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Cheaito K, Bahmad HF, Jalloul H, Hadadeh O, Msheik H, El-Hajj A, Mukherji D, Al-Sayegh M, Abou-Kheir W. Epidermal Growth Factor Is Essential for the Maintenance of Novel Prostate Epithelial Cells Isolated From Patient-Derived Organoids. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:571677. [PMID: 33195205 PMCID: PMC7658326 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.571677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality and morbidity among males worldwide. Deciphering the biological mechanisms and molecular pathways involved in PCa pathogenesis and progression has been hindered by numerous technical limitations mainly attributed to the limited number of cell lines available, which do not recapitulate the diverse phenotypes of clinical disease. Indeed, PCa has proven problematic to establish as cell lines in culture due to its heterogeneity which remains a challenge, despite the various in vitro and in vivo model systems available. Growth factors have been shown to play a central role in the complex regulation of cell proliferation among hormone sensitive tumors, such as PCa. Here, we report the isolation and characterization of novel patient-derived prostate epithelial (which we named as AUB-PrC) cells from organoids culture system. We also assessed the role of epidermal growth factor (EGF) in culturing those cells. We profiled the AUB-PrC cells isolated from unaffected and tumor patient samples via depicting their molecular and epithelial lineage features through immunofluorescence staining and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), as well as through functional assays and transcriptomic profiling through RNA sequencing. In addition, by optimizing a previously established prostate organoids culture system, we were able to grow human prostate epithelial cells using growth medium and EGF only. With these data collected, we were able to gain insight at the molecular architecture of novel human AUB-PrC cells, which might pave the way for deciphering the mechanisms that lead to PCa development and progression, and ultimately improving prognostic abilities and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Cheaito
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hisham F Bahmad
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hiba Jalloul
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ola Hadadeh
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hiba Msheik
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Albert El-Hajj
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Deborah Mukherji
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mohamed Al-Sayegh
- Biology Division, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Wassim Abou-Kheir
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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Zainuddin N, Jaafart H, Isa MN, Abdullah JM. Loss of heterozygosity on chromosomes 10q, 9p, 17p and 13q in Malays with malignant glioma. Neurol Res 2013; 26:88-92. [PMID: 14977064 DOI: 10.1179/016164104773026598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in neuro-oncology have revealed different pathways of molecular oncogenesis in malignant gliomas including loss of heterozygosity on chromosomal regions harboring tumor suppressor genes. In the present study, we performed polymerase chain reaction-loss of heterozygosity (PCR-LOH) analysis using microsatellite markers to identify loss of heterozygosity on chromosomes 10q, 9p, 17p and 13q in the Malays with malignant gliomas. Of 12 cases with allelic losses, seven (58.3%) cases showed LOH on chromosome 10q, three (25.0%) cases showed LOH on chromosome 9p, four (33.3%) cases showed LOH on chromosome 17p and two (16.7%) cases showed LOH on chromosome 13q. The cases include five (41.7%) cases of glioblastoma multiforme, three (25.0%) cases of anaplastic astrocytoma, three (25.0%) cases of anaplastic oligodendroglioma and one (8.3%) case of anaplastic ependymoma. Four cases showed loss of heterozygosity on more than one locus. Our findings showed that loss of heterozygosity on specific chromosomal regions contributes to the molecular pathway of glioma progression in Malay population. In addition, these data provide useful evidence of molecular genetic alterations of malignant glioma in South East Asian patients, particularly in the East Coast of Malaysia.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Brain Neoplasms/genetics
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Chromosome Aberrations
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 10/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 13/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9/genetics
- DNA Mutational Analysis
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Genes, Tumor Suppressor/physiology
- Glioma/genetics
- Humans
- Loss of Heterozygosity/genetics
- Malaysia
- Male
- Microsatellite Repeats/genetics
- Middle Aged
- Mutation/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Norafiza Zainuddin
- Human Genome Centre, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
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3
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Lack of an additive effect between the deletions of Klf5 and Nkx3-1 in mouse prostatic tumorigenesis. J Genet Genomics 2013; 40:315-8. [PMID: 23790631 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2013.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2013] [Revised: 04/17/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Yamaguchi R, Janssen E, Perkins G, Ellisman M, Kitada S, Reed JC. Efficient elimination of cancer cells by deoxyglucose-ABT-263/737 combination therapy. PLoS One 2011; 6:e24102. [PMID: 21949692 PMCID: PMC3176271 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0024102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2011] [Accepted: 07/31/2011] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
As single agents, ABT-263 and ABT-737 (ABT), molecular antagonists of the Bcl-2 family, bind tightly to Bcl-2, Bcl-xL and Bcl-w, but not to Mcl-1, and induce apoptosis only in limited cell types. The compound 2-deoxyglucose (2DG), in contrast, partially blocks glycolysis, slowing cell growth but rarely causing cell death. Injected into an animal, 2DG accumulates predominantly in tumors but does not harm other tissues. However, when cells that were highly resistant to ABT were pre-treated with 2DG for 3 hours, ABT became a potent inducer of apoptosis, rapidly releasing cytochrome c from the mitochondria and activating caspases at submicromolar concentrations in a Bak/Bax-dependent manner. Bak is normally sequestered in complexes with Mcl-1 and Bcl-xL. 2DG primes cells by interfering with Bak-Mcl-1 association, making it easier for ABT to dissociate Bak from Bcl-xL, freeing Bak to induce apoptosis. A highly active glucose transporter and Bid, as an agent of the mitochondrial apoptotic signal amplification loop, are necessary for efficient apoptosis induction in this system. This combination treatment of cancer-bearing mice was very effective against tumor xenograft from hormone-independent highly metastasized chemo-resistant human prostate cancer cells, suggesting that the combination treatment may provide a safe and effective alternative to genotoxin-based cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuji Yamaguchi
- Program of Cell Death and Apoptosis, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America.
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5
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Noonan EJ, Place RF, Basak S, Pookot D, Li LC. miR-449a causes Rb-dependent cell cycle arrest and senescence in prostate cancer cells. Oncotarget 2011; 1:349-58. [PMID: 20948989 PMCID: PMC2952964 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) that regulate gene expression by repressing translation or triggering the degradation of complementary mRNA sequences. Certain miRNAs have been shown to function as integral components of the p53 and/or retinoblastoma (Rb) regulatory networks. As such, miRNA dysregulation can have a profound effect on cancer development. Previous studies have shown that miR-449a is down-regulated in human prostate cancer tissue and possesses potential tumor suppressor function. In the present study, we identify miR-449a-mediated growth arrest in prostate cancer cells is dependent on the Rb protein. We show that mutant Rb prostate cancer cells (DU-145) are resistant to cell cycle arrest and cellular senescence induced by miR-449a, while overexpression of wild-type Rb in DU-145 sublines (DU-1.1 and B5) restores miR-449a function. In silico analysis of 3'UTR regions reveal a putative miR-449a target site in the transcript of Cyclin D1 (CCND1); an oncogene involved in directly regulating Rb activity and cell cycle progression. Luciferase 3'UTR reporter constructs and inhibitory oligonucleotides confirm that Cyclin D1 is a direct downstream target of miR-449a. We also reveal that miR-449a suppresses Rb phosphorylation through the knockdown of Cyclin D1 and previously validated target HDAC1. By targeting genes involved in controlling Rb activity, miR-449a regulates growth and senescence in an Rb-dependent manner. These data indicate that miR-449a is a miRNA component of the Rb pathway and its tumor suppressor-like effects, in part, depends on Rb status in prostate cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J Noonan
- Center for Molecular Biology in Medicine, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
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6
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Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are frequently overexpressed in broad range of cancer types, where they alter cellular epigenetic programming to promote cell proliferation and survival. However, the mechanism by which HDACs become overexpressed in human cancers remains somewhat of a mystery. In this study, we investigated the expression and functional significance of miR-449a in prostate cancer cells. Using real-time PCR, we found that miR-449a is downregulated in prostate cancer tissues relative to patient-matched control tissue. Introduction of miR-449a into PC-3 prostate cancer cells resulted in cell-cycle arrest, apoptosis and a senescent-like phenotype. In silico analysis of 3'-UTR regions identified a number of genes involved in cell-cycle regulation as putative targets of miR-449a. Using a luciferase 3'-UTR reporter system, we established that HDAC-1 (histone deacetylase 1), a gene that is frequently overexpressed in many types of cancer, is a direct target of miR-449a. Further, our data indicate that miR-449a regulates cell growth and viability in part by repressing the expression of HDAC-1 in prostate cancer cells. Our findings provide new insight into the function of miRNA in regulating HDAC expression in normal versus cancerous tissue.
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Mawji IA, Simpson CD, Hurren R, Gronda M, Williams MA, Filmus J, Jonkman J, Da Costa RS, Wilson BC, Thomas MP, Reed JC, Glinsky GV, Schimmer AD. Critical role for Fas-associated death domain-like interleukin-1-converting enzyme-like inhibitory protein in anoikis resistance and distant tumor formation. J Natl Cancer Inst 2007; 99:811-22. [PMID: 17505076 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djk182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Normal epithelial cells undergo anoikis, or apoptosis on loss of anchorage to the extracellular matrix, by initiating the death receptor pathway of caspase activation. However, malignant epithelial cells with metastatic potential resist anoikis and can survive in an anchorage-independent fashion. We hypothesized that c-Fas-associated death domain-like interleukin-1-converting enzyme-like inhibitory protein (FLIP), an endogenous inhibitor of death receptor signaling, may suppress anoikis. METHODS We assessed viability and apoptosis of PPC-1 prostate cancer cells cultured in adherent and suspension conditions using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium inner salt and Annexin V staining assays. Expression of the death receptor Fas and activation of caspase 8 were measured using flow cytometry. Expression of Fas ligand was measured by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. FLIP protein expression was measured by immunoblotting. Small-molecule inhibitors of FLIP (including the death receptor sensitizer 5809354) and small-interfering (si) RNA directed against FLIP were used to assess the effects of FLIP inhibition on anoikis of prostate cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS PPC-1 cells cultured in suspension resisted anoikis, despite increased expression of Fas (0 versus 8 hours, mean relative percent expression = 100% versus 135%, difference = 35%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 10% to 61%; P = .02) and Fas L (0 versus 24 hours, mean relative percent expression = 100% versus 208%, difference = 108%, 95% CI = 18% to 197%; P = .02). Knockdown of FLIP expression by siRNA or treatment with 5809354 sensitized prostate cancer cells to anoikis (control siRNA versus FLIP siRNA at 10 nM, mean relative percent viability = 95% versus 51%, difference = 44%, 95% CI = 34% to 54%; P<.001; control versus 5809354 at 20 microM, mean relative percent viability = 96% versus 52%, difference = 44%, 95% CI = 13% to 75%; P = .015). Inhibition of FLIP expression specifically activated caspase 8 in PPC-1 cells grown in suspension but not adherent conditions and decreased the metastatic potential of circulating PPC-1 cells in vivo. CONCLUSIONS FLIP may be a suppressor of anoikis and therefore a possible target for antimetastatic therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imtiaz A Mawji
- Ontario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Hospital, 610 University Ave, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5G 2M9
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8
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Sun J, Liu W, Adams TS, Sun J, Li X, Turner AR, Chang B, Kim JW, Zheng SL, Isaacs WB, Xu J. DNA copy number alterations in prostate cancers: a combined analysis of published CGH studies. Prostate 2007; 67:692-700. [PMID: 17342750 DOI: 10.1002/pros.20543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identifying genomic regions that are commonly deleted or gained in neoplastic cells is an important approach to identify tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes. Studies in the last two decades have identified a number of common DNA copy number alterations in prostate cancer. However, because of various sample sizes, diverse tumor types and sources, as well as a variety of detection methods with various sensitivities and resolutions, it is difficult to summarize and fully interpret the overall results. METHODS We performed a combined analysis of all published comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) studies of prostate cancer and estimated the frequency of alterations across the genome for all tumors, as well as in advanced and localized tumors separately. A total of 41 studies examining 872 cancers were included in this study. RESULTS The frequency of deletions and gains were estimated in all tumors, as well as in advanced and localized tumors. Eight deleted and five gained regions were found in more than 10% of the prostate tumors. An additional six regions were commonly deleted and seven were commonly gained in advanced tumors. While 8p was the most common location of deletion, occurring in about a third of all tumors and about half of advanced tumors, 8q was the most commonly gained region, affecting about a quarter of all tumors and about half of all advanced tumors. CONCLUSIONS The large number of tumors examined in this combined analysis provides better estimates of the frequency of specific alterations in the prostate cancer cell genome, and offers important clues for prioritizing efforts to identify tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes in these altered regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jishan Sun
- Center for Human Genomics, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, USA
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9
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Chaudhary J, Schmidt M. The impact of genomic alterations on the transcriptome: a prostate cancer cell line case study. Chromosome Res 2006; 14:567-86. [PMID: 16823619 DOI: 10.1007/s10577-006-1055-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2006] [Revised: 03/24/2006] [Accepted: 03/24/2006] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Genetic instability may lead to the loss/gain of transcriptional control. Here we investigated the effect of genomic instability, that is loss/gain of chromosomal regions on the global transcriptome of prostate cancer cell line DU145. The genomic loss/gain map obtained through BAC array-based CGH was superimposed on the dynamic transcriptome of DU145 cells treated with serum for 0 h (serum starved), 2 h and 12 h. The genomic analysis suggested that in DU145 cells: (1) chromosomal gains are prominent than losses and (2) copy number changes are associated with chromosome-specific and dynamic gene expression regulatory mechanisms. A significant proportion of the genes in the stable regions of the chromosome were up-regulated whereas a higher proportion of genes were down-regulated at 2 and 12 h in the deleted regions of the chromosomes following serum treatment. No change in expression was observed for the genes in the gained regions over a period of time. This analysis led us to propose that loss of heterozygosity leads to an overall transcriptional down-regulation that may further lead to a decrease in the expression of putative tumor suppressors. The genomic profile of DU145 is similar to pathological specimens of prostate cancer, hence the genomic/transcriptomic signature of DU145 can be used to understand the pathology of prostate cancer. It is expected that this analysis will allow a better understanding of transcriptional regulatory mechanisms in the context of genomic loss and gain and may lead to the discovery of novel oncogenes and tumor suppressors and the underlying regulatory pathways.
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MESH Headings
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Chromosomal Instability/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 14
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 18
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 5
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 8
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Genomic Instability/genetics
- Humans
- Loss of Heterozygosity
- Male
- Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
- Prostatic Neoplasms/genetics
- Transcription, Genetic/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- J Chaudhary
- 4029D RCST, Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutics Development, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA.
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Buhmeida A, Pyrhönen S, Laato M, Collan Y. Prognostic factors in prostate cancer. Diagn Pathol 2006; 1:4. [PMID: 16759347 PMCID: PMC1479371 DOI: 10.1186/1746-1596-1-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2006] [Accepted: 04/03/2006] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Prognostic factors in organ confined prostate cancer will reflect survival after surgical radical prostatectomy. Gleason score, tumour volume, surgical margins and Ki-67 index have the most significant prognosticators. Also the origins from the transitional zone, p53 status in cancer tissue, stage, and aneuploidy have shown prognostic significance. Progression-associated features include Gleason score, stage, and capsular invasion, but PSA is also highly significant. Progression can also be predicted with biological markers (E-cadherin, microvessel density, and aneuploidy) with high level of significance. Other prognostic features of clinical or PSA-associated progression include age, IGF-1, p27, and Ki-67. In patients who were treated with radiotherapy the survival was potentially predictable with age, race and p53, but available research on other markers is limited. The most significant published survival-associated prognosticators of prostate cancer with extension outside prostate are microvessel density and total blood PSA. However, survival can potentially be predicted by other markers like androgen receptor, and Ki-67-positive cell fraction. In advanced prostate cancer nuclear morphometry and Gleason score are the most highly significant progression-associated prognosticators. In conclusion, Gleason score, capsular invasion, blood PSA, stage, and aneuploidy are the best markers of progression in organ confined disease. Other biological markers are less important. In advanced disease Gleason score and nuclear morphometry can be used as predictors of progression. Compound prognostic factors based on combinations of single prognosticators, or on gene expression profiles (tested by DNA arrays) are promising, but clinically relevant data is still lacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Buhmeida
- Departments of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - S Pyrhönen
- Departments of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - M Laato
- Departments of Surgery, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Y Collan
- Departments of Pathology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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Chaffer CL, Dopheide B, McCulloch DR, Lee AB, Moseley JM, Thompson EW, Williams ED. Upregulated MT1-MMP/TIMP-2 axis in the TSU-Pr1-B1/B2 model of metastatic progression in transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. Clin Exp Metastasis 2005; 22:115-25. [PMID: 16086232 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-005-5141-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2004] [Accepted: 03/25/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Muscle invasive transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the bladder is associated with a high frequency of metastasis, resulting in poor prognosis for patients presenting with this disease. Models that capture and demonstrate step-wise enhancement of elements of the human metastatic cascade on a similar genetic background are useful research tools. We have utilized the transitional cell carcinoma cell line TSU-Pr1 to develop an in vivo experimental model of bladder TCC metastasis. TSU-Pr1 cells were inoculated into the left cardiac ventricle of SCID mice and the development of bone metastases was monitored using high resolution X-ray. Tumor tissue from a single bone lesion was excised and cultured in vitro to generate the TSU-Pr1-B1 subline. This cycle was repeated with the TSU-Pr1-B1 cells to generate the successive subline TSU-Pr1-B2. DNA profiling and karyotype analysis confirmed the genetic relationship of these three cell lines. In vitro, the growth rate of these cell lines was not significantly different. However, following intracardiac inoculation TSU-Pr1, TSU-Pr1-B1 and TSU-Pr1-B2 exhibited increasing metastatic potential with a concomitant decrease in time to the onset of radiologically detectable metastatic bone lesions. Significant elevations in the levels of mRNA expression of the matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) membrane type 1-MMP (MT1-MMP), MT2-MMP and MMP-9, and their inhibitor, tissue inhibitor of metalloprotease-2 (TIMP-2), across the progressively metastatic cell lines, were detected by quantitative PCR. Given the role of MT1-MMP and TIMP-2 in MMP-2 activation, and the upregulation of MMP-9, these data suggest an important role for matrix remodeling, particularly basement membrane, in this progression. The TSU-Pr1-B1/B2 model holds promise for further identification of important molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine L Chaffer
- Bernard O'Brien Institute of Microsurgery, University of Melbourne, Australia
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12
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Lauffart B, Vaughan MM, Eddy R, Chervinsky D, DiCioccio RA, Black JD, Still IH. Aberrations of TACC1 and TACC3 are associated with ovarian cancer. BMC WOMENS HEALTH 2005; 5:8. [PMID: 15918899 PMCID: PMC1175095 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6874-5-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2005] [Accepted: 05/26/2005] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysregulation of the human Transforming Acidic Coiled Coil (TACC) genes is thought to be important in the development and progression of multiple myeloma, breast and gastric cancer. Recent, large-scale genomic analysis and Serial Analysis of Gene Expression data suggest that TACC1 and TACC3 may also be involved in the etiology of ovarian tumors from both familial and sporadic cases. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the occurrence of alterations of these TACCs in ovarian cancer. METHODS Detection and scoring of TACC1 and TACC3 expression was performed by immunohistochemical analysis of the T-BO-1 tissue/tumor microarray slide from the Cooperative Human Tissue Network, Tissue Array Research Program (TARP) of the National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA. Tumors were categorized as either positive (greater than 10% of cells staining) or negative. Statistical analysis was performed using Fisher's exact test and p < 0.05 (single comparisons), and p < 0.02 (multiple comparisons) were considered to be significant. Transgenomics WAVE high performance liquid chromatography (dHPLC) was used to pre-screen the TACC3 gene in constitutional DNA from ovarian cancer patients and their unaffected relatives from 76 families from the Gilda Radner Familial Ovarian Cancer Registry. All variant patterns were then sequenced. RESULTS This study demonstrated absence of at least one or both TACC proteins in 78.5% (51/65) of ovarian tumors tested, with TACC3 loss observed in 67.7% of tumors. The distribution pattern of expression of the two TACC proteins was different, with TACC3 loss being more common in serous papillary carcinoma compared with clear cell carcinomas, while TACC1 staining was less frequent in endometroid than in serous papillary tumor cores. In addition, we identified two constitutional mutations in the TACC3 gene in patients with ovarian cancer from the Gilda Radner Familial Ovarian Cancer Registry. These patients had previously tested negative for mutations in known ovarian cancer predisposing genes. CONCLUSION When combined, our data suggest that aberrations of TACC genes, and TACC3 in particular, underlie a significant proportion of ovarian cancers. Thus, TACC3 could be a hitherto unknown endogenous factor that contributes to ovarian tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Lauffart
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, New York, 14263, USA
| | - Mary M Vaughan
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, New York, 14263, USA
| | - Roger Eddy
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, New York, 14263, USA
| | - David Chervinsky
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, New York, 14263, USA
| | - Richard A DiCioccio
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, New York, 14263, USA
- Gilda Radner Familial Ovarian Cancer Registry, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, New York, 14263, USA
| | - Jennifer D Black
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, New York, 14263, USA
| | - Ivan H Still
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, New York, 14263, USA
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Abstract
PURPOSE This is part 1 of a 2-part review. Research into the molecular mechanisms underlying the various aspects of prostate cancer (PCa) requires the use of in vivo and in vitro model systems. In the last few years many new cell lines have been established by investigators from primary tissue sources and clonal derivatives of previously established lines. Therefore, the purpose of this 2-part review is to catalogue the current human cell lines developed for PCa research, as reported in the literature. Part 1 includes tissue culture cell lines derived from metastases, primary tumors and nonadenocarcinomas that were established without the use of transgenes. It also includes a section describing lines that have been contaminated with other lines, shown not to be of prostatic origin or whose identity is being challenged. MATERIALS AND METHODS Prostate cell lines included in this review were identified by extensive searching of the literature using several strategies, including PubMed searches and book chapter reviews. RESULTS In total we describe the derivation, phenotype, genotype and characterization of molecular markers expressed by approximately 200 lines and sublines used in PCa research, including those derived from primary tumors, metastases and normal prostate tissue. We paid particular attention to the expression of prostate specific antigen, androgen receptor, cytokeratins and other molecular markers used to indicate the status of PCa and the prostatic lineage of a given line. In an attempt to provide PCa researchers with a resource of information regarding new and established cell lines we have also created an online database of these PCa cell lines freely accessible via the World Wide Web at http://www.CaPCellLines.com. The web based interface allows researchers to peruse and print information regarding cell lines, add new cell lines and update or add new information regarding established cell lines. CONCLUSIONS This compendium of cell lines currently used in PCa research combined with access to our on-line database provides researchers with a continually updated and valuable resource for investigating the molecular mechanisms of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- R E Sobel
- Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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14
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Mattila E, Pellinen T, Nevo J, Vuoriluoto K, Arjonen A, Ivaska J. Negative regulation of EGFR signalling through integrin-α1β1-mediated activation of protein tyrosine phosphatase TCPTP. Nat Cell Biol 2004; 7:78-85. [PMID: 15592458 DOI: 10.1038/ncb1209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2004] [Accepted: 11/19/2004] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Integrin-mediated cell adhesion regulates a multitude of cellular responses, including proliferation, survival and cross-talk between different cellular signalling pathways. So far, integrins have been mainly shown to convey permissive signals enabling anchorage-dependent receptor tyrosine kinase signalling. Here we show that a collagen-binding integrin alpha(1)beta(1) functions as a negative regulator of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signalling through the activation of a protein tyrosine phosphatase. The cytoplasmic tail of alpha(1) integrin selectively interacts with a ubiquitously expressed protein tyrosine phosphatase TCPTP (T-cell protein tyrosine phosphatase) and activates it after cell adhesion to collagen. The activation results in reduced EGFR phosphorylation after EGF stimulation. Introduction of the alpha(1) cytoplasmic domain peptide into cells induces phosphatase activation and inhibits EGF-induced cell proliferation and anchorage-independent growth of malignant cells. These data are the first demonstration of the regulation of TCPTP activity in vivo and represent a new molecular paradigm of integrin-mediated negative regulation of receptor tyrosine kinase signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina Mattila
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Medical Biotechnology and University of Turku Centre for Biotechnology, Turku FIN-20520, Finland
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15
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Rakheja D, Weinberg AG, Tomlinson GE, Partridge K, Schneider NR. Translocation (10;17)(q22;p13): a recurring translocation in clear cell sarcoma of kidney. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 154:175-9. [PMID: 15474157 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2004.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2004] [Revised: 02/26/2004] [Accepted: 02/26/2004] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A clear cell sarcoma from the kidney of a 12-month-old male child manifested a balanced translocation, t(10;17)(q22;p13). This is the second report of this cytogenetic abnormality in renal clear cell sarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Rakheja
- Department of Pathology, MC 9073, Children's Medical Center of Dallas and the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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16
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Hermans KG, van Alewijk DC, Veltman JA, van Weerden W, van Kessel AG, Trapman J. Loss of a small region around the PTEN locus is a major chromosome 10 alteration in prostate cancer xenografts and cell lines. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2004; 39:171-84. [PMID: 14732919 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.10311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
We examined 11 prostate cancer xenografts and 4 cell lines for chromosome 10 alterations. Conventional comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) and array-based CGH revealed a pattern of loss of distal 10p, gain of proximal 10p and 10q, and loss of distal 10q. In addition, array CGH identified 2 high-level amplifications in the cell line PC3, homozygous deletions of PTEN in PC3 and in the xenografts PCEW, PC133, and PC324, and small single- or double-copy deletions around PTEN in PCEW, PC82, PC324, PC346, and LNCaP. Allelotype analysis confirmed all 10p losses, 5 of 6 large 10q losses, the homozygous deletions, and the small regions of one copy loss. MXI1, DMBT1, and KLF6 were excluded as important tumor-suppressor genes. The sizes of homozygous deletions around PTEN ranged from 1.2 Mbp (PC133) to <30 kbp (PTEN exon 5 in PC295). The regions of small single- or double-copy loss around PTEN were all less than 4.5 Mbp. The loss of 1 or 2 copies of PTEN was always accompanied by loss of the distal flanking gene FLJ11218 and, in most cases, by loss of the proximal flanking genes MINPP1, PAPSS2, and FLJ14600. Furthermore, differential expression was detected for FLJ11218 and PAPSS2. Complete deletion or inactivating mutation of PAPSS2 was found in at least 3 samples. In addition to 4 homozygous deletions, 1 missense mutation was detected in FLJ11218. In conclusion, our data provide evidence that loss of a small region around PTEN is the major chromosome 10 alteration in prostate cancer xenografts and cell lines. In some of the samples, PTEN inactivation was accompanied by loss of 1 MINPP1 allele, loss of 1 copy, mutation, or low expression of PAPSS2, and most frequently by loss of 1 or 2 copies or low expression of FLJ11218.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin G Hermans
- Department of Pathology, Josephine Nefkens Institute, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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17
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van Bokhoven A, Caires A, Maria MD, Schulte AP, Lucia MS, Nordeen SK, Miller GJ, Varella-Garcia M. Spectral karyotype (SKY) analysis of human prostate carcinoma cell lines. Prostate 2003; 57:226-44. [PMID: 14518030 DOI: 10.1002/pros.10291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Well-characterized in vitro model systems provide an invaluable tool for studying prostate cancer in the laboratory. Detailed karyotypes have been reported using modern techniques such as multiplex fluorescence in situ hybridization (M-FISH) and spectral karyotyping (SKY) for LNCaP, DU 145, NCI-H660, and PC-3 cell lines. However, karyotypic data for more recently established prostate carcinoma cell lines are still limited. METHODS Classical (G-banding) and SKY analyses were performed on ten prostate carcinoma cell lines: 22Rv1, CWR-R1, DuCaP, LAPC-4, MDA PCa 1, MDA PCa 2a, MDA PCa 2b, PC-346C, PSK-1, and VCaP. RESULTS Chromosomal abnormalities were identified in all cell lines, although the number and complexity varied greatly among them. PC-346C, established from a primary tumor, exhibited the lowest number (3) of clonal structural abnormalities, while DuCaP, established from a metastasis from a hormone-refractory patient, exhibited both the highest number (31) and largest complexity of structural abnormalities. In various subsets of these models, breakpoints were identified in chromosomal regions previously described as being involved in prostate cancer (e.g., 8p, 10q, 13q, and 16q). CONCLUSIONS The present study provides a comprehensive karyotypic analysis of a large number of prostate carcinoma cell lines, and offers a valuable resource for future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrie van Bokhoven
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado 80262, USA
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18
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van Bokhoven A, Varella-Garcia M, Korch C, Johannes WU, Smith EE, Miller HL, Nordeen SK, Miller GJ, Lucia MS. Molecular characterization of human prostate carcinoma cell lines. Prostate 2003; 57:205-25. [PMID: 14518029 DOI: 10.1002/pros.10290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 451] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study presents a comprehensive survey and characterization of available prostate carcinoma cell lines, most of which have been widely used but are incompletely characterized. METHODS A total of 21 cell lines were investigated, including three "classical" (DU 145, LNCaP, and PC-3) and 18 "non-classical" lines (1013L, 22Rv1, ALVA-55, ALVA-101, ARCaP, CWR-R1, DuCaP, DuPro-1, LAPC-4, MDA PCa 1, MDA PCa 2a, MDA PCa 2b, NCI-H660, PC-346C, PC-93, PSK-1, UM-SCP-1, and VCaP). Cytogenetics, DNA profiling, expression of basal, luminal, and neuroendocrine differentiation markers, and mutation analyses of the TP53 and androgen receptor (AR) genes were performed. RESULTS Based on cytogenetics and DNA profiling analyses, out of the 18 "non-classical" lines, six were confirmed to be unique, eight (in four pairs) were confirmed to be related in origin, and four lines were identified as cross-contaminants. Of this latter group, PC-93 was found to be a derivative of HeLa, whereas DuPro-1, ALVA-55, and ALVA-101 were derivatives of PC-3. The 17 genuine prostate cell lines expressed keratin 8 (K8) and K18. Nine showed AR expression, of which five harbored mutations in the AR gene. Prostate-specific antigen and DD3 were exclusively detected in AR expressing cell lines. Seven lines expressed the basal cell marker K5, three of these lines showed co-expression of AR. CONCLUSIONS This study defines a collection of 17 genuine prostate carcinoma cell lines. This collection, although small, constitutes a variety of different types and stages of prostate cancer, while it also partly reflects the heterogeneous nature of this malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrie van Bokhoven
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado 80262, USA.
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19
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Prochazkova M, Chevret E, Beylot-Barry M, Sobotka J, Vergier B, Delaunay M, Turmo M, Ferrer J, Kuglik P, Merlio JP. Chromosomal imbalances: a hallmark of tumour relapse in primary cutaneous CD30+ T-cell lymphoma. J Pathol 2003; 201:421-9. [PMID: 14595754 DOI: 10.1002/path.1469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Primary cutaneous CD30+ large T-cell lymphoma (CD30+ CTCL) is a subset of non-epidermotropic primary cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Although frequent spontaneous regression may be observed, skin relapses occur frequently. Cytogenetic abnormalities that could play a role in CD30+ CTCL tumour pathogenesis and relapses remain unknown. The identification of recurrent cytogenetic abnormalities is hampered by difficulty in culturing tumours and the lack of CD30+ CTCL serial studies comparing genetic changes both at diagnosis and at relapse. The purpose of this study was to investigate the cytogenetic abnormalities present in a series of 13 CD30+ CTCL samples obtained from nine patients fulfilling both EORTC and WHO diagnostic criteria, by the use of comparative genomic hybridization (CGH). CGH analysis revealed a non-random distribution of genetic imbalances between relapsing and non-relapsing disease. In relapsing disease, chromosomal abnormalities were detected both in the primary tumour and in relapses. The mean number of changes in non-relapsing disease was 0.33 (range 0-1), compared with 6.29 (range 1-16) in relapsing disease. The recurrent chromosomes involved in relapsing disease were chromosomes 6 (86%), 9 (86%), and 18 (43%). While chromosome 9 was mostly affected by gain, chromosomes 6 and 18 mainly contained regions of loss, exclusively on 6q and 18p. The common regions of deletion were 6q21 and 18p11.3. In one patient, we successfully cultured tumour cells from a skin biopsy from a second relapse. The G-banded karyotype was concordant with both CGH and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) results. Although further studies are required to strengthen these data, this CGH analysis demonstrates chromosomal imbalances that may be involved in the pathogenesis of relapsing CD30+ CTCL.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Chromosome Aberrations
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 18/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 6/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9/genetics
- DNA, Neoplasm/analysis
- Gene Deletion
- Gene Rearrangement
- Humans
- Hybridization, Genetic/genetics
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence/methods
- Karyotyping/methods
- Ki-1 Antigen/genetics
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/genetics
- Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous/genetics
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/genetics
- Skin Neoplasms/genetics
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Prochazkova
- Histology and Molecular Pathology Laboratory, EA2406, V Segalen University, Bordeaux, France
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20
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Bubendorf L. Cytogenetics of Prostate Cancer. Prostate Cancer 2003. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-56321-8_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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21
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Laitinen S, Karhu R, Sawyers CL, Vessella RL, Visakorpi T. Chromosomal aberrations in prostate cancer xenografts detected by comparative genomic hybridization. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2002; 35:66-73. [PMID: 12203791 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.10097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A major problem in studying prostate cancer has been the lack of model systems because of the difficulties in growing prostate cancer cells in vitro. Recently, however, several human prostate cancer xenografts, grown in immune-deficient mice, have been established. Here, we characterized 13 such xenografts (LuCaP 23.8, 23.12, 35, 41, 49, 58, 69, 70, 73, LAPC-4AD, LAPC-4AI, LAPC-9AD, and LAPC-9AI) as well as one prostate cancer cell line (22Rv1) derived from a xenograft for chromosomal alterations by comparative genomic hybridization and a modification of multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization. On average, the xenografts contained 13 (range 5-28) aberrations, 5 (1-13) gains, and 8 (1-15) losses, per case. The chromosome arms that most often contained losses were 2q, 5q, 6q, 8p, 13q, and 18q, and gains were 7q, 8q, and Xq. The same regions were previously shown to be often altered in advanced prostate carcinomas in patients. The androgen-dependent and corresponding androgen-independent sublines of LAPC-4 and LAPC-9 shared all genetic alterations, suggesting that the transition of the growth from androgen dependency to independence does not involve major chromosomal aberrations in these two models. In conclusion, the identified genetic aberrations lay the groundwork for further detailed genetic analyses of these xenografts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sari Laitinen
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Institute of Medical Technology, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
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22
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Porkka K, Saramäki O, Tanner M, Visakorpi T. Amplification and overexpression of Elongin C gene discovered in prostate cancer by cDNA microarrays. J Transl Med 2002; 82:629-37. [PMID: 12004003 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.3780457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional significance of several oncogenes is mediated by overexpression. To identify overexpressed genes in prostate cancer, we analyzed expression of 1081 transcripts in three prostate cancer cell lines (PC-3, DU145, and LNCaP) using cDNA microarray hybridization. The cDNA microarray analyses were validated by quantitative real-time RT-PCR. On average, 64% of the genes were expressed at detectable levels in the cell lines. Next, the expression profiles were combined with the data on DNA sequence copy number alterations in the cell lines obtained by comparative genomic hybridization. The genes for Elongin C and urokinase type plasminogen-activator, both located in the regions of amplification in the PC-3 cell line (8q21 and 10q22, respectively), were found to be overexpressed in the PC-3. Amplification and overexpression of urokinase type plasminogen-activator in prostate cancer has previously been reported. Here, fluorescence in situ hybridization on tissue microarray showed high-level amplification of the Elongin C gene in 8 (23%) of 35 hormone-refractory carcinomas but in none of the untreated prostate carcinomas (n = 35). Finally, it was shown that the Elongin C gene was overexpressed and amplified also in breast cancer cell line SK-Br-3. The results indicate that Elongin C is a putative target gene for 8q amplification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kati Porkka
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Institute of Medical Technology, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
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23
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Wolter H, Gottfried HW, Mattfeldt T. Genetic changes in stage pT2N0 prostate cancer studied by comparative genomic hybridization. BJU Int 2002; 89:310-6. [PMID: 11856117 DOI: 10.1046/j.1464-4096.2001.01722.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify chromosomal regions important for progression in clinically organ-confined prostate cancer, as the genetic changes underlying the development and progression of prostate cancer are poorly understood. MATERIALS AND METHODS Comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) was used to search for DNA sequence copy-number changes in a series of 50 primary organ-confined prostate adenocarcinomas (pT2N0) removed by radical prostatectomy. RESULTS CGH analysis indicated that 23 (46%) of the primary prostate adenocarcinomas showed chromosome alterations. The percentage of tumours with losses (38%) was higher than with gains (28%). Losses of 13q (24%), 8p (18%), 6q (10%), 16q (8%), 18q (6%) and 5q (6%) and gains of 17q (12%), 20q (12%), 9q (10%), 17p (8%) and 8q (6%) were the most frequent alterations. Amplifications were found at 8q24-qter. Minimal overlapping regions of loss, indicative of the presence of tumour-suppressor genes, were mapped to 13q21.1-q21.3 and 8p21.2, and minimal overlapping regions of gain, indicative of the presence of oncogenes, were found at 9q34.4-qter, 17q25-qter and 20q13.3-qter. There was a significant association between Gleason score and losses and gains (P = 0.003), and an association between chromosomal imbalance and high histological grade (P = 0.008). CONCLUSION These results suggest that losses or gains of DNA in these regions are important for prostate cancer progression, and document the spectrum of chromosomal alterations in stage pT2N0 of clinically organ-confined prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Wolter
- Department of Pathology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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24
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Varella-Garcia M, Boomer T, Miller GJ. Karyotypic similarity identified by multiplex-FISH relates four prostate adenocarcinoma cell lines: PC-3, PPC-1, ALVA-31, and ALVA-41. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2001; 31:303-15. [PMID: 11433521 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.1149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently developed molecular cytogenetic techniques for karyotyping are providing new and important insights regarding the chromosomal changes that occur in solid tumors. We used multiplex-FISH to analyze four adenocarcinoma cell lines, PC-3, PPC-1, ALVA-31, and ALVA-41, in which the characterization of a large number of rearranged chromosomes was partially or substantially inconclusive by G-banding. Although the original descriptions of these lines depict them as distinct entities established from different patients, this study demonstrates that these four lines share numerous, highly rearranged chromosomes, strongly supporting the conclusion that they are derived from the same patient material. Our analysis indicates that PPC-1, ALVA-31, and ALVA-41 were derived from PC-3 through mechanisms involving clonal progression represented by sequential changes and clonal diversion represented by differing patterns of changes. Extensive cellular heterogeneity was detected in all four lines, and most rearrangements included segments derived from multiple chromosomes. Each line also showed a set of unique derivative chromosomes. However, a limited number of metaphase cells (approximately 10) was analyzed for each line, and numerous single-cell abnormalities were detected in all of them. Therefore, it is plausible that the number of clonal, shared, and/or unique rearrangements has been underestimated. These cell lines have been utilized as models for understanding the biology of prostate cancer and reportedly differ in their cell physiology. Rather than detracting from their value, a complete understanding of the interrelationships of these lines to one another may provide the opportunity to define the molecular changes that have led to their individual malignant phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Varella-Garcia
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, 4200 E. 9th Avenue, Denver, CO 80262, USA
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