1
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Rodríguez-Flórez LV, González-Marcos M, García-Mingüens E, Retamosa MDG, Kawase M, Selva E, Sansano JM. Phosphine Catalyzed Michael-Type Additions: The Synthesis of Glutamic Acid Derivatives from Arylidene- α-amino Esters. Molecules 2024; 29:342. [PMID: 38257255 PMCID: PMC10820836 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29020342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The reaction of arylidene-α-amino esters with electrophilic alkenes to yield Michael-type addition compounds is optimized using several phosphines as organocatalysts. The transformation is very complicated due to the generation of several final compounds, including those derived from the 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions. For this reason, the selection of the reaction conditions is a very complex task and the slow addition of the acrylic system is very important to complete the process. The study of the variation in the structural components of the starting imino ester is performed as well as the expansion of other electron-poor alkenes. The crude products have a purity higher than 90% in most cases without any purification. A plausible mechanism is detailed based on the bibliography and the experimental results. The synthesis of pyroglutamate entities, after the reduction of the imino group and cyclization, is performed in high yields. In addition, the hydrolysis of the imino group, under acidic media, represents a direct access to glutamate surrogates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesly V. Rodríguez-Flórez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA) and Instituto de Síntesis Orgánica, Universidad de Alicante, Ctra. Alicante-San Vicente s/n, 03080 Alicante, Spain
| | - María González-Marcos
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA) and Instituto de Síntesis Orgánica, Universidad de Alicante, Ctra. Alicante-San Vicente s/n, 03080 Alicante, Spain
| | - Eduardo García-Mingüens
- Medalchemy, S. L. Ancha de Castelar, 46-48, entlo. A. San Vicente del Raspeig, 03690 Alicante, Spain
| | - María de Gracia Retamosa
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA) and Instituto de Síntesis Orgánica, Universidad de Alicante, Ctra. Alicante-San Vicente s/n, 03080 Alicante, Spain
| | - Misa Kawase
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA) and Instituto de Síntesis Orgánica, Universidad de Alicante, Ctra. Alicante-San Vicente s/n, 03080 Alicante, Spain
| | - Elisabet Selva
- Medalchemy, S. L. Ancha de Castelar, 46-48, entlo. A. San Vicente del Raspeig, 03690 Alicante, Spain
| | - José M. Sansano
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA) and Instituto de Síntesis Orgánica, Universidad de Alicante, Ctra. Alicante-San Vicente s/n, 03080 Alicante, Spain
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2
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Freis M, Balkenhohl M, Fischer DM, Georgiev T, Sarott RC, Carreira EM. Cobalt-Catalyzed Aerobic Aminocyclization of Unsaturated Amides for the Synthesis of Functionalized γ- and δ-Lactams. Org Lett 2023; 25:6380-6384. [PMID: 37610083 PMCID: PMC10476186 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
We report the cobalt-catalyzed aminocyclization of unsaturated N-acyl sulfonamides in the presence of oxygen to provide γ- and δ-lactam aldehydes. Use of an optically active cobalt catalyst resulted in the formation of enantiomerically enriched γ-and δ-lactam alcohols. The γ-lactam aldehydes and alcohols obtained were elaborated into useful building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Freis
- ETH Zürich, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Laboratory
of Organic Chemistry, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Moritz Balkenhohl
- ETH Zürich, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Laboratory
of Organic Chemistry, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - David M. Fischer
- ETH Zürich, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Laboratory
of Organic Chemistry, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Tony Georgiev
- ETH Zürich, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Laboratory
of Organic Chemistry, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Roman C. Sarott
- ETH Zürich, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Laboratory
of Organic Chemistry, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Erick M. Carreira
- ETH Zürich, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Laboratory
of Organic Chemistry, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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3
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Seibel ZM, Bandar JS, Lambert TH. Enantioenriched α-substituted glutamates/pyroglutamates via enantioselective cyclopropenimine-catalyzed Michael addition of amino ester imines. Beilstein J Org Chem 2021; 17:2077-2084. [PMID: 34476014 PMCID: PMC8381810 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.17.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A procedure for the enantioselective synthesis of α-substituted glutamates and pyroglutamates via a cyclopropenimine-catalyzed Michael addition of amino ester imines is described. Enantioselectivities of up to 94% have been achieved, and a variety of functional groups were found to be compatible. The impact of the catalyst structure and imine substitution is discussed. Compared to other methods, this protocol allows for a broader and more enantioselective access to pyroglutamate derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zara M Seibel
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Bandar
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Tristan H Lambert
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA.,Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
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4
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Affiliation(s)
- Lona Dutta
- Organic Synthesis and Catalysis Lab Department of Chemical Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali Knowledge City, Sector 81, S. A. S. Nagar Manauli PO Punjab 140306 India
| | - Atanu Mondal
- Organic Synthesis and Catalysis Lab Department of Chemical Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali Knowledge City, Sector 81, S. A. S. Nagar Manauli PO Punjab 140306 India
| | - S. S. V. Ramasastry
- Organic Synthesis and Catalysis Lab Department of Chemical Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali Knowledge City, Sector 81, S. A. S. Nagar Manauli PO Punjab 140306 India
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5
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Li F, Jäger V. Synthesis of proteasome inhibitor 6-deoxy-omuralide and its enantiomer using stereoselective alkylation of substituted proline ester. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:4423-4432. [PMID: 32469026 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01053g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
A potent 20S proteasome inhibitor, 6-deoxy-omuralide was stereoselectively synthesized in 20 steps with 5.1% overall yield staring from a chiral boron agent and d-glyceraldehyde acetonide. The stereoselective alkylation of the substituted proline ester with 3-iodo-2-methylprop-1-ene served as the key step. The enantiomer of 6-deoxy-omuralide was achieved in 20 steps with 4.6% overall yield by just changing the chiral boron reagents in the first step. Our current work provides a flexible approach to 6-deoxy-omuralide and its enantiomer with the adornment at the C4 position.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Li
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, Stuttgart 70569, Germany.
| | - Volker Jäger
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, Stuttgart 70569, Germany.
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6
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Liu J, Ye W, Wang S, Zheng J, Tang W, Li X. Synthesis of Lactams via Ir-Catalyzed C-H Amidation Involving Ir-Nitrene Intermediates. J Org Chem 2020; 85:4430-4440. [PMID: 32103669 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
x-membered lactams were synthesized via either an amidation of sp3 C-H bonds or an electrophilic substitution of arenes via Ir-nitrene intermediates. With the employment of a readily available iridium catalyst in dichloromethane or hexafluoro-2-propanol, a wide range of lactams were synthesized in good to excellent yields with high selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitian Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China.,College of Chemistry and Molecule Engineering, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Wenjing Ye
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States.,Key Laboratory of Structure Based Drug Design and Discovery, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Shuojin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, P. R. China
| | - Junrong Zheng
- College of Chemistry and Molecule Engineering, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Weiping Tang
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Xiaoxun Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
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7
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Bulman Page PC, Goodyear RL, Chan Y, Slawin AMZ, Allin SM. Formal synthesis of (+)-lactacystin from l-serine. RSC Adv 2019; 9:30019-30032. [PMID: 35531531 PMCID: PMC9072140 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra07244f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A formal, stereocontrolled synthesis of lactacystin has been completed from t-Bu-O-l-serine, providing the key intermediate 13, also useful for the generation of a range of C-9 analogues. A formal, stereocontrolled synthesis of lactacystin has been completed from t-Bu-O-l-serine.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ross L. Goodyear
- School of Chemistry
- University of East Anglia
- Norwich Research Park
- Norwich
- UK
| | - Yohan Chan
- School of Chemistry
- University of East Anglia
- Norwich Research Park
- Norwich
- UK
| | | | - Steven M. Allin
- School of Science & Technology
- Nottingham Trent University
- Nottingham NG11 8NS
- UK
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8
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Eto K, Ishihara J, Hatakeyama S. Stereoselective synthesis of the right-hand cores of 16-methylated oxazolomycins. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2017.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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9
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Bulman Page PC, Goodyear RL, Horton AE, Chan Y, Karim R, O’Connell MA, Hamilton C, Slawin AMZ, Buckley BR, Allin SM. Formal Total Synthesis of (+)-C9-Deoxyomuralide from l-Leucine Using a Double Sacrificial Chirality Transfer Approach. J Org Chem 2017; 82:12209-12223. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b02078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Benjamin R. Buckley
- Department
of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
| | - Steven M. Allin
- School of Science & Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton, Nottingham NG11 8NS, United Kingdom
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10
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Fernandes RA, Kattanguru P, Gholap SP, Chaudhari DA. Recent advances in the Overman rearrangement: synthesis of natural products and valuable compounds. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:2672-2710. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob02625g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
This review documents the reports since 2005 on the Overman rearrangement, an important C–N bond forming reaction that has been profoundly used in the synthesis of natural products, synthetic intermediates, building blocks and valuable compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodney A. Fernandes
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay
- Mumbai 400076
- India
| | - Pullaiah Kattanguru
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay
- Mumbai 400076
- India
| | - Sachin P. Gholap
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay
- Mumbai 400076
- India
| | - Dipali A. Chaudhari
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay
- Mumbai 400076
- India
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11
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Huang X, Liu M, Pham K, Zhang X, Yi WB, Jasinski JP, Zhang W. Organocatalytic One-Pot Asymmetric Synthesis of Thiolated Spiro-γ-lactam Oxindoles Bearing Three Stereocenters. J Org Chem 2016; 81:5362-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b00653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Huang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, 100 Morrissey Boulevard, Boston, Massachusetts 02125, United States
| | - Miao Liu
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, 100 Morrissey Boulevard, Boston, Massachusetts 02125, United States
| | - Kenny Pham
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, 100 Morrissey Boulevard, Boston, Massachusetts 02125, United States
| | - Xiaofeng Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, 100 Morrissey Boulevard, Boston, Massachusetts 02125, United States
| | - Wen-Bin Yi
- School
of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Jerry P. Jasinski
- Department
of Chemistry, Keene State College, Keene, New Hampshire 03435-2001, United States
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, 100 Morrissey Boulevard, Boston, Massachusetts 02125, United States
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12
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Huo C, Yuan Y. Brønsted Acid-Catalyzed Three-Component Reaction of Anilines, α-Oxoaldehydes, and α-Angelicalactone for the Synthesis of Complex Pyrrolidones. J Org Chem 2015; 80:12704-10. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b02354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Congde Huo
- Key Laboratory
of Eco-Environment-Related
Polymer Materials Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and
Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
| | - Yong Yuan
- Key Laboratory
of Eco-Environment-Related
Polymer Materials Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and
Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
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13
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Yoshioka S, Nagatomo M, Inoue M. Application of Two Direct C(sp3)–H Functionalizations for Total Synthesis of (+)-Lactacystin. Org Lett 2014; 17:90-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ol503291s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shun Yoshioka
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical
Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Masanori Nagatomo
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical
Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Masayuki Inoue
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical
Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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14
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Hoshimoto Y, Ohata T, Sasaoka Y, Ohashi M, Ogoshi S. Nickel(0)-Catalyzed [2 + 2 + 1] Carbonylative Cycloaddition of Imines and Alkynes or Norbornene Leading to γ-Lactams. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:15877-80. [DOI: 10.1021/ja509171a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoichi Hoshimoto
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Frontier
Research Base for Global Young Researchers, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tomoya Ohata
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yukari Sasaoka
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masato Ohashi
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Sensuke Ogoshi
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- JST, ACT-C, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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15
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Xu J, Li X, Wu J, Dai WM. Synthesis of 5-alkyl-5-aryl-γ-lactams from 1-aryl-substituted nitroalkanes and methyl acrylate via Michael addition and reductive lactamization. Tetrahedron 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2014.04.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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16
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Xu J, Lacoske MH, Theodorakis EA. Neurotrophic natural products: chemistry and biology. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:956-87. [PMID: 24353244 PMCID: PMC3945720 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201302268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases and spinal cord injury affect approximately 50 million people worldwide, bringing the total healthcare cost to over 600 billion dollars per year. Nervous system growth factors, that is, neurotrophins, are a potential solution to these disorders, since they could promote nerve regeneration. An average of 500 publications per year attests to the significance of neurotrophins in biomedical sciences and underlines their potential for therapeutic applications. Nonetheless, the poor pharmacokinetic profile of neurotrophins severely restricts their clinical use. On the other hand, small molecules that modulate neurotrophic activity offer a promising therapeutic approach against neurological disorders. Nature has provided an impressive array of natural products that have potent neurotrophic activities. This Review highlights the current synthetic strategies toward these compounds and summarizes their ability to induce neuronal growth and rehabilitation. It is anticipated that neurotrophic natural products could be used not only as starting points in drug design but also as tools to study the next frontier in biomedical sciences: the brain activity map project.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0358 (USA), Homepage: http://theodorakisgroup.ucsd.edu
| | - Michelle H. Lacoske
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0358 (USA), Homepage: http://theodorakisgroup.ucsd.edu
| | - Emmanuel A. Theodorakis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0358 (USA), Homepage: http://theodorakisgroup.ucsd.edu
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17
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Lin S, Li L, Liang F, Liu Q. DABCO-catalyzed ring opening of activated cyclopropanes and recyclization leading to γ-lactams with an all-carbon quaternary center. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:10491-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc03392b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A novel and efficient method for the construction of γ-lactams with an all-carbon quaternary center is developed via a DABCO-catalyzed reaction of EWG-activated cyclopropanecarboxamides and electron-deficient alkenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoxia Lin
- Department of Chemistry
- Northeast Normal University
- Changchun 130024, China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Chemistry
- Northeast Normal University
- Changchun 130024, China
| | - Fushun Liang
- Department of Chemistry
- Northeast Normal University
- Changchun 130024, China
- Key Laboratory for UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education
- Northeast Normal University
| | - Qun Liu
- Department of Chemistry
- Northeast Normal University
- Changchun 130024, China
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18
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Xu J, Lacoske MH, Theodorakis EA. Neurotrophe Naturstoffe - ihre Chemie und Biologie. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201302268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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19
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Martin KS, Di Maso MJ, Fettinger JC, Shaw JT. Synthesis of a library of "lead-like" γ-lactams by a one pot, four-component reaction. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2013; 15:356-62. [PMID: 23682712 DOI: 10.1021/co400049f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of a pilot scale library of 116 structurally diverse γ-lactams is reported. The library core structure emanates from a γ-lactam forming one-pot, four-component reaction of ammonium acetate, p-methoxythiophenol, p-methoxybenzaldehyde, and maleic anhydride. Structural diversity then arises from amide coupling, thioaryl cleavage, N-functionalization, and heterocycle forming reactions on this core structure. Computational analysis reveals that the library contains molecular properties and shape diversity suitable for drug lead and biological probe discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin S. Martin
- Department of Chemistry, One Shields
Ave, University of California, Davis, California
95616,
United States
| | - Michael J. Di Maso
- Department of Chemistry, One Shields
Ave, University of California, Davis, California
95616,
United States
| | - James C. Fettinger
- Department of Chemistry, One Shields
Ave, University of California, Davis, California
95616,
United States
| | - Jared T. Shaw
- Department of Chemistry, One Shields
Ave, University of California, Davis, California
95616,
United States
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20
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Tekkam S, Johnson JL, Jonnalagadda SC, Mereddy VR. Concise Synthesis of α-Methylene-β-hydroxy-γ-carboxy-γ-lactams. J Heterocycl Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.1578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Srinivas Tekkam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Minnesota Duluth; Duluth; Minnesota; 55812
| | - Joseph L. Johnson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Minnesota Duluth; Duluth; Minnesota; 55812
| | - Subash C. Jonnalagadda
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Rowan University; Glassboro; New Jersey; 08028
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21
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Zhang D, Zhang Q, Zhang N, Zhang R, Liang Y, Dong D. Formal [4+1] annulation of α,α-dialkyl β-oxo amides and dimethylsulfoxonium methylide: a synthetic route to β-hydroxy-γ-lactams. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:7358-60. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc43317j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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22
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Cooperative Al(salen)-pyridinium catalysts for the asymmetric synthesis of trans-configured β-lactones by [2+2]-cyclocondensation of acylbromides and aldehydes: investigation of pyridinium substituent effects. Molecules 2012; 17:7121-50. [PMID: 22692239 PMCID: PMC6268914 DOI: 10.3390/molecules17067121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2012] [Revised: 05/23/2012] [Accepted: 06/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The trans-selective catalytic asymmetric formation of β-lactones constitutes an attractive surrogate for anti-aldol additions. Recently, we have reported the first catalyst which is capable of forming trans-β-lactones with high enantioselectivity from aliphatic (and aromatic) aldehyde substrates by cyclocondensation with acyl bromides. In that previous study the concepts of Lewis acid and organic aprotic ion pair catalysis were combined in a salen-type catalyst molecule. Since a pyridinium residue on the salen periphery is essential for high trans- and enantioselectivity, we were interested in the question of whether substituents on the pyridinium rings could be used to further improve the catalyst efficiency, as they might have a significant impact on the effective charges within the heterocycles. In the present study we have thus compared a small library of aluminum salen/bispyridinium catalysts mainly differing in the substituents on the pyridinium residues. As one result of these studies a new catalyst was identified which offers slightly superior stereoselectivity as compared to the previously reported best catalyst. NBO calculations have revealed that the higher stereoselectivity can arguably not be explained by the variation of the effective charge.
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Tan DQ, Atherton AL, Smith AJ, Soldi C, Hurley KA, Fettinger JC, Shaw JT. Synthesis of a γ-lactam library via formal cycloaddition of imines and substituted succinic anhydrides. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2012; 14:218-23. [PMID: 22225535 DOI: 10.1021/co2001873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Formal cycloaddition reactions between imines and cyclic anhydrides serve as starting point for the synthesis of diverse libraries of small molecules. The synthesis of succinic anhydrides substituted with electron-withdrawing groups is facilitated by new mild conditions for alkylation of aryl-substituted acetyl esters with ethyl bromoacetate. These anhydrides are then used in formal cycloaddition reactions with imines to produce γ-lactams. 2-Fluoro-5-nitrophenylsuccinic anhydride reacts efficiently with imines to provide lactams that are further diversified by conversion of the nitro group to either an aniline and an azide for subsequent reactions with acylating agents and alkynes, respectively. The synthesis of cyanosuccinic anhydride is reported for the first time, and the use of this compound in reactions with imines and subsequent functionalization of the resultant lactams is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darlene Q. Tan
- Department of Chemistry, One Shields
Ave, University of California, Davis, California
95616,
United States
| | - Amy L. Atherton
- Department of Chemistry, One Shields
Ave, University of California, Davis, California
95616,
United States
| | - Austin J. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, One Shields
Ave, University of California, Davis, California
95616,
United States
| | - Cristian Soldi
- Department of Chemistry, One Shields
Ave, University of California, Davis, California
95616,
United States
| | - Katherine A. Hurley
- Department of Chemistry, One Shields
Ave, University of California, Davis, California
95616,
United States
| | - James C. Fettinger
- Department of Chemistry, One Shields
Ave, University of California, Davis, California
95616,
United States
| | - Jared T. Shaw
- Department of Chemistry, One Shields
Ave, University of California, Davis, California
95616,
United States
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24
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Donohoe TJ, Pullin RDC. Natural product synthesis as a challenging test of newly developed methodology. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:11924-38. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc36040c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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25
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26
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Gräwert MA, Groll M. Exploiting nature's rich source of proteasome inhibitors as starting points in drug development. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 48:1364-78. [PMID: 22039589 DOI: 10.1039/c1cc15273d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is the No. 2 cause of death in the Western world and one of the most expensive diseases to treat. Thus, it is not surprising, that every major pharmaceutical and biotechnology company has a blockbuster oncology product. In 2003, Millennium Pharmaceuticals entered the race with Velcade®, a first-in-class proteasome inhibitor that has been approved by the FDA for treatment of multiple myeloma and its sales have passed the billion dollar mark. Velcade®'s extremely toxic boronic acid pharmacophore, however, contributes to a number of severe side effects. Nevertheless, the launching of this product has validated the proteasome as a target in fighting cancer and further proteasome inhibitors have entered the market as anti-cancer drugs. Additionally, proteasome inhibitors have found application as crop protection agents, anti-parasitics, immunosuppressives, as well as in new therapies for muscular dystrophies and inflammation. Many of these compounds are based on microbial metabolites. In this review, we emphasize the important role of the structural elucidation of the various unique binding mechanisms of these compounds that have been optimized throughout evolution to target the proteasome. Based on this knowledge, medicinal chemists have further optimized these natural products, resulting in potential drugs with reduced off-target activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Ann Gräwert
- Center for Integrated Protein Science at the Department Chemie, Lehrstuhl für Biochemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748 Garching, Germany.
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27
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Just MJ, Tekkam S, Alam MA, Jonnalagadda SC, Johnson JL, Mereddy VR. Stereoselective synthesis of functionalized pyroglutamates. Tetrahedron Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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28
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Teng HL, Luo FL, Tao HY, Wang CJ. A Facile Cu(I)/BINAP-Catalyzed Asymmetric Approach to Functionalized Pyroglutamate Derivatives Bearing a Unique Quaternary Stereogenic Center. Org Lett 2011; 13:5600-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ol202326j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huai-Long Teng
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, 430072, China, and State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Shanghai, 230012, China
| | - Fei-Long Luo
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, 430072, China, and State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Shanghai, 230012, China
| | - Hai-Yan Tao
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, 430072, China, and State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Shanghai, 230012, China
| | - Chun-Jiang Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, 430072, China, and State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Shanghai, 230012, China
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29
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Tekkam S, Alam MA, Jonnalagadda SC, Mereddy VR. Novel methodologies for the synthesis of functionalized pyroglutamates. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:3219-21. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cc05609j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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30
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Kaiya
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
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31
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Kull T, Cabrera J, Peters R. Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of trans-Configured β-Lactones: Cooperation of Lewis Acid and Ion Pair Catalysis. Chemistry 2010; 16:9132-9. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201000840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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32
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Ling T, Potts BC, Macherla VR. Concise Formal Synthesis of (−)-Salinosporamide A (Marizomib) Using a Regio- and Stereoselective Epoxidation and Reductive Oxirane Ring-Opening Strategy. J Org Chem 2010; 75:3882-5. [DOI: 10.1021/jo100432g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taotao Ling
- Nereus Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 10480 Wateridge Circle, San Diego, California 92121
| | - Barbara C. Potts
- Nereus Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 10480 Wateridge Circle, San Diego, California 92121
| | - Venkat R. Macherla
- Nereus Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 10480 Wateridge Circle, San Diego, California 92121
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Yu JD, Ding W, Lian GY, Song KS, Zhang DW, Gao X, Yang D. Selective Approach toward Multifunctionalized Lactams by Lewis Acid Promoted PhSe Group Transfer Radical Cyclization. J Org Chem 2010; 75:3232-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jo100139u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Di Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Wei Ding
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Gao-Yan Lian
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ke-Sheng Song
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dan-Wei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Dan Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
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Generating a generation of proteasome inhibitors: from microbial fermentation to total synthesis of salinosporamide a (marizomib) and other salinosporamides. Mar Drugs 2010; 8:835-80. [PMID: 20479958 PMCID: PMC2866466 DOI: 10.3390/md8040835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2010] [Revised: 03/19/2010] [Accepted: 03/22/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The salinosporamides are potent proteasome inhibitors among which the parent marine-derived natural product salinosporamide A (marizomib; NPI-0052; 1) is currently in clinical trials for the treatment of various cancers. Methods to generate this class of compounds include fermentation and natural products chemistry, precursor-directed biosynthesis, mutasynthesis, semi-synthesis, and total synthesis. The end products range from biochemical tools for probing mechanism of action to clinical trials materials; in turn, the considerable efforts to produce the target molecules have expanded the technologies used to generate them. Here, the full complement of methods is reviewed, reflecting remarkable contributions from scientists of various disciplines over a period of 7 years since the first publication of the structure of 1.
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Verdoes M, Florea BI, van der Marel GA, Overkleeft HS. Chemical Tools To Study the Proteasome. European J Org Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200900075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Martijn Verdoes
- Department of Bio‐organic Synthesis, Leiden Institute for Chemistry, Leiden University, POBox 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands, Fax: +31‐71‐527‐4307
| | - Bogdan I. Florea
- Department of Bio‐organic Synthesis, Leiden Institute for Chemistry, Leiden University, POBox 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands, Fax: +31‐71‐527‐4307
| | - Gijsbert A. van der Marel
- Department of Bio‐organic Synthesis, Leiden Institute for Chemistry, Leiden University, POBox 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands, Fax: +31‐71‐527‐4307
| | - Herman S. Overkleeft
- Department of Bio‐organic Synthesis, Leiden Institute for Chemistry, Leiden University, POBox 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands, Fax: +31‐71‐527‐4307
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36
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Ariza X, Cornellà J, Font-Bardia M, Garcia J, Ortiz J, Sánchez C, Solans X. Stereocontrolled Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Quaternary Carbon Centers: A Route to α-Substituted Serines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200900609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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37
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Ariza X, Cornellà J, Font-Bardia M, Garcia J, Ortiz J, Sánchez C, Solans X. Stereocontrolled synthesis of highly functionalized quaternary carbon centers: a route to alpha-substituted serines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 48:4202-5. [PMID: 19415711 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200900609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Three in a row! Highly functionalized quaternary amino polyols with three consecutive asymmetric carbon centers have been prepared through tandem hydroboration of allene 1 and addition to an aldehyde (see scheme; Cy = cyclohexyl, TBDPS = tert-butyldiphenylsilyl, Ts = 4-toluenesulfonyl). This one-pot process provides access to advanced intermediates for the enantioselective synthesis of alpha-substituted serines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Ariza
- Departamento de Química Orgànica, Fac. de Química, Institut de Biomedicina de la UB, Universitat de Barcelona, C/Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028-Barcelona, Spain.
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38
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Harding M, Bodkin JA, Issa F, Hutton CA, Willis AC, McLeod MD. The asymmetric aminohydroxylation route to GABOB and homoserine derivatives. Tetrahedron 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2008.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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39
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Gilley CB, Buller MJ, Kobayashi Y. Synthesis of Proteasome Inhibitor Omuralide Featuring Stereocontrolled Ugi Reaction and Novel Convertible Isocyanide. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2009. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.67.1183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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40
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Langlois N, Legeay JC, Retailleau P. C-(4-Methoxybenzyloxymethyl)-N-methylnitrone Cycloaddition to Highly Functionalized Pyrrolinone: A Regio- and Stereoselective Approach to New Omuralide-Salinosporamide A Hybrids. European J Org Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200800607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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41
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Formal synthesis of salinosporamide A using a nickel-catalyzed reductive aldol cyclization–lactonization as a key step. Tetrahedron 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2008.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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42
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Miyaoka H, Yamanishi M, Hoshino A, Mitome H, Kawashima E. Practical synthesis of a key intermediate for lactacystin from (R)-4-hydroxymethyl-2-phenyl-4,5-dihydrooxazol-4-ylmethyl acetate. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2008; 56:738-41. [PMID: 18451571 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.56.738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A practical synthesis of a key intermediate for the proteasome inhibitor lactacystin from (R)-4-hydroxymethyl-2-phenyl-4,5-dihydrooxazol-4-ylmethyl acetate was established. (R)-4-Hydroxymethyl-2-phenyl-4,5-dihydrooxazol-4-ylmethyl acetate is a useful chiral building block for the synthesis of biologically active compounds containing alpha-substituted alpha-amino acid moieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Miyaoka
- School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan.
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43
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44
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Bodkin JA, Bacskay GB, McLeod MD. The Sharpless asymmetric aminohydroxylation reaction: optimising ligand/substrate control of regioselectivity for the synthesis of 3- and 4-aminosugars. Org Biomol Chem 2008; 6:2544-53. [DOI: 10.1039/b803310b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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45
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Pattenden G, Rescourio G. A new synthetic approach to (+)-lactacystin based on radical cyclisation of enantiopure α-ethynyl substituted serine derivatives to 4-methylenepyrrolidinones. Org Biomol Chem 2008; 6:3428-38. [DOI: 10.1039/b806681g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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46
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Purohit VC, Richardson RD, Smith JW, Romo D. Practical, catalytic, asymmetric synthesis of beta-lactones via a sequential ketene dimerization/hydrogenation process: inhibitors of the thioesterase domain of fatty acid synthase. J Org Chem 2007; 71:4549-58. [PMID: 16749788 DOI: 10.1021/jo060392d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The recent finding that the FDA-approved antiobesity agent orlistat (tetrahydrolipstatin, Xenical) is a potent inhibitor of the thioesterase domain of fatty acid synthase (FAS) led us to develop a concise and practical asymmetric route to pseudosymmetric 3,4-dialkyl-cis-beta-lactones. The well-documented up-regulation of FAS in cancer cells makes this enzyme complex an interesting therapeutic target for cancer. The described route to 3,4-dialkyl-beta-lactones is based on a two-step process involving Calter's catalytic, asymmetric ketene dimerization of acid chlorides followed by a facial-selective hydrogenation leading to cis-substituted-beta-lactones. Importantly, the ketene dimer intermediates were found to be stable to flash chromatography, enabling opportunities for subsequent transformations of these optically active, reactive intermediates. Subsequent alpha-epimerization and alpha-alkylation or acylation led to trans-beta-lactones and beta-lactones bearing alpha-quaternary carbons, respectively. Several of the ketene dimers and beta-lactones displayed antagonistic activity (apparent Ki in the low micromolar range) in competition with a fluorogenic substrate toward a recombinant form of the thioesterase domain of fatty acid synthase. The best antagonist, a simple phenyl-substituted cis-beta-lactone 3d, displayed an apparent Ki (2.5 +/- 0.5 microM) of only approximately 10-fold lower than that of orlistat (0.28 +/- 0.06 microM). In addition, mechanistic studies of the ketene dimerization process by ReactionView infrared spectroscopy support previous findings that ketene formation is rate determining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram C Purohit
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A & M University, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, USA
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Abstract
Lactacystin and salinosporamide A are fascinating molecules with regard to both their chemical structures and biological activities. These naturally occurring compounds are potent and selective proteasome inhibitors. The molecular structures are characterized by their densely functionalized gamma-lactam cores. The structure and biological properties of these two compounds are attracting the attention of many chemists as challenging synthetic targets. We discuss their synthetic strategies in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masakatsu Shibasaki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
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48
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Shibasaki M, Kanai M. Catalytic enantioselective construction of tetrasubstituted carbons by self-assembled poly rare earth metal complexes. Org Biomol Chem 2007; 5:2027-39. [PMID: 17581645 DOI: 10.1039/b704542e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Rare earth metal-based enantioselective catalysts that can promote practical cyanation reactions of ketones and ketoimines were developed. These catalytic enantioselective tetrasubstituted carbon-forming reactions are useful platforms for the synthesis of biologically active compounds. ESI-MS and crystallographic studies of the asymmetric catalysts revealed that the active catalysts are polymetallic complexes produced through the assembly of modules. The higher-order structure of the polymetallic complexes has strong effects on catalyst activity and enantioselectivity. Controlling the higher-order structure of artificial polymetallic asymmetric catalysts is a new strategy for optimizing asymmetric catalysts. Recent progress in this approach is also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masakatsu Shibasaki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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49
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Yoon CH, Flanigan DL, Yoo KS, Jung KW. Stereogenic Evolution ofclasto-Lactacystin β-Lactone fromL-Serine. European J Org Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200600835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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50
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Donohoe TJ, Thomas RE. Partial reduction of pyrroles: application to natural product synthesis. CHEM REC 2007; 7:180-90. [PMID: 17549705 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.20115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The partial reduction of N-Boc pyrroles has been explored giving stereoselective routes to disubstituted pyrrolines in good yields and with excellent diastereoselectivities. A novel methodology has been developed to carry out reductive aldol reactions on 2-substituted N-Boc pyrroles; use of aldehydes under reductive aldol conditions gave the anti aldol product in good selectivity. This chemistry was used as the key transformation in a synthesis of omuralide, which was achieved in 13 steps and 14% overall yield. We also report a methodology for selectively forming either cis or trans 2,5-disubstituted pyrrolines via a partial reduction of an electron-deficient N-Boc pyrrole. The trans pyrroline formed using this route was utilized in the syntheses of the polyhydroxylated pyrrolizidine natural products hyacinthacine A1 and 1-epiaustraline. Further investigation has led to the development of routes to enantiopure substituted pyrroline compounds. This has been achieved via a chiral protonation approach using easily accessible chiral acids, such as ephedrine and oxazolidinones, to quench enolates formed during the partial reduction process. Alternatively, enzymatic desymmetrization of symmetrical diol compounds formed from the partial reduction products of substituted pyrroles is also reported. This leads to formation of both enantiomers of 2,2- and 2,5-disubstituted N-Boc pyrrolines in excellent ee and yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Donohoe
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, United Kingdom.
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