR-106 osteoblast-like cells. Several full-length complementary DNAs (cDNAs) were isolated from an expression library using site B as a probe. These clones expressed proteins with molecular weights and COLIA1 binding activity similar to NP/NMP4. Antibodies to these proteins disrupted native NP/NMP4-COL1A1 binding activity. Overexpression of specific clones in UMR-106 cells repressed COL1A1 promoter activity. The isolated cDNAs encode isoforms of Cys2His2 zinc finger proteins that contain an AT-hook, a motif found in architectural transcription factors. Some of these isoforms recently have been identified as Cas-interacting zinc finger proteins (CIZ) that localize to fibroblast focal adhesions and enhance metalloproteinase gene expression. We observed NP/NMP4/CIZ expression in osteocytes, osteoblasts, and chondrocytes in rat bone. We conclude that NP/NMP4/CIZ is a novel family of nuclear matrix transcription factors that may be part of a general mechanical pathway that couples cell structure and function during extracellular matrix remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Thunyakitpisal
- Department of Oral Biology, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, USA
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