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Yang J, Xie D, Ma X. Recent Advances in Chemical Synthesis of Amino Sugars. Molecules 2023; 28:4724. [PMID: 37375279 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28124724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Amino sugars are a kind of carbohydrates with one or more hydroxyl groups replaced by an amino group. They play crucial roles in a broad range of biological activities. Over the past few decades, there have been continuing efforts on the stereoselective glycosylation of amino sugars. However, the introduction of glycoside bearing basic nitrogen is challenging using conventional Lewis acid-promoted pathways owing to competitive coordination of the amine to the Lewis acid promoter. Additionally, diastereomeric mixtures of O-glycoside are often produced if aminoglycoside lack a C2 substituent. This review focuses on the updated overview of the way to stereoselective synthesis of 1,2-cis-aminoglycoside. The scope, mechanism, and the applications in the synthesis of complex glycoconjugates for the representative methodologies were also included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Demeng Xie
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiaofeng Ma
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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2
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Liu JL, Zhang YT, Liu HF, Zhou L, Chen J. N-Heterocyclic Carbene Catalyzed Stereoselective Glycosylation of 2-Nitrogalactals. Org Lett 2017; 19:5272-5275. [PMID: 28906121 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b02543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
An efficient N-heterocyclic carbene catalyzed glycosylation of 2-nitrogalactals with alcohols and phenol has been developed for the first time. A wide variety of 1,2-cis-2-nitroglycosides can be obtained with good to excellent yields and high to excellent α-selectivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Lin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University , Xi'an 710127, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Tong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University , Xi'an 710127, P. R. China
| | - Hang-Fan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University , Xi'an 710127, P. R. China
| | - Ling Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University , Xi'an 710127, P. R. China
| | - Jie Chen
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University , Xi'an 710127, P. R. China
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A short access to 3,5-disubstituted piperazinones based on the aza-Michael addition of α-amino esters to β-substituted nitroalkenes. Tetrahedron Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Ivanovs I, Bērziņa S, Lugiņina J, Belyakov S, Rjabovs V. Stereoselective Michael addition of O-nucleophiles to carbohydrate-based nitro-olefin. HETEROCYCL COMMUN 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/hc-2016-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractMichael addition reactions of O-nucleophiles to C(3) exocyclic nitromethylene derivative of diacetone glucose are reported. The reactions with primary alcohols proceed at ambient temperature in the presence of different bases with good yields and give products with excellent diastereoselectivity. The addition of the nucleophile occurs from the β-face of the carbohydrate as shown by single crystal X-ray analysis. The reactions with secondary alcohols give low yields of products while phenolic compounds do not react. Under certain conditions, isomerization of starting material is observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilgvalds Ivanovs
- 1Institute of Technology of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, P. Valdena 3/7, Riga, LV-1048, Latvia
| | - Santa Bērziņa
- 1Institute of Technology of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, P. Valdena 3/7, Riga, LV-1048, Latvia
| | - Jevgeņija Lugiņina
- 1Institute of Technology of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, P. Valdena 3/7, Riga, LV-1048, Latvia
| | - Sergey Belyakov
- 2Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles str. 21, Riga, LV-1006, Latvia
| | - Vitālijs Rjabovs
- 1Institute of Technology of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, P. Valdena 3/7, Riga, LV-1048, Latvia
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Pestov AV, Mehaev AV, Kodess MI, Ezhikova MA, Azarova YA, Bratskaya SY. Imidazolyl derivative of chitosan with high substitution degree: Synthesis, characterization and sorption properties. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 138:252-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.11.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Aly MRES, El Ashry ESH. Recent Advances Toward Robust N-Protecting Groups for Glucosamine as Required for Glycosylation Strategies. Adv Carbohydr Chem Biochem 2016; 73:117-224. [PMID: 27816106 DOI: 10.1016/bs.accb.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
2-Amino-2-deoxy-d-glucose (d-glucosamine) is among the most abundant monosaccharides found in natural products. This constituent, recognized for its ubiquity, is presented in most instances as its N-acetyl derivative 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-d-glucopyranose (N-acetylglucosamine, GlcNAc, NAG). It occurs as the β-linked pyranosyl group in polysaccharides and oligosaccharides, and sometimes as the monosaccharide itself, either in its native state or as a glycoconjugate. The compound's acylation profile and other aspects of its structure are important elements in determining the variety of reactivities and functions of the molecule as a whole. Methods elaborated to investigate these challenges have been intensively reviewed; however, a relatively more comprehensive reviewing of this subject is introduced here to cover some aspects that have not been sufficiently covered. This might enable those who are beginners in this field to be aware of the subject in a more comprehensive context. 2-Amino-2-deoxy-d-glucosylation strategies demand robust amino-protecting groups that survive under a variety of chemical conditions, yet provide groups that can be deprotected under relatively mild conditions. At the end of this review, a table that includes all the N-protecting groups that have been used for glucosamine is provided to introduce them at a glance to aid in constructing building blocks that will act as useful 2-amino-2-deoxy-d-glucosyl donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Ramadan El Sayed Aly
- Faculty of Science, Taif University, Taif, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Faculty of Science, Port Said University, Port Said, Egypt
| | - El Sayed H El Ashry
- Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt; Universität Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
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Peng P, Geng Y, Göttker-Schnetmann I, Schmidt RR. 2-Nitro-thioglycosides: α- and β-selective generation and their potential as β-selective glycosyl donors. Org Lett 2015; 17:1421-4. [PMID: 25740177 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b00295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Michael-type addition of thiolates to 2-nitro-D-glucal or to 2-nitro-D-galactal derivatives readily provides 2-deoxy-2-nitro-1-thioglycosides. Kinetic and thermodynamic reaction control permitted formation of either the α- or preferentially the β-anomers, respectively. Addition of achiral and chiral thiourea derivatives to the reaction mixture increased the reaction rate; the outcome is substrate-controlled. The 2-deoxy-2-nitro-1-thioglycosides are excellent glycosyl donors under arylsulfenyl chloride/silver triflate (ArSCl/AgOTf) activation, and they provide, anchimerically assisted by the nitro group, mostly β-glycosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Peng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Yiqun Geng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | | | - Richard R Schmidt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
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Ji L, Xiang SH, Leng WL, Hoang KLM, Liu XW. Palladium-catalyzed glycosylation: novel synthetic approach to diverse N-heterocyclic glycosides. Org Lett 2015; 17:1357-60. [PMID: 25730324 DOI: 10.1021/ol5037437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
An efficient and highly stereoselective method for the construction of N-heterocyclic glycosides is reported. This method is based on a palladium-catalyzed allylation which proceeded to provide N-heterocyclic glycosyl compounds in good-to-excellent yields with β- or α-selectivity. Various N-nucleophiles were examined for this reaction and selected N-glycosyl isatin substrates were further elaborated to bis-indole sugars which have potential as antiproliferative drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ji
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Shao-Hua Xiang
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Wei-Lin Leng
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Kim Le Mai Hoang
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Xue-Wei Liu
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
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Delaunay T, Poisson T, Jubault P, Pannecoucke X. 2-Nitroglycals: Versatile Building Blocks for the Synthesis of 2-Aminoglycosides. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201402805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Delaunay T, Poisson T, Jubault P, Pannecoucke X. Stereoselective Access to β-C-Glycosamines by Nitro-Michael Addition of Organolithium Reagents. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201402001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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11
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Xiang S, Ma J, Gorityala BK, Liu XW. Stereoselective synthesis of β-N-glycosides through 2-deoxy-2-nitroglycal. Carbohydr Res 2011; 346:2957-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2011.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2010] [Revised: 01/17/2011] [Accepted: 01/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Khodair AI, Schmidt RR. A Convenient Synthesis of Pyrano[2,3-b][1,5]oxazepines by Ring Closure of O-Glycosyl Amino Acids. European J Org Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201101148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Kancharla PK, Vankar YD. Chemistry of 2-Nitroglycals: A One-Pot Three-Component Stereoselective Approach toward 2-C-Branched O-Galactosides. J Org Chem 2010; 75:8457-64. [DOI: 10.1021/jo101735u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pavan K. Kancharla
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208 016, India
| | - Yashwant D. Vankar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208 016, India
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Wang JL, Xu JM, Wu Q, Lv DS, Lin XF. Promiscuous enzyme-catalyzed regioselective Michael addition of purine derivatives to α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds in organic solvent. Tetrahedron 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2009.01.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Schmidt RR, Vankar YD. 2-nitroglycals as powerful glycosyl donors: application in the synthesis of biologically important molecules. Acc Chem Res 2008; 41:1059-73. [PMID: 18598060 DOI: 10.1021/ar7002495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
[Reaction: see text]. The biological significance of oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates is profound and wide-ranging. For example, the mucins have attracted attention because of their role in fundamental cellular processes such as fertilization, parasitic infection, inflammation, immune defense, cell growth, and cell-cell adhesion. Increased expression of mucins is implicated in malignant transformation of cells. Antifreeze glycoproteins also are of interest because they are important for the survival of many marine teleost fishes that live in polar and subpolar waters. The synthesis of glycoconjugates requires methods for glycoside bond formation, the most difficult aspect of which is the assembly of monosaccharide building blocks. This Account discusses a valuable addition to the repertoire of methods for glycoconjugate synthesis: an approach that involves 2-nitroglycal concatenation. For a long time, methods for glycosylation via glycosyl donor generation required either an anomeric oxygen exchange reaction or anomeric oxygen retention. In the case of an anomeric oxygen exchange reaction, activation of the glycosyl donors demands a promoter in at least equimolar amounts. However, anomeric oxygen retention, such as base-catalyzed formation of O-glycosyl trichloroacetimidates, can be activated by catalytic amounts of acid or Lewis acid. Alternatively, glycals, which are readily available from sugars, can be an attractive starting material for glycoside bond formation. Their nucleophilic character at C-2 permits reactions with oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur electrophiles that under high substrate stereocontrol generally lead to three-membered rings; ring opening under acid catalysis furnishes the corresponding glycosides, whichdepending on the electrophile Xare also employed for 2-deoxyglycoside synthesis. Glycals also can be transformed into derivatives that have at C-2 an electron-withdrawing group and are amenable to Michael-type addition. A good example are 2-nitroglycals. In this case, glycoside bond formation is achieved under base catalysis and leads to 2-deoxy-2-nitroglycosides. These intermediates are readily converted into 2-amino-2-deoxyglycosides, which are constituents of almost all glycoconjugates. This 2-nitroglycal concatenation has been extensively investigated with 2-nitrogalactal derivatives. When alcohols are used as nucleophiles and strong bases used as catalysts, the result is primarily or exclusively the alpha-galacto-configured adducts. Some studies show that weaker bases may lead to preferential formation of the beta-galacto-configured products instead. The reaction was very successfully extended to other nucleophiles and also to other 2-nitroglycals that undergo base-catalyzed stereoselective Michael-type additions. Thus, 2-nitroglycals are versatile synthons in glycoconjugate and natural-products synthesis, and it is foreseeable that many more applications will be based on these readily available and highly functionalized skeletons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard R. Schmidt
- Fachbereich Chemie, Universität Konstanz, Fach M 725, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Yashwant D. Vankar
- Chemistry Department, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208 016, India
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Reddy BG, Schmidt RR. 2-Nitroglycals: versatile intermediates for efficient and highly stereoselective base-catalyzed glycoside bond formations. Nat Protoc 2008; 3:114-21. [DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2007.495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Turconi J, Lebeau L, Paris JM, Mioskowski C. Stereoselective synthesis of trifluoromethyl-substituted 1,2-diamines by aza-Michael reaction with trans-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-nitropropene. Tetrahedron 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2006.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Turconi J, Lebeau L, Paris JM, Mioskowski C. Stereoselective conjugate addition of nitrogen nucleophiles to 3,3,3-trifluoro-1-nitropropene. Tetrahedron Lett 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2005.10.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Reddy BG, Vankar YD. The Synthesis of Hybrids ofD-Galactose with 1-Deoxynojirimycin Analogues as Glycosidase Inhibitors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005; 44:2001-4. [PMID: 15724263 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200462413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B Gopal Reddy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology - Kanpur, Kanpur 208 016, India
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Reddy BG, Vankar YD. The Synthesis of Hybrids ofD-Galactose with 1-Deoxynojirimycin Analogues as Glycosidase Inhibitors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200462413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Reddy B, Vankar YD. A convenient synthesis of methyl N-acetyl-α-d-lividosaminide from d-glucal. Tetrahedron Lett 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(03)01044-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Pachamuthu K, Gupta A, Das J, Schmidt R, Vankar Y. An Easy Route to 2-Amino-β-C-Glycosides by Conjugate Addition to 2-Nitroglycals. European J Org Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/1099-0690(200205)2002:9<1479::aid-ejoc1479>3.0.co;2-p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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